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Oracle For Developers (DBMS - SQL) - ClassBook-Lesson03

SQL is used to communicate with a database and perform tasks like update, retrieve, insert, delete, and update data. It is a non-procedural language that allows users to access and execute queries on a database. There are standard SQL statement groups including DQL for queries, DML for data manipulation, DDL for database structure, and TCL for transactions. The document also discusses using SQL*Plus to log into an Oracle server and interact with SQL statements.

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24 views12 pages

Oracle For Developers (DBMS - SQL) - ClassBook-Lesson03

SQL is used to communicate with a database and perform tasks like update, retrieve, insert, delete, and update data. It is a non-procedural language that allows users to access and execute queries on a database. There are standard SQL statement groups including DQL for queries, DML for data manipulation, DDL for database structure, and TCL for transactions. The document also discusses using SQL*Plus to log into an Oracle server and interact with SQL statements.

Uploaded by

gouthami123urs
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DBMS SQL

Lesson 03: Basics of


SQL
Lesson Objectives

➢To understand the following topics:


• Interacting SQL using SQL *Plus
• Using SQL *Plus
• What is SQL?
• Rules for SQL statements
• Standard SQL Statement Groups
3.1: SQL

What is SQL?

➢SQL:
• SQL stands for Structured Query Language.
• SQL is used to communicate with a database.
• Statements are used to perform tasks such as update data on a
database, or retrieve data from a database.
• Benefits of SQL are:
• It is a Non-Procedural Language.
• It is a language for all users.
• It is a unified language.
What can SQL do?

➢SQL
• allows you to access a database.
• can execute queries against a database.
• can retrieve data from a database.
• can insert new records into a database.
• can delete records from a database.
• can update records in a database.
3.2: SQL

Rules for SQL statements

➢Rules for SQL statements:


• SQL keywords are not case sensitive. However, normally all
commands (SELECT, UPDATE, etc) are upper-cased.
• “Variable” and “parameter” names are displayed as lower-case.
• New-line characters are ignored in SQL.
• Many DBMS systems terminate SQL statements with a semi-colon
character.
• “Character strings” and “date values” are enclosed in single
quotation marks while using them in WHERE clause or otherwise.
3.3: SQL

Standard SQL statement groups


Given below are the standard SQL statement groups:

Groups Statements Description


DQL SELECT DATA QUERY LANGUAGE – It is used to get data from
the database and impose ordering upon it.

DML DELETE DATA MANIPULATION LANGUAGE – It is used to change


INSERT database data.
UPDATE
MERGE

DDL DROP DATA DEFINITION LANGUAGE – It is used to manipulate


TRUNCATE database structures and definitions.
CREATE
ALTER

TCL COMMIT TCL statements are used to manage the transactions.


ROLLBACK
SAVEPOINT

DCL REVOKE They are used to remove and provide access rights to
(Rights) GRANT database objects.
SQL* Plus Tool
Logging to Oracle Server using iSQLPlus

➢To log into the iSQL*Plus environment:


• In the Windows browser, type the URL in the address field. The user
will be directed to iSQL*Plus environment screen.
Logging to Oracle Server using iSQLPlus

➢To connect to the Oracle server:


• Select Start, go to Programs, and select Oracle-OraHome8I.
• Go to Application Development, and select SQL Plus. You will get the
following logon screen:

Connect to SQL*Plus
Summary

➢In this lesson, you have learnt:


• What is SQL?
• Rules for SQL statements
• Standard SQL statement groups
• SQL*PLUS environment
Review Question

➢Question 1: SQL ___.


• Option 1: cannot execute queries against a database.
• Option 2: can manipulate data from a database.
• Option 3: cannot retrieve data from a database.
• Option 4: can insert new records in a database.
• Option 5: can delete records from a database.
Review Question

➢Question 2: SQL categories are ___.


• Option 1: DDL
• Option 2: DML
• Option 3: DSL
• Option 4: DQL
• Option 5: TCL
• Option 6: TDL

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