Periodicity and Extreme Values

Periodic Function: A real function f:A→R is said to be periodic function if there exists
positive real numbers p such that f(𝑥 + 𝑝)=𝑓(𝑥), ∀ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐴.Least value of p is known as
fundamental period of f

𝑝
If the period of f(𝑥) is a , then the period of f(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏) is |𝑎|

2π
The period of sin(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏) is |𝑎|
2π
The period of cos(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏) is |𝑎|
2π
The period of cosec(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏) is |𝑎|
2π
The period of sec(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏) is |𝑎|
π
The period of Tan(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏) is |𝑎|
π
The period of Cot(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏) is |𝑎|

period of {𝑥} or x:[𝑥] is 1.where {.} denotes the fractional Part Function.
1
Period of kx -[𝑘𝑥] is 𝑘
𝐶1𝑓1(𝑥)±𝐶2𝑓2(𝑥)
Let g(𝑥) = 𝐶3𝑓3(𝑥)±𝐶4𝑓4(𝑥)
(where f1,f2,f3,f4 are trigonometric functions and C1,C2,C3,C4
are constants)

Then period of g(𝑥) is LCM of period of f1,f2,f3,f4

Note:

Numerator and Denominator can be Extended to sum of any trignometric functions

If p and q are rational quantities . Then LCM of p and q exists

if p and q are irrational , then LCM of p and q does not exist unless They have same
irrational surd

Lcm of Rational and Irrational is not possible

LCM { 𝑎
𝑏
,
𝑐
𝑑
,
𝑒
𝑓 }= 𝐿𝐶𝑀
𝐺𝐶𝐷 { 𝑎,𝑐,𝑒
𝑏,𝑑,𝑓 }
1
If f is periodic function with fundamental period p then -f and 𝑓
are also a periodic
function with period p.

A constant function is periodic but does not have fundamental period

All algebraic functions are non periodic except fractional part function

Standard results

Function Period

Period of |𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥|,|𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥|,|𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥|,|𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥|,|𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥|,|𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥| π

Period of 𝑎|𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥|+𝑏|𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥|,and a|𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥|+|𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥| π

2

Period of |𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥| and |𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥| π

Period of |𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥| and |𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 − 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥| π

2

2𝑛 2𝑚 2𝑛 2𝑚
Period of a𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 + 𝑏𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 + 𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 +𝑏𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥, π
(𝑛,. 𝑚 ∈ 𝑧+)(𝑛 ≠ 𝑚)
2𝑛 2𝑚 π
period of a𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 + 𝑏𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑥 2
Maximum and Minimum values

Maximum and Minimum value of sin𝑥 or cos𝑥 are ± 1

2 2
Maximum and Minimum value of 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 or 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 are 1,0

2 2
Maximum and Minimum value of acosx+bsinx+c is c- 𝑎 + 𝑏

2 2
Maximum and Minimum value of acosx+bsinx+c is c+ 𝑎 + 𝑏

Range of acosx+bsinx+c is ⎡⎢ 𝑐 − 𝑎 + 𝑏 ⎤⎥
2 2 2 2
𝑎 + 𝑏 ,𝑐 +
⎣ ⎦

2 2
2 2 𝑎+𝑐 𝑏 +(𝑎−𝑐)
The Extreme values of a𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 + 𝑏𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝑐𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 are 2
± 2

2 2 2 2 2
𝑎 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 + 𝑏 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 ≥ (𝑎 + 𝑏)

2 2 2 2
𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑛 θ + 𝑏 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 θ ≥ 2ab

2 2 2 2
𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑠 θ + 𝑏 𝑠𝑒𝑐 θ ≥ 2ab

2 2
𝑎 𝑡𝑎𝑛θ + 𝑏 𝑐𝑜𝑡θ ≥ 2ab

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
f(θ) = 𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑠 θ + 𝑏 𝑠𝑖𝑛 θ + 𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑛 θ + 𝑏 𝑐𝑜𝑠 θ

minimum value of f(θ) is a+b and occurs at θ = 0

2 2
minimum value of f(θ) is (
2 𝑎 +𝑏 ) and occurs at θ =
π
4
 Level-1

1)The period of the function tan(3x+5)

2π
A) 3
π
B) 6
π
C) 3
D)π
Answer:C

2)Period of sin (x+2x+6x) is

2π
A) 9
2π
B) 45
π
C) 9
π
D) 45
Answer:A

3)Period of sec (x+8x+27x) is

π
A) 18
π
B) 9
2π
C) 9
π
D) 36
Answer:A

4)Period of 6+7cos2x is
A)2π
B)π
π
C) 2
2π
D) 3
Answer:B
5)Period of tan4x+ sec4x is
A)2π
3π
B) 2
C)π
π
D) 2
Answer:D

6)Period of cos4x+sin4x is
π
A) 2
B)π
3π
C) 2
D)2π

Answer:A

7)Period of |𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥| + |𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥| is

π
A) 2
B)π
3π
C) 2
D)2π

Answer:A
 (
8)The period of the function f(𝑥) = sin 𝑠𝑖𝑛
𝑥
5 ) is
A)2π
2π
B) 5
C)10π
D)5π

Answer:C

9)Sine function whose period is 6 is

2π𝑥
A)sin 3
π𝑥
B)sin 3
π𝑥
C)sin 6
3π𝑥
D)sin 2
Answer:B

10)The cosecant function whose period is 4 is

π𝑥
A)cos 3
2π𝑥
B)cos 5
C)tan2π𝑥
π𝑥
D)cosec 2
Answer:

11)Period of tanx+cotx is
π
A) 2
B)π
3π
C) 2
D)3π

Answer:B
12)cosine function whose period is 5 is

π𝑥
A)𝑐𝑜𝑠 3
2π𝑥
B)𝑐𝑜𝑠 5
3π𝑥
C)𝑐𝑜𝑠 5
4π𝑥
D)𝑐𝑜𝑠 5

Answer:B

13)cosine function whose period is 7 is

π𝑥
A)𝑠𝑖𝑛 7
2π𝑥
B)𝑐𝑜𝑠 7
2π𝑥
C)𝑡𝑎𝑛 7
3π𝑥
D)𝑐𝑜𝑡 7
Answer:C

14)The period of sin(π𝑠𝑖𝑛θ) is

A)π
π
B) 2
C)2π
π
D) 4
Answer:C

1 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 1 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
15) The period of ( )
3
+ ( )
3

A)π
π
B) 2
π
C) 4
D)2π

Answer:D
 level-2

π
1)The period of the function f(𝑥) = p|𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥| +p|𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥| +g(𝑝) is 2
if p is
A)1
B)2
C)3
1
D) 2

Answer:A

2
2)The period of the function f(𝑥) =|𝑥| + 𝑡𝑎𝑛 πx+ sin3π𝑥 is
1
A) 3
B)1
C)does not exist
2π
D) 3

Answer:B

3)period of cot( 5−7𝑥

2 ) is
π
A) 2
B)π
C)2π
D)3π
Answer:B

4)The cotangent function whose period is 3π is

A)cosec2x
B)sec4x
3𝑥
C)tan 2
𝑥
D)cot 3
Answer:C
5)The minimum and maximum values of 8cos3x-15sin3x are
A)-7,7
B)-23,23
C)-17,17
D)-15,8
Answer:C

2
6)3-2𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥
A) [0,2]
B) [1,3]
C). [1,2]
D). [2,3]
Answer:B

7)sin2x+4sinx+5 ∈ [k,5k] k=
A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4
Answer:B

8)A + B=90° cosAcos B=

−1 1
A)[ 3
, 3]
−1 1
B) [ 2 ,2]
−1 1
C) [ 4 ,4]
−3 3
D) [ 4 ,4 ]
Answer:B
 (
8) The minimum and maximum values of cosx + 3 2 sin 𝑥 +
π
4 )+6 are
A)1,11
B)11,-1
C)6,5
D)5,6
Answer:A

1
9)The Maximum value of
7 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 29 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 +7

A)13
B)1
1
C) 13
D)49
Answer:B

8 14
10)A=𝑠𝑖𝑛 θ + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 θ then the values of θ
A)0<A≤ 1
B)1<2A≤ 3
C)A≥ 1
1
D)0≤ A≤ 2

Answer:A

(
11)Period of cos 𝑥 +
𝑥
3
+
3
𝑥
2 )
+... is
π
A) 3
2π
B) 3
C)π
4π
D) 3
Answer:D
12)The period of the function f(θ) = sin ( ) + cos ( ) is
θ
3
θ
3

A)3π
B)6π
C)9π
D)12π
Answer:D

(
13)The period of the 𝑡𝑎𝑛θ −
1
3
3
𝑡𝑎𝑛 θ )( 1
3
2
− 𝑡𝑎𝑛 θ ) -1 2
where 𝑡𝑎𝑛 θ≠
1
3
is
π
A) 3
2π
B) 3
C)π
D)2π
Answer:A

𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑛𝑥
14)If the period of 𝑥 is 4π then n=
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑛

A)2
B)3
C)4
D)5

Answer:A
Level-3

𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑥+𝑎)
1)period of 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
π
A) 2
B)π
C)2π
D)3π

Answer:B

2 4
2)period of 6𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 − 7𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥
π
A) 2
B)π
3π
C) 2
D)2π

Answer:B

3 3
3)period of 2𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 − 3𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 is
π
A) 2
B)π
C)2π
D)4π
Answer:C

0 0 0 0
(
4)period of tan 𝑥 + 2𝑥 + 3𝑥 +...... + 9𝑥 ) is
A)4
B)8
C)12
D)2
Answer:A
 3 3
5)period of 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 is l3

π
A) 3
B)π
C)2π
2π
D) 3
Answer:C

2
6) The range of f(x)=-3 cos 3 + 𝑥 + 𝑥
A)[-1,1]
B) [-2,2]
C) [-3,3]
D) [-4,4]
Answer:C

3
7)The maximum value of 5𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥−12𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥+19
A)1
1
B) 2
1
C) 3
1
D) 4
.
Answer:B

2 2
8)𝑠𝑖𝑛 (60 + 𝑥)-𝑠𝑖𝑛 (60 − 𝑥)∈ ( −𝑘
2
,
𝑘
2 )
A)3
B) 2
C) 3
D) 2

Answer:C
9)16cos5x -20cos3x + 5 cosx
A)[− 1, 1]
−1 1
B)⎡ 4 , 4 ⎤
⎣ ⎦
−3 3
C)⎡ 4 , 4 ⎤
⎣ ⎦
D)[− 2, 2]

Answer:A

𝑠𝑖𝑛(2π𝑥+𝑎)
10)The period of 𝑠𝑖𝑛(2π𝑥+𝑏)
is
𝑎
A) 𝑏
B)1
C)2
D)π

Answer:B

0 0 0 0
(
11)period of sin 𝑥 + 2𝑥 + 3𝑥 +...... + 9𝑥 )
A)18
B)36
C)54
D)9

Answer:B

2 2
12)The range of 1 +12𝑠𝑖𝑛 x 𝑐𝑜𝑠 x is
A) [-1,1]
B) [1,2]
C) [-2,1]
D). [1.4]
Answer:D
 5 3
13)16𝑐𝑜𝑠 x-20𝑐𝑜𝑠 x+5cosx ∈

A) [-1,1]
−1 1
B) [ , ]
4 4
−3 3
C) [ 4 , 4]
D). [-2,2]
Answer:A

2 2
14)The minimum value of 9𝑠𝑒𝑐 θ + 4𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 θ +7

A) 32
B) 25
C) 20
D).49
Answer:A

Level-4

Numeric Type Questions

π𝑥 π𝑥 π𝑥
1)Period of cos 4
-2 cosec 6
+5𝑡𝑎𝑛 3
is
Answer:2

3π𝑥 π𝑥 2π𝑥
2)Period of tan 4
-2sec 3
+5𝑡𝑎𝑛 5
is
Answer:3

𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑛 𝑥))
3)if period of , n∈ 𝑁 is 6π then n=
𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( )𝑥
𝑛

Answer:3

1
4)The maximum value of y= 6 6 is
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥+𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥
Answer:4
 1
5)The maximum value of y= 2 2 is
𝑠𝑖𝑛 θ+3𝑠𝑖𝑛θ𝑐𝑜𝑠θ+5𝑐𝑜𝑠 θ
Answer:2

𝑠𝑖𝑛(2π𝑥+𝑎)
6) The period of 𝑠𝑖𝑛(2π𝑥+𝑏)
is
Answer:4

𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑛𝑥
7)If the period of 𝑥 is 4π then π is
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑛

Answer:2

2 2
8)Minimum value of 9𝑠𝑒𝑐 θ + 4𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 θ + 7 is

Answer:5

Level-5

comprehension Type Questions

3 −1 3+ 3
In ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 , 𝑖𝑓 cosA cosB cosC = 8
and sinA sinB sinC = 8

Then on the basis of the above information , answer the following questions

1)The value of tanA + tanB+ tanC

3+ 3
A)
3 −1
4+ 3
B)
3 −1
6− 3
C)
3 −1
3+ 2
D)
3 −1
Answer:A
2)The value of tanAtanB+tanC+tanCtanA
A)5-4 3
B)5+4 3
C)6+ 3
D)6 − 3

Answer:B

3)The angles of △𝐴𝐵𝐶 is

° ° °
A)45 ,30 ,10
° ° °
B)45 ,60 ,75
° ° °
C)45 ,45 ,90
° ° °
D)45 ,60 ,70

Answer:B

Matrix Match Type Questions

Column-1

A)The maximum value of {𝑐𝑜𝑠(2𝐴 + θ) + 𝑐𝑜𝑠(2𝐵 + θ)} is (𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝐴, 𝐵 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑠)

B)The maximum value of {𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝐴 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝐵} is

(𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 (𝐴 + 𝐵) 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐴, 𝐵 ∈ (0, ))
π
2

C)The maximum value of {𝑠𝑒𝑐2𝐴 + 𝑠𝑒𝑐2𝐵} is

(𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 (𝐴 + 𝐵) 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐴, 𝐵 ∈ (0, ))
π
4

D)The minimum value of 𝑡𝑎𝑛θ + 𝑐𝑜𝑡θ − 2𝑐𝑜𝑠2(𝐴 + 𝐵) is

(𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝐴, 𝐵 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑑 θ ∈ (0, ))
π
2
Column-2
P)2sin(𝐴 + 𝐵)
Q)2sec(𝐴 + 𝐵)
R)2cos(𝐴 + 𝐵)
S)2cos(𝐴 − 𝐵)

Answer:A-s,B-r,C-q, D-p