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INTRODUCTION TO MANET
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 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 05 Issue: 1 | Jan-2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

INTRODUCTION TO MANET
Sadiya Mirza1, Sana Zeba Bakshi2
1,2Student M. Tech. 1st Year, Dept. of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Anjuman college of
Engineering & Technology, Maharashtra, India
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Abstract - MANET is an abbreviation for mobile ad hoc  Partitioned operation: The nodes engaged in a MANET
network it is also referred to as wireless ad hoc network it is should cooperate among themselves. Every node is
an uninterrupted self-configuring, infrastructure-less network behaving like a relay.

 Autonomous Terminal: In MANET architecture every

of mobile devices connected without making use of wires. In a
MANET architecture, devices can move independently in any mobile terminal is an autonomous node which may
direction and therefore changes their links to other devices operate as a host or a router. Therefore end points and
frequently. Because MANETs are transportable, they utilize switches cannot be identified.
wireless connections to interact with different networks. In
this article an overview to MANET along with its utilization in  Multi hop routing: In multi hop MANET transmitting data
wireless systems will be discussed. A brief consideration packets from a source to destination out of direct wireless
regarding the types of MANET architectures and its transmission range the packets are to be transmitted
advantages and disadvantages in wireless communication through one or more intermediate nodes.

 Dynamic network topology: The mobile nodes in the

networks is being done in this article.
network dynamically create routing between themselves
Key Words: Features of MANET, Architecture of MANET,
as they move forward forming their own network.
Routing protocols, Challenges, Applications of MANET.
 Fluctuating link capacity: In MANET one communication
1. INTRODUCTION path is shared by many sessions. The channel on which
the nodes communicate is subjected to noise, fading, and
MANET is an ad hoc network which does not require any interference, and has less bandwidth than a guided
infrastructure support for carrying data packets between network. In some cases the path between any pair of users
two nodes. MANET is an ad hoc network for mobile or much can traverse multiple wireless links and the link
simply called as mobile ad hoc network which is a themselves can be heterogeneous.

 Light weight terminals: Mostly MANET nodes are mobile

continuous self ordered, infrastructure-less network of
mobile devices connected wirelessly. Mobile ad hoc
devices with less CPU processing capability, small
networks possess a flat network infrastructure. It has a
memory size and low power storage.
shared medium which is highly demandable for radio
communication. In MANET architecture every computer or
node means any device is a router as well as end host. The 2. MANET ARCHITECTURAL MODEL
nodes or devices in the MANET architecture are in general
autonomous. MANET has a dynamic topology architecture The architectural model for MANET preserves the integrity
which highly promotes mobility. In the MANET architecture, of the IP architecture while allowing for the particularities of
every node also works as a router since they route packets MANETs.
for other nodes.

1.1 FEATURES OF MANET

There are various features of MANET as listed below:

 Partitioned operations
 Autonomous terminal
 Multi hop routing
 Dynamic network topology
 Fluctuating link capacity
 Light weight terminals Fig -1: Architectural view of MANET

© 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 17
 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 05 Issue: 1 | Jan-2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

The term MANET (Mobile Ad hoc Network) it is referred to a need to be redesigned for self configuring, dynamic,
multi hop packet-based wireless network which is a set of unstable, peer-to-peer communication
mobile nodes that can communicate and move at the same environment. The initial target of networking
time, without using any kind of fixed wired infrastructure. protocols is to use the one-hop transmission
MANETs are actually self-organizing and adaptive networks services, given by the enabling technologies to
that can be formed and deformed on the-fly without the need evolve end-to-end reliable services, from a sender
of any centralized administration. This exclusive to the receiver. To inculcate an end-to-end
characteristic allows the use of MANETs in many particular communication the sender needs to find the
civilian and military situations as well as in the emerging receiver inside the network. The major task of a
sensor networks technology. location service is to dynamically map the address
of the receiver device to its present location in the
2.1 MANET ARCHITECTURE network.

3. Middleware & Application: The wireless

technologies like WiFi, Bluetooth, IEEE 802.11,
WiMAX and Hyper LAN remarkably encourages the
deployment of ad hoc technology and new ad hoc
networking applications mainly in specific fields
like emergency services, disaster recovery and
environment monitoring. The versatility of MANET
makes this innovation adaptive for some practical
situations like, in PAN, home networking, law
enforcement operation, commercial and educational
applications, and sensor network. Mobile ad hoc
frameworks recently created adopt the
methodology of not having a middleware, yet
rather depend on every application to handle every
one of the services it needs.

3. TYPES OF MANET
Fig-2: Architecture of MANET The types of MANETs are described below

The architecture of MANET is as shown in the figure-2 above.  Vehicular ad hoc network (VANET): VANETs
It is divided into three main parts they are, are created by applying the principles of mobile ad
hoc networks (MANETs). It enables effective
1. Enabling Technologies communication with another vehicle or helps to
2. Networking communicate with roadside equipments.
3. Middleware & Application
 Internet Based Mobile Ad hoc Networks (IMANET):
1. Enabling Technologies: Enabling technologies are It is a type of wireless ad hoc network that supports
further divided depending on their area of coverage. Internet protocols such as TCP/UDP and IP. The


IMANET uses a network-layer routing protocol to
BAN (Body Area Network): The communication link mobile nodes and establish routes
range of BAN is 1 to 2 meters. It provides automatically.


connectivity to the wearable computing devices.
Intelligent vehicular ad hoc networks (INVANET): It
 PAN (Personal Area Network): The communication makes use of artificial intelligence to tackle
range of PAN is up to 10 meters. It provides unexpected situations like vehicle collision and
connectivity between mobile devices as well as accidents.


stationary devices.
Flying ad hoc network (FANET): FANETs are
 WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network): the composed of unmanned aerial vehicle, providing
communication range of WLANs is 100 to 500 mobility and connectivity to remote areas.
meters. It can connect a building or a group of
buildings. There are further more types of MANETs depending on their
application; few of them are discussed above in section 3.
2. Networking: In MANET architecture most of the
principle functionalities of the networking protocols

© 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 18
 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 05 Issue: 1 | Jan-2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

4. ROUTING PROTOCOL IN MANET reduced control traffic overhead from proactive

systems although reducing the route discovery
Routing protocols are set of rules which govern the path of delays of reactive systems by maintaining some
message packets from source to destination in a network. form of routing table.
Routing protocol in a MANET is mainly classified into three
categories that are proactive and reactive and Hybrid. 5. APPLICATIONS OF MANET
There is a widespread application of mobile ad hoc network
in the commercial, Military and private sectors. Mobile Ad-
hoc Networks allow users to access and exchange
information regardless of their geographic position or
proximity to infrastructure. In contrast to the infrastructure
networks, all nodes in MANETs are mobile and their
connections are dynamic.

Military Sector: Nowadays in military equipments there are

computer device connected. Ad- hoc networking would allow
the military to take advantage of common place network
technology to maintain an information network between the
soldiers, vehicles, and military information headquarters.

Commercial Sector: Ad hoc Networks can be used in

emergency or rescue operation during disasters. Rescuers
must be able to communicate in order to help the people. By
automatically establishing a data network with the
communication equipment that the rescuers are already
Fig-3: Types of Routing in MANET carrying the task is made easier. Other commercial scenarios
include e.g. ship-to-ship ad hoc mobile communication, law
Figure above shows the table for classification of MANET. enforcement, etc.

 Proactive Routing: Proactive routing protocols are Sensor Networks: In this technology the network consist of
also called as table driven routing protocols. In this many small sensors. These can be used to detect any number
protocol every node maintain routing table which of properties of an area. The sensor networks include
contains information about the network topology. temperature, pressure, toxins, pollutions, etc. The
This feature although useful for datagram traffic, capabilities of each sensor are very limited, and each must
acquires substantial signaling traffic and power rely on others in order to forward data to a central
consumption. The routing tables are updated computer. Individual sensors are limited in their computing
regularly whenever the network topology changes. capability and are prone to failure and loss. Mobile ad-hoc
Proactive protocols are not suitable for large sensor networks could be the key to future homeland
networks as there is a need to maintain record for security.
each and every node in the routing table of every
node. These protocols maintain different number of 3. CONCLUSIONS
routing tables varying from protocol to protocol.
There are many routing protocols like DSDV, OLSR, A tremendous advancement has been witnessed in the field
CGSR, WRP, TBRPF, QDRP etc. of mobile communication in the past few years. Thus various
opportunities are opened up in the field of ad hoc networks
 Reactive Routing: Reactive routing protocol is also these days. MANET is a group of wireless mobile hosts which
called as on demand routing protocol. In this builds a temporary network without the requirement of any
protocol route is discovered whenever it is needed. centralized administration or backbone support services.
The nodes set up route discovery on demand basis. MANET proved itself a versatile network nowadays but is
Source node checks its route cache for the available quite unreliable due to its less attack handling capability i.e.
route from source to destination if the route is not it is less immune to attacks. Routing is the utmost part of any
available then it initiates route discovery process. network which also retains its significance in MANET
Examples of reactive routing are DSR, AODV, LMR, architecture. Various types of routing protocols are used for
TORA, LQSR etc. different types of MANET architectures to ensure the desired


path for transmission of message packets between source
Hybrid Routing: Hybrid protocols inherits the and destination.
features of both reactive and proactive routing
protocols, typically attempting to exploit the

© 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 19
 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 05 Issue: 1 | Jan-2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

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