Qualification Details:

Training Package Code & RII – Resources and Infrastructure Industry Training
Title: Package
Qualification National Code & RII50520 – Diploma of Civil Construction Design
Title:
Unit National Code & Title: MEM23004 – Apply Technical Mathematics
Assessment Title: Assessment Task 1 – Knowledge Questions

Student Details:

Full Name: Muhammad Waqar Aslam

Student ID: ACMi1230

Assessment Plan
The student must be assessed as satisfactory in the following tasks to demonstrate competence in
various ways.
Evidence Assessment method / Detail/Task
number / Task Type of evidence / Task Instructions/Description
number name
Assessment Task Knowledge Questions
written questions – Individual Task
1 (KQ)
Assessment Task Class Activity Book written questions – Individual Task
2
Assessment Task Occasion 1 Engineering Problem Solution -
3 Software
Assessment Task Occasion 2 Engineering Problem Solution
4
Assessment Submission Online submission via Learning Management System
Method: (LMS)
Purpose of Assessment:

The purpose of this assessment is to evaluate individuals' proficiency in a broad

range of mathematical and engineering skills, along with their knowledge of relevant
concepts. These skills include:
• using engineering software
• working with different number systems
• analyzing functions
• applying sequences and series
• handling two-dimensional vectors
• solving problems involving complex numbers
• utilizing matrix analysis,
• assessing probability, and
• conducting stability analysis

Instructions for the student:

• You must respond to all questions. Be concise, to the point and write answers within the
word limit given to each question. Do not provide irrelevant information. Remember,
quantity is not quality.
• You may handwrite or use a computer to answer the questions.
• You must complete the task independently and write your responses in your own words.
• Do not start answering questions without understanding what is required. Read the
questions carefully and critically analyze them for a few seconds; this will help you to
identify what information is needed in the answer.
• Your answers must demonstrate an understanding and application of the relevant
concepts and critical thinking.
• Use non-discriminatory language. The language used should not devalue, demean, or
exclude individuals or groups based on attributes such as gender, disability, culture,
race, religion, sexual preference or age. Gender-inclusive language should be used.
• When you quote, paraphrase, summarize or copy information from other sources to
write your answers or research your work, always acknowledge the source.
• Where a student’s answers are deemed not satisfactory after the first attempt, a
resubmission attempt will be allowed
• No marks or grades are allocated for this assessment task. The outcome of the task will
be Satisfactory or Not Satisfactory.
• As you complete this assessment task, you are predominately demonstrating your
written skills and knowledge to your trainer/assessor.
• The student may speak to their trainer/assessor if they have any difficulty in completing
this task and require reasonable adjustments.
• For more information, please refer to the Training Organization’s Student Handbook.

Student Declaration:
 • I have read and understood the information in the Unit Requirements before
commencing this Student Pack.
• I understand the consequences of plagiarism and that a false declaration is a form of
malpractice.
• I declare that the answers I have provided are my work. Where I have accessed
information from other sources, I have provided references and/or links to my
sources.
• I have kept a copy of all relevant notes and reference material that I used as part of
my submission.
• I have provided references for all sources where the information is not my own. I
understand how the assessment is structured. I accept that the work I submit may
be subject to verification to establish that it is my own.
• I understand that if I disagree with the assessment outcome, I can appeal the
assessment process, and either re-submit additional evidence undertake gap
training, or have my submission re-assessed.
• All appeal options have been explained to me.
• For assessment, I give the trainer/assessor permission to:
Reproduce this assessment and provide a copy to another member of staff; and
Take steps to authenticate the assessment, including communicating a copy to a
plagiarism-checking service (which may retain a copy of the assessment on its
database for future plagiarism checking).

Student Signature: Waqar

Assessment Task 1: Knowledge Questions

Complete the following calculations and solve the given problems.

Provide your response to each question in the box below.

Problems:
• Software for mathematical analysis and graphical representations
• Technical mathematical techniques

Question 01: Satisfactory

Response
Which software package is commonly used for mathematical
analysis and graphing, allowing users to visualize functions, perform Yes No
symbolic calculations, and create 2D and 3D plots?

Mathematica, evolved through Wolfram research, is a extensively utilized software program

package deal for mathematical analysis and graphing. This computational machine enables
users to conduct symbolic calculations, visualize features, and generate second and three-D
plots. It finds application across numerous fields, along with arithmetic, physics, engineering,
and computer technology.

every other famous software program choice for similar purposes is MATLAB (Matrix
Laboratory), created by means of MathWorks. MATLAB holds sizeable usage in academia,
industry, and studies for obligations along with numerical computing, records evaluation,
and visualization. It functions each a scripting language and a graphical person interface,
offering flexibility for a range of mathematical programs.

Question 02: Satisfactory

Response
• Explain the concept of integration and its significance in
engineering applications. Provide an example of an Yes No
engineering scenario where integration is used to solve a
real-world problem.
Calculus is a department of mathematics that deals with the examine of exchange.
Integration is a essential concept in calculus that involves locating the amassed total of a
quantity over an c program languageperiod. In mathematical terms, it represents the system
of determining the crucial of a function. Integration has substantial applications in
engineering, where it's far used to research and clear up troubles related to quantities that
vary constantly. one of the key applications of integration in engineering is within the
calculation of physical quantities such as displacement, velocity, and acceleration. for
example, whilst handling a time-varying velocity characteristic in physics or engineering,
integrating that function over a selected time c programming language gives the
displacement. this is simply one of the many packages of integration in engineering.
different programs encompass calculating the vicinity underneath a curve, locating the
volume of a stable, and determining the work finished with the aid of a pressure. The
packages of integration are sizable and sundry, and that they play a essential function in lots
of fields of engineering and technological know-how.

• Evaluate (Integration)
Question 03: Satisfactory
Response
• Differentiate between first-order and second-order Yes No
differential equations. Give an engineering example that
involves each type of differential equation.

Differential equations are equations that involve derivatives of an unknown feature. First-
order differential equations contain the first derivative of the unknown characteristic, even
as second-order differential equations contain the second by-product of the unknown
feature.
a primary-order differential equation may be represented as dy/dx = f(x,y), where y is the
unknown characteristic and f(x,y) is a characteristic of x and y. An example of a first-order
differential equation in engineering is the RC circuit. The voltage across the capacitor in an
RC circuit is given by Vc(t) = V0(1-e^(-t/RC)), wherein V0 is the preliminary voltage, t is time,
R is the resistance, and C is the capacitance. The price of alternate of the voltage across the
capacitor is given via dVc/dt = (V0/R)e^(-t/RC), that's a first-order differential equation.
A 2d-order differential equation may be represented as d2y/dx2 = f(x,y,dy/dx), where y is
the unknown feature and f(x,y,dy/dx) is a feature of x, y, and the primary by-product of y
with admire to x. An example of a 2d-order differential equation in engineering is the mass-
spring-damper machine. The movement of a mass-spring-damper system may be described
with the aid of the second-order differential equation d2x/dt2 + 2ζωn(dx/dt) + ωn^2x = f(t),
wherein x is the displacement of the mass from its equilibrium position, t is time, ζ is the
damping ratio, ωn is the herbal frequency, and f(t) is the outside force appearing on the
mass.

• FINDING f’(x) FROM DEFINITION OF DERIVATIVE Satisfactory

Find the derivative of the following functions by Response
definition: Yes No
•
•

The derivative of a function is defined as the instantaneous rate of change of the function at
a certain point. The derivative of a function f(x) at x = a is denoted f’(a) and is defined by the
limit:
f′(a)=h→0limhf(a+h)−f(a)
Using this definition, we can find the derivative of the following functions:

f(x) = x
f′(x)=h→0limhf(x+h)−f(x)=h→0limh(x+h)−x=h→0limhh=1

f(x) = x^2
f′(x)=h→0limhf(x+h)−f(x)=h→0limh(x+h)2−x2=h→0limhx2+2xh+h2−x2=h→0limh2xh+h2
=h→0lim(2x+h)=2x

Therefore, the derivative of f(x) = x is f’(x) = 1, and the derivative of f(x) = x^2 is f’(x) = 2x.

Question 04: Satisfactory

Response
In structural engineering, what is the purpose of the Finite Element
Method (FEM)? Describe its basic principles and how it aids in Yes No
analysing complex structures.

The Finite element method (FEM) is a numerical technique used to solve complex issues in
structural mechanics. It involves dividing a complicated shape into smaller, easier parts
called finite factors, which might be interconnected at discrete factors referred to as nodes.
The FEM is used to research and remedy problems related to quantities that modify
constantly, together with displacement, velocity, and acceleration. The basic precept of the
FEM is to approximate the solution of a differential equation with the aid of dividing the area
right into a finite number of subdomains, or elements, and then solving the equation for
every detail. The FEM is specially useful for analyzing complex structures that can not be
solved analytically, and it has numerous benefits over other strategies of structural
evaluation

Question 05: Satisfactory

Response
Explain the concept of moment of inertia in the context of civil
engineering. How is it calculated and why is it important? Yes No
moment of inertia is a measure of an object’s resistance to changes in its rotational motion.
it's miles determined by multiplying the vicinity with the perpendicular distance among the
point or axis and the centre of gravity of the place, referred to as the primary second of
vicinity. In civil engineering, moment of inertia is vital due to the fact it is used to determine
the energy and stability of systems, in addition to to assess vibration and pressure styles on
those systems .

the instant of inertia can be calculated the use of the formulation I = ∫ r^2 dA, wherein I is
the instant of inertia, r is the gap from the axis of rotation to the detail of vicinity dA, and
the vital is taken over the complete location . the instant of inertia is usually expressed
in units of period to the energy of four, which includes m^4 or in^4 3.

In precis, second of inertia is a degree of an item’s resistance to changes in its rotational

movement. it's far calculated by means of multiplying the location with the
perpendicular distance between the point or axis and the centre of gravity of the place.
moment of inertia is vital in civil engineering because it is used to decide the electricity
and balance of structures, in addition to to assess vibration and pressure patterns on
those systems

Question 06: Satisfactory

Response
Discuss the application of differential equations in geotechnical
engineering. Provide an example scenario where a differential Yes No
equation is used to model a real-world geotechnical phenomenon.

Differential equations are utilized in geotechnical engineering to version and analyze

numerous phenomena which includes groundwater float, soil deformation, and slope
balance. for example, the consolidation of soil can be modeled the usage of a differential
equation. Consolidation is the procedure by which soil debris are compressed due to the
burden of overlying soil or structures. This system can cause the soil to settle and can result
in damage to systems built on the soil. The differential equation that fashions consolidation
is known as the only-dimensional consolidation equation and is given with the aid of:
∂z2∂2u=1+CvCc∂t∂u
where u is the excess pore water stress, z is the intensity under the ground floor, t is
time, Cc is the compression index, and Cv is the quantity compressibility . This equation
can be solved numerically to determine the fee of consolidation and the settlement of
the soil.
another instance of the application of differential equations in geotechnical engineering
is the modeling of seepage via soil. Seepage is the waft of water via soil because of a
hydraulic gradient. The differential equation that fashions seepage is called the Laplace
equation and is given with the aid of:
∇2h=0
wherein h is the hydraulic head. This equation may be solved numerically to determine
the glide of water through the soil.
In precis, differential equations are used in geotechnical engineering to model and
examine numerous phenomena including groundwater flow, soil deformation, and slope
stability. the one-dimensional consolidation equation may be used to model the
consolidation of soil, at the same time as the Laplace equation can be used to version
seepage thru soil .

Problems:
Engineering Applications Requiring Mathematical Techniques

Question 07: Satisfactory

Response
In Structural engineering, how is vector analysis applied to analyse
force systems on beams and bodies? Provide an example where Yes No
vector analysis is used to find the resultant force on a loaded beam.
Vector evaluation is used in structural engineering to analyze pressure structures on beams
and our bodies. Forces appearing on structural factors may be represented by way of
vectors, that have significance, course, and factor of utility. the ensuing force acting on a
loaded beam may be determined by including the person forces performing at the beam the
use of vector addition. If the forces are all inline, their magnitudes may be added to find the
consequent. If the forces are orthogonal, they may be introduced using the Pythagorean
theorem.

Question 08: Satisfactory

Response
Explain the importance of trigonometric principles in surveying and
site layout. Provide an example of using trigonometry to calculate Yes No
the height of a building using angle measurements and a known
distance.
Trigonometry is an crucial tool in surveying and location format. it is used to calculate
distances, heights, and angles between factors on the floor. Surveyors use trigonometry to
measure the angles between factors many kilometers apart, restrained most effective by
being capable of see the remote beacon. this could be anywhere from a few kilometers to
50 kilometers or extra. Triangulation is a surveying method that measures the angles in a
triangle shaped with the aid of three survey manage points. the use of trigonometry and the
measured period of simply one aspect, the other distances inside the triangle are
calculated .
An instance of the use of trigonometry to calculate the height of a constructing is as follows:
suppose someone stands at a distance of a hundred meters from the base of a building and
measures the angle of elevation to the top of the constructing as 60 ranges. the peak of the
constructing may be calculated the use of the tangent characteristic:
tan(60∘)=100 mheight
fixing for the height, we get:
peak=100 m×tan(60∘)≈173.2 m
consequently, the peak of the building is about 173.2 meters.
In precis, trigonometry is an important device in surveying and placement format. it is
used to calculate distances, heights, and angles between points at the floor.
Triangulation is a surveying technique that measures the angles in a triangle formed
with the aid of 3 survey control factors. An example of the use of trigonometry to
calculate the height of a constructing includes measuring the perspective of elevation to
the pinnacle of the constructing and the use of the tangent function to calculate the
height.

Question 09: Satisfactory

Response
In civil engineering, how are matrices used to solve structural
systems? Provide an example where a matrix representation is used Yes No
to analyse the equilibrium of forces in a truss joint.

Matrices are utilized in civil engineering to resolve structural systems by using representing
the stiffness and cargo matrices of a shape as a machine of linear equations. The matrix
method of structural evaluation is a powerful device that can be used to investigate complex
systems with many stages of freedom. on this method, the stiffness and cargo matrices of a
shape are assembled into a international stiffness matrix and a international load vector,
respectively. The equilibrium of forces in a truss joint may be analyzed using the approach of
joints. The forces acting on every joint may be represented by using a machine of linear
equations, which can be solved using matrix algebra. The approach of joints is in particular
useful for analyzing simple trusses, in which the forces in each member may be determined
by way of considering the equilibrium of forces at every joint.

Question 10: Satisfactory

Response
Discuss the application of eigenvalues and eigenvectors in structural
dynamics. Provide an example where eigenvalues are used to Yes No
determine the natural frequencies of a building subjected to lateral
loads.

Eigenvalues and eigenvectors are used in structural dynamics to research the herbal
frequencies and mode shapes of systems. The natural frequencies of a structure are the
frequencies at which it'll vibrate whilst subjected to an outside pressure. The mode shapes
are the styles of vibration that the structure will showcase at each natural frequency. The
eigenvalues of the mass and stiffness matrices of a shape are the squared natural
frequencies, and the eigenvectors are the associated mode shapes .
An example of the use of eigenvalues to decide the herbal frequencies of a building
subjected to lateral loads is as follows: suppose a constructing is subjected to lateral masses
due to wind or earthquakes. The natural frequencies of the building can be determined via
fixing the eigenvalue problem:
Kx=λMx
wherein ok is the stiffness matrix, M is the mass matrix, x is the eigenvector, and λ is the
eigenvalue. The natural frequencies of the building are given by way of:
ωn=mλn
where m is the full mass of the building and λn is the nth eigenvalue. The mode shapes of
the building may be obtained by means of fixing the equation:
Kxn=λnMxn
in which xn is the nth eigenvector. The mode shapes constitute the styles of vibration of the
constructing at every natural frequency .
In precis, eigenvalues and eigenvectors are utilized in structural dynamics to research the
natural frequencies and mode shapes of structures. The natural frequencies of a structure
are the frequencies at which it'll vibrate whilst subjected to an outside force, and the mode
shapes are the styles of vibration that the shape will exhibit at every herbal frequency. An
instance of the use of eigenvalues to determine the natural frequencies of a constructing
subjected to lateral loads includes fixing the eigenvalue problem and the use of the
eigenvalues to calculate the herbal frequencies and mode shapes

Problems:
Number Systems, Decimal, Binary, Hexadecimal

Part A: Real & Complex Numbers

Question 11: Satisfactory

Response
Define Real and Complex Numbers and give examples.
 Yes No
Real numbers are the set of all numbers that can be represented on a variety of line. They
consist of all decimal, fractional, poor, and wonderful integers. Examples of real numbers
encompass three, eight, -2, zero, and 10.

Complex numbers are numbers that can be written because the sum or distinction of a
actual number and an imaginary wide variety. An imaginary quantity is a number that can be
written as the made of a actual quantity and the rectangular root of -1. The imaginary unit is
denoted by using the symbol i. Examples of complicated numbers encompass four - 2i, 6 +
√6i, and 3i.

Question 12: Satisfactory Response

Find the sum, difference, and product of the complex numbers
(8, 9) and (5, -6) Yes No

The sum of two complex numbers (a, b) and (c, d) is (a + c, b + d). Therefore, the sum
of the complex numbers (8, 9) and (5, -6) is:
(8,9)+(5,−6)=(8+5,9−6)=(13,3)
The difference of two complex numbers (a, b) and (c, d) is (a - c, b - d). Therefore, the
difference of the complex numbers (8, 9) and (5, -6) is:
(8,9)−(5,−6)=(8−5,9+6)=(3,15)
The product of two complex numbers (a, b) and (c, d) is (ac - bd, ad + bc). Therefore,
the product of the complex numbers (8, 9) and (5, -6) is:
(8,9)×(5,−6)=(8×5−9×−6,8×−6+9×5)=(82,−18)
Therefore, the sum of the complex numbers (8, 9) and (5, -6) is (13, 3), the difference
is (3, 15), and the product is (82, -18).

Part B: Decimal, Binary and Hexadecimal Systems

Question 13: Satisfactory
Response
Define the Decimal System.
Yes No
The decimal system is a number of device that uses a base of 10. it is the standard device for
denoting integer and non-integer numbers. within the decimal system, each number is
expressed in base 10 by using one of the first 9 integers or 0 in every location and letting
every location value be a energy of 10. Decimal notation can both be a (finite) sequence of
digits (which includes “2017”), wherein the complete series represents an integer, or a
decimal mark keeping apart sequences of digits (together with “20.70828”). Examples of
decimal numbers include 3, 8, -2, 0, and 10.

Convert the following to decimal:

• (10101)2

To convert a binary number to decimal, we need to perform a multiplication operation on

each digit of the binary number from right to left with powers of 2 starting from 0 and add
each result to get the decimal number of it.

For the binary number (10101)2, we have:

(1 * 2^4) + (0 * 2^3) + (1 * 2^2) + (0 * 2^1) + (1 * 2^0) = 16 + 0 + 4 + 0 + 1 = 21

Therefore, (10101)2 is equal to 21 in decimal.

Question 14: Satisfactory

Response
Define Binary and Hexadecimal Systems.
Yes No
In the binary number system, only two symbols are used: 0 and 1. Each digit in a binary
number represents a power of 2, starting from the rightmost digit. For example, the binary
number 1011 represents 1x2^3 + 0x2^2 + 1x2^1 + 1x2^0 = 11 in decimal.

The hexadecimal number system uses 16 unique symbols: 0-9 and A-F. Each digit in a
hexadecimal number represents a power of 16, starting from the rightmost digit. For
example, the hexadecimal number 1A represents 1x16^1 + 10x16^0 = 26 in decimal.
Convert the following to a binary number.
• 7310

73 \ 2 = 36, { remainder } 1
36 \2 = 18, { remainder } 0
18 \2= 9, { remainder } 0
9 \ 2 = 4, { remainder } 1
4 \ 2 = 2, remainder } 0
2 \ 2 = 1, { remainder } 0
1 \ 2 = 0, { remainder } 1

Now, reading the remainders from bottom to top, we get \(73_{10}\) in binary as 1001001.
Therefore, the binary representation of the decimal number 73 is 1001001.

Question 15: Satisfactory Response

Convert the following hexadecimal number to a decimal
number: Yes No

• 91C

To convert the hexadecimal number 91C to decimal, you can use the positional value of each
digit. Here's the conversion:
91C16=9×162+1×161+12×16091C16=9×162+1×161+12×160
=9×256+1×16+12×1=9×256+1×16+12×1
=2304+16+12=2304+16+12
=233210=2332110
So, the decimal equivalent of the hexadecimal number 91C is 2332 10.
Question 16: Satisfactory
Response
Write the numbers in “base 10” decimal form.
• 519210 Yes No
• 39310

To write the given numbers in base-10 (decimal) form:

i) 519210 = 5(10)3+1(10)2+9(10)1+2(10)0
ii) 39310 = 3(10)2+9(10)
Therefore: i) 519210 ii) 39310

Assessment Result:

Trainer/Assessor Name:

Trainer/Assessor I hold:
Declaration
Vocational competencies at least to the level being
delivered
Current relevant industry skills
Current knowledge and skills in VET, and undertake
Ongoing professional development in VET

I declare that I have conducted a comprehensive and

impartial evaluation of this student’s submission. The
assessment tasks were deemed current, sufficient, valid,
and reliable. The feedback has been provided to the
student in the marking guide.

Assessment Decision:
Satisfactory Not Yet Satisfactory

Reassessment/catchup
required Yes No

Trainer/Assessor Signature

Date