What I Need to Know

This module was pattern with you in mind. In this module, you will learn more about
probability of compound events when you take the following lessons.

This module is divided into two lessons, namely:

• Lesson 1 – Probability of Compound Events: Problem Solving Involving

Dependent Events

• Lesson 2 – Probability of Compound Events: Problem Solving Involving

Independent Events

• Lesson 3– Probability of Compound Events: Problem Solving Involving

Conditional Probability of Dependent Events

• Lesson 4– Probability of Compound Events: Problem Solving Involving

Conditional Probability of Independent Events

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Illustrate dependent and independent events,
2. Find the probability of independent and dependent events ,
3. Identify conditional probability
4. Solve problems on conditional probability of dependent
5. Solve problems on conditional probability of independent events
6. Appreciate the concept of independent and dependent events and conditional
probability in real life.

How to Learn from this Module

To achieve the objectives cited above, you are to do the following:

• Take your time reading the lessons carefully.
• Follow the directions and/or instructions in the activities and exercises
diligently.
• Answer all the given tests and exercises.

1
 What I Know
PRE-TEST

Choose the letter of the best answer. Take note of the items that you were not able
to answer correctly and find out the right answer as you go through this module.

1. It is the probability of one event occurring with some relationship to one or

more other events.
a. Dependent event c. conditional probability
b. Independent event d. union of event

2. It is an event that influences the probability of other events – or their

probability of occurring is affected by other events.
a. Dependent event c. conditional probability
b. Independent event d. union of event

3. It is an event that do not affect one another and do not increase or decrease
the probability of another event happening.
a. Dependent event c. conditional probability
b. Independent event d. union of event

4. Parking illegally and getting a parking ticket is an example of…

a. Dependent event c. conditional probability
b. Independent event d. union of event
5. Meeting your friend on your way home and finding a 10- peso coin is an
example of…
a. Dependent event c. conditional probability
b. Independent event d. union of event

6. The chance of a flight being delayed is 0.2 (20%), what are the chances of no
delays on a round trip?
a. 0.8 b. 0.16 c. 0.04 d. 0.64

7. There are 5 red roses, 3 yellow roses, and 8 white roses in a tray. If Roxanne
picked 2 roses one after the other without replacing, then what is the
probability of picking a white rose first and a red rose next?
a. 0.16̅ b. 0.18̅ c. 0.19 d. 0.20

8. A box contains 6 white marbles and 4 red marbles. A marble is randomly

selected, replaced, and the second marble is randomly selected. What is the
probability of selecting a white marbles then a red marble?
6 6 5 5
a. 24 b. 25 c. 11 d. 22

2
9. A box of candies contains 5 yema candies, 8 sampaloc candies, and 10
bucayo candies. Jenevive randomly chooses a candy, eats it, and then
randomly chooses another candy. What is the probability that Jenevive chose
a yema candy, and then a sampaloc candy?
20 20 20 20
a. b. c. d.
243 253 263 273

10. There are 6 pink and 8 white balls in a bag. If two balls are drawn after the
other, then what is the probability of getting a pink ball first and white ball next,
if the first ball drawn is replaced?
6 8 12
a. . 14 b. 14 c. 1 d. 49

11. A Fair die is tossed twice. Find the probability of getting a 4 or 5 on the first
toss and a 1,2,or 3 in the second toss.
1 1 1
a. . 3 b. 6 c. 2 d.1

12. Roy bought four different batteries. Of these four, one is defective. Roy
randomly selected two batteries to be used in that particular day. Find the
probability that the second battery selected is not defective, given that the first
was not defective.
2 1 1 1
a. . 3 b. 4 c. 3 d.2

13. In a group of 100 sports car buyers, 40 bought alarm systems, 30 purchased
bucket seats, and 20 purchased an alarm system and bucket seats. If a car
buyer chosen at random bought an alarm system, what is the probability they
also bought bucket seats?
a. 0.40 b. 0.30 c. 0.60 d. 0.50

14. Ella took two tests. The probability of her passing both tests is 0.6. The
probability of her passing the first test is 0.8. What is the probability of her
passing the second test given that she has passed the first test?
a. 0.60 b. 0.70 c. 0.75 d. 0.80

15. At Kuya National High School- Annex La Roxas, the probability that a student
joins Science Club and Mathematics Club is 0.087. The probability that a
student joins Science Club is 0.68. What is the probability that a student joins
the Mathematics Club given that the student is a member of Science Club?
a. 0.128 b. 0.129 c. 0.130 d. 0.131

3
 Lesson

1
What I Need to Know

In this lesson, you will work on dependent events, also:

• Define and illustrate dependent events
• find the probability of dependent events
• Appreciate the concept of finding the probability of dependent event in real life

Good day learner. Before we begin, keep in mind to be calm and continue trying
until you understand our lesson. So, ready? Let’s begin our lesson by measuring
how far you understand our lesson today.

What I Know
PRE-TEST

Choose the letter of the best answer. Take note of the items that you were not able
to answer correctly and find out the right answer as you go through this module.

1. It is an event that influences the probability of other events – or their

probability of occurring is affected by other events.
a. Dependent event b. conditional probability
c. Independent event d. union of event

2. Which among the following are examples of dependent event?

i. Not paying your water bill on time and having your water cut off.
ii. Eating too much and getting fatter.
iii. Entering the bus first and finding a good seat.
iv. Owning a cat and growing your own vegetable garden

a. i b. iii c. i & ii d. ii & iv

3. Which among the following are not an examples of dependent event?

i. Not paying your water bill on time and having your water cut off.
ii. Eating too much and getting fatter.
iii. Entering the bus first and finding a good seat.
iv. Owning a cat and growing your own vegetable garden

a. i b. iii c. i & ii d. ii & iv

4
For items 4-7:
A bag contains 14 red balls, 12 blue balls, and 9 yellow balls. Suppose that
two balls are drawn one after the other without putting back the first ball.
4. What is the probability that both are blue?
65 66 67 68
a. b. 595 c. 595 d. 595
595

5. What is the probability that the first is red and the second is yellow?
14 9 8 9
a. 35 b. 34 c. 85 d. 85

6. What is the probability that the first is red and the second is blue?
14 12 12 9
a. 35 b. 34 c. 85 d. 85

7. What is the probability that both are yellow?

59 36 36 9
a. b. c. d.
35 595 595 595

8. Two cards are chosen at random from a deck of 52 cards without

replacement. What is the probability of choosing two kings?
4 1 1 9
a. 663 b. 221 c. 69 d. 663

9. Two cards are chosen at random from a deck of 52 cards without

replacement. What is the probability that the first card is a jack and the
second card is a ten?
3 1 4 1
a. 676 b.169 c. 663 d.663

10. On a math test, 5 out of 20 students got an A. If three students are chosen at
random without replacement, what is the probability that all three got an A on
the test?
1 25 3 2
a. 114 b.1368 c. 400 d.115

11. Three cards are chosen at random from a deck of 52 cards without
replacement. What is the probability of choosing an ace, a king, and a queen
in order?
1 8 8 1
a. 2197 b.5525 c. 16,575 d.6,578

12. A school survey found that 7 out of 30 students walk to school. If four students
are selected at random without replacement, what is the probability that all
four walk to school?
343 1 7 1
a. 93,960 b.783 c. 6750 d.6,578

13. June has a box of beans to plant. It contains 7 white beans and 7 black beans
seeds. As he plants, what is the probability of drawing 2 white beans and 1
black bean in succession?
7 7 6 7
a. 52 b.14 c. 13 d.12

5
For items 14-15:
Ms. Ella needs two students to help her with a math demonstration for her
class of 18 girls and 12 boys. She randomly chooses one student who comes
to the front of the room. She then chooses a second student from those still
seated.

14. What is the probability that both students chosen are girls?
18 12 51 17
a. 30 b. 30 c. 145 d. 29

15. What is the probability that both students chosen are boys?
18 22 51 17
a. 30 b. 145 c. 145 d. 29

How was the pre-test so far? Did you get the answers correctly? For you to be
guided and for you to better understand our lesson. Let us continue by answering
thIS chain of activities.

What What’s In

The previous lesson focused on mutually exclusive events. In this lesson you will
learned to find the probability of dependent events.

Activity 1
Rearrange the set of letters to form a new word related to probability.

Jumbled Word Answer

1. inoun
2. ritenecitson
3. veten
4. esculixve
5. pendetend

Guide Questions:

a. How did you find the activity?

b. What words have you formed?

c. What could be the meaning of those words specially the word form in number
5?
How was the activity? I guess you had fun answering. This time you will answer another
What’s
activity that will help you better understand our topic. Get New
Ready to Explore.

6
 What’s New

Let’s explore!

Activity 2: SpreaDEPEND

In order to prevent Covid-19 Pandemic to spread rapidly, Jean volunteered to

give box contains face masks. Consider the box contains 14 red masks, 12 blue
masks, and 9 yellow masks. Suppose that the two masks are drawn one after the
other without putting back the first mask. Find the probability that both are blue?

Guide Questions:

1. In the given situation, what is the probability if the first mask was drawn in
the box?

2. What is the probability of the second mask was drawn?

3. Is the probability of obtaining the second mask affected after getting the
first mask in both situations?

4. What conclusion can you make about the event in the given situation?

7
 What Is It

Discussion
Guide Question Figure/ Expression Discussion
𝑛(𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡) 𝑛(𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡)
𝑃(𝐸) = 𝑛(𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡)
. The 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝐸𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 𝑛(𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡)
1. In the given 𝑛(𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡)
We let 𝐴= be the or 𝑃(𝐸) = 𝑛(𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡).
situation, what is the probability of the blue
probability if the first mask drawn So, if we let 𝐴= the probability if the first
blue mask was drawn blue mask was drawn in the box. We
in the box? 𝑛(𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡) =No. of blue can say that
. masks=12 𝑛(𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡) 12
𝑃(𝑏𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑘 𝑜𝑟 𝐴) = 𝑛(𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡) = 35
𝑛(𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡) = Total
No. of all the So the 𝑃(𝐴) or the probability if the first
12
masks=14+12+9=35 blue mask was drawn in the box is 35
𝑛(𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡) 12
𝑃(𝐴) = =
𝑛(𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡) 35
2. What is the Let 𝐵=the probability of 𝑃(𝑏𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑘 𝑜𝑟 𝐵) = 𝑛(𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡) = 11
probability of the 𝑛(𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡) 34
the second mask was
second mask was drawn in situation a.
drawn in situation a? So the 𝑃(𝐵) or the probability if the
𝑛(𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡) =No. of blue second blue mask was drawn in the
11
masks=11 box is 34.
Since the second draw is still blue, we
(𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡) = Total No. will get the number of the remaining
of all the
blue masks in the box that makes it 11
masks=14+11+9=34
in the 𝑛(𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡)and we are going to add
𝑛(𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡) 11 all the remaining masks in the box that
𝑃(𝐵) = =
𝑛(𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡) 34 makes it 34 in the 𝑛(𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡).

3. Is the probability of The probability of obtaining the second

12
obtaining the second 𝑃(𝐴) =
35
probability of mask was affected since the mask was
mask affected after the first not put back inside the box.
getting the first mask in
11
both situations? 𝑃(𝐵) = probability of
34
the second

4. What conclusion The event shows that the occurrence

can you make about of one event influences
the event in the given the probability of another event.
situation?

The above activity shows the concept of dependent event. Now it’s your turn to answer
questions for situation b. Get Ready to be DEPENDENT.

8
Activity 3 . SpreaDEPEND

Read the situation below and fill in the blank or box with the correct answer.
Activity 2 will help you get through this activity.

In order to prevent Covid-19 Pandemic to spread rapidly, Jean volunteered to

give box contains face masks. Consider the box contains 14 red masks, 12 blue
masks, and 9 yellow masks. Suppose that the two masks are drawn one after the
other without putting back the first mask. Find the probability that:

a. the first is red and the second is yellow.

Guide Question Figure/ Expression Discussion

𝑛(𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡) So, if we let 𝐴= the probability if the first
𝑃(𝐸) = 𝑛(𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡)
.
1. In the given red mask was drawn in the box. We
We let 𝐴= be the
situation, what is the probability of the ______ can say that
probability if the first 𝑛(𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡)
mask drawn 𝑃(______ 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑘 𝑜𝑟 𝐴) = 𝑛(𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡) =
red mask?
. 𝑛(𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡) =No. of red
So the 𝑃(𝐴) or the probability if the
masks=_____
first red mask was drawn in the box is
14
𝑛(𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡) = Total No.
of all the
masks=____+___+___=35

𝑛(𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡)
𝑃(𝐴) = =
𝑛(𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡)
2. What is the Let 𝐵=the probability of 𝑛(𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡)
𝑃(______ 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑘 𝑜𝑟 𝐵) = 𝑛(𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡) =
probability of the the second mask drawn
second mask drawn is is yellow.
yellow? So the 𝑃(𝐵) or the probability if the
𝑛(𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡) =No. of yellow second mask was drawn in the box is
9
masks=_____ .
34
Since the second draw is yellow, we
𝑛(𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡) = Total No. will get the number of yellow in the
of all the
𝑛(𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡)and we are going to add all
masks=____+___+___=34
the remaining masks in the box that
𝑛(𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡) makes it 34 in the 𝑛(𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡).
𝑃(𝐵) = =
𝑛(𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡)
3. Is the probability of The probability of obtaining the
12
obtaining the second 𝑃(𝐴) =
35
probability of second mask was affected since the
mask affected after the first mask was not put back inside the box.
getting the first mask
11
in both situations? 𝑃(𝐵) = probability of
34
the second
4. What conclusion The event shows that the occurrence
can you make about of one event ________________
the event in the given the probability of another event.
situation?

The two situations show DEPENDENT EVENTS. Now, get ready to be inDEPENDENT.

9
 Definitions and Solutions Discussions
examples

Dependent Events In Symbol: If two events, A and B, are

are events that rely 𝑷(𝑨 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑩) = dependent, then the
𝑷(𝑨) ∙ 𝑷(𝑩 𝒇𝒐𝒍𝒍𝒐𝒘𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝑨)
on another event to Or probability of both events
happen first. 𝑃(𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) · 𝑃(𝐵|𝐴) occurring is the product of the
two events are probability of A and the
dependent, if the probability of B after A
occurrence of one occurs.
event influences
the probability of
another event.

Examples:
In real life:
The event of “having a trip”
1. If you want to have a trip with your friends, it depends on whether or not
depends on whether or not your parents will your parents will allow you.
allow you. Meaning, If your parents will
not allow you then you cannot
have the trip you wanted with
your friends.
This shows that two events
are dependent events, if one
event influences the
probability of another event
2. The time you will reach home from school
depends on how fast you walk.

3. Your success depends on how much effort

you exert on your work.

4. Not studying your lesson and having a failing

grade.

5. Not paying your water bill on time and having

your water cut off.

6. Eating too much and getting fatter.

7. Entering the bus first and finding a good seat.

8. Buying twenty lottery tickets and winning the

lottery.

10
 Going back to the previous Activities

In Symbol:
1.In order to prevent We let : (𝑨 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑩) = 𝑷(𝑨) ∙
𝟏𝟐 𝑷(𝑩 𝒇𝒐𝒍𝒍𝒐𝒘𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝑨)
Covid-19 Pandemic to 𝑷(𝑨) = 𝑷(𝒃𝒍𝒖𝒆 𝒎𝒂𝒔𝒌) =
𝟑𝟓 means “the probability of
spread rapidly, Jean
B following the
volunteered to give
P(𝑩 𝒇𝒐𝒍𝒍𝒐𝒘𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝑨) = occurrence of A.
box contains face 𝟏𝟏
𝑷(𝟐𝒏𝒅 𝒃𝒍𝒖𝒆 𝒎𝒂𝒔𝒌) = 𝟑𝟒 the probability of
masks. Consider the
obtaining the second
box contains 14 red
Solution using the formula: mask was affected since
masks, 12 blue
𝑷(𝑨 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑩) = 𝑷(𝑨) ∙ 𝑷(𝑩 𝒇𝒐𝒍𝒍𝒐𝒘𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝑨) the mask was not put
masks, and 9 yellow 12 11
𝑃(𝑏𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏𝑙𝑢𝑒) = 35 ∙ 34 back inside the box.
masks. Suppose that
the two masks are 132 66
= = Thus the number of
drawn one after the 1190 595
Therefore, the probability that both mask was changed. So
other without putting 66
are blue is using the formula, the
back the first mask. 595
probability that both are
Find the probability 66
that both are blue. blue is 595.

𝟏𝟒
2. Consider the box let : 𝑷(𝑨) = 𝑷(𝒓𝒆𝒅 𝒎𝒂𝒔𝒌) = 𝟑𝟓 As you notice, the
contains 14 red 𝟗 𝑛(𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡 ) in the second
𝑷(𝑩) = (𝒚𝒆𝒍𝒍𝒐𝒘 𝒎𝒂𝒔𝒌) =
masks, 12 blue 𝟑𝟒 draw which is the yellow
masks, and 9 yellow 𝑷(𝑨 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑩)= the probability that does not change
masks. Suppose that the first is red and the second is because it has not been
yellow chosen in the first draw.
the two masks are
Solution using the formula:
drawn one after the 𝑷(𝑨 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑩) = 𝑷(𝑨) ∙ 𝑷(𝑩 𝒇𝒐𝒍𝒍𝒐𝒘𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝑨)
The number that
other without putting 14 9 changes is the total
𝑃(𝑟𝑒𝑑, 𝑦𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤) = ∙
back the first mask. 35 34 number of masks that is
What is the probability 126 2 34.
= ÷
that the first is red and 1190 2
63
the second is yellow? =
595
Therefore, the probability that
the first is red and the second is
63
yellow is 595.
𝟒
𝑷(𝟏𝟎) =
𝟓𝟐
𝟒
3. Four cards are 𝑷(𝟗) =
𝟓𝟏
chosen at random 𝟒
𝑷(𝟖) =
from a deck of 52 𝟓𝟎
cards without 𝟒
𝑷(𝟕) =
replacement. What is 𝟒𝟗 As you noticed, from the
the probability of 𝟒 𝟒 𝟒 𝟒 deck of 52, there are 4
choosing a ten, a 𝑷(𝟏𝟎, 𝟗, 𝟖, 𝟕) = ∙ ∙ ∙ cards that is 10, 4 cards
𝟓𝟐 𝟓𝟏 𝟓𝟎 𝟒𝟗
nine, an eight and a 𝟐𝟓𝟔 𝟖 that is 9 as well as the
= ÷
seven in order? 𝟔, 𝟒𝟗𝟕, 𝟒𝟎𝟎 𝟖 rest of the numbers. The
𝟑𝟐 only event that is
=
𝟖𝟏𝟐, 𝟏𝟕𝟓 changing is the total
Therefore, the probability of number each card is
choosing a ten, a nine, an eight chosen.
𝟑𝟐
and a seven in order is 𝟖𝟏𝟐,𝟏𝟕𝟓.

11
 What’s More
GUIDED Practice

Consider the events below and determine if the event dependent or not
dependent. Write your answer in the box provided.
For example:

Event Answers here

Not paying your water bill on time and having your water cut off. Dependent

Activity 3: Dependently Chosen

No. Event Answers here

1. Taking a bike home and finding your favorite movie on cable.

2. Owning a cat and growing your own vegetable garden

3. Winning a card game and running out of milk.

4. Robbing a shop and going to jail.

5. Boarding a plane first and finding a seat.

6. A bag contains 6 black marbles, 9 blue marbles, 4 yellow

marbles, and 2 green marbles. A marble is randomly
selected, replaced, and a second marble is randomly
selected. Find the probability of selecting a black marble,
then a yellow marble.
7 A box of candies contains 10 yema candies, 8 sampaloc
candies, and 6 bucayo candies. Ed randomly chooses a
candy, eats it, and then randomly chooses another candy.
What is the probability that Ed chose a yema candy, and
then a sampaloc candy?
8. A toy box contains 12 toys, 8 stuffed animals, and 3 board
games. Maria randomly chooses 2 toys for the child she is
babysitting to play with. What is the probability that she
chose 2 stuffed animals as the first two choices?
9. A basket contains 6 dalandan, 5 bananas, 4 lansones, and 5
guavas. Dominic randomly chooses one piece of fruit, eats it,
and chooses another piece of fruit. What is the probability
that he chose a banana and then a dalandan?
10. Nick has 4 black pens, 3 blue pens, and 2 red pens in his
school bag. Nick randomly picks two pens out of his school
bag. What is the probability that Nick chose two blue pens, if
he replaced the first pen back in his pocket before choosing
a second pen?

12
Activity 5: Independent Practice

A. Read the situation below and fill in the blank or box with the correct
answer.

Ella and Jean went to a grocery store to buy drinks. They chose from 10
different brands of juice drinks, 6 different brands of carbonated drinks, and 3
different brands of mineral water. What is the probability that Ella and Jean both
chose juice drinks, if Ella randomly chose first and liked the first brand she picked
up?

Guide Question Figure/ Expression

What is the probability that Ella
1. In the given We let 𝐴= the probability and Jean both chose juice
situation, what is the ___________ drinks, if Ella randomly chose
probability that Ella ___________________ first and liked the first brand
chose a juice drink? _________________ she picked up?
.
𝑛(𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡) =No. of juice
drinks=_____ Representation:

𝑛(𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡) = Total No.

of all the
drinks=____+___+___=19

𝑛(𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡) Solution:
𝑃(𝐴) = =
𝑛(𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡)

2. What is the Let 𝐵=_______________

probability that Jean _____________________
chose a juice drink ? _____________________

𝑛(𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡) =No. of
______________ =_____ Conclusion:

𝑛(𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡) = Total

No. of all the drinks
=____+___+___=___

𝑛(𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡)
𝑃(𝐵) = =
𝑛(𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡)

13
 B. Use the Formula of Dependent Event to find its probability.

Event Representation
Solution & Conclusion
Example: Let:
June has a box of 7
𝑃(𝐴) = 𝑃(1 𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑡𝑒) =
beans to plant. It 14
6
contains 7 white beans P(𝐵 𝑓𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐴) = 𝑃(1 𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑡𝑒) = 13
and 7 black beans 7
P(𝐶 𝑓𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐵) = 𝑃(1 𝑟𝑒𝑑) =
12
seeds. As he plants,
what is the probability 𝑃(𝐴, 𝐵, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐶) = the probability of drawing 2 white beans and 1
of drawing 2 white black bean in succession
beans and 1 black
bean in succession? 𝑃(𝐴, 𝐵, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐶) = 𝑃(1 𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑡𝑒, 1 𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑡𝑒, 1 𝑟𝑒𝑑)
7 6 7 294 42 7
= ∙ ∙ = ÷ =
14 13 12 2184 42 52

Therefore, probability of drawing 2 white beans and 1 black

7
bean in succession is 52.

YOUR TURN Representation

Solution & Conclusion

1. A box of chocolates
contains 10 milk
chocolates, 8 dark
chocolates, and 7 white
chocolates. Charlene
randomly chooses a
chocolate, eats it and
then randomly chooses
another chocolate.
What is the probability
that Charlene chooses:

a. a milk chocolate,
and then a white
chocolate?
b. a dark chocolate and
a milk chocolate?
c.a milk chocolate, and
then 2 white
chocolates?

14
Activity 6: Practice Pa More!

Use the Formula of Dependent Event to find its probability:

Problem Representation
Solution & Conclusion

1. A card is chosen at random from a

standard deck of 52 playing cards.
Without replacing it, a second card is
chosen. What is the probability that:

a. the first card chosen is a king and

the second card chosen is a queen?

b. both cards chosen are aces?

c. the first card chosen is a heart and

the second card is a diamond?

2. A basket contains 6 dalandan, 5

bananas, 4 lansones, and 5 guavas.
Ayah randomly chooses one piece of
fruit, eats it, and chooses another fruits.
What is the probability that:

a. she chose a banana, a guava then a

dalandan?
b. She chose 2 lansones and a guava?
c. she chose a dalandan, a guava, and a
banana?

15
3. Ms. Ompoy needs two students to help
her with a math demonstration for her
class of 18 girls and 12 boys. She
randomly chooses one student who
comes to the front of the room. She
then chooses a second student from
those still seated. What is the probability
that:

a. both students chosen are girls?

b. both students chosen are boys?
c. she first chose a girl then a boy?

4. A toy box contains 12 toys, 8 stuffed

animals, and 3 board games. Maria
randomly chooses 2 toys for the child
she is babysitting to play with. What is
the probability that:

a. she chose 2 stuffed animals as

the first two choices?
b. she chose a stuffed animal and a
board game?

16
 5. In a shipment of 20 cellphones, 4 are
defective. Three cellphones are randomly
selected and tested. What is the
probability that:
a. all three are defective if the first and
second ones are not replaced after
being tested?
b. two are not defective and the third one
is defective if the first and second ones
are not replaced after being tested?

Now, you have learned how to solve problems on dependent events. Few more
activities and I know you will master this lesson. Let us continue and enjoy. ☺

17
 What I Have Learned

Activity 7: Defend the Event.

Covering Ideas
1. Two events are dependent, if the occurrence of one event _____________
the probability of another event.

2. State a formula for dependent event in the box.

What I Can Do
This section is an opportunity for you to apply what you have learned
in this lesson in real-life situations. You are asked to do certain tasks
that will demonstrate your understanding of probability of dependent
events.

Activity 8: Real Na Real

1. Describe a situation in your life that involves dependent events. Explain why the
events are dependent.

2. Formulate your own problems involving dependent events.

18
 Assessment

Choose the letter of the best answer. Take note of the items that you were not able
to answer correctly and find out the right answer as you go through this module.

1. It is an event that influences the probability of other events – or their

probability of occurring is affected by other events.
a. Dependent event b. conditional probability
c. Independent event d. union of event

2. Which among the following are examples of dependent event?

i. Not paying your water bill on time and having your water cut off.
ii. Eating too much and getting fatter.
iii. Owning a cat and growing your own vegetable garden

a. i b. iii c. i & ii d. i, ii & iii

3. Which among the following is not an example of dependent event?

i. Not paying your water bill on time and having your water cut off.
ii. Eating too much and getting fatter.
iii. Entering the bus first and finding a good seat.
iv. Owning a cat and growing your own vegetable garden

a. i b. iii c. i & ii d. i, ii & ii

For items 2-5:
A bag contains 14 red balls, 12 blue balls, and 9 yellow balls. Suppose that
two balls are drawn one after the other without putting back the first ball.
4. What is the probability that both are blue?
65 66 67 68
a. 595 b. 595 c. 595 d. 595

5. What is the probability that the first is red and the second is yellow?
14 9 8 9
a. 35 b. 34 c. 85 d. 85

6. What is the probability that the first is red and the second is blue?
14 12 12 9
a. 35 b. 34 c. 85 d. 85

7. What is the probability that both are yellow?

59 36 36 9
a. 35 b. 595 c. 595 d. 595

8. Two cards are chosen at random from a deck of 52 cards without

replacement. What is the probability of choosing two kings?
4 1 1 9
a. 663 b. 221 c. 69 d. 663

19
 9. Two cards are chosen at random from a deck of 52 cards without
replacement. What is the probability that the first card is a jack and the
second card is a ten?
3 1 4 1
a. 676 b.169 c. 663 d.663

10. On a math test, 5 out of 20 students got an A. If three students are chosen at
random without replacement, what is the probability that all three got an A on
the test?
1 25 3 2
a. 114 b.1368 c. 400 d.115

11. Three cards are chosen at random from a deck of 52 cards without
replacement. What is the probability of choosing an ace, a king, and a queen
in order?
1 8 8 1
a. 2197 b.5525 c. 16,575 d.6,578

12. A school survey found that 7 out of 30 students walk to school. If four students
are selected at random without replacement, what is the probability that all
four walk to school?
343 1 7 1
a. 93,960 b.783 c. 6750 d.6,578

13. June has a box of beans to plant. It contains 7 white beans and 7 black beans
seeds. As he plants, what is the probability of drawing 2 white beans and 1
black bean in succession?
7 7 6 7
a. 52 b.14 c. 13 d.12

For items 14-15:

Ms. Ella needs two students to help her with a math demonstration for her
class of 18 girls and 12 boys. She randomly chooses one student who comes
to the front of the room. She then chooses a second student from those still
seated.

14. What is the probability that both students chosen are girls?
18 12 51 17
a. 30 b. 30 c. 145 d. 29

15. What is the probability that both students chosen are boys?
18 22 51 17
a. 30 b. 145 c. 145 d. 29

20
 Additional Activity: Dependently Chosen 2.

A. Determine if the event is dependent or not dependent. Write D if the event is

dependent and N if the event is not dependent on the space provided.
_______1. Robbing a shop and going to jail.
_______2. Tossing a coin and rolling a die.
_______3. Parking and getting a parking ticket
_______4. Choosing a card and replacing it, then choosing another card
_______5. Driving a car and getting in a traffic accident

B. Solve the hidden quotation by answering the following problems. Choose your
answer inside the box below and write the letter that corresponds to its number
found underlined at the bottom.

As part of the recreational activities done during the Teacher’s Day

celebration, faculty of KNHS Annex- La Roxas goes bowling at SM. On one shelf of
the bowling alley there are 6 green and 4 red bowling balls. One teacher selects a
bowling ball. A second teacher then selects a ball from the same shelf. What is the
probability that one teacher picked a red bowling ball followed by the 2 teachers that
picked the same green bowling balls?

1. How many green bowling balls are there?

2. How many red bowling balls are there?
3. How many bowling balls are there all in all?
4. What is the formula for dependent event?
5. Given, that the first teacher picked a red bowling ball, how many red bowling
balls are left?
6. Given, that the first teacher picked a red bowling ball and the second teacher
picked a green ball, how many green bowling balls left?
7. Given, that the first teacher picked a red bowling ball and the second teacher
picked a green ball, how many bowling balls left?
8. What is the probability of red bowling balls?
9. What is the probability of the second teacher picked green bowling ball?
10. What is the probability of the thirds teacher picked green bowling ball?
11. What is the probability that one teacher picked a red bowling and the second
teacher picked a green bowling ball?
12. What is the probability that one teacher picked a red bowling ball followed by
the 2 teachers that picked the same green bowling ball?
13. What is the formula for probability of event?

5 1 4 𝑛(𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡)
C. 10 N.6 W.3 A.4 O. 8 R.6 M. I. 𝑃(𝐸) = 𝑛(𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡).
15
4 6 6
S.8 H. 10 T.9 F.5 U.10 E. 𝑃(𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) ∙ 𝑃(𝐵 𝑓𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐴)

___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
6 12 10 11 9 8 4 4 12 12 10 12 7 10 6 10 9 8 4 12 7

___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ __ ___ ___ __
4 5 13 7 4 11 4 1 3 10 12 12 4 3 9 7 8 13 7 10 5 1

-PUBLILIUS SYRUS

21
 Lesson

What I Need to Know

In this lesson, you will work on independent events, also:
• Define and illustrate independent events
• Find the probability of independent events
• Appreciate the concept of finding the probability of independent event in real
life

What I Know
PRE-TEST

Choose the letter of the best answer. Take note of the items that you were not able
to answer correctly and find out the right answer as you go through this module.

1. It is an event that influences the probability of other events – or their

probability of occurring is not affected by other events.
a. Dependent event b. conditional probability
c. Independent event d. union of event

2. Which among the following are examples of independent event?

i. Landing on tails after tossing a coin and rolling a 3 on a single 6-sided
die
ii. Not paying your water bill on time and having your water cut off.
iii. Owning a cat and growing your own vegetable garden

a. i b. ii c. i & ii d. i & iii

3. Which among the following is not an example of independent event?

i. Landing on tails after tossing a coin and rolling a 3 on a single 6-sided
die
ii. Not paying your water bill on time and having your water cut off.
iii. Owning a cat and growing your own vegetable garden
a. i b. ii c. i & ii d. i, ii & iii

22
For items 4-7:
A bag contains 10 red marbles, 6 blue marbles, and 4 yellow marbles. A
marble is drawn at random and the color is noted and then put back inside the
box. Then, another marble is drawn at random.
4. What is the probability that both are blue?
9 1 3 1
a. 100 b. 10 c.20 d. 25

5. What is the probability that the first is red and the second is yellow?
9 1 3 4
a. 100 b. 10 c.20 d. 25

6. What is the probability that the first is red and the second is blue?
9 1 3 4
a. 100 b. 10 c.20 d. 25

7. What is the probability that both are yellow?

9 1 3 1
a. 100 b. 10 c.20 d. 25

8. Two cards are chosen at random from a deck of 52 cards. It is then replaced
and a second card is chosen. What is the probability of choosing two kings?
4 1 2 1
a. 69 b. 23 c. 69 d. 69

9. Two cards are chosen at random from a deck of 52 cards. It is then replaced
and a second card is chosen .What is the probability that the first card is a
jack and the second card is a ten?
4 1 2 1
a. 69 b. 23 c. 69 d. 69

10. A coin is tossed and a single 6-sided die is rolled. Find the probability of
landing on the head side of the coin and rolling a 3 on the die.
1 1 1 3
a. b. c. d.
12 6 2 4

11. Three cards are chosen at random from a deck of 52 cards It is then replaced.
What is the probability of choosing an ace, a king, and a queen in order?
1 8 8 1
a. 2197 b.5525 c. 16,575 d.6,578

12. A school survey found that 3 out of 10 students walk to school. If 3 students
are selected at random with replacement, what is the probability that all 3 walk
to school?
11 17 27 37
a. 999 b.1000 c. 1000 d.999

13. A jar contains 3 red, 5 green, 2 blue and 6 yellow marbles. A marble is chosen
at random from the jar. After replacing it, a second marble is chosen. What is
the probability of choosing a green and then a yellow marble?
15 15 15 15
a. 125 b.127 c. 128 d.12

23
14. A survey found that 72% of people in Bukidnon like pizza. If 3 people are
selected at random, what is the probability that all three like pizza?
a. 37% b. 38% c. 39% d. 40%

15. A survey showed that 65% of all children in La Roxas dislike eating
vegetables. If 4 children are chosen at random, what is the probability that all
4 dislike eating vegetables? (Round your answer to the nearest percent.)
a. 18% b. 2% c. 26% d. 28%

How was the pre-test so far? Did you get the answers correctly? For you to be
guided and for you to better understand our lesson. Let us continue by answering
this chain of activities.

24
 What’s In

The previous lesson focused on problem solving involving probability. In this lesson
you will learned to solve problems involving probability of independent events.

Activity 1: FACT OR BLUFF

Identify if the events are dependent or not. If dependent, write FACT,
otherwise BLUFF.

No. Events Answer

1. Buying a lottery ticket and finding a peso on the floor

2. Parking illegally and getting a parking ticket. Parking illegally

increases your chances of getting a ticket.

3. Taking a cab home and finding your favorite movie on cable

4. Getting a parking ticket and playing basketball in the gym.

5. Driving a car and getting in a traffic accident

Guide Questions:

a. How did you find the activity?

b. What events are bluffs?

c. If the Facts are dependent what could possibly be the bluffs?

25
 What’s New
Let’s explore!

The bluffs in activity 1 are examples of another type of event. For us to

understand better what is this type of event let’s answer activity 2.

Activity 2: WE ARE FREE!

Rearrange the following scramble letter to form the word that answer to the
clues. Write your answer on the blank and cross out the letter that form the word and
place only the “left over letter” in the box on the right. When you have filled in all the
boxes, they will form the word for our topic this day. Good luck and enjoy.

1. A process by which an
observation is obtained. 1 I T E X N PI REME N I

2. A field of mathematics that

deals with chance. 2 P B A R O I B T Y L I N

3. the number of times an

experiment is repeated 3 L I A D T R

4. An observed result of an
experiment 4 C O M EE OUT

5. The set of all possible outcomes

of an experiment 5 S M AE LP E C APSP

6. A set whose elements are some

outcomes of an experiment 6 E VE E N T

7. An event with one possible

outcome 7 S M P E L I N

8. An element of a sample space

8 S A M DE LP PIN OT
9. Consists of two or more simple
events
9 P U OD N C O M E
10. Events that cannot happen at
the same time
10 TUALU MYL CLUXEN IXEV
11. A type of event that the
occurrence of one event
influences the probability of 11 T D E E P N E D N T
another event.
Now, read the left over word. If you got it correctly then you have already the idea of
our lesson for today. Let’s discover for more.

26
 What Is It

Activity 3: Let’s Begin!

In order to prevent Covid-19 Pandemic to spread rapidly, Jean volunteered to

give box contains face masks. Consider the box contains 14 red masks, 12 blue
masks, and 9 yellow masks. A mask is drawn at random and the color is noted and
put back inside the box, then another mask is drawn at random. Find the
probability that the first is red and the second is blue.

Guide Question Figure/ Expression Discussion

𝑛(𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡)
The 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝐸𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 𝑛(𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡)
1. In the given We let 𝐴= be the 𝑛(𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡)
situation, what is the probability of the red or 𝑃(𝐸) = .
𝑛(𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡)
probability if the first mask drawn So, if we let 𝐴= the probability if the first
blue mask was drawn blue mask was drawn in the box. We
𝑛(𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡) =No. of blue
in the box? can say that
masks=14 𝑛(𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡) 12
. 𝑃(𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑘 𝑜𝑟 𝐴) = ( =
)
𝑛 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡 35
𝑛(𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡) = Total
No. of all the
So the 𝑃(𝐴) or the probability if the first
masks=14+12+9=35 12
blue mask was drawn in the box is 35
𝑛(𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡) 14
𝑃(𝐴) = =
𝑛(𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡) 35
2. What is the Let 𝐵=the probability of 𝑃(𝑏𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑘 𝑜𝑟 𝐵) = 𝑛(𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡) = 12
probability of the 𝑛(𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡) 35
the second mask was
second mask was drawn.
drawn i? As you notice in the example of
𝑛(𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡) =No. of blue independent event the number of
masks=12 events in the second draw does not
change nor decrease because the two
(𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡) = Total No. situations are independent to each
of all the other. The statement “ put back
masks=14+12+9=35 inside the box” is the proof that the
two events are independent to each
𝑛(𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡) 12 other.
𝑃(𝐵) = =
𝑛(𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡) 35
14
3. Is the probability of 𝑃(𝐴) =
35
probability of The probability of getting a blue mask
obtaining the second the first in the second draw is not affected by
mask affected after the probability of getting the first mask
12
getting the first mask in 𝑃(𝐵) = probability of since it was put back in the box.
35
both situations? the second

4. What conclusion The event shows that the occurrence

can you make about of one event does not influence
the event in the given the probability of another event.
situation?

27
 Figure/ Expression Discussion
Independent events
are not affected by In Symbol: If two events, A and B, are
previous events. 𝑷(𝑨 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑩) = 𝑷(𝑨) ∙ 𝑷(𝑩) independent, then the
- Two events are Or probability of both events
independent if the 𝑷(𝑨 ∩ 𝑩) = 𝑷(𝑨) · 𝑷(𝑩). occurring is the product of the
outcome of one event probability of A and the
does not affect the probability of B.
outcome of the other 𝑛(𝐸𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑖𝑛 𝐴)
event. Meaning the 𝑃(𝐴)
𝑛(𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒)
events have no
influence to each 𝑛(𝐸𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑖𝑛 𝐵)
other. 𝑃(𝐵)
𝑛(𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒)
Examples:
In real life: The two events of “having
black hair” and “working in a
The color of your hair has absolutely no effect on bank” are completely
where you work. independent of one another.

1. Rolling a 5 on a single 6-sided die and

landing on heads after tossing a coin.

2. Choosing a marble from a jar and landing on

heads after tossing a coin.

3. Choosing a 4 from a deck of cards, replacing

it, and then choosing an ace as the second
card.

4. Rolling a 4 on a single 6-sided die, and then

rolling a 1 on a second roll of the die.

5. Buying a lottery ticket and finding a peso on

the floor (your odds of finding a peso does
not depend on you buying a lottery ticket).

6. Taking a jeepney home and finding your

favorite movie on cable.

7. Getting a parking ticket and playing

basketball.

28
Examples Figure/ Expression Discussion

2. Consider the box In the first draw, the In this situation , the
contains 14 red probability of getting red probability of getting a blue
masks, 12 blue mask is mask in the second draw is
masks, and 9 yellow 14 𝑛𝑜.𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑘𝑠 not affected by the probability
𝑃 (𝐴) = 35.𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑜.𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑘𝑠
masks. A mask is of getting the first mask since
drawn at random and it was put back inside the
the color is noted and In the second draw, the box. Therefore, the two
put back inside the probability of getting blue events are independent to
box, then another mask is each other.
12 𝑛𝑜.𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑘𝑠
mask is drawn at 𝑃 (𝑩) 35.𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑜.𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑘𝑠
random. Find the So using the formula, the
probability that the So, probability that the first is red
24
first is red and the 𝑃(𝑟𝑒𝑑, 𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑡𝑒) = 𝑃(𝐴) ∙ 𝑃(𝐵) and the second is blue is 175.
second is blue. 14 12
= ∙
35 35
168 7
= ÷
1225 7
24
=
175

Using the formula, In tossing a die, there are 6

1. A Fair die is 𝑷(𝑨 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑩) = 𝑷(𝑨) ∙ 𝑷(𝑩) total outcomes. This event
tossed twice. The 𝑃 (𝐸1 ) = (5 𝑜𝑟 6) shows independent event so
Find the 2 1 the probability of getting 5 or
= =
probability of 6 3 6 does not affect the
getting a 5 or 6 𝑃 (𝐸2 ) = (1,2 𝑜𝑟 3) probability of getting 1,2,or 3
on the first 3 1 in the second toss.
= =
toss and a 6 2 𝑃 (𝐸1 )𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑒 𝑎𝑠 𝑷(𝑨)
1,2,or 3 in the They are independent so and
second toss. 𝑃(𝐸1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐸2 ) = 𝑃 (𝐸1 ) ∙ 𝑃 (𝐸2 ) 𝑃 (𝐸2 )𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑒 𝑎𝑠 𝑷(𝑩)
1 1 1
= 3×2= 6 So, the probability of getting
a 5 or 6 on the first toss and a
1,2,or 3 in the second toss is
1
.
6

29
 What’s More

Activity 4: Independently Chosen

Let us see how much you already know about this module. Be brave, be
independent.
A. Consider the events below and determine if the event Independent or
Dependent. Write your answer in the box provided.

No. Event

1. Not paying your water bill on time and having your water cut
off.
2. Owning a cat and growing your own vegetable garden
3. Winning a card game and running out of milk.
4. Robbing a shop and going to jail.
5. Landing on heads after tossing a coin and rolling a 5 on a
single 6-sided die.
6. Choosing a card and replacing it, then choosing another
card
7 Landing on heads after tossing a coin and rolling a 5 on a
single 6-sided die
8. Parking and getting a parking ticket
9. Driving a car and getting in a traffic accident
10. Boarding a plane first and finding a seat.

30
Activity 5: I can be Independent!
A. Read and solve each independent event problem carefully. Write your
solutions on the space provided after each questions.

Problem Representation Solution &

Conclusion

1. A dresser drawer contains one pair of socks with

each of the following colors: blue, brown, red, white and
black. Each pair is folded together in a matching set. You
reach into the sock drawer and choose a pair of socks
without looking. You replace this pair and then choose
another pair of socks. What is the probability that you will
choose the white pair of socks both times?

2. A coin is tossed and a single 6-sided die is rolled. Find

the probability of landing on the head side of the coin and
rolling a 5 on the die.

3. A card is chosen at random from a deck of 52 cards.

It is then replaced and a second card is chosen. What is
the probability of choosing a jack and then an eight?

4. A jar contains 3 red, 5 green, 2 blue and 6 yellow

marbles. A marble is chosen at random from the jar. After
replacing it, a second marble is chosen. What is the
probability of choosing a green and then a yellow marble?

31
Activity 6: More Independent Practice

Example: A nationwide survey found that 72% of people in the Philippines like
adobo. If 2 people are selected at random, what is the probability that:

a. both like adobo

b. that the first one likes adobo and the second one isn’t.

Using the formula P(A∩B) = P(A) · P(B).

Solution: one person like adobo doesn’t have an effect on whether the second
randomly selected person is. Therefore, the events are independent and the
probability can be found by multiplying the probabilities together:

First one and second likes adobo : 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) · 𝑃(𝐵) = 0.72 × 0.72 = 0.52%
First one likes adobo, the second one isn’t: 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 = 𝑃(𝐴) · 𝑃(𝐵)
= 0.72 × (1 – 0.72) = 0.20

In the second part, I multiplied by the complement. As the probability of liking adobo
0.72, then the probability of not being a fan is 1 – .72, or .28.

Conclusion: Therefore, the probability that 2 people selected randomly like adobo
is 0.52 𝑜𝑟 52% and the probability that the first one likes adobo and the second one
isn’t is 0.20 𝑜𝑟 20%.

When a small number of items are selected from a large population without
replacement, the probability of each event changes so slightly that the amount of
change is negligible. Now, it’s your turn. Get ready to be INDEPENDENT.

1. A school survey found that 8 out of 10 students like pizza. If three students
are chosen at random with replacement, what is the probability that all three
students like pizza?

2. A survey showed that 65% of all children in Maramag dislike eating

vegetables. If 4 children are chosen at random, what is the probability that all
4 dislike eating vegetables? (Round your answer to the nearest percent.)

3. A poll finds that 60% of La Roxas consider themselves basketball fans. If you
randomly pick two people from the population, what is the probability the first
person is a basketball fan and the second is as well? That the first one is and
the second one isn’t?

32
 What I Have Learned

Activity 7: Ideally Independent.

Covering Ideas
1. Two events are independent, if the occurrence of one event _____________
the probability of another event.

2. State a formula for independent event in the box.

3. When a small number of items are selected from a large population _______
replacement, the probability of each event changes so slightly that the amount
of change is negligible

What I Can Do
This section is an opportunity for you to apply what you have learned in this lesson
in real-life situations. You are asked to do certain tasks that will demonstrate your
understanding of probability of independent events.

Activity 8: Real Na Real

1. Describe a situation in your life that involves independent events. Explain why the
events are independent.

2. Formulate your own problems involving independent events.

33
 Assessment:

Choose and encircle the letter of the best answer.

1. It is an event that influences the probability of other events – or their

probability of occurring is not affected by other events.
a. Dependent event b. conditional probability
c. Independent event d. union of event

2. Which among the following are examples of independent event?

i. Landing on tails after tossing a coin and rolling a 3 on a single 6-sided
die
ii. Not paying your water bill on time and having your water cut off.
iii. Owning a cat and growing your own vegetable garden

a. i b. ii c. i & ii d. i & iii

3. Which among the following is not an example of independent event?

i. Landing on tails after tossing a coin and rolling a 3 on a single 6-sided
die
ii. Not paying your water bill on time and having your water cut off.
iii. Owning a cat and growing your own vegetable garden
a. i b. ii c. i & ii d. i, ii & iii

For items 2-7:

A bag contains 10 red marbles, 6 blue marbles, and 4 yellow marbles. A
marble is drawn at random and the color is noted and then put back inside the
box. Then, another marble is drawn at random.
4. What is the probability that both are blue?
9 1 3 1
a. 100 b. 10 c.20 d. 25

5. What is the probability that the first is red and the second is yellow?
9 1 3 4
a. 100 b. 10 c.20 d. 25

6. What is the probability that the first is red and the second is blue?
9 1 3 4
a. 100 b. 10 c.20 d. 25

7. What is the probability that both are yellow?

9 1 3 1
a. 100 b. 10 c.20 d. 25

8. Two cards are chosen at random from a deck of 52 cards. It is then replaced
and a second card is chosen. What is the probability of choosing two kings?
4 1 2 1
a. 69 b. 23 c. 69 d. 69

34
9. Two cards are chosen at random from a deck of 52 cards. It is then replaced
and a second card is chosen .What is the probability that the first card is a
jack and the second card is a ten?
4 1 2 1
a. 69 b. 23 c. 69 d. 69

10. A coin is tossed and a single 6-sided die is rolled. Find the probability of
landing on the head side of the coin and rolling a 3 on the die.
1 1 1 3
a. b.6 c. 2 d.4
12

11. Three cards are chosen at random from a deck of 52 cards It is then replaced.
What is the probability of choosing an ace, a king, and a queen in order?
1 8 8 1
a. 2197 b.5525 c. 16,575 d.6,578

12. A school survey found that 3 out of 10 students walk to school. If 3 students
are selected at random with replacement, what is the probability that all 3 walk
to school?
11 17 27 37
a. 999 b.1000 c. 1000 d.999

13. A jar contains 3 red, 5 green, 2 blue and 6 yellow marbles. A marble is chosen
at random from the jar. After replacing it, a second marble is chosen. What is
the probability of choosing a green and then a yellow marble?
15 15 15 15
a. b.127 c. 128 d.12
125

14. A survey found that 72% of people in Bukidnon like pizza. If 3 people are
selected at random, what is the probability that all three like pizza?
a. 37% b. 38% c. 39% d. 40%

15. A survey showed that 65% of all children in La Roxas dislike eating
vegetables. If 4 children are chosen at random, what is the probability that all
4 dislike eating vegetables? (Round your answer to the nearest percent.)
a. 18% b. 20% c. 26% d. 28%

35
 Additional Activity: Independently Chosen 2.
A. Solve the hidden quotation by answering the following problems. Choose your
answer inside the box below and write the letter that corresponds to its number
found underlined at the bottom. Be careful in choosing the letter. Enjoy.

1. A jar contains 6 red balls, 4 green balls, 3 white balls and 7 yellow balls. Two
balls are chosen from the jar, with replacement. What is the probability that
both balls chosen are green?

1. How many red balls are there?

2. How many green balls are there?
3. How many white balls are there?
4. How many yellow balls are there?
5. How many balls are there all in all?
6. What is the formula for probability of event?
7. What is the probability of red balls?
8. What is the probability of green balls?
9. What is the probability of white balls?
10. What is the probability of yellow balls?
11. What is the formula for independent event?
12. What is the probability that both balls chosen are green?
13. What is the probability that both balls chosen are yellow?
14. What is the probability that the first ball is red and the second is yellow?
15. What is the probability that the first ball is white and the second is red?

𝟒 3 𝑛(𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡)
A or Y. 4 N.6 W.3 G.20 O.𝟐𝟎 R.20 Y. 7 L. 𝑃(𝐸) = 𝑛(𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡).

4 1 7 6
K or W.3 H. 10 T.25 I.20 U.20 N. 𝑃(𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) ∙ 𝑃(𝐵 )

49 𝟐𝟏 𝟗 7
D or V.6 H. 400 S. 𝟐𝟎𝟎 H. 𝟐𝟎𝟎 B. 19

___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
2 6 6 8 7 9 1 10 5 11 10 12 4

___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ . ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
6 10 13 14 10 11 12 15 8 7 5 15 12 6 13 12 7 14
___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___, ___ ___ ___ ___ , ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ __ __.
14 12 9 10 1 13 12 15 13 11 12 8 12 15 10 11 3 3 13 6 6

-BLAISE PASCAL

36
 Lesson

3
What I Need to Know

In this lesson, you will work on solving conditional probability, also:

• Define and illustrate conditional probability of dependent event
• Solve problems on conditional probability of dependent event
• Appreciate the concept of solving problems on conditional probability of
dependent event in real life

What I Know
PRE-TEST

Choose and encircle the letter of the best answer. Take note of the items that you
were not able to answer correctly and find out the right answer as you go through
this module.

1. It is the probability of one event occurring with some relationship to one or

more other events.
a. Dependent event b. conditional probability
c. Independent event d. compound events

2. It is an event that influences the probability of other events – or their

probability of occurring is affected by other events.
a. Dependent event b. conditional probability
c. Independent event d. union of event

3. It is an event that influences the probability of other events – or their

probability of occurring is not affected by other events.
a. Dependent event b. conditional probability
c. Independent event d. union of event

4. It is the formula for conditional probability of dependent events.

a. 𝑃(𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐵)𝑃(𝐴|𝐵) b. 𝑃(𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐵)𝑃(𝐴|𝐶)
c. 𝑃(𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐵)𝑃(𝐵|𝐴) d. 𝑃(𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐶)𝑃(𝐴|𝐵)

37
 5. At a basketball game, 80% of the fans cheered for team B. In the same
crowd, 20% of the fans were waving banners and cheering for team B. What
is the probability that a fan waved a banner given that the fan cheered for
team B?
a. 25% b. 30% c. 35% d. 40%

6. A math teacher gave her class two tests. Twenty-five percent of the class
passed both tests and 42% of the class passed the first test. What percent of
those who passed the first test also passed the second test?
a. 50% b. 55% c. 60% d. 65%

7. A jar contains green and red marbles. Two marbles are chosen without
replacement. The probability of selecting a green marble and then a red
marble is 0.34, and the probability of selecting a green marble on the first
draw is 0.47. What is the probability of selecting a red marble on the second
draw, given that the first marble drawn was green?
a. 71% b. 72% c. 73% d. 74%

8. The probability that it is Monday and that a student is absent is 0.03. Since
there are 5 school days in a week, the probability that it is Monday is 0.2.
What is the probability that a student is absent given that today is Monday?
a. 30% b. 25% c. 20% d. 15%

9. At Kuya NHS Annex- La Roxas, the probability that a student takes Livelihood
and SPORTS is 0.087. The probability that a student takes Livelihood is 0.68.
What is the probability that a student takes SPORTS given that the student is
taking Livelihood?
a. 13% b. 14% c. 15% d. 16%

10. In Bukidnon, 48% of all teenagers like basketball and 39% of all teenagers
likes basketball and volleyball. What is the probability that a teenager likes
volleyball given that the teenager likes basketball?
a. 73% b. 80% c. 81% d. 91%

For items 11 and 12: A family has two children.

11. What is the probability that the younger child is a boy given that at least one
of the children is a boy?
1 2 4 5
a. 3 b. 3 c. 3 d. 3

12. What is the probability that the younger child is a boy given that at least one of
the children is a boy?
1 2 4 5
a. 3 b. 3 c. 3 d. 3

13. At a middle school, 18% of all students play football and basketball and 32%
of all students play football. What is the probability that a student plays
basketball given that the student plays football?
a. 177% b. 58% c. 57% d. 56%

38
14. In La Roxas, 54% of all children get an allowance and 41% of all children get
an allowance and do household chores. What is the probability that a child
does household chores given that the child gets an allowance?
a. 75% b. 76% c. 85% d. 131%

15. In Maramag, 80% of all households have a television. 41% of all households
have a television and a VCR. What is the probability that a household has a
VCR given that it has a television?
a. 33% b. 41% c. 51% d. 172%

How was the pre-test so far? Did you get the answers correctly? For you to be
guided and for you to better understand our lesson. Let us continue by answering
the next activities.

39
 What’s In

After studying the dependent and independent events, we are now going to
learn about conditional probability. Conditional probability plays a key role in many
practical applications in probability. This lesson will expose you to situations in which
you could make prediction or make decision as you solve problems in conditional
probability. Let’s begin by answering activity 1.

Activity 1: Probability with Condition

Consider the situation and answer the questions that follow.

Roy bought four different batteries. Of these four, one is defective. Two are to
be selected at random for use on a particular day.

Guide Questions:

1. Draw a tree diagram associated with the experiment of selecting two batteries
from among four, in which one is defective.

2. List the sample space. How many outcomes are there?

3. Find the probability that the second that the second battery selected is not
defective.

4. What if you find the probability that the second battery selected is not
defective, given that the first was not defective?

What’s New
Let’s explore!
Activity 2: Exploring Condition Further
Consider the situation and answer the question that follows.
First test Second test

Kim took two tests. The probability of her passing both tests is 0.6. The
probability of her passing the first test is 0.8. What is the probability of her passing
the second test given that she has passed the first test?

40
 What Is It

Discussion

In activity 1, a condition was given when you are asked to find the probability
of an event. This shows an example of probability involving conditions which is
reffered to as conditional probability. To understand conditional probability further, let
us go back to the two activities one by one and try to check if we have the same
answers.

1. Roy bought four different batteries. Of these four, one is defective. Two are to
be selected at random for use on a particular day.

Guide Question Figure/ Expression Discussion

In making a tree diagram,
1. Draw a tree diagram the nondefective
associated with the batteries are represented
experiment of selecting by g while the defective
two batteries from battery is represented by
among four, in which d.
one is defective.

2. List the sample Sample space: 12 As you noticed, it will be

space. How many (𝑔1 , 𝑔2 ), (𝑔1 , 𝑔3 ), (𝑔1 , 𝑑), easy to write the sample
outcomes are there? (𝑔 , 𝑔 ), (𝑔2 , 𝑔3 ), (𝑔2 , 𝑑) space following the tree
{ 2 1 } diagram.
(𝑔3 , 𝑔1 ), (𝑔3 , 𝑔2 ), (𝑔3 , 𝑑),
(𝑑, 𝑔1 ), (𝑑, 𝑔2 ), (𝑑, 𝑔3 )

3. Find the probability 9 3 You can find the

𝑃 = (𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 𝑖𝑠 𝑔) = 𝑜𝑟
that the second battery 12 4 probability that the
selected is not second battery selected
defective. is not defective by
counting all the samples
that has g in the sample
space may it be g1,g2,or
g3
4. What if you find the 6 You can solve this by
𝑃 𝑔2 ∩ 𝑔1 12 2 finding the intersection of
probability that the 𝑃(𝑔2 |𝑔1 ) = = =
second battery 𝑃 𝑔1 9 3 the two given batteries
selected is not 12 6
which is divided by the
defective, given that 12
the first was not given that the first was
9
defective? not defective which is .
12
2
That is why we have .
3

41
 Guide question number 4 is an example of conditional probability of dependent
event. For us to understand more about conditional probability let us look at your
answer and my answer in activity 2.

First test Second test

Kim took two tests. The probability of her passing both tests is 0.6. The
probability of her passing the first test is 0.8. What is the probability of her passing
the second test given that she has passed the first test?

Guide Question Figure/ Expression/Solution Discussion

𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) This problem shows a
1. Does the problem 𝑃(𝐵|𝐴) = 𝑖𝑓 𝑃(𝐴) ≠ 0. conditional probability since
𝑃(𝐴)
shows a conditional it asks us to find the
probability? probability that the second
test was passed given that
the first test was passed.
The conditional probability
of an event B occurring
given that event A has
occurred. This formula is
derived from multiplication
rule. When two events, A
and B, are dependent, the
probability of both events
occurring is 𝑃(𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵) =
𝑃(𝐵)𝑃(𝐴|𝐵)Also,𝑃(𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵) =
𝑃(𝐴)𝑃(𝐵|𝐴)
2. we can have this solution: So going back to our
Let A= be probability of her activity, the probability of
passing the first test her passing the second test
B= the probability of her given that she has passed
passing both tests is 0.6 the first test is obtained by
dividing the probability of
𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) her passing both tests is
𝑃(𝐵|𝐴) =
𝑃(𝐴) 0.6 and the probability of
0.6 her passing the first test is
= 0.8.
0.8
= 0.75 𝑜𝑟 75%

Therefore, the the probability of

her passing the second test
given that she has passed the
first test is 0.75 𝑜𝑟 75%.

42
 What’s More

GUIDED Practice

You can look into activity 2 discussion for guidance in answering this activity.
Answer the activity below with the guides before you will do it on your own.

Be guided by this.

How to find the Conditional Probability from a word problem?

Step 1: Write out the Conditional Probability Formula in terms of the problem
Step 2: Substitute in the values and solve

Try This by Fill in the blanks or box.

1. A bag contains red and blue marbles. Two marbles are drawn without
replacement. The probability of selecting a red marble and then a blue marble
is 0.28. The probability of selecting a red marble on the first draw is 0.5. What
is the probability of selecting a blue marble on the second draw, given that the
first marble drawn was red?

Solution:
Let:
A= the probability of selecting a red marble and then a blue marble. 𝐴∩
𝐵 = the probability of selecting a red marble on the first draw.

𝑃(𝐴∩𝐵)
𝑃(𝐵|𝐴) =
𝑃( )

=
0.5
= 0.56 𝑜𝑟 __________%
Therefore, probability of selecting a blue marble on the second draw, given that
the first marble drawn was red is _________________.

2. What is the probability that the total of two dice will be greater than 9, given
that the first die is a 5?
Let:
A= first die is __________
𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 = total two dice is greater than 9.
1
P(A)=6
2 2
Possible outcomes for A and B are (5,5), (5,6)= ÷ = ______________
36 2

1
𝑃(___________) 18
𝑃(𝐵|𝐴) = = = _____________
𝑃(𝐴)

43
 3. A jar contains black and white marbles. Two marbles are chosen without
replacement. The probability of selecting a black marble and then a white marble
is 0.34, and the probability of selecting a black marble on the first draw is 0.47.
What is the probability of selecting a white marble on the second draw, given that the first
marble drawn was black?

Let:
___= the probability of selecting a black marble on the first draw
𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 = the probability of selecting a _____ marble and then a ____
marble

𝑃(𝐴∩𝐵)
𝑃(𝐵|𝐴) = 𝑃( 𝐴 )

0.34
=
0.47
= ______ 𝑜𝑟 72%
Therefore,________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________.

How was the activity? It is just easy right? Now it’s your turn to be independent. I know
you can answer these problems. Good luck.

Activity 3: Yes You Can.

. Answer the activity below by following the activity above. I know you can do
it on your own.

1-5. At Kuya National High School, the probability that a student takes
Computer subject and language is 0.15. The probability that a student
takes Computer subject is 0.4.What is the probability that a student takes
language given that the student is taking Computer subject?

6-10. Two dice are rolled in succession and the first die shows a three. Knowing
this, find the probability that the sum shown by the dice is five, six or
seven.

11-15. In Maramag, 64% of the houses have garage and 42% of the house have
a garage and a back yard. What is the probability that a house is has a
backyard given that it has a garage?

44
 What I Have Learned

Activity 7: Depend No More.

1. Define Conditional probability in your own terms.

Conditional probability-

2. State a formula for involves conditional probability of dependent events in the box.

What I Can Do

This section is an opportunity for you to apply what you have learned in this lesson
in real-life situations. You are asked to do certain tasks that will demonstrate your
understanding of conditional probability of dependent events.

Activity 8: Real Na Real

1. Describe a situation in your life that involves conditional probability of dependent
events. Explain why the events are dependent.

2. Formulate your own problems involving involves conditional probability of dependent

events

45
 Assessment:

Choose and encircle the letter of the best answer.

1. It is the probability of one event occurring with some relationship to one or

more other events.
a. Dependent event b. conditional probability
c. Independent event d. compound events

2. It is an event that influences the probability of other events – or their

probability of occurring is affected by other events.
a. Dependent event b. conditional probability
c. Independent event d. union of event

3. It is an event that influences the probability of other events – or their

probability of occurring is not affected by other events.
a. Dependent event b. conditional probability
c. Independent event d. union of event

4. It is the formula for conditional probability of dependent events.

a. 𝑃(𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐵)𝑃(𝐴|𝐵) b. 𝑃(𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐵)𝑃(𝐴|𝐶)
c. 𝑃(𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐵)𝑃(𝐵|𝐴) d. 𝑃(𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐶)𝑃(𝐴|𝐵)

5. At a basketball game, 80% of the fans cheered for team B. In the same
crowd, 20% of the fans were waving banners and cheering for team B. What
is the probability that a fan waved a banner given that the fan cheered for
team B?
a. 25% b. 30% c. 35% d. 40%

6. A math teacher gave her class two tests. Twenty-five percent of the class
passed both tests and 42% of the class passed the first test. What percent of
those who passed the first test also passed the second test?
a. 50% b. 55% c. 60% d. 65%

7. A jar contains green and red marbles. Two marbles are chosen without
replacement. The probability of selecting a green marble and then a red
marble is 0.34, and the probability of selecting a green marble on the first
draw is 0.47. What is the probability of selecting a red marble on the second
draw, given that the first marble drawn was green?
a. 71% b. 72% c. 73% d. 74%

8. The probability that it is Monday and that a student is absent is 0.03. Since
there are 5 school days in a week, the probability that it is Monday is 0.2.
What is the probability that a student is absent given that today is Monday?
a. 30% b. 25% c. 20% d. 15%

46
 9. At Kuya NHS Annex- La Roxas, the probability that a student takes Livelihood
and SPORTS is 0.087. The probability that a student takes Livelihood is 0.68.
What is the probability that a student takes SPORTS given that the student is
taking Livelihood?
a. 13% b. 14% c. 15% d. 16%

10. In Bukidnon, 48% of all teenagers like basketball and 39% of all teenagers
like basketball and volleyball. What is the probability that a teenager likes
volleyball given that the teenager likes basketball?
a. 73% b. 80% c. 81% d. 91%

For items 11 and 12: A family has two children.

11. What is the probability that the younger child is a boy given that at least one
of the children is a boy?
1 2 4 5
a. 3 b. 3 c. 3 d. 3

12. What is the probability that the younger child is a boy given that at least one of
the children is a boy?
1 2 4 5
a. 3 b. 3 c. 3 d. 3

13. At a middle school, 18% of all students play football and basketball and 32%
of all students play football. What is the probability that a student plays
basketball given that the student plays football?
a. 177% b. 58% c. 57% d. 56%

14. In La Roxas, 54% of all children get an allowance and 41% of all children get
an allowance and do household chores. What is the probability that a child
does household chores given that the child gets an allowance?
a. 75% b. 76% c. 85% d. 131%

15. In Maramag, 80% of all households have a television. 41% of all households
have a television and a VCR. What is the probability that a household has a
VCR given that it has a television?
a. 33% b. 41% c. 51% d. 172%

47
 Additional Activity: Conditionally Dependent

Answer the following:

1-5. In a group of 100 sports car buyers, 40 bought alarm systems, 30

purchased bucket seats, and 20 purchased an alarm system and bucket
seats. If a car buyer chosen at random bought an alarm system, what is
the probability they also bought bucket seats?

6-10. A family has two children. What is the probability that the younger child is
a boy,
a. given that at least one of the children is a girl.
b. given that at least one of the children is a boy.

11-15. At a basketball game, 70% of the fans cheered for team B. In the same
crowd, 30% of the fans were waving banners and cheering for team B.
What is the probability that a fan waved a banner given that the fan
cheered for team B?

B. Using Venn Diagram

For numbers 1 to 3, consider the Venn diagram on the right.

1. What does the Venn diagram illustrate? A B

2. Using the Venn diagram, how do you find 𝑃(𝐵|𝐴)?
3. Write the situation that can be illustrated by
the Venn diagram A and B

48
 Lesson

4
What I Need to Know

In this lesson, you will work on solving conditional probability, also:

• Define and illustrate conditional probability of independent event
• Solve problems on conditional probability of independent event
• Appreciate the concept of solving problems on conditional probability of
independent event in real life

What I Know
PRE-TEST

Choose and encircle the letter of the best answer. Take note of the items that you
were not able to answer correctly and find out the right answer as you go through
this module.

1. It is the probability of one event occurring with some relationship to one or

more other events.
a. Dependent event b. conditional probability
c. Independent event d. compound events

2. It is an event that influences the probability of other events – or their

probability of occurring is affected by other events.
a. Dependent event b. conditional probability
c. Independent event d. union of event

3. It is an event that influences the probability of other events – or their

probability of occurring is not affected by other events.
a. Dependent event b. conditional probability
c. Independent event d. union of event

49
For items 4-6: Consider the table below showing male and female who have pets
and do not have pets.

Have pets Do not have pets Total

Male 0.08 0.41 0.49
Female 0.06 0.45 0.51
Total 0.14 0.86 1

4. What is the probability a randomly selected person is male, given that they
have pets?
a. 57% b. 58% c. 59% d. 60%

5. What is the probability a randomly selected person is female, given that they
have pets?
a. 29% b. 40% c. 41% d. 43%

6. What is the probability a randomly selected person is male, given that they
don’t have pets?

a. 45% b. 46% c. 47% d. 48%

For items 7-10, consider the problem below.

A box of crayons has these colours: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, violet,
brown, black, pink, white, gold, and turquoise. You take a crayon at random
from the box with your eyes closed.

7. How many outcomes are there?

a. 11 b. 12 c. 13 d. 14

8. While your eyes are still closed, I tell you that the colour of the crayon you
picked has exactly five letters in its name. How many outcomes are there
now?
a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. 5

9. What is the conditional probability that you drew a green crayon, given that
the colour has five letters in its name?
3 1 1
a. 1 b. 4 c. 2 d. 4

10. What is the conditional probability that you drew the blue crayon, given that
the colour has five letters in its name?
3 1
a. 1 b. 5 c. 2 d. 0

11. What is the probability that the total of two dice will be greater than 9, given
that the first die is a 5?
1 1 3 4
a. b. c. d.
3 4 5 5

50
For items 12-15: A study examined residents of a mining town to see if the mining
operation had adverse health effects. The table below shows the percentages of
respondents who had either of two health factors related to lung cancer, and lung
cancer itself.

Lung cancer No lung cancer Total

Smoker 12.9 6.05 18.95
Smoker & Family History 8.95 1.15 10.1
Family History 5.25 3.9 9.15
Neither factor 4.45 57.35 61.8
Total 31.55 68.45 100 %

12. What is the probability that a resident picked at random had a lung cancer,
given that they were a smoker with no family history of cancer?
a. 68.06% b. 68.07% c. 68.09% d.68.1%

13. What is the probability that a resident picked at random had both health
factors, given that they had lung cancer?
a. 26.37% b. 27.37% c. 28.37% d.29.37%

14. What is the probability that a resident picked at random had neither health
factor, given that they had no lung cancer?
a. 83.75% b. 83.76% c. 83.77% d.83.78%

15. What is the probability that a resident picked at random had a lung cancer,
given that they had at least one health factor?
b. 70.94% b. 69.94% c. 68.94% d.67.94%

51
 What’s In

The previous lesson focused on conditional probability of dependent events.

In this lesson you will learn conditional probability of independent events. Before
that, let us have a review on our previous lesson by answering activity 1.

Activity 1: Probability with Condition

Consider the situation and answer the questions that follow.

A box contains 3 defective and 4 nondefective transistors. One randomly

selects a transistor (without replacement) until a nondefective one is obtained. What
is the probability that the number of transistors selected is three?

Guide Questions:

1. Draw a tree diagram associated with the experiment that the number of
transistors selected is three.
2. Using the dependent event formula, what is the probability that the number of
transistors selected is there?
3. Compare your answer in the tree diagram and using the dependent event
formula.

What’s New

Let’s explore!

Activity 2: Exploring Condition Further

Consider the situation and answer the questions that follow.

A proficiency examination for certain literacy skills was given 100 students.
The breakdown of the examination results of the students are shown in the table
below.
Male (M) Female (F) Total
Pass (P) 24 36 60
Fail (F) 16 24 40
40 60 100

Suppose that a student is selected at random from among 100 students who
took the examination.
1. Are the events P and M independent? Explain.
2. Are the events P and F independent? Explain.
3. Find the probability that the students passed the exam, given that he was a
male.
4. Find the probability that the student was a male given that a passing grade
was received.
5. Find the probability that the student was a female, given that a passing grade
was received.
52
 What Is It

Discussion

Did you get the answer correctly in activity 1? If no, then practice more about
our previous topic. If yes, then let us continue with our topic today. For us to
understand more about conditional probability let us look at your answer and
my answer in activity 2.

A proficiency examination for certain literacy skills was given 100 students.
The breakdown of the examination results of the students are shown in the table
below.

Male (M) Female (F) Total

Pass (P) 24 36 60
Fail (F) 16 24 40
40 60 100

Suppose that a student is selected at random from among 100 students who
took the examination.

Guide Question Figure/ Expression/Solution Discussion

1. Are the events P Let us find the probability of P Since these
and M given that M has occurred and probabilities are the
independent? see if it is different from the same, events 𝑃 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑀
Explain. probability of P. So we have, are independent. P
- We can say that the 24 3 inside the parenthesis
𝑃(𝑃|𝑀) = 𝑜𝑟
events are 40 5 represents the event
independent if 60 3 “Pass.” You can go back
𝑃(𝑃|𝑀) = 𝑃(𝑃) 𝑜𝑟 and 𝑃(𝑃) = 𝑜𝑟 to the given table for
100 5
𝑃(𝑀|𝑃) = 𝑃(𝑀) reference.
𝑜𝑟 𝑃(𝑃 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑀)
= 𝑃(𝑃)𝑃(𝑀).

2. Are the events P 36 3 Since they are the same,

𝑃(𝑃|𝐹) = 60 𝑜𝑟 5 and
and F 60 3 then events P and F are
independent? 𝑃(𝑃) = 100 𝑜𝑟 5 also independent.
Explain

3. Find the 24 There are 40 males. Of

𝑃(𝑃|𝑀) = 𝑜𝑟 0.60
probability that 40 these 40 males, 24
the students passed the proficiency
passed the examination. So, the
exam, given that probability is 0.60.
he was a male.

53
 Guide Question Figure/ Discussion
Expression/Solution
4. Find the so 𝑃(𝑀|𝑃) = There are 60 students that
probability that the 24 passed the proficiency
𝑜𝑟 0.40
60
student was a male examination. Of these 60
given that a passing students, 24 are male. So,
grade was received. probability that the student was a
male given that a passing grade
was received is 0.40.
5. Find the so 𝑃(𝐹|𝑃) = There are 60 students that
probability that the 36 passed the proficiency
𝑜𝑟 0.60
60
student was a examination. Of these 60
female, given that students, 36 are male. So, the
a passing grade probability that the student was a
was received. female, given that a passing
grade was received is 0.60.
We can say that events A and B are independent if
𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) ⋅ 𝑃(𝐵)

The formula in the definition has two practical but exactly opposite uses:
In a situation in which we can compute all three probabilities 𝑃(𝐴), 𝑃(𝐵), and 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵), it
is used to check whether or not the events A and B are independent:

If 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) ⋅ 𝑃(𝐵) then A and B are independent.

If 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) ≠ 𝑃(𝐴) ⋅ 𝑃(𝐵), then A and B are not independent.

In a situation in which each of 𝑃(𝐴) and 𝑃(𝐵) can be computed and it is known
that A and B are independent, then we can compute 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) by multiplying together
𝑃(𝐴) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑃(𝐵): 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) ⋅ 𝑃(𝐵).

How did you find the activity above? If you are still confused, let us have another
example for you to understand our topic well.

Examples:
1. A single fair die is rolled. Let A={3}A={3} and B={1,3,5}.B={1,3,5}. Are A and B
independent?

Solution:
In this example we can compute all three probabilities
1 1 1
𝑃(𝐴) = 6, 𝑃(𝐵) = 2, and 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 𝑃({3}) = 6. Since the product 𝑃(𝐴) ·
1 1 1 1
𝑃(𝐵) = (6)(2) = 12 is not the same number𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 6, the events A and B
are not independent

54
 2. Consider the table below showing A as the age group under 30 years old who
purchase 2 different brands of shoes.

Age Group Brand X Brand Y Total

A (under 30 years old) 34% 6% 40%
A’ (under 30 years old) 51% 9% 60%
Total 85% 15% 100%

1. What is the probability that a person is chosen at random purchases Brand X?

𝑃(𝑋) = 0.85
2. What is the probability that a person is chosen at random is under 30 years
old?
𝑃(𝐴) = 0.40
3. What is the probability that a person is chosen at random purchases Brand X
and is under 30 years old?
𝑃(𝑋 ∩ 𝐴) = 0.34

4. What is the probability that a person is chosen at random purchases Brand X

and he or she is under 30 years old?
𝑃(𝑋 ∩ 𝐴) 0.34
𝑃(𝑋|𝐴) = = = 0.85
𝑃(𝐴) 0.40
Note that number 1 and number 4 are both equal.

What’s More

GUIDED Practice

Now it’s your turn to practice. Answer the following by filling in the blanks.

Activity 3: In Condition for Independent

Consider the table below showing A as the age group under 30 years old who
purchase 2 different brands of shoes.

Age Group Brand X Brand Y Total

A (under 30 years old) 34% 6% 40%
A’ (under 30 years old) 51% 9% 60%
Total 85% 15% 100%

1. What is the probability that a person chosen at random purchases Brand Y?

__________________________________

2. What is the probability that a person chosen at random is under 30 years old?
__________________________________

55
 3. What is the probability that a person chosen at random purchases Brand Y
and is under 30 years old?
________________________________

4-5. What is the probability that a person chosen at random purchases Brand Y
and he or she is under 30 years old?
𝑃(𝑌 ∩ 𝐴) 0.06
𝑃(𝑌|𝐴) = = = _______
𝑃(___) 0.40

6. What is the probability that a person chosen at random purchases Brand Y?

________________________________

7. What is the probability that a person chosen at random is not under 30 years
old?
_______________________________

8-10. What is the probability that a person chosen at random purchases Brand Y
and is not under 30 years old?
𝑃(_________) 0.09
𝑃(𝑌|𝐴′) = = = _______
𝑃(𝐴′) _____

11. What is the probability that a person is chosen at random purchases Brand X?
_______________________________

12. What is the probability that a person is chosen at random is not under 30
years old?
_______________________________

13. What is the probability that a person is chosen at random purchases Brand X
and is under 30 years old?

14-15. What is the probability that a person is chosen at random purchases Brand
A and he or she is under 30 years old?
𝑃(𝑋 ∩ 𝐴′) _______
𝑃(𝑋|𝐴′) = = = _______
𝑃(𝐴′) 0.60

56
 What I Have Learned

Activity 6: Conditionally Independent.

Covering Ideas

1. Differentiate conditional probability of dependent and independent event

2. State the formula for conditional probability of independent event in the box.

3. Conditional probability is the probability of one event occurring with some

_______________ to one or more other .

What I Can Do

This section is an opportunity for you to apply what you have learned in this lesson in real-life
situations. You are asked to do certain tasks that will demonstrate your understanding of
conditional probability.

Activity 5: Conditions in Real Life

Make a research report. Choose your own topic of study or choose from any
in the recommended topics given below. Focus on the question that follows:

How can I use statistics and probability to help others make informed
decisions regarding my chosen topic?
Recommended Topics:
1. Driving and cellphone use
2. Diet and health
3. Professional athletics
4. Costs associated with a college education.

57
 Assessment: Conditionally Chosen.
Choose and encircle the letter of the best answer.

1. It is the probability of one event occurring with some relationship to one or

more other events.
a. Dependent event b. conditional probability
c. Independent event d. compound events

2. It is an event that influences the probability of other events – or their

probability of occurring is affected by other events.
a. Dependent event b. conditional probability
c. Independent event d. union of event

3. It is an event that influences the probability of other events – or their

probability of occurring is not affected by other events.
a. Dependent event b. conditional probability
c. Independent event d. union of event

For items 4-6: Consider the table below showing male and female who have pets
and do not have pets.

Have pets Do not have pets Total

Male 0.08 0.41 0.49
Female 0.06 0.45 0.51
Total 0.14 0.86 1

4. What is the probability a randomly selected person is male, given that they
have pets?
b. 57% b. 58% c. 59% d. 60%

5. What is the probability a randomly selected person is female, given that they
have pets?
b. 29% b. 40% c. 41% d. 43%

6. What is the probability a randomly selected person is male, given that they
don’t have pets?

b. 45% b. 46% c. 47% d. 48%

For items 7-10, consider the problem below.

A box of crayons has these colours: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, violet,
brown, black, pink, white, gold, and turquoise. You take a crayon at random
from the box with your eyes closed.

7. How many outcomes are there?

b. 11 b. 12 c. 13 d. 14

58
 8. While your eyes are still closed, I tell you that the colour of the crayon you
picked has exactly five letters in its name. How many outcomes are there
now?
b. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. 5

9. What is the conditional probability that you drew a green crayon, given that
the colour has five letters in its name?
3 1 1
b. 1 b. 4 c. 2 d. 4

10. What is the conditional probability that you drew the blue crayon, given that
the colour has five letters in its name?
3 1
b. 1 b. c. d. 0
5 2

11. What is the probability that the total of two dice will be greater than 9, given
that the first die is a 5?
1 1 3 4
b. b. c. d.
3 4 5 5

For items 12-15: A study examined residents of a mining town to see if the mining
operation had adverse health effects. The table below shows the percentages of
respondents who had either of two health factors related to lung cancer, and lung
cancer itself.

Lung cancer No lung cancer Total

Smoker 12.9 6.05 18.95
Smoker & Family History 8.95 1.15 10.1
Family History 5.25 3.9 9.15
Neither factor 4.45 57.35 61.8
Total 31.55 68.45 100 %

12. What is the probability that a resident picked at random had a lung cancer,
given that they were a smoker with no family history of cancer?
c. 68.06% b. 68.07% c. 68.09% d.68.1%

13. What is the probability that a resident picked at random had both health
factors, given that they had lung cancer?
b. 26.37% b. 27.37% c. 28.37% d.29.37%

14. What is the probability that a resident picked at random had neither health
factor, given that they had no lung cancer?
b. 83.75% b. 83.76% c. 83.77% d.83.78%

15. What is the probability that a resident picked at random had a lung cancer,
given that they had at least one health factor?
d. 70.94% b. 69.94% c. 68.94% d.67.94%

59
 Additional Activity:

Answer the problem below.

A. In a sample of 902 individuals under 40 who were or had previously been

married, each person was classified according to gender and age at first
marriage. The results are summarized in the following two-way
classification table, where the meaning of the labels is:

M: male
F: female
E: a teenager when first married
W: in one’s twenties when first married
H: in one’s thirties when first married

E W H Total
M 43 293 114 450
F 82 299 71 452
Total 125 592 185 902

1. Find the probability that the individual selected was a teenager at first
marriage, given that the person is male.

2. Find the probability that the individual selected was a teenager at first
marriage, given that the person is female.

3. Find the probability that the individual selected was in one’s twenties when
first married.

4. Find the probability that the individual selected was in one’s twenties when
first married, given that the person is male.

B. Assume 𝑆 and 𝑄 are independent events with 𝑃(𝑆) = 0.2 and 𝑃(𝑄) = 0.3.
Let 𝑇 be the event that at least one of 𝑆 or 𝑄 occurs. Let 𝑅 be the event
that exactly one of 𝑆 or 𝑄 occurs. Find the following probabilities

a. 𝑃(𝑇)
b. 𝑃(𝑅)
c. 𝑃(𝑆|𝑅)
d. 𝑃(𝑅|𝑆)
e. Determine whether 𝑆 and 𝑅 are independent.

60
Summary
This lesson was about problem solving of compound event . You learned to:

• Dependent Events are events that rely on another event to happen first.
two events are dependent, if the occurrence of one event influences
the probability of another event.
Formula:
𝑷(𝑨 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑩) = 𝑷(𝑨) ∙ 𝑷(𝑩 𝒇𝒐𝒍𝒍𝒐𝒘𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝑨) or 𝑃(𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) · 𝑃(𝐵|𝐴)

• Independent events are not affected by previous events.

- Two events are independent if the outcome of one event does not affect the
outcome of the other event. Meaning the events have no influence to each other.

Formula:
𝑷(𝑨 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑩) = 𝑷(𝑨) ∙ 𝑷(𝑩) Or 𝑷(𝑨 ∩ 𝑩) = 𝑷(𝑨) · 𝑷(𝑩).

• The conditional probability of an event B occurring given that event A has

occurred. This formula is derived from multiplication rule. When two events, A and B,
are dependent, the probability of both events occurring is 𝑃(𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵) =
𝑃(𝐵)𝑃(𝐴|𝐵)Also,𝑃(𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴)𝑃(𝐵|𝐴)

We have:
𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)
𝑃(𝐵|𝐴) = 𝑖𝑓 𝑃(𝐴) ≠ 0.
𝑃(𝐴)

We can say that events A and B are independent if

𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) ⋅ 𝑃(𝐵)

The formula in the definition has two practical but exactly opposite uses:
In a situation in which we can compute all three probabilities 𝑃(𝐴), 𝑃(𝐵), and 𝑃(𝐴 ∩
𝐵), it is used to check whether or not the events A and B are independent:

If 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) ⋅ 𝑃(𝐵) then A and B are independent.

If 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) ≠ 𝑃(𝐴) ⋅ 𝑃(𝐵), then A and B are not independent.

61
 Assessment: (Post-Test)

Choose the letter of the best answer. Take note of the items that you were not able
to answer correctly and find out the right answer as you go through this module.

1. It is the probability of one event occurring with some relationship to one or

more other events.
a. Dependent event b. conditional probability
c. Independent event d. union of event

2. It is an event that influences the probability of other events – or their

probability of occurring is affected by other events.
a. Dependent event c. conditional probability
b. Independent event d. union of event

3. It is an event that do not affect one another and do not increase or decrease
the probability of another event happening.
a. Dependent event c. conditional probability
b. Independent event d. union of event

4. Parking illegally and getting a parking ticket is an example of…

a. Dependent event c. conditional probability
b. Independent event d. union of event
5. Meeting your friend on your way home and finding a 10- peso coin is an
example of…
a. Dependent event c. conditional probability
b. Independent event d. union of event

6. The chance of a flight being delayed is 0.2 (=20%), what are the chances of
no delays on a round trip?
a. 0.8 b. 0.16 c. 0.04 d. 0.64

7. There are 5 red roses, 3 yellow roses, and 8 white roses in a tray. If Roxanne
picked 2 roses one after the other without replacing, then what is the
probability of picking a white rose first and a red rose next?
a. 0.16̅ b. 0.18̅ c. 0.19 d. 0.20

8. A box contains 6 white marbles and 4 red marbles. A marble is randomly

selected, replaced, and the second marble is randomly selected. What is the
probability of selecting a white marbles then a red marble?
6 6 5 5
a. b. c. d.
24 25 11 22

62
9. A box of candies contains 5 yema candies, 8 sampaloc candies, and 10
bucayo candies. Jenevive randomly chooses a candy, eats it, and then
randomly chooses another candy. What is the probability that Jenevive chose
a yema candy, and then a sampaloc candy?
20 20 20 20
a. b. c. d.
243 253 263 273

10. There are 6 pink and 8 white balls in a bag. If two balls are drawn after the
other, then what is the probability of getting a pink ball first and white ball next,
if the first ball drawn is replaced?
6 8 12
a. b. c. 1 d.
14 14 49

11. A Fair die is tossed twice. Find the probability of getting a 4 or 5 on the first
toss and a 1,2,or 3 in the second toss.
1 1 1
a. b. c. d.1
3 6 2

12. Roy bought four different batteries. Of these four, one is defective. Roy
randomly selected two batteries to be used in that particular day. Find the
probability that the second battery selected is not defective, given that the first
was not defective.
2 1 1 1
a. . b. c. d.
3 4 3 2

13. In a group of 100 sports car buyers, 40 bought alarm systems, 30 purchased
bucket seats, and 20 purchased an alarm system and bucket seats. If a car
buyer chosen at random bought an alarm system, what is the probability they
also bought bucket seats?
a. 0.40 b. 0.30 c. 0.60 d. 0.50

14. Ella took two tests. The probability of her passing both tests is 0.6. The
probability of her passing the first test is 0.8. What is the probability of her
passing the second test given that she has passed the first test?
a. 0.60 b. 0.70 c. 0.75 d. 0.80

15. At Kuya National High School- Annex La Roxas, the probability that a student
joins Science Club and Mathematics Club is 0.087. The probability that a
student joins Science Club is 0.68. What is the probability that a student joins
the Mathematics Club given that the student is a member of Science Club?
a. 0.128 b. 0.129 c. 0.130 d. 0.131

63
 Figure/ Expression Discussion
Activity 3 . SpreaDEPEND
𝑛(𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡) So, if we let 𝐴= the probability if the first
𝑃(𝐸) = 𝑛(𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡).
red mask was drawn in the box. We
We let 𝐴= be the

Activity 3:
Dependently
Chosen
dependent
independent
independent
dependent
dependent
independent
dependent
dependent
dependent
independent
probability of the can say that
𝑛(𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡) 14
__red____ mask drawn 𝑃(_𝑟𝑒𝑑_ 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑘 𝑜𝑟 𝐴) = 𝑛(𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡) = 35
Activity 1 Jumbled word
𝑛(𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡) =No. of red 1. Union
So the 𝑃(𝐴) or the probability if the
masks=___14__ 2. Intersection
first red mask was drawn in the box is 3. Event
14
𝑛(𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡) = Total No. 35
4. Exclusive
Key to Answers

of all the 5. dependent

masks=14__+12+9_=35

𝑛(𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡) 14

64
𝑃(𝐴) = =
𝑛(𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡) 35
Let 𝐵=the probability of 𝑛(𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡) 9
𝑃(𝑦𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑘 𝑜𝑟𝐵) = 𝑛(𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡) = 34
the second mask drawn

1. c
2. a
3. b
4. a
5. b
6. d
7. a
8. b
9. b
10. d
11. b
12. a
13. d
14. c
15. a

is yellow.
So the 𝑃(𝐵) or the probability if the

Pre-test
𝑛(𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡) =No. of yellow second mask was drawn in the box is
9
masks=_9__ 34
.
Since the second draw is yellow, we
𝑛(𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡) = Total No. will get the number of yellow in the
of all the
𝑛(𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡)and we are going to add all
masks=13+12_+_9__=34
the remaining masks in the box that
𝑛(𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡) 9 makes it 34 in the 𝑛(𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡).
𝑃(𝐵) = =
𝑛(𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡) 34
The event shows that the occurrence
of one event _affected_
the probability of another event.
 65
Activity 5: This Depends!
Figure/ Expression
What is the probability that Ella
We let 𝑃(𝐴)= the and Jean both chose juice
probability that Ella chose drinks, if Ella randomly chose
a juice drink. first and liked the first brand
she picked up?
𝑛(𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡) =No. of juice
drinks=10
Representation:
𝑛(𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡) = Total No. Let:
of all the 𝑃(𝐴)= the probability that Ella
drinks=10+6+3=19 chose a juice drink.
𝑃(𝐵)= the probability that Jean
𝑛(𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡) 10 chose a juice drink
𝑃(𝐴) = =
𝑛(𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡) 19
𝑃(𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵) =the probability
that Ella and Jean both chose
juice drinks
Let 𝐵=the probability that Solution:
Jean chose a juice drink 10 9
𝑃(𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵) = ∙
19 18
𝑛(𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡) =No. of juice
drink =9 90 5
= 𝑜𝑟
342 19
𝑛(𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡) = Total
No. of all the drinks Conclusion:
=9+6+3=18 Therefore, the probability
that Ella and Jean both chose
𝑛(𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡) 9 5
𝑃(𝐵) = =
𝑛(𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡) 18
juice drinks is 19
 66
Activity 5: Representation
This Solution & Conclusion
Depends
Representation
Solution & Conclusion
a.
10
𝑃(𝐴) = 𝑃(𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑘 𝑐ℎ𝑜𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒) = `
25
6
P(𝐵 ) = 𝑃(𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑐ℎ𝑜𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒) =
24
𝑃(𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵) = the probability that Charlene chooses a milk chocolate, and then a white chocolate
10 6 1
𝑃(𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵) = ∙ =
25 24 10
1
Therefore, the probability that Charlene chooses a milk chocolate, and then a white chocolate is .
10
b.
8
𝑃(𝐴) = 𝑃(𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑘 𝑐ℎ𝑜𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒) =
25
10
P(𝐵 ) = 𝑃(𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑘 𝑐ℎ𝑜𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒) =
24
𝑃(𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵) = the probability that Charlene chooses a dark chocolate and then a milk chocolate
8 10 80 2
𝑃(𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵) = ∙ = 𝑜𝑟
25 24 600 15
1
Therefore, the probability that Charlene chooses a dark chocolate, and then a milk chocolate is .
10
c.
10
𝑃(𝐴) = (𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑘 𝑐ℎ𝑜𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒) =
25
7
P(𝐵 𝑓𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐴) = 𝑃(1 𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑡𝑒) = 24
6
P(𝐶 𝑓𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐵) = 𝑃(1 𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑡𝑒) = 23
𝑃(𝐴, 𝐵, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐶) = the probability that Charlene chooses a milk chocolate, and then 2 white chocolate in
succession
𝑃(𝐴, 𝐵, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐶) = 𝑃(1 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑘, 1 𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑡𝑒, 1 𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑡𝑒)
10 7 6 420 7
= ∙ ∙ = 𝑜𝑟
25 24 23 13,800 230
Therefore, the probability that Charlene chooses a milk chocolate, and then 2 white chocolate in
7
succession is .
230
Activity 6: Dependent Pa More!
Representation
Solution & Conclusion
1a.
4
𝑃(𝐴) = 𝑃(𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔) = `
52
4
P(𝐵 ) = 𝑃(𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑒𝑛) =
51

𝑃(𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵) = the probability that the first card chosen is a king and the second card
chosen is a queen.

4 4 16 4
𝑃(𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵) = ∙ = 𝑜𝑟
52 51 2,652 663

Therefore, the probability that first card chosen is a king and the second card chosen
4
is a queen is 663.

1b.
4
𝑃(𝐴) = 𝑃(𝐴𝑐𝑒) = `
52
3
P(𝐵 ) = 𝑃(𝑎𝑐𝑒) = 51

𝑃(𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵) = the probability that both cards chosen are aces.

4 3 12 1
𝑃(𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵) = ∙ = 𝑜𝑟
52 51 2,652 221
1
Therefore, the probability that both cards chosen are aces is 221.

67
1c.
4
(𝐴) = 𝑃(ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑡) = `
52
4
P(𝐵 ) = 𝑃(𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑑) = 51

𝑃(𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵) = the probability that the first card chosen is a heart and the second card
chosen is a diamond.

4 4 16 4
𝑃(𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵) = ∙ = 𝑜𝑟
52 51 2,652 663

Therefore, the probability that the first card chosen is a heart and the second card
4
chosen is a diamond is 663.

2a.

5
𝑃(𝐴) = (𝑏𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑎) =
20
5
P(𝐵 𝑓𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐴) = 𝑃(𝑔𝑢𝑎𝑣𝑎) =
19
6
P(𝐶 𝑓𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝑑𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑛) = 18
𝑃(𝐴, 𝐵, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐶) = the probability that she chose a banana, a guava then a dalandan.

𝑃(𝐴, 𝐵, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐶) = 𝑃(𝑏𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑎, 𝑔𝑢𝑎𝑣𝑎, 1 𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑡𝑒)

5 5 6 150 5
= ∙ ∙ = 𝑜𝑟
20 19 18 6,840 228
5
Therefore, the probability that she chose a banana, a guava then a dalandan Is .
228

2b.
4
𝑃(𝐴) = ( 𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠) =
20
3
P(𝐵 𝑓𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐴) = 𝑃(𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠) = 19
5
P(𝐶 𝑓𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝑔𝑢𝑎𝑣𝑎) = 18
𝑃(𝐴, 𝐵, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐶) = the probability that she chose 2 lansones and a guava.

𝑃(𝐴, 𝐵, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐶) = 𝑃(𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠, 𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠, 𝑔𝑢𝑎𝑣𝑎, )

4 3 5 60 1
= ∙ ∙ = 𝑜𝑟
20 19 18 6,840 114
1
Therefore the probability that she chose 2 lansones and a guava 𝑖𝑠 .
114

68
2c.
6
𝑃(𝐴) = (𝑑𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑛) =
20
5
P(𝐵 𝑓𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐴) = 𝑃(𝑔𝑢𝑎𝑣𝑎) = 19
5
P(𝐶 𝑓𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝑏𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑎) = 18
𝑃(𝐴, 𝐵, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐶) = the probability that she chose a banana, a guava then a dalandan.

𝑃(𝐴, 𝐵, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐶) = 𝑃(𝑏𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑎, 𝑔𝑢𝑎𝑣𝑎, 1 𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑡𝑒)

6 5 5 150 5
= ∙ ∙ = 𝑜𝑟
20 19 18 6,840 228
5
Therefore, the probability that she chose a dalandan, a guava then a banana is .
228
3a.

18
(𝐴) = 𝑃(𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑙) = `
30
17
P(𝐵 ) = 𝑃(𝑔𝑖𝑟𝑙) = 29

𝑃(𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵) = the probability both students chosen are girls

18 17 306 51
𝑃(𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵) = ∙ = 𝑜𝑟
30 29 870 145
51
Therefore, the probability both students chosen are girls is 145.

3b.
12
(𝐴) = 𝑃(𝑏𝑜𝑦) = `
30
11
P(𝐵 ) = 𝑃(𝑏𝑜𝑦) = 29

𝑃(𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵) = the probability both students chosen are boys.

12 11 132 22
𝑃(𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵) = ∙ = 𝑜𝑟
30 29 870 145
22
Therefore, the probability both students chosen are boys is 145.

69
4a.
8
𝑃(𝐴) = 𝑃(𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑙) = `
23
7
P(𝐵 ) = 𝑃(𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑙) = 22

𝑃(𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵) = the probability that she chose 2 stuffed animals as the first two choices.
8 7 56 28
𝑃(𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵) = ∙ = 𝑜𝑟
23 22 506 253

Therefore, the probability that she chose 2 stuffed animals as the first two choices is
28
253

4b.
8
𝑃(𝐴) = 𝑃(𝑠𝑡𝑢𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑙) = `
23
3
P(𝐵 ) = 𝑃(𝑏𝑜𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝑔𝑎𝑚𝑒) = 22

𝑃(𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵) = the probability that she chose 2 stuffed animals as the first two choices.
8 3 24 12
𝑃(𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵) = ∙ = 𝑜𝑟
23 22 506 253

Therefore, the probability that she chose 2 stuffed animals as the first two choices is
12
.
253

5a.
3
𝑃(𝐴) = 𝑃(defective) = `
20
2
P(𝐵 ) = 𝑃(defective) = 19
1
𝑃(𝐴) = 𝑃(defective) =
18

𝑃(𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵) = the probability that all three are defective if the first and second ones are
not replaced after being tested.
3 2 1
𝑃(𝐴 , 𝐵 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐶) = ∙ ∙
20 19 18
6 1
= 𝑜𝑟
6840 1140

Therefore, the probability that all three are defective if the first and second ones are
1
not replaced after being tested is 1,140.

70
5b.
17
𝑃(𝐴) = 𝑃(not defective) = `
20
16
P(𝐵 ) = 𝑃(not defective) = 19
3
𝑃(𝐴) = 𝑃(defective) =
18

𝑃(𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵) = the probability that two are not defective and the third one is defective if
the first and second ones are not replaced after being tested.
17 16 3
𝑃(𝐴 , 𝐵 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐶) = ∙ ∙
20 19 18
816 34
= 𝑜𝑟
6840 285

Therefore, the probability that all three are defective if the first and second ones are
34
not replaced after being tested is 285.

7 12 4 8
10 9
10 6 _R__ __S
_
1 2 10 12 7 _H_ __E_
4 12 _ _T _ _
_F__ _O 4 9 8
_S_ __O_ 11
_R_ _ O _R 6 12 10
_E_ _R_
_T _H _E M
_F _R _O

Quote:
5.D
4. N
3.N
2 2. N
Chosen 1.D
D e p en dently
:
Activity nal
Additio

71
 72
Solution & Conclusion T 11
Lesson 2: Activity 5Representation
1.
Let:
1 𝑷(𝑨 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑩) = 𝑷(𝑨) ∙ 𝑷(𝑩) N 10
𝑃 (𝐴) = 𝑃(𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑐𝑘𝑠) = 1 1
5 = ∙
5 5
1
1 =
25
𝑃 (𝐵) = 𝑃(𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑐𝑘𝑠) =
5 Therefore, the probability that you will E 9
choose the white pair of socks both times is
𝑷(𝑨 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑩) = the probability that you will 1
.
25
choose the white pair of socks both
times. D 8
2. 𝑷(𝑨 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑩) = 𝑷(𝑨) ∙ 𝑷(𝑩)
Let: 𝑃(𝐸1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐸2 ) = 𝑃 (𝐸1 ) ∙ 𝑃 (𝐸2 )
𝑃(𝐸1 ) = (𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎 ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑑) 1 1 1
= × =
1 2 6 12
=
2 N 7
Therefore the probability of landing on the
𝑃 (𝐸2 ) = (𝑟𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎 5) head side of the coin and rolling a 5 on the
1 1
= die is .
6 12
𝑷(𝑨 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑩) = the probability of landing E 6
on the head side of the coin and rolling a
5 on the die.
3. 𝑷(𝑨 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑩) = 𝑷(𝑨) ∙ 𝑷(𝑩) P 5
4 4 4
𝑃(𝐴) = 𝑃(𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑘) = = ∙
52 52
52 16 1
= 𝑜𝑟
2704 169
4 Therefore the probability of choosing a jack
𝑃 (𝐵) = 𝑃(𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡) = 1
E 4
52 and then an eight is .
169
𝑷(𝑨 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑩) = the probability of
choosing a jack and then an eight .
D 3
4. 𝑷(𝑨 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑩) = 𝑷(𝑨) ∙ 𝑷(𝑩)
5 6 6
= ∙
𝑃(𝐴) = 𝑃(𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑛 ) = 16 16
16 36 9
= 𝑜𝑟
256 64
N 2
6
𝑃 (𝐵) = 𝑃(𝑦𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤) = Therefore the probability of choosing a
16 9
green and then a yellow marble is .
64
𝑷(𝑨 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑩) = the probability choosing
I 1
a green and then a yellow marble.
73
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References
Books
• Merle S. Alferez, Ma. Cecilia A. Duro. Statistics and Probability: MSA
Publishing House, 2006

• Melvin M. Callanta, Allan M. Canonigo, Arnaldo I. Chua, Jerry D. Cruz, Mirla

S. Esparrago, Elino S. Garcia, Aries N. Magnaye, Fernando B. Orines,
Rowena S. Perez and Concepcion S. Ternida.Mathematics-Grade 10
Learner’s Module 1st Edition: Department of Education, 2015.

• Mario C. Oli and Helma Y. Mesa. Practical Math 10 Textbook: DIWA

LEARNING SYSTEM INC, 2018.

• Orlando A. Oronce and Marilyn O. Mendoza. E-math Intermediate Algebra.

1st Edition: Rex Book Store, Inc., 2007.

Web sites
• https://www.siyavula.com/read/maths/grade-11/probability/10-probability-02
• https://www.statisticshowto.com/probability-and-statistics/dependent-events-
independent/
• https://www.statisticshowto.com/probability-and-statistics/statistics-
definitions/conditional-probability-definition-examples/
• https://www.onlinemathlearning.com/conditional-probability.html
• https://www.statisticshowto.com/probability-and-statistics/statistics-
definitions/conditional-probability-definition-examples/
• https://www.mathworksheet4kids.com
• https://www.intmath.com/counting-probability/8-independent-dependent-
events.php
• https://www.mathgoodies.com/lessons/vol6/independent_events
• https://www.mathgoodies.com/lessons/vol6/dependent_events

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For inquiries and feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education –Learning Resources Management and

Development Center(LRMDC)

DepEd Division of Bukidnon

Sumpong, Malaybalay City, Bukidnon
Telefax: ((08822)855-0048
E-mail Address: [email protected]

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