This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles

for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Designation: A536 − 84 (Reapproved 2019)´1

Standard Specification for

Ductile Iron Castings1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A536; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.

ε1 NOTE—Footnote 3 was editorially corrected in May 2019.

1. Scope 2.2 Military Standard:3

1.1 This specification covers castings made of ductile iron, MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage
also known as spheroidal or nodular iron, which is described as
cast iron with the graphite substantially spheroidal in shape and 3. Ordering Information
essentially free of other forms of graphite, as defined in 3.1 Orders for material to this specification shall include the
Terminology A644. following information:
1.2 No precise quantitative relationship can be stated be- 3.1.1 ASTM designation,
tween the properties of the iron in various locations of the same 3.1.2 Grade of ductile iron required (see Table 1, and
casting or between the properties of castings and those of a test Sections 4 and 9),
specimen cast from the same iron (see Appendix X1). 3.1.3 Special properties, if required (see Section 7),
3.1.4 If a different number of samples is required (see
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded Section 10),
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical 3.1.5 Certification, if required (see Section 14), and
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only 3.1.6 Special preparation for delivery, if required (see Sec-
and are not considered standard. tion 15).
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- 4. Tensile Requirements
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the 4.1 The iron represented by the test specimens shall con-
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- form to the requirements as to tensile properties presented in
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Tables 1 and 2. The irons listed in Table 1 cover those in
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. general use, while those listed in Table 2 are used for special
2. Referenced Documents applications (such as pipes, fittings, etc.).
2.1 ASTM Standards:2 4.2 The yield strength shall be determined at 0.2 % offset by
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing the offset method (see Test Methods E8/E8M). Other methods
of Steel Products may be used by mutual consent of the manufacturer and
A644 Terminology Relating to Iron Castings purchaser.
A732/A732M Specification for Castings, Investment, Car-
bon and Low Alloy Steel for General Application, and 5. Heat Treatment
Cobalt Alloy for High Strength at Elevated Temperatures 5.1 The 60-40-18 grade will normally require a full ferritiz-
E8/E8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Ma- ing anneal. The 120-90-02 and the 100-70-03 grades generally
terials require a quench and temper or a normalize and temper, or an
isothermal heat treatment. The other two grades can be met
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of the ASTM Committee A04 on either as-cast or by heat treatment. Ductile iron, which is heat
Iron Castings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A04.02 on Malleable treated by quenching to martensite and tempering, may have
and Ductile Iron Castings.
Current edition approved May 1, 2019. Published May 2019. Originally substantially lower fatigue strength than as-cast material of the
approved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as A536 – 84 (2014). same hardness.
DOI: 10.1520/A0536-84R19E01.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [email protected]. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from General Services Administration – Vendor Support Center,
the ASTM website. https://vsc.gsa.gov/administration/files/MIL-STD-129R.pdf.

Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States

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 A536 − 84 (2019)´1
TABLE 1 Tensile Requirements
Grade Grade Grade Grade Grade
60-40-18 65-45-12 80-55-06 100-70-03 120-90-02
Tensile strength, min, psi 60 000 65 000 80 000 100 000 120 000
Tensile strength, min, MPa 414 448 552 689 827
Yield strength, min, psi 40 000 45 000 55 000 70 000 90 000
Yield strength, min, MPa 276 310 379 483 621
Elongation in 2 in. or 50 mm, min, % 18 12 6.0 3.0 2.0

TABLE 2 Tensile Requirements for Special Applications

Grade Grade Grade
60-42-10 70-50-05 80-60-03
Tensile strength, min, psi 60 000 70 000 80 000
Tensile strength, min, MPa 415 485 555
Yield strength, min, psi 42 000 50 000 60 000
Yield strength, min, MPa 290 345 415
Elongation in 2 in. or 50 mm, 10 5 3
min, %

Y-Block Size
6. Test Coupons For Castings
For Castings For Castings
of Thickness
6.1 The separately cast test coupons from which the tension Dimen-
of Thickness 1⁄2 in.
of Thickness
test specimens are machined shall be cast to the size and shape Less Than of 11⁄2 in.
sions 1⁄2 in.
(13 mm) to
(38 mm)
shown in Fig. 1 or Fig. 2. A modified keel block cast from the 11⁄2 in.
(13 mm) and Over
(38 mm)
mold shown in Fig. 3 may be substituted for the 1-in. Y-block
in. mm in. mm in. mm
or the 1-in. keel block. The test coupons shall be cast in open
A ⁄
12 13 1 25 3 75
molds made of suitable core sand having a minimum wall B 1 5 ⁄8 40 2 1⁄ 8 54 5 125
thickness of 11⁄2 in. (38 mm) for the 1⁄2-in. (12.5-mm) and 1-in. C 2 50 3 75 4 100
(25-mm) sizes and 3 in. (75 mm) for the 3-in. size. The D 4 100 6 150 8 200
E 7 175 7 175 7 175
coupons shall be left in the mold until they have cooled to a approx approx approx approx approx approx
black color (approximately 900 °F (482 °C) or less). The size
of coupon cast to represent the casting shall be at the option of FIG. 2 Y-Blocks for Test Coupons
the purchaser. In case no option is expressed, the manufacturer
shall make the choice.
6.2 When investment castings are made to this specification,
the manufacturer may use test specimens cast to size incorpo-
rated in the mold with the castings, or separately cast to size
using the same type of mold and the same thermal conditions
that are used to produce the castings. These test specimens
shall be made to the dimensions shown in Fig. 1 of Specifica-
tion A732/A732M or Figs. 5 and 6 of Test Methods and
Definitions A370.
6.3 The manufacturer may use separately cast test coupons
or test specimens cut from castings when castings made to this
specification are nodularized or inoculated in the mold. Sepa-
rately cast test coupons shall have a chemistry that is repre-
sentative of castings produced from the ladle poured and a
cooling rate equivalent to that obtained with the test molds
shown in Figs. 1 and 2, Figs. 4-6, or Appendix X2. The size
(cooling rate) of the coupon chosen to represent the casting
should be decided by the purchaser. If test coupon size is not
specified, the manufacturer shall make the choice. When test
Metric Equivalents
in. mm in. mm bars will be cut from castings, test bar location shall be agreed
1 ⁄2 12.7 11 ⁄2 38.1 on by the purchaser and manufacturer and indicated on the
1 25.4 2 1 ⁄2 63.5
casting drawing. The manufacturer shall maintain sufficient
NOTE 1—The length of the keel block shall be 6 in. (152 mm). controls and control documentation to assure the purchaser that
properties determined from test coupons or test bars are
FIG. 1 Keel Block for Test Coupons representative of castings shipped.

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 A536 − 84 (2019)´1

FIG. 3 Mold for Modified Keel Block

FIG. 4 Sectioning Procedure for Y-Blocks

6.4 The test coupons shall be poured from the same ladle or 6.5 Test coupons shall be subjected to the same thermal
heat as the castings they represent. treatment as the castings they represent.

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 A536 − 84 (2019)´1
8.2 Castings shall not have chilled corners or center chill in
areas to be machined.

9. Chemical Requirements
9.1 It is the intent of this specification to subordinate
chemical composition to mechanical properties; however, any
chemical requirements may be specified by agreement between
the manufacturer and the purchaser.

10. Number of Tests and Retests

Metric Equivalents
in. mm in. mm 10.1 The number of representative coupons poured and
0.005 0.13 0.50 12.7
0.10 2.5 2 50.8
tested shall be established by the manufacturer, unless other-
1⁄ 8 3.2 wise agreed upon with the purchaser.
3⁄ 8 9.5 21⁄4 57.2
10.2 In the case of the Y-block, the section shall be cut from
NOTE 1—The gage length and fillets shall be as shown, but the ends the block as shown in Fig. 4. If any tension test specimen
may be of any shape to fit the holders of the testing machine in such a way shows obvious defects, another may be cut from the same test
that the load shall be axial. The reduced section shall have a gradual taper block or from another test block representing the same metal.
from the ends toward the center, with the ends 0.003 to 0.005 in. (0.08 to
0.13 mm) larger in diameter than the center.
11. Tension Test Specimen
FIG. 5 Standard Round Tension Test Specimen with 2-in. or 11.1 The standard round tension test specimen with a 2-in.
50-mm Gage Length or 50-mm gage length shown in Fig. 5 shall be used, except
when the 1⁄2-in. (12.7-mm) Y-block coupon is used. In this case,
either of the test specimens shown in Fig. 6 shall be satisfac-
tory.

12. Responsibility for Inspection

12.1 Unless otherwise specified in the contract or purchase
order, the supplier is responsible for the performance of all
inspection requirements as specified herein. Except as other-
wise specified in the contract or order, the supplier may use his
own or any other facilities suitable for the performance of the
inspection requirements specified herein, unless disapproved
by the purchaser. The purchaser reserves the right to perform
any of the inspections set forth in the specification where such
Metric Equivalents
inspections are deemed necessary to ensure supplies and
in. mm in. mm services conform to prescribed requirements.
0.005 0.13 1.0 25.4
0.007 0.18 11⁄4 31.8 13. Identification Marking
0.252 6.40 1.4 35.6
0.357 9.07 13⁄4 44.4 13.1 When size permits, each casting shall be identified by
the part or pattern number in raised numerals. Location of
NOTE 1—If desired, the length of the reduced section may be increased
to accommodate an extensometer. marking shall be as shown on the applicable drawing.

FIG. 6 Examples of Small-Size Specimens Proportional to Stan- 14. Certification

dard 1⁄2-in. (12.7-mm) Round Specimen
14.1 When agreed upon in writing by the purchaser and the
seller, a certification shall be made the basis of acceptance of
the material. This shall consist of a copy of the manufacturer’s
7. Special Requirements test report or a statement by the seller, accompanied by a copy
7.1 When specified in the contract or purchase order, of the test results, that the material has been sampled, tested,
castings shall meet special requirements as to hardness, chemi- and inspected in accordance with provisions of this specifica-
cal composition, microstructure, pressure tightness, radio- tion. Each certification so furnished shall be signed by an
graphic soundness, magnetic particle inspection dimensions, authorized agent of the seller or manufacturer.
and surface finish.
15. Preparation for Delivery
8. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance 15.1 Unless otherwise specified in the contract or purchase
8.1 The castings shall be smooth, free of injurious defects, order, cleaning, drying, preservation, and packaging of casting
and shall conform substantially to the dimensions of the shall be in accordance with manufacturer’s commercial prac-
drawing or pattern supplied by the purchaser. tice. Packing and marking shall also be adequate to ensure

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 A536 − 84 (2019)´1
acceptance and safe delivery by the carrier for the mode of 16. Keywords
transportation employed. 16.1 casting; ductile iron; nodular iron; spheroidal graphite
15.2 Government Procurement—When specified in the con-
tract or purchase order, marking for shipment shall be in
accordance with the requirements of MIL-STD-129.

APPENDIXES

(Nonmandatory Information)

X1. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CASTINGS

X1.1 The mechanical properties of iron castings are influ- various locations of the same casting or between the properties
enced by the cooling rate during and after solidification, by of a casting and those of a test specimen cast from the same
chemical composition, by heat treatment, by the design and iron. When such a relationship is important and must be known
nature of the mold, by the location and effectiveness of gates for a specific application, it may be more closely ascertained by
and risers, and by certain other factors. appropriate experimentation.
X1.2 The cooling rate in the mold and, therefore, the X1.3 When reliable information is unavailable on the rela-
properties developed in any particular section are influenced by tionship between properties in a casting and those in a
the presence of cores, chills and chaplets, changes in section
separately cast test specimen, and where experimentation
thickness, and the existence of bosses, projections, and
would be unfeasible, the size of the test casting should be so
intersections, such as junctions of ribs and bosses. Because of
selected as to approximate the cooling rate of the main or
the interactions of these factors, no precise quantitative rela-
tionship can be stated between the properties of the iron in controlling section of the casting.

X2. Y-BLOCK SELECTION

X2.1 As a general guide for selection of the proper Y-block, TABLE X2.1 Equivalent Geometric Shapes Corresponding
the tabulation in Table X2.1, based on cooling rates, shows, for to Y-Blocks
various test coupons, the equivalent geometric shapes with Y-Block Size, Infinite Plate Round Diameter, in. Cube Edge, in.
in. (mm) Thickness, in. (mm) (mm) (mm)
various dimensions. 1⁄2 (12.7) 0.5 (12.7) 1.2 (30.5) 1.75 (44.4)
1 (25.4) 0.9 (22.9) 1.75 (44.4) 2.75 (69.8)
3 (76.2) 1.6 (40.6) 3.1 (78.7) 4.8 (121.9)

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 A536 − 84 (2019)´1
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