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Internet

The Internet is a global network of billions of computers and other

INTERNET electronic devices. With the Internet, it's possible to access almost any
information, communicate with anyone else in the world, and do much
more.

Fundamental of I.T

What is the Web? Fiber Optic

Fiber optics is a technology that uses glass (or plastic) threads (fibers) to transmit data. A fiber optic cable
The World Wide Web—usually called the Web for short—is a collection of consists of a bundle of glass threads, each of which is capable of transmitting messages modulated onto

different websites you can access through the Internet. A website is light waves.

made up of related text, images, and other resources. Websites can Single-mode: Has a thin core (between 8 & 10 microns) designed to carry a single light ray long
distances (up to 60km or further). Single-mode cable uses a laser diode as a light source. Typical uses
resemble other forms of media—like newspaper articles or television
include cable TV and telephone companies.
programs—or they can be interactive in a way that's unique to computers.
Multi-mode: Has a thicker core (62.5 microns) than single-mode cable; carries multiple light rays for short
distances (up to 10km). Multi-mode cable uses an LED light source. Typical uses include local and
metropolitan area networks (LANs & MANs).
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Fiber optic devices and cables use one of several

connector types:

SC: uses square connectors

LC: uses lucent connectors

ST: uses round connectors

A few other advantages that fiber optics presents is: Cables

• Fiber optic cables have a much greater bandwidth than metal cables. This means they can carry more data.

• Fiber optic cables are less susceptible than metal cables to electromagnetic interference (EMI).
Prior to the advent of fiber optics, the
fastest internet service available to home
• Fiber optic cables are much thinner and lighter than metal wires.
and business customers was cable
• Data can be transmitted digitally (the natural form for computer data) rather than analogically. internet. Cable internet is a form of
broadband internet access which uses the
• Very secure medium data transmission.
same RG6 coaxial cable as a cable
A few disadvantages of fiber optic cabling are: television, but adds a device called a cable
modem to convert the signal for use by
• Difficult to install (made of fragile glass [silica] or plastic fibers) computers and home/business networks.
• Higher cost than cable or DSL wiring.
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Advantages of cable:

“Always-on” connection.

Faster than dial-up connections or DSL.

Disadvantages of cable:

Speeds are sometimes slower than fiber or depend on how many people in an area are connected at once
because the neighborhood shares an ISP backbone (main connection to ISP).

Not available in all places.

DSL (Digital Subscriber Line)

DSL is a communications medium used to DSL advantages: DSL disadvantages:

transfer digital signals over standard
Faster than dial-up connections. Inconsistent internet connection speeds.
telephone lines. Along with cable internet,
DSL is one of the most popular ways ISPs Users can connect to the internet and talk on the Available in limited distances from service provider.
provide broadband internet access. DSL phone simultaneously (unlike dial-up).
Speeds drop the greater the distance from the connection to the
used by telephone companies to provide internet (also known as the central office or central switch).
internet services at speeds much faster than
Slower than cable or fiber connections.
that allowed by analog (dial-up) internet
services while allowing traditional analog
telephones and devices such as fax
machines to share the same connection.
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Wireless Radio Frequency

Wireless internet service is a type Radio frequency wireless is also known as fixed wireless service. A fixed
There are 3 types of wireless
of internet service that provisions wireless ISP (WISP) uses a signal tower to send and receive microwave-
connectivity through wireless
categories:
frequency radio signals.
means. Wireless internet service for •Radio Frequency (RF)
homes & businesses permits •Satellite
locations that are beyond the
•Cellular
reach of fiber, cable, or DSL
services to connect to the internet.

Satellite
Satellite advantages are: Unreliable; weather conditions can affect connection.
Satellite internet access is antennas) to connect with
internet access provided geosynchronous No geographic barriers; can reach places where cable Data caps are common with satellite providers.
or fiber are not available.
through communications communication satellites Slow ping rate unsuitable for gaming, video chat, and

Faster than dial-up connections. VoIP.

satellites. Satellite internet orbiting over the equator.
services are often bundled with Satellite disadvantages are:
satellite TV service. Satellite
Expensive installation.
internet service uses oval
Equipment costs can be expensive (modem & dish).
satellite antennas (very similar
in appearance to satellite TV
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Cellular

Cellular internet service is built into

smartphones. There are two ways for
other devices such as tablets and PCs
to use cellular internet services:

• Adding a cellular radio and data plan

• Connecting to a mobile hotspot