The Management Model the management model facilitated the school’s centralized educational functions, tasks,

and behaviors through hierarchical directions Boyatzis laid the foundation’s management model, offering an
empirical view of the total management system approach.

The Distributive/Democratic Model This model continued as an influential and resilient perspective contributing to
the understanding and using effective leadership within educational policies and practices. Harris and DeFlaminis
(2016) considered this democratic approach as shared abilities and the leadership team’s commitment, emphasizing
practices and interactive involvement in each situation. Bennett et al. (2003) guided the recognized distributive
leadership model’s uniqueness to involve a network of leaders and other stakeholders with competencies to
formulate the policies and apply effective operations

The Instructional Leadership Model This model represented another established perspective, strengthening
successful leadership to influence and improve teaching and learning. Cuban (1988) noted that management and
strategic distribution of leadership responsibilities continued, but instructional leaders’ image emerged
simultaneously with the call to influence positive school learning outcomes.

Leadership is a process by which an executive can direct, guide and influence the behavior and work of others
towards accomplishment of specific goals in a given situation. Leadership is the ability of a manager to induce the
subordinates to work with confidence and zeal.

-the potential to influence behaviour of others. It is also defined as the capacity to influence a group towards the
realization of a goal. Leaders are required to develop future visions, and to motivate the organizational members to
want to achieve the visions.

 According to Keith Davis, “Leadership is the ability to persuade others to seek defined objectives
enthusiastically. It is the human factor which binds a group together and motivates it towards goals.”

Three Dimensions of Leadership arise from this working definition

• Leadership as influence

Leadership involves a social influence process whereby intentional influence is exerted by one person [or group]
over other people [or groups] to structure activities and relationships in a group or organization.

Leadership and values

The notion of ‘influence’ is neutral in that it does not explain or recommend what goals or actions should be
pursued. However, leadership is increasingly linked with values.

Leadership and vision

Vision has been regarded as an essential component of effective leadership for more than 20 years. Southworth
(1993: 23–4) suggests that heads are motivated to work hard ‘because their leadership is the pursuit of their
individual visions’ (ibid.: 47).

Characteristics of Leadership

. It is a inter-personal process in which a manager is into influencing and guiding workers towards attainment of
goals.

. It denotes a few qualities to be present in a person which includes intelligence, maturity and personality.

. It is a group process. It involves two or more people interacting with each other.

A leader is involved in shaping and moulding the behaviour of the group towards accomplishment of
organizational goals.

Leadership is situation bound. There is no best style of leadership. It all depends upon tackling with the
situations.
 • Leadership is focused on vision, motivation, the future, and the teams and people in your school.
Management provides systems and processes essential to the smooth day-to-day running of the
school. Both leadership and management are essential for successful school development.

How can we develop emotional intelligence?

 Self-awareness: the first step towards developing emotional intelligence is to become more self-aware.

 • Empathy: empathy is the ability to understand and share the feelings of others.

 • Emotional regulation: emotional regulation is the ability to control your own emotions and respond to
situations in a calm and rational way.

 • Social skills: social skills are the ability to communicate effectively with others and build strong
relationships.

 • Continuous learning: developing emotional intelligence is a lifelong process that requires continuous
learning and growth.

 Emotional intelligence can also help leaders better manage conflicts and challenges that arise in the
workplace.

 Popularized by psychologist Daniel Goleman, emotional intelligence is defined as our capacity to be aware
of, to control, and to express emotions.

Six Emotional Leadership Styles

1. The Visionary Leader

The Visionary approach to leadership is summed up by the phrase, "Come with me.“

2. The Coaching Leader

The Coaching leader's approach is, "Try this.“

3. The Affiliative Leader

The Affiliative leader believes that "People come first.

4. The Democratic Leader

The Democratic Leader asks, "What do you think?"

5. The Pacesetting Leader

The Pacesetting leader says, "Do as I do, now."

6. The Commanding Leader

The Commanding Leader demands, "Do what I tell you."

Education

- the field of study that deals mainly with methods of teaching and learning in schools

EDUCATIONAL MANAGEMENT

- Management – can mean different things to different people at different times, and a variety of
definitions have been offered.

- Educational Management – is a field of study and practice concerned with the operation of educational
organizations.

EDUCATIONAL LEADERSHIP
 Leadership – to direct the operations, activity, or performance of

Educational Leadership – working and striving to create a positive change in educational policies and
processes on different educational institutions and other areas of concern.

Leaders

set goals and if needed, a new direction, even challenging status. They are visionaries, they stay on front
lines, spearhead the team, motivating and leading them to reach the goal.

MANAGERS, on the other hand maintain the status, conforms to established statues and standards,
managing things and individuals inside and around the boundaries that have been set, organizing and
directing to achieve the desired outcome within these limits.

EM vs. EL

 Planning Vision

 Budgeting Motivation

 Organizing Inspiration

 Controlling Persuasion
 Coordinating Teamwork

 Resource use Building Relationship

 Time Management Listening

 Decision Making Counselling

 Problem Solving Coaching

 Teaching and Mentoring

Humanistic

has been designed by Craig Nathanson and illustrates a number of skills, personality traits and behaviors that
according to the author, drive positive leadership results.
Transformational Model

-is style in which leaders encourage, inspire and motivate employees to innovate and create change that will
help grow and leadership shape the future success of the organization. This is accomplished by setting an
example at the executive level through a strong sense of corporate culture, employee ownership and
independence in the workplace.

Educational management

The planning, organizing, directing, coordinating, and assessing of educational institution policies, programs, and
activities is referred to as educational management. It entails making efficient use of the resources at hand,
creating curriculum and teaching techniques, and putting instructional strategies into practice in order to
support student learning. Along with partnering with parents, members of the community, and other
educational stakeholders, educational administration also includes hiring, selecting, training, and evaluating staff
employees. Student academic achievement and the overall efficacy of educational institutions depend on
competent educational management.

Educational leadership

The administration and direction given by persons in leadership positions in educational institutions is referred
to as educational leadership. To ensure that students receive excellent academic experiences and achieve the
intended results, these leaders are in charge of directing the vision, policies, procedures, and operations of their
organizations.

Strong interpersonal and communication skills, strategic planning prowess, and comprehensive knowledge of
the educational landscape are all requirements for effective educational leaders. They must be able to create
and implement policies and procedures that promote student success and aid in the staff's personal and
professional development. Additionally, they must be able to work effectively with other stakeholders, including
parents, local authorities, and policymakers, to forge alliances that promote student accomplishment.
Principals are a few examples of educational leaders.

The key difference between a leader and a manager is the way they motivate and guide their teams:

1. Vision: Leaders inspire and guide their team towards a shared vision and long-term goals, while managers
focus on executing tasks and achieving short-term objectives.

2. Communication: Leaders communicate the why behind tasks to create a sense of purpose, while managers
communicate the how to accomplish tasks and meet deadlines.

3. Innovation: Leaders encourage creativity and innovation in their teams, while managers focus on efficiency
and productivity.

4. Risk-taking: Leaders tend to be more willing to take risks and experiment with new ideas, while managers
prefer to minimize risks and maintain stability.

5. Focus on people: Leaders prioritize their team's well-being and professional development, while managers
focus on maximizing productivity and meeting business goals

Overall, leaders inspire and motivate their team to achieve a shared vision, while managers focus on planning,
organizing and controlling tasks to achieve organizational objectives.
1.Transformational Leader - They inspire and motivate their team by creating a clear vision and setting high
expectations. They focus on development and growth, encourage innovation, and have excellent communication
skills

2. Servant Leader - They focus on serving and supporting their team members, putting their needs first. They
prioritize collaboration, empathy and create a culture of inclusion

3. Authentic Leader - They lead with honesty and transparency, expressing their true self rather than a persona, and
encourage their team to do the same. They value trust and show a high level of integrity and emotional intelligence.

4. Visionary Leader - They have a clear idea of the future and communicate that vision to their team. They have
excellent strategic skills and can set a course to achieve a shared goal.

5. Situational Leader - They can adapt their leadership style to match the needs of the situation. They recognise the
strengths and weaknesses of their team and adjust their approach to meet their needs.

Example of transformational leadership

1. Barack Obama – During his presidency, Obama transformed the political landscape through his transformational
leadership style, which focused on inspiring and motivating people to work towards a common goal.

2. Nelson Mandela – Mandela's transformational leadership style was instrumental in bringing about the end of
apartheid in South Africa, promoting reconciliation, and fostering unity among people of different backgrounds.

3. Oprah Winfrey – Through her media empire, Winfrey uses her transformational leadership style to inspire and
empower women around the world to achieve their fullest potential.

4. Steve Jobs – As the co-founder and CEO of Apple, Jobs transformed the tech industry through his visionary
leadership, which focused on creating innovative products that changed people's lives.

5. Mahatma Gandhi – Gandhi's transformational leadership style was characterized by his unwavering commitment
to non-violent resistance and civil disobedience, which led to India's independence from British rule.

6. Richard Branson – The founder of Virgin Group, Branson is known for his transformational leadership style, which
is focused on encouraging creativity, risk-taking, and innovation to drive growth and success.
7. Martin Luther King Jr. – King's transformational leadership style was instrumental in the Civil Rights Movement, as
he inspired people to fight for equal rights and justice through his speeches and acts of civil dis obedience

ABS-CBN, one of the biggest media companies in the Philippines, is a transformational