SOFTWARE ENGINEERING

(Week-12)

USAMA MUSHARAF
LECTURER (Department of Computer
Science)
FAST-NUCES PESHAWAR
CONTENT OF WEEK # 12

 Software Deployment
 Large scale software deployment
 Virtualization
 Containerization
 Intro to Dockers
 Dockers Installation
 Docker Commands
 Containerizing an App
SOFTWARE DEPLOYMENT
 IN PAST

Usually One App and one server rule.

 Reasons were
 Unable to judge resources
 Different Infrastructure and dependencies

 Disadvantages
 Very Costly
 Resource Wastage
 Many Servers to manage
VIRTUALIZATION
 VIRTUALIZATION

VMware in 1998….
 Come with Virtualization
 Multiple App on a Single Server
 Different OS and dependencies on the
same server using VMs
 Better than old one
 Saves resources

 Disadvantages
 OS consume a lot of resources.
 Licensing Cost of OS
CONTAINERIZATION
 CONTAINERIZATION

Containerization is a method to package an

application so it can be run, with its
dependencies, isolated from other processes.

 Diffbetween Container and Virtual

Machine
 Single OS
 Less Hardware resource
DOCKER
DOCKER

 Docker is not a container.

 Docker is a software that manages containers.
 Docker engine is a core software that runs and manages
containers.
 A platform for building, running and shipping applications.
DOCKER ARCHITECTURE
DOCKER ARCHITECTURE

 Docker uses client/server architecture.

It has a client component that talks to
the server using a RESTful API.

 The server is also called the Docker

engine (or daemon) runs in the
background and is responsible for
doing the actual work.
DOCKER ARCHITECTURE
DOCKER ARCHITECTURE

 Docker Daemon
 Docker Daemon listens for API
requests and manages docker
objects such as images, network,
volumes.
DOCKER ARCHITECTURE

 Containerd
 Bridge between daemon and runc.
 It helps in
 Starting and Stopping Containers
 Pausing and unpausing
 Destroying containers
DOCKER ARCHITECTURE

 Runc
 Runc often refer as a container
runtime.
 To create containers.
 DOCKER ARCHITECTURE

 Shim
 Usedfor the implementation of
daemonless containers.
 Shim makes it possible to maintain
and upgrades without impacting
running containers.
 (no need to stop and kill
containers)
DOCKER INSTALLATION
INSTALLATION STEPS

 Install Docker
 sudo apt-get install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
DOCKER COMMANDS

 docker -- version
 docker info
 docker version
IMAGES
DOCKER IMAGE

Image
 A container image is a lightweight,
standalone, executable package of
software that includes everything
needed to run an application.
 Code
 Runtime
 System Tools
 System Libraries
 Settings
 Images become containers when they run
on Docker Engine.
 Images are made up of multiple layers.
DOCKER IMAGE

Image
 Inside of the image is A cut-down operating system (OS), and all of the files and dependencies
required to run an application.
 In this way, each layer contains different things required to run a containerized app.
 Common layers among different images are downloadable only once and get reuse in all images.

 We build containers based on images and that is why images are sometimes called stopped
containers.
 We can create images from actual stopped containers.
DOCKER IMAGE

Image

Once the container is up and running made from an image, the two constructs become
dependent on each other and you cannot delete the image until the last container using it has
been stopped and destroyed.

The purpose of container is to run an application.

However, containers are all about being fast and lightweight.

Official Ubuntu Docker image which is about 120 MB.
 BUILDING IMAGE

Build Image

docker build -t first-docker-app .

Image Listing

docker image ls / docker images


Removing Image Docker File has two main purposes

docker image rm first-docker-app:latest


To describe an application

Note:
Images are used for creating containers.

To tell Docker how to containerize the
application
We cannot delete an image until the last
container using it has been stopped and
destroyed.
 IMAGE REGISTRIES

 Docker Images are portable.

 Docker images are stored in image registries,

the most common registry is Docker Hub. (
https://hub.docker.com)

 Image registries contains multiple

repositories.

 Image repositories contains multiple images.

 Docker hub has a concept of official and

unofficial registries.
PUSH IMAGES TO DOCKER HUB

docker push usama9876/first-docker-app:latest

Error
 The push refers to repository [docker.io/usama9876/first-docker-app]
 An image does not exist locally with the tag: usama9876/first-docker-app

 docker tag first-docker-app usama9876/first-docker-app

 docker push usama9876/first-docker-app:latest

PULL IMAGES FROM DOCKER HUB

 Addressing images from official repositories

 Docker image pull <repository> : <tag>
 E.g. docker image pull ubuntu : 18.0

 Addressing images from unofficial repositories

 Docker image pull username/<repository> : <tag>
 E.g. docker image pull usama/abc : latest

 If you do not specify an image tag after the repository name, docker
will assume that you are referring to the image tagged as latest.
RUNNING A CONTAINER
RUNNING A CONTAINER

 A container is the runtime instance of an image.

 docker run -it usama/helloworld sh
 docker run -d usama/helloworld
 docker run -d –p 5000:80 usama/helloworld
RUNNING A CONTAINER

Some more commands.

 docker container ls / docker ps
 docker container ls –a / docker ps –a
 docker container start container name/id
 docker container stop container name/id
 docker container rm container name/id
 exit vs ctrl+pq
 docker exec -it container name
CONTAINERIZING A SIMPLE HTML-JS
APP FROM SCRATCH
CONTAINERIZING AN APP FROM SCRATCH

Container
 CONTAINERIZING AN APP FROM SCRATCH

The process of taking an application and

configuring it to run as a container is
called containerization or dockerization.
Steps:
 Start with your application code.
 Create a docker file that describes your
app, its dependencies, and how to run
it.
 Feed this docker file into the docker
image build command to create an
image.
 Create and run a container from that
image.
DOCKER FILE
 DOCKER FILES FOR CONTAINERIZING AN APP

Html css js Application

Docker File PHP Application

Demo
FROM nginx:latest
COPY . /usr/share/nginx/html
BIND MOUNT
BIND MOUNT

Data Persistence

Data does not persist when container no longer exists.

Docker has two options for containers to store files in that host machine so that the files are persisted
even after the container stops
 Volumes
 Bind Mounts

 By using bind mount, a file or directory on the host machine mounted into a container.
BIND MOUNT

Command for Bind Mount:

docker container run -it --name=test-application -v /home/usama/testing-folder:/container-testing-folder

usama9876/first-docker-app sh

echo "Testing Bind Mount" > msg.txt

# ls
msg.txt
# cat msg.txt
Testing Bind Mount


Delete this container


Now bind another container with this mounted folder on host.
HAVE A GOOD DAY!