DESIGN IV MACHINERY SYSTEM

DEPARTMENT OF MARINE ENGINEERING

Calculation and Specification of

Ballast System
Doc.No. 04 - 5019 23 AI065 - BL

Prepared by Approved by
Rev. Date Remark
Hilal Permana Adhi Iswantoro, ST., MT.
 DESIGN IV MACHINERY SYSTEM
DEPARTMENT OF MARINE ENGINEERING

ATTACHMENT

Calculation and Specification of

Ballast System

Attachment of Doc.No. 04 - 5019 23 AI065 - BL

 Doc. No. 04 - 5019 23 AI065 - BL
Calculation and Specification of
Ballast System Rev. No. 00

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I. INTRODUCTION

Ballast System is used for stability for ship if the ship not carry cargo or oil (for tanker)
and when the ship in port, (loading-unloading), and ballast can make the ship in trim
condition well. Ballast can make point the weight as low as possible, the ballast tank is
placed on the double bottom. Process water ballast divide into two ballasting (filling
ballast water) and deballasting (ballast water discharge). Working principle of this
system is very simple, where pumps are used to suck sea water from sea chest box and
moved into water ballast tanks into stability completed. Then to deballasting, suck the
sea water in water ballast tanks and discharge to overboard (O/B). System design
ballasts intimately connected with the process of loading and unloading in ports,
especially the time it takes to load the unloaded, and also directly affect the change of
displacement of the ship. In some literature and common practice mentioned that
weight water ballast overall ranged between 10%-20% of the displacement of the ship,
but in general arranggement has been designed the volume of water ballast tank.

II. OBJECTIVES
The object of Ballast System is:
a) Calculate Capacity Ballast Tank
b) Calculate Ballast System Pipe
c) Calculate Pump of the Ballast System

III. REFERENCES
a) American Bureau of Shipping 2017 Part 4
b) MARPOL
c) Marine Engineering, Roy L. Harrington, "Chapter XX - Piping System" :1971

IV. LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

vs : Velocity of fluid (m/s)
d : Inside diameter (mm)
t : time (s)
3
Q : Qapacity m /hr
Rn : Reynold number
n : viscocity
hs : head static (m)
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hp : head pressure (m)
hv : head velocity (m)
hf : head friction (m)
hl : head losses (m)
H : head total (m)

V. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

Ballast is the system used to maintain balance (stability) in the event of vessel trim or
list (capsizes) especially when loading and unloading in the port. To keep the balance
needs to be done charging and disposal of sea water in the ballast tank-tank, and then
can keeping the weight as low as possible and ship can holds the position to even keel
condition. Consideration to get the point the weight as low as possible, the ballast tank
is placed on the double bottom. Process water ballast differenciated into two ballasting
(filling ballast water) and deballasting (ballast water disposal). Working principle of this
system is very simple, where pumps are used as switching from sea water, sea chest
and moved into the ballast tanks or tank-emptying the water ballast tanks to overboard
(O/B). This system is designed to be complicated due to the pump which served as the
fluid can only transmit sea water in one direction only. Therefore, the design is further
associated with the public service on Board (General Service System) is done in other
systems interconnect. System design ballasts intimately connected with the process of
loading and unloading in ports, especially the time it takes to load the unloaded, and
also directly affect the change of displacement of the ship. In some literature mentioned
that heavy water ballast overall ranged between 10%-20% of the displacement of the
ship. Constituent components ballast system consists of:

a) Centrifugal Pump
Function : Centrifugal pumps are used to move the fluid from seachest box to all of
the water ballast tank.
A centrifugal pump is a rotodynamic pump that uses a rotating impeller to increase
the pressure and flow rate of a fluid. Centrifugal pumps are the most common type
of pump used to move liquids through a piping system. The fluid enters the pump
impeller along a near to the rotating axis and is accelerated are typically used for
large discharge through smaller heads.
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Figure 1. Centifugal Pump

b) Non Return valve, straight, screw down

Function : valves are used at high pressure and direction of flow in one direction. In
Ballast system, this valve is used on the outlet side of the pump.

Has same function with globe valve, working in very high pressure and just has one-
way direction. Usually this valve is used in order after the pump and another lines
that the fluids shall not back through the same line or just one-way direction.

Figure 2. SDNRV
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c) Butterfly Valve
Function : valve is used to open and close the flow in the pipe after branching or
before the pump and after strainer in seachest.
A butterfly valve is a valve which can be used for isolating or regulating flow. The
closing mechanism takes the form of a disk, which allows for quick shut off.
Butterfly valve are generally favored because they are lower in cost to other valve
designs as well as being lighter in weight, meaning less support is required. Used for
stop valve only, for low working pressure. In this system, butterfly valve used in order
before the pump, and as a connecting to another equipment to make a standby
function.

Figure 3. Butterfly Valve

d) Gate Valve or Gate Valve remotely

Function : valve is used to open and close or stop the flow in the pipe after
branching or in water ballast tank and this valve located after seachest box but
attached.
Gate valve is a type of valve that is used to open the flow by lifting the lid gates that
are round or rectangular. Gate Valve is a type of valve which most often used in the
piping system. Gate Valve has a function to open and close the flow. The position of
the gate valve must be fully open or fully closed.
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Figure 4. Gate Valve

e) Strainer
Function : Strainer is used to Strainer the fluid that will go into the pump from dirty
seawater.
The sea water and fresh water systems on board ship are provided with line
Strainers in order to trap the solid impurities flowing in the system. Normally the sea
water sides has more number of Strainers incorporated in the line as compared to
the fresh water system as the later is a closed system. The different applications for
water Strainers are:
- Sea Chest Strainer
It is fitted in the main suction line of the sea water inlet system to the ship. The
filter is casing normally fitted with marine growth preventive system. Normally a
strainer is used in the sea chest so that the flow of water in the sea line is
always maintained.
- Fresh Water System Filter
All the fresh water system such as drinking water system, sanitary water system,
boiler feed water system etc. are incorporated with a line filter in the suction
side of the pump.

f) Bellmouthed Pipe End

Function : Bellmounted used to makes it easy to the direction of fluid flow in the
suction bilge well. Bellmounted enlarged funnel-shaped end. Bellmounted used in
the suction pipe ends bilge well.
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Figure 5. Bellmounted pipe end

g) Bulkhead Fitting Watertight, Flange

Function : A watertight bulkhead flange fittings used in the watertight bulkhead.

Watertight bulkhead fittings located on pipes that penetrate the watertight bulkhead
such as bulkhead load space, and the front bulkhead of the engine room.

h) Pressure Indicator
Function : Pressure indicators are used to gauge fluid pressure. Pressure indicator
placed on the suction and discharge side of the pump.

Figure 6. Pressure Indicator

i) Safety Valve

Function : Safety valve is used to resolve back pressure on the discharge side of the
pump when the pressure on the discharge side of excess. Safety valve used on the
discharge side of the pump is connected to the suction side of the pump.
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Figure 7. Safety Valve

j) Flexible Coupling
Function : Flexible Coupling is a flexible coupling and is used to prevent pipe the
breaking because of the motion of the ship. Flexible coupling is used in the main
pipe Ballast System.
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VI. DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
Key
NO Reference Parameter Design
Equipment
At least two power driven ballast pumps are to be
provided, one of which may be driven by the propulsion
unit. Sanitary, bilge and general service pumps may be
ABS 2017 Part accepted as independent power ballast pumps.
4 Chapter 6 Alternative means of deballasting, such as an eductor
Sec. 4-7.3 or a suitable liquid cargo pump with an appropriate
temporary connection to the ballast system [see 5C-1-
7/5.3.1(c)], may be accepted in lieu of a second ballast
pump.

Ballast Where only one ballast pump is provided, a second

1
Pumps means of deballasting is to be provided. This may be by
ABS 2017 Part
means of an eductor or a temporary connection
5C Chapter 1
between the ballast and cargo piping. The temporary
Sec. 7-5.3.1(c)
connection may be a portable spool piece arranged in
accordance with 5C-1-7/3.3.4(d).

Ballast pumps are to be located in the cargo pump

ABS 2017 Part room or other similar spaces within the cargo area and
5C Chapter 1 are to comply with the same requirements as cargo
Sec. 7-5.3.1(b) pumps in 5C-1-7/3.3.1(c), 5C-1-7/3.3.1(d) and 5C-1-
7/3.3.1(e)
Valves controlling flow to ballast tanks are to be
arranged so that they will remain closed at all times
ABS 2017 Part except when ballasting. Where butterfly valves are
4 Chapter 6 used, they are to be of a type with positive holding
Ballast Sec. 4-7.5.1 arrangements, or equivalent, that will prevent
2 Piping and movement of the valve position due to vibration or flow
Valves of fluids.
ABS 2017 Part Remote control valves, where fitted, are to be arranged
4 Chapter 6 so that they will close and remain closed in the event of
Sec. 4-7.5.2 loss of control power. Alternatively, the remote control
valves may
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remain in the last ordered position upon loss of power,

provided that there is a readily accessible manual
means to close the valves upon loss of power.

To minimize cross-contamination, where passing

through fuel oil tanks, unless being led through pipe
tunnel, ballast lines are to be of steel or equivalent [see
ABS 2017 Part 4-6-4/5.5.4(c)] having a thickness at least as required
4 Chapter 6 by column D of 4-6-2/Table 4. The number of joints in
Sec. 4-7.5.4 these lines is to be kept to a minimum. Pipe joints are
to be welded or heavy flanged (e.g., one pressure rating
higher). The line within the tank is to be installed with
expansion bends. Slip joints are not permitted.

Ballast Where a ballast water treatment system is to be

ABS 2017 Part
Water installed, it is to comply with the requirements in
3 4 Chapter 6
Treatment Sections 4 and 5 of the ABS Guide for Ballast Water
Sec. 4-7.7
Systems Treatment and the same is to be verified by ABS.

Provisions are to be made so that segregated ballast

Discharge
ABS 2017 Part can be discharged above the waterline in the deepest
of
4 5C Chapter 1 ballast condition. Discharge below the waterline is
Segregated
Sec. 7-5.3.3 permitted if discharge procedures in accordance with
Ballast
MARPOL 73/78 Annex I are adhered to.

The fire main may be used for ballasting, or

ABS 2017 Part
Use of fire deballasting with eductors, provided the branch pipe
5 5C Chapter 1
main from the fire main used for this purpose is led from the
Sec. 7-5.3.3
upper deck and fitted with a stop-check valve.
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VII. SUMMARY OF CALCULATION
1. Calculated of Main Ballast Pipe
Main Pipe Diameter dH = 148,91 mm
= 5,86 inches

Spesification of pipe according to

Nominal Diameter = 150 A
Inside Diameter dH = 151 mm
= 5,945 inches
Outside Diameter da = 165,2 mm
= 6,504 inches
Thickness = 7,1 mm
= 0,280 inches
Material = Carbon steel galvanized
Class Pipe = Class II

3. Calculated Capacity of Pump

3
Q = 125,3 m /h
3
= 0,035 m /s

4. Calculated of Head Ballast Pump

Hs = 10,49 m
Hp = 0 m
Hv = 0 m
ML1s = 2,0479 m
ML1d = 0,3466 m
MLs = 1,9449 m
MLd = 1,102 m
total = 16 m

5. Pump Spesification
Maker = Shanghai SILI Pump (125CLH-19A)
Type of Pump = 125CLH-19A
Pressure (bar) = 0
NPSH (m) = 0
Q (m3/h) = 135
H (m) = 26,5
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Pump's Electric motor

Power (kW) = 30
Voltage (Volt) = 380V
Freq (Hz) = 50 Hz
IP number = 2900

VIII. DETAIL OF CALCULATION

See attachment of Doc.No. 04 - 5019 23 AI065 - BL

IX. SPESIFICATION OF EQUIPMENTS

See attachment of Doc.No. 04 - 5019 23 AI065 - BL

X. DRAWING OF SYSTEM
See attachment of Dwg.No. 04 - 5019 23 AI065 - BL
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a Ship Data
Lpp = 135,890 m L / B = 6,073
Lwl = 141,325 m B / L = 0,165
Bmld = 22,377 m T / L = 0,072
Hmld = 14,484 m
T = 9,737 m
Cb = 0,740
Vs = 14,000 Knot
= 7,202 m/s
3
ρ = 1,025 ton / m (density of sea water)
2
υ = 0,000001030 m /s (viscosity of sea water)
2
g = 9,810 m/s

a. Calculation of Volume displacement (▼)

▼ = L X B X T X Cb
= 141.3x22.377x9,737x0,74
3
= 22786,51 m

b. Calculation of displacement ( ∆ )
∆ = ▼x ρ
= 22786,51 x 1.025
= 23356,16911 Ton

Ballast (Wb)
= 15% x Δ
= 15% x 23356.1691
= 2569,179 ton

V water = W ballast / γ sea water

3
ballast = 2506,52 m
3
volume of ballast tank = 2506,516 m
Based on General Arrangement Doc 03 - 42 19 100 - TC,
Total Volume of Ballast Tank = 2606,776
c. Calculation of capacity ballast pump
Volume is planned to be vacated in time = 20 hour
So this capacity is
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Q = V/t
= 2606.78/20
3
= 125,326 m /hr
3
= 0,035 m /s

d. Calculation of diameter main pipe ballast

Q = Axv

Where :
A = area of pipe = π x D²/4
v = velocity ( 2 - 4) m/s, we use = 2 m/s

Q = Axv
2
= π x dH / 4 x v

dH = Q  4 
 v
= ((0.035 x 4)/3,14 x 2))^0.5
= 0,1489 m
= 148,91 mm
= 5,863 inch

Then for Ballast main pipe, it will be use carbon steel galvanized pipe
according to JIS Japan Sizes G 3452/G3454:
Nominal Diameter 150 A
Inside diameter 5,9 inch 151,0 mm
Thickness 0,2795 inch 7,1 mm
Outside diameter 6,5039 inch 165,2 mm

e. Calculation of ballast pump

1) Calculation installation in E/R
Head static (Hs) = T + 0.75
Hs = 10,49 m
Head pressure (Hp) = (Pdis - Psuc)/γ
Hp = 1 atm - 1 atm
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= 0 m
Head Velocity (Hv) due to the speed between the suction side and out the
same then:
Hv = (v2dis - v2suc)/2g
= 0 m where: (v dis = v suc)

2) Calculation of head losses in suction pipe

Major losses :

Re = ( D x V ) / υ

Head due to friction in the suction pipe

Where:
o 2
υ = 0,822 on 30 C = 0,00000082 m /s
dH = 151,0 mm
V = 2,0 m/s
Then:
Rn = (dH x V) / υ
= (80.5x4)/0.00000082
= 367396,6 if Re <2300,"laminer"
= turbulen if Re >2300,"turbulen"

Major losses = λ x L x v^2 / (D x 2g)

Where:
λ = 0,02+0,0005/D
= 0.02+0.0005/146,6
= 0,0233 0,020003
L = 65 m
V = 2 m/s
D = 151,0 mm

Then:
2
hf = λ x L x v / ( D x 2g)
2
= 0.0224 x 80 x 4 / (80.5/1000) x 2 x 9.8)
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= 2,048 m 1,757285081

Minor losses (head because of the accessories that exist on the pipe)

No Type N k nxk
1 Elbow 90o 1 0,75 0,75
2 Butterfly Valve 2 0,6 1,2
3 SDNRV-R 1 1,35 1,35
3 Penetration 9 0,02 0,18
4 Bellmouth 1 0,05 0,05
4 Strainer 2 2,5 5
4 T Joint 1 1 1
Total 9,53
2
Minor Losses (hl) = k total x v / (2g)
²
= 8,53 x 4 / (2 x 9.8)
= 1,945 m

3) Calculation of head at the discharge pipe

Major losses = λ x L x v^2 / (D x 2g)

Where:
λ = 0,02+0,0005/D
= 0.02+0.0005/0.2047
= 0,0233 0,020003311
L = 11 m
V = 2 m/s
D = 151,0 mm
Then:
2
hf = λ x L x v / ( D x 2g)
= 0.0234 x 17 x 42 / 0.2047 x 2 x 9.8)
= 0,347 0,297386706
Minor losses (head because of the accessories that exist on the pipe)
No type N k nxk
1 Elbow 90o 2 0,75 1,5
2 Butterfly Valve 2 0,6 1,2
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3 SDNRV 2 1,35 2,7
Total 5,4

2
Minor Losses (hl) = k total x v / (2g)
2
= 5,4 x 4 / (2 x 9.8)
= 1,102 m

f Conclusion
Total head losses (Hl) = hs + hv + hp + hf1 + hl1 + hf2 + hl2

= 16 m

a. Requirements for main Ballast System

3
Q = 125,33 m /h
H = 16 m

b) Pump spesification

Main Ballast Pump Spesification

Maker = Shanghai SILI Pump
Merk = 125CLH-19A
Capacity = 135 m3/h
Head = 26,5 m
Rpm = 2900 rpm
Power = 30 kW
Specification of Water Ballast
Pump's Electric motor treatment
Power (kW) = 30 kW Brand = Alfa Laval
Voltage (Volt) = 380V Model = PureBallast 3
Freq (Hz) = 50 Hz Capacity = 135 m3/h
RPM = 2900 RPM
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IX. ATTACHMENT

General Service Pump Specification

Water Ballast Treatment Datasheet

X. DRAWING OF SYSTEM
See attachment of Dwg.No. 02- 5019 23 AI065 - BL