COAL FIRED POWER

PLANT
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 01
WHAT IS A COAL FIRED
POWER PLANT?
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Coal fired power plants also known as
coal fired power stations are facilities
that burn coal to make steam in order
to generate electricity
Countries such as South Africa use
coal for 94% of their electricity and
China and India use coal for 70-75% of
their electricity needs, however the
amount of coal China uses dwarfs
most other countries
 HOW IT WORKS
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OeYE
 02
WHEN AND HOW
COAL FIRED POWER
PLANT STARTED?
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WERNER VON SIEMENS
Coal-fired power plant development
started with the introduction of the first
dynamo built for power generation in 1866
by Werner von Siemens
THOMAS EDISON
In 1882, Thomas Edison built the first
central power station in New York. The first
coal-fired steam generators provided low-
pressure saturated or slightly superheated
steam for steam engines driving the DC
dynamos
HOLBORN VIADUCT
COAL PLANT

the world's first coal-fired power

station generating electricity for
public use. It was built at number
57 Holborn Viaduct in central
London, by Thomas Edison's
Edison Electric Light Company.
SIR CHARLES PARSONS
In 1884, Sir Charles Parsons built the first
steam turbine-generator with a thermal
efficiency of only 1.6%. Two years later he
improved the steam turbine performance
by introducing the first condensing
turbine, which drove an AC generator. His
effort to build larger and more efficient
turbines led at the turn of the century to a
5-MW condensing steam turbine with a
thermal efficiency of 21%, which relates to
a net power plant efficiency of about 15%
 NICOLA TESLA
Introduction of the AC generator
technology developed by Nicola Tesla
opened the way to larger central power
stations that could be remotely located
since AC power could be transformed and
transmitted efficiently using high-voltage
transmission lines.
 1900’S

In the early 1900s, the power plants were rated in

the range of 1- to 10-MW unit output. they
featured a coal-fired steam generator with an
economizer, evaporator, and a superheater
section to generate slightly superheated steam
for a condensing turbine.
The exhaust steam of the steam turbine entered
the condenser to be condensed and fed from the
condenser hotwell as feedwater by the feedwater
pump back to the steam generator to close the
steam/water cycle loop. The listed power plant
component efficiencies result into a 15% coal-
fired power plant net efficiency.
 02
COAL FIRED POWER
PLANTS IN
PHILIPPINES
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 LIST
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watch?v=F6nOMPS7-r8
LIST
LIST
 LARGEST OF THE WORLD
Datang Tuoketuo power station in China is
the largest operational coal power plant in the
world. As of 2021, the power station had a
capacity of roughly 6.7 gigawatts. Ranking
second and third, Taean power station and
Dangjin power station had a gross generating
capacity of 6.4 and 6.04 gigawatts,
respectively
NUMBER OF OPERATIONAL COAL POWER PLANTS
WORLDWIDE AS OF JULY 2022
 TRIVIA
The Philippines will not honour commitments it made under the Paris climate
change deal, president Rodrigo Duterte has said in a speech.

The deal comes into force when 55 countries covering 55% of global emissions
formally join. The Philippines accounts for less than 1% of the world’s
emissions, and has not ratified the deal.

Duterte said: “I’m mad at this ambassador. I want to kick him,” adding that
limits on carbon emissions for the Philippines were “nonsense”.
“You who have reached your peak and along with it spewed a lot of
contaminants, emissions … Good for you. We are here, we have not reached
the age of industrialisation. We are on our way to it.”

Lucille Sering, a former climate negotiator, said the country’s action plan had
always been contingent on financial and technology support. The president’s
remarks were “probably taken out of context”
COAL
 What is Coal?
• Coal is a black or brownish-
black sedimentary rock that can
be burned for fuel and used to
generate electricity. It is
composed mostly of carbon
and hydrocarbons, which
contain energy that can be
released through combustion
(burning).
 Types of Coal
• Peat • Bituminous Coal
• Lignite • Anthracite
• Sub-Bituminous Coal
 PEAT
- Peat is not coal, but can eventually
transform into coal under the right
circumstances.

- Peat is the first step in the formation

of coal.

- Peat is an accumulation of partly

decayed vegetation that has gone
through a small amount of
carbonization.
 LIGNITE
- Lignite coal is the lowest rank of coal.
It comes from relatively young coal
deposits, about 250 million years old.

- Lignite, a crumbly brown rock also

called “brown coal or rosebud coal”,
retains more moisture than other types
of coal.

- Lignite is mainly combusted and used

to generate electricity.
SUB-BITUMINOUS COAL
- Sub-bituminous coal or black lignite is
a grey-black or dark brown coal. It
ranges from hard to soft as it represents
an intermediate stage between low
quality lignite and higher quality
bituminous coal.

- Subbituminous coal does not have the

same shiny luster as higher ranked coals.

- Sub-bituminous coal is about 100

million years old. It contains more
carbon than lignite, about 35-45
percent. considered as “brown coal,”
along with lignite.
BITUMINOUS COAL
- Bituminous coal, often called “soft
coal,” has slightly lower carbon content
than anthracite (45%-86%)1. The wide
range of carbon content in bituminous
coal warrants use for both electricity
and steel production. It can be
identified through its shiny luster and
layered texture

- Bituminous coal is the second highest

quality of coal.

- Bituminous coal is formed under

more heat and pressure, and is 100
million to 300 million years old.
ANTHRACITE
- Anthracite or “hard coal,” is the
highest rank of coal. It has the most
amount of carbon, up to 97 percent,
and therefore contains the most energy.
-It is harder, more dense, and more
lustrous than other types of coal.
- Anthracite is a high-quality coal and it
burns cleanly with very little soot. It is
more expensive than other coals, and is
rarely used in power plants. Instead,
anthracite is mainly used in stoves and
furnaces.
- Anthracite is also used in water-
filtration systems.
 Types of Coal Mining
• Surface Mining
• Underground Mining

Coal can be extracted from the earth either by surface mining

or underground mining. Once coal has been extracted, it can
be used directly (for heating and industrial processes) or to fuel
power plants for electricity.
Surface Mining
If coal is less than 61 meters (200 feet) underground, it can be extracted through surface mining.
Economically, surface mining is a cheaper option for extracting coal than underground mining. About two
and a half times as much coal can be extracted per worker, per hour, than is possible with underground
mining.
The environmental impacts of surface mining are dramatic. The landscape is literally torn apart,
destroying habitats and entire ecosystems
 Three Main Types Of
Surface Coal Mining

• strip mining
• open-pit mining
• mountaintop removal
(MTR) mining

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

 Strip Mining
• Strip mining is used where coal seams are
located very near the surface and can be
removed in massive layers, or strips.
Overburden is usually removed with
explosives and towed away with some of
the largest vehicles ever made. Dump
trucks used at strip mines often weigh
more than 300 tons and have more than
3,000 horsepower.

• Strip mining can be used in both flat and

hilly landscapes. Strip mining in a
mountainous area is called contour
mining. Contour mining follows the
ridges, or contours, around a hill.

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY

 Open-pit Mining
• Open-pit mining is used when coal is
located deeper underground. A pit,
sometimes called a borrow, is dug in an
area. This pit becomes the open-pit
mine, sometimes called a quarry. Open-
pit mines can expand to huge
dimensions, until the coal deposit has
been mined or the cost of transporting
the overburden is greater than the
investment in the mine.

• Open-pit mining is usually restricted to

flat landscapes. After the mine has been
exhausted, the pit is sometimes
converted into a landfill.
 Mountaintop Removal (MTR) Mining
• During mountaintop removal mining
(MTR), the entire summit of a
mountain is stripped of its
overburden: rocks, trees, and topsoil.
• Overburden is often hauled to nearby
valleys, earning the process the
nickname “valley fill” mining. After the
summit is cleared of vegetation,
explosives are used to expose the coal
seam.
• After the coal is extracted, the summit
is sculpted with overburden from the
next mountaintop to be mined. By law,
valuable topsoil is supposed to be
saved and replaced after mining is
done. Barren land can be replanted
with trees and other vegetation.
Underground Mining
Most of the world’s coal reserves are buried deep underground. Underground mining, sometimes called
deep mining, is a process that retrieves coal from deep below the Earth’s surface—sometimes as far as
300 meters (1,000 feet). Miners travel by elevator down a mine shaft to reach the depths of the mine, and
operate heavy machinery that extracts the coal and moves it above ground.
 Three Main Types Of
Underground Coal Mining

• longwall mining
• room-and-pillar mining
• retreat mining

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

 Long Wall Mining

• Longwall mining is one of the oldest

methods of mining coal. Before the
widespread use of conveyor belts,
ponies would descend to the deep,
narrow channels and haul the coal
back to the surface.
• During longwall mining, miners slice
off enormous panels of coal that are
about onemeter (three feet) thick,
three to four kilometers (2-2.5 miles)
long, and 250-400 meters (800-1,300
feet) wide. The panels are moved by
conveyor belt back to the surface.
 Room-and-pillar Mining
• In the room-and-pillar mining method, miners carve a “room” out of coal. Columns (pillars) of coal
support the ceiling and overburden. The rooms are about nine meters (30 feet) wide, and the support pillars
can be 30 meters (100 feet) wide.
• There are two types of room-and-pillar mining: conventional and continuous. In conventional mining,
explosives and cutting tools are used. In continuous mining, a sophisticated machine called a continuous
miner extracts the coal.
 Retreat Mining
• Retreat mining is a variation of room-
and-pillar. When all available coal has
been extracted from a room, miners
abandon the room, carefully destroy
the pillars, and let the ceiling cave in.
Remains of the giant pillars supply
even more coal.
• Retreat mining may be the most
dangerous method of mining. A great
amount of stress is put on the
remaining pillars, and if they are not
pulled out in a precise order, they can
collapse and trap miners underground.
Thank You
 COAL-FIRED
POWERPLANT
OPERATION
 Table Of Content
Coal Powerplant
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Operation

Coal Powerplant
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Components

Active Coal
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Powerplants in Ph
Powerplant
Operation
 Boile
(furnace
r Turbin
)
e
Pulverizing Stea
Plant Transmission
Conveyor m Lines
belt

Coa
l
 CONVEYOR Transports coal from the coal storage to the plant.

Powerplant Components
This belt has a high load-carrying capacity of since
BELT large quantities of coal are required every day.

Pulverizes pieces of coal into fine particles (100μm)

PULVERIZING before placing into a boiler, to ensure efficient
PLANT combustion. It has un-pulse-enhanced coal storage
and can store up to 30 hours of coal reserves.

Consists of several water-filled taps, and these

BOILER tubes boil water up to 1000 degrees Fahrenheit and
the flames in the boiler go up to 50 meters.

Converts pressurized energy of high-pressure

TURBINE steam from the boiler and 3500 pounds per square
inch of pressure into mechanical energy.
 Uses the mechanical energy generated by the

Powerplant Components
GENERATOR turbines to generate electricity at significantly
higher voltages.

The steam leaving the turbines is condensed into a

condenser, which is pumped back into the boiler.
CONDENSER Coldwater from a water source (river) or expansion
process is used to cool steam into water.

Used for generating electrical power from one

TRANSFORMER voltage level to another. It does this process while
maintaining the same frequency but usually
different voltage levels.

Connects power stations and substations to

TRANSMISSION efficiently transmit large amounts of electricity at
LINES high voltage without loss
Coal Powerplants in the Philippines

Coal accounts for nearly half of the Philippines’ energy

mix, and is expected to increase to 53% by 2030, when
the 22 proposed plants that have already been approved
come online.

No new coal power plants have been built in the country

since 2017, amid massive community pushback, excess
energy supply, and a Supreme Court ruling that voids
power supply agreements.
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Project Budget

20%
Total Amount :
$8.6 M 50%
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10%
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20%
THANK YOU
ADVANTAGES AND
DISADVANTAGES
OF
COAL FIRED POWER
PLANT
 ADVANTAGES
• Cheaper
• Easy to Store
• Ability to Convert Into Different Forms
• Minimum Waste is Produced
• Creates Employment
• Highly Compatible
• Minimal Room For Waste
• A Safe Alternative
• A Simple Burning Process
• Easier To Mitigate Risks
 DISADVANTAGES
• Nonrenewable
• Harmful to Health
• Causes Noise Pollution
• Harmful to Natural Habitat and
Environment
• High Level of Radiation
• High Carbon Emissions