Sheet n° 1 of 42

Doc. n° IEM/08/E (PED-ATEX-MID)

POSITIVE
DISPLACEMENT
FLOWMETERS

51 - 11 - 12 - 22
53 - 13 - 14 - 24
MOD. 16 - 18 - 28

INSTALLATION OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE

PETROL INSTRUMENTS S.r.l. - 04011 - APRILIA (LT) - ITALY

 Sheet n° 2 of 42
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INSTALLATION OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL

ED. 03
REV. 08 dated 18/11/2019

P.O. No. _____________

Mod. _____________
Ser. No. _____________
C. _____________

 2001 Petrol Instruments S.r.l. - Via della Tecnica, 5 - 04011 Aprilia - Latina
It is forbidden any reproduction of this document, even partial, without a previous written approval by
Petrol Instruments S.r.l.
Petrol Instruments S.r.l. has the right to make all the necessary changes to this documents without any
advance notice.
 Sheet n° 3 of 42
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Sect. Description Pag.

1. General 4

2. Construction 5

3. Special Conditions
6
(MID Measuring System)

4. Disposal
7
(MID Measuring System)

5. Applicable Standards
9
(MID Measuring System)

6. Limits of use,
10
Special Conditions and Atex Marking

7. Installation Instructions 12

8. Start-up and Operating Instructions 15

9. Failure Analysis 17
10. Inspection Procedures
models 51-11-12-22-53-13-14-24 18
models 16-18-28 21
11. Maintenance
models 51-11-12-22-53-13-14-24 22
models 16-18-28 25
12. Spare Parts 27

13. Storage 28

14. Troubleshooting table 29

A. Spare Parts List 31

 Sheet n° 4 of 42
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1
General
"PETROL" PD flowmeters are instruments capable of measuring the volume of
flowing liquids with a standard accuracy of ± 0,5% of reading for general purposes
and of ± 0,15% of reading for fiscal transactions.

“PETROL” PD flowmeters have been employed since many years by different

industries (such as ship-building, steel making, power generation plants, refineries
and depots, chemical, pharmaceutical, textile industries etc.) of many countries
and have always satisfied the users for their good performances and dependable
service during the years.

This manual has been prepared for people responsible of their installation and, at
the same time, for people responsible of their maintenance and service.

This document includes specific aspects of installation, use and maintenance aimed
at mitigating the risk of explosion associated with use in hazardous areas.
Personnel involved in installation, testing and maintenance must possess the
qualifications required by Annexes F of EN 60079-14: 2014 and EN 60079-17: 2014.
The equipment supplied already has the metallic continuity of all its parts. Once it
reaches its destination, the equipment must be connected to the protection system
by connecting the equipment's grounding conductor to the installation site's ground
system. It is the responsibility of the final installer to verify the correct equipotential
connection with the dispersant system of the installation site

INVOLVED PERSONNEL ARE KINDLY REQUESTED TO READ CAREFULLY THE

PRESCRIPTIONS CONTAINED IN THIS MANUAL, MAINLY THOSE RELEVANT TO
PD FLOWMETERS INSTALLATION BEFORE THEIR START-UP.
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Construction
PD flowmeters are mainly composed of the measuring unit assembly and of the
reading unit (see dwg.1).

The reading unit, available in different models, is that required for the specific
application.

The measuring unit assembly is composed of three main sub-assemblies, namely:

• The outer housing;

• The inner housing assembly;
• The coupling assembly.

The outer housing is the part that withstands the liquid pressure and its
construction is in accordance to maximum expected pressure of flowing liquid.

The inner housing assembly is the part that accurately measures the volume of
flowing liquid through the revolutions of the rotors (“roots” type mechanism).

The coupling assembly is the part through which the number of rotors revolutions
is transmitted to the reading unit where are displayed the volumes metered.
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Special Conditions
(MID Measuring System)

The measuring system has been evaluated to the 2014/32/UE directive, and found
to be suitable for measuring liquids other than water with an accuracy class of 0,3
according to the Annex VII of directive.

The meter and accessories must remain full of product at all times. Upstream lines
must remain full to prevent air from entering the measuring system components.
If upstream or inlet lines are constructed in a manner which allows reverse flow,
foot valves or back checks must be installed.

To ensure proper meter and accessory installation, adhere to the following:

Flush the entire piping system prior to component installation to rid the system of
all debris. Use a liquid compatible with the construction of the Petrol Instruments
components.
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Disposal
(MID Measuring System)

The measurement system is suitable for measurements of liquids other than water
having the characteristics and environmental conditions shown on the plate of the
measuring system.

Metrological seals guarantee the measurement system from the voluntary or

involuntary alteration of the correct functioning and calibration conditions. The seals
must not be removed. Removal can be carried out by the manufacturer and/or
personnel of Surveillance Bodies.

The plate of the measurement system contains the following information:

This equipment has been evaluated to the Equipment
For Potentially Explosive Atmospheres Directive,
2014/34/EU, and found to be suitable for use in surface
II 2G (not mines) locations where a high level of protection is
provided against flammable gases, vapours, or liquids
which may exist during normal operation.
MX 0476 This equipment has been evaluated to the 2014/32/UE
directive, Annex VII and found to be suitable for
X measuring liquids other than water by a Notified Body
identified with number 0476.
FLUID The intended process fluid.
The minimum flow range for which the meter is
FLOW MIN./MAX.
designed to operate.
The minimum and maximum working pressure to which
PS MIN./MAX.
the equipment should be subjected on a normal basis.
Weights & Measures field indicating the minimum
MMQ measured quantity. This is the smallest volume that can
be accurately delivered.
The minimum and maximum viscosity of fluid to which
VISC. MIN./MAX.
the accuracy is guaranteed.
The maximum flow range for which the meter is
FLOW MAX.
designed to operate.
TEMP. MIN./MAX. Maximum temperature for Weights & Measure purpose.
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ACCURACY Weights & Measures field for category of approval.

The minimum and maximum density of fluid to which
DENS. MIN./MAX.
the accuracy is guaranteed.
Environmental conditions class for mechanical, EMC and
ENV.
humidity which the meter is designed to operate and the
MECH./EM./HUM. CL.
accuracy is guaranteed.
This equipment has been evaluated to the Pressure
Equipment Directive 2014/68/EU and found to be
PED. CAT.
suitable for the category noted with regards to volume-
pressure limitations found within the equipment itself.

The measurement system must be used according to the instructions and

conditions contained in this manual. Inspection, maintenance and repair operations
must be performed following the instructions given in this manual by qualified
personnel to guarantee the metrological conformity of the measurement system.
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Applicable Standards
(MID Measuring System)

Directive 2014/32/EU - Harmonization of the laws of the Member States relating to

the making available on the market of measuring instruments

Directive 2014/34/EU - Equipment For Potentially Explosive Atmospheres Directive

Directive 2014/68/EU - Pressure Equipment Directive

Directive 2014/30/EU — EMC Directive

OIML R117-1 - Dynamic measuring systems for liquids other than water
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Limits of use,
Special Conditions and Atex Marking

The PD Flowmeters must be used only and exclusively within the limits shown on
the name plate, so only and exclusively for type of liquid, flow rate, temperature,
max pressure and viscosity specified on the nameplate (dwg. 1 ). IT IS NECESSARY
TO CAREFULLY CHECK THE DATA ON THE NAMEPLATE BEFORE STARTING
THE METER.
SPECIAL CONDITIONS FOR A SAFE USE

1. it is forbidden to use the equipment with an empty pipe

2. the installer/user must ensure that the installation position is respected as
declared by the manufacturer for the equipment for which a specific position is
envisaged

ATEX/CE MARKING on the PD flowmeters:

II 2G Exh IIC T6 … T3 X
II -/2D

: It’s the symbol of EC marking and it represents that the equipment is

compliant with 2014/34/UE directive. An EC declaration of conformity is included in
the documentation
: It’s the symbol of Ex, and it represents that the equipment is according to IEC
60079, and the ATEX guideline
II: It’s intended as Group II, electrical equipment for use with an explosive gas
atmosphere other than mines susceptible to firedamp.
2G: It identifies the equipment category; 2G is suitable for use in zone 1 in
presence of explosive gas and vapours inside the equipment but, outside, it is not
suitable for atex zones
2D: It identifies the equipment category; 2D is suitbale for use in zone 21 and 22 in
presence of dust
Exh: It identifies the protection for mechanical construction
IIC: It’s a subdivision of Group II, it identifies the nature of explosive gas
atmosphere. In this case the typical gas is hydrogen.
T6 … T3 It indicates the range of the maximum surface temperature, which shall
be between 85 °C and 200 °C
Ambient Temperature is: -20°C ≤ Tamb. ≤ +40°C
 Sheet n° 11 of 42
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Reading
Unit

dwg.1 - PD Flowmeters
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Installation Instructions

PRECAUTIONS
The majority of PD flowmeters failures are caused by infiltration of solid particles
from the outer housing flanges during "inoperative conditions".
It is therefore very important:
• to remove the flanges protection only immediately before the instrument
installation;
• to absolutely prevent the entering of solid particles into the measuring unit
assembly during installation.

INSTRUCTIONS
1. During flowmeter installation avoid that deformation and/or stresses are induced
into the outer housing from the connecting pipes. If threaded holes for anchoring
purpose are available on the PD flowmeters outer housing, provide for a strong
anchoring to avoid vibrations;
2. Check that actual flow direction is the same indicated by the arrow stamped on
the flowmeter outer housing and/or is in accordance to the "in" and "out" name-
plates attached to the inlet and outlet flanges of the flowmeter itself;
3. The PD flowmeter must be mounted with the rotor shafts in horizontal position
and the counter dial must be in a vertical position (see dwg. 1a). In any case, on
the glass of the counter are glued several drawings which clearly show the
correct mounting position of the PD flowmeter. In case the counter dial is
required to be positioned horizontally or inclinated at 45°, the flowmeter will be
equipped with a proper 90° or 45° angle adaptor.

INSTALLATION ON HORIZONTAL PIPES

dwg.1a
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dwg. 2b
dwg. 2a

dwg. 2c dwg. 2d

dwg. 2e

dwg.2 - Installation Examples

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Installation Instructions
4. For the measure of very viscous liquid at ambient temperature it is
recommended to provide heating for both the line and the flowmeter (if
necessary jacketed type PD flowmeters are available).
5. It is recommended to provide enough space on the rear side of flowmeter (i.e.
on the opposite side of the reading unit) for rear-cover removal as well as for
inner housing assembly removal (dwg. 2a).
6. It is good practice to install a strainer just before the flowmeter. However if plant
configuration does not permit the direct coupling of flowmeter and strainer, it is
imperative to clean thoroughly, before flowmeter installation, the spool pipe
used for strainer and flowmeter connection.
7. In case of new lines and specially in case of new and long lines, flush
accurately the lines themselves, by pumping liquid, before flowmeter
installation, should such operation be impractical, remove the inner housing
assembly from outer housing during the start-up.

INSTALLATION EXAMPLES

1. Wherever possible, install the flowmeter on a by-pass, as shown in dwg. 2b and

dwg. 2c for its easier disassembly and inspection.
2. When an appreciable quantity of solid particles is expected to be present in the
flowing liquid, install two strainers in parallel for alternate use as shown in dwg
2d, or install a “duplex” type strainer;
3. When gas bubbles are expected in the flowing liquid, install an air eliminator as
shown in dwg.2e.
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Start-up and Operating Instructions
1. For new lines let the liquid flow through the by-pass in order to completely wash
away any scale trace. Scale remaining in the lines might cause unusual wear of
bearings and of timing gears;

2. In case PD flowmeter is not installed on a by-pass or in case the line doesn’t

have a by-pass, remove the inner housing assembly from the PD flowmeter
outer housing flanged to the piping and let the liquid flow through the line until
the line itself is completely clean and any trace of scale has been washed
away.
Once the line flushing has been completed, re-install the inner housing
assembly into the outer housing and proceed with the PD flowmeter start-up.

3. To start-up flowmeter open first the inlet valve and then open slowly the outlet
valve.

4. In case of Jacketed PD flowmeter in order to avoid any damage to the

instruments, the operator has to be sure that the heating liquid or vapour has
already properly heat the liquid to be measured.

AVOID TOO HIGH FLOW RATES AS WELL AS TOO SHORT OPENING AND/OR
CLOSING CYCLES.
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Start-up and Operating Instructions
4. During initial service periods check frequently the strainer screener, eventually
cleaning it to avoid clogging.

5. PD flowmeters maintain an high accuracy for long periods of time when

operating within the flow rate range for which they have been realized. It is
recommended to operate the flowmeter only within the flow rate limits
specified in the name-plate.

6. If flowmeters are installed in cold places and so coben measuring water in such
cold places, it is recommended, once the measuring cycle has been completed,
to drain completely, through the proper drain plugs, the liquid remained inside
the instrument to avoid damages to the housing and/or rotors deformations due
to liquid freezing.

7. Should the line where the PD flowmeter is installed be subject to periodic

flushing with high temperature steam and/ or vapour, it is strongly
recommended during the flushing phase, that inner housing assembly is
removed from the outer housing flanged to the piping, to avoid that sudden
mechanic and thermic shocks may damage the components of the measuring
mechanism.
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Failure Analysis
Failure of the flowmeter reading unit may be caused by:

1. Solid particles inside the inner housing assembly;

2. Rotors interference due to excessive wear of bearings and/or of timing gears;

3. Failure of movement transmission system due to:

• excessive wear of transmission gears for models 51, 11, 12, 22, 53 and 13 or of
fork-type coupling for models 14, 24, 16, 18 and 28;
• wear of magnetic transmission components;

4. Misoperation of the reading unit.

In case of flowmeter reading unit failure it is necessary to inspect the instrument

following step-by-step the listed maintenance procedures, replacing, where
needed, damaged parts with new parts.
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Inspection Procedures
models 51-11-12-22-53-13-14-24

1. To check the measuring unit assembly it is convenient to inspect at first the

inner housing assembly.
To do that it is enough to remove the flowmeter rear cover and check, by hands,
whether the timing gears rotate freely or not (dwg. 3a).
2. In case the timing gears rotate freely and the counter does not move, it is
necessary to check the transmission system and the reading unit.
The reading unit, mainly composed of the reduction gear assembly and of the
counter, may be easily inspected removing the counter itself, which may be of
standard type or of an equivalent type. In any case the counter is removed
unscrewing the four bolts as shown in dwg. 3b.
lf the counter rotate freely it is necessary to rotate again the timing gears of the
inner housing assembly to check whether the trouble is in the reduction gear
assembly, which can now be easily inspected, or in the magnetic transmission.
Should be necessary to inspect the magnetic transmission it is suggested to
remove the inner housing assembly following the procedures mentioned under
following item 3.
Doing that it is also possible to inspect the transmission gears for models 51, 1
1, 12, 22, 53 and 13 or the fork-type coupling for models 14 and 24. Magnetic
transmission is then removed unscrewing the eight bolts which provide its
coupling to the front cover of the outer housing.
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dwg. 3a

dwg. 3b

dwg. 3c

dwg. 3d

dwg.3 - Inspection Procedures

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Inspection Procedures
models 51-11-12-22-53-13-14-24

3. At contrary, should the rotation of timing gears be not free and uniform, it is
necessary to pull-out the inner housing assembly from the outer housing and to
proceed to its inspection.
lnner housing assembly is pulled-out from the outer housing taking it from the
timing gears (dwg. 3c).
Should such operation results difficult, do not force on timing gears because
the bearings might be damaged. In this case please use the two threaded
holes, worked-out in the inner rear cover close to the timing gears, on which
the bolts of the outer housing rear cover may be mounted. Once the inner
housing assembly is removed it is possible to provide to its maintenance in
accordance to the procedures mentioned under item 9.
4. The PD flowmeter re-assembly is made just reversing the disassembly
procedures.
It is the case to point-out that the inner unit assembly is equipped with an its
own "anti-rotational" pin having its seat in the outer housing front cover. In re-
positioning the inner housing assembly inside the outer housing it is necessary
that this coupling is correctly made. Furthermore before mounting the rear
cover of the outer housing check that the counter is properly operating by
rotating the timing gears with the hands.
lt is also recommended to replace the PD flowmeter gaskets before its
mounting.
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Inspection Procedures
models 16-18-28

The measuring unit is shown as exploded view in dwg. B.

The numbers mentioned in the drawing, and which will be referred to

hereinafter, are those identifying the components listed in the legenda.

To check the reading unit, mainly composed of the reduction gear assembly
and of the counter, disassembly the adaptor of the counter (82) unscrewing
the relevant fixing bolts (81). In this way either the reading unit either the
magnetic transmission are removed and can be therefore easily inspected.

It is just the case to mention that the counter is disassembled from the
reading unit unscrewing the relevant four fixing bolts.

Should the reading unit and the magnetic transmission be properly operating
it is necessary to check the measuring unit. To do that it is necessary to
remove the outer front cover (72) of the PD flowmeter, unscrewing the
relevant fixing bolts (79).

In this way either the fork-type movement transmission system either the
timing gears of the inner housing assembly can be inspected. It is therefore
possible to check if the timing gears rotate freely and steadily.

In case the rotation of the timing gears is not free and steady it is necessary
to pull-out the inner housing assembly from the outer housing to proceed to
the relevant inspection and maintenance.
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Maintenance
models 51-11-12-22-53-13-14-24

The inner housing unit is shown as exploded view in dwg. A.

In case the rotation of the rotors is not free and uniform it is necessary to check the
following:
1. eventual wearing of the timing gears;
2. eventual wearing of the bearings, normally evidenced by an excessive
clearance between rotors shafts and the relevant bearings;
3. rotors axial clearance, which shall be of few centesimal units;
4. eventual solid particles between the rotors preventing their rotation.
To check the rotors conditions it is necessary to disassembly the inner housing
assembly into its main components. To do that, it is enough to unscrew the inner
housing cover, timing gears side, and remove it from the inner housing assembly
together with the rotors, as a single sub-assembly (dwg. 3c). Before doing this
operation it is necessary for PD flowmeters mod. 51 and mod. 11 to remove the
rotor gear positioned on the front cover side of the inner housing assembly.
It is now possible to check:
1. the actual conditions of the rotors and eventually eliminate any seizing marks;
2. the actual conditions of the bearings, either those mounted on the inner unit
assembly front cover either those mounted on the inner unit assembly rear
cover;
3. the actual conditions of the inner surface of the front and of the rear covers,
and eventually eliminate any seizing marks;
4. the uniformity of rotor shafts dimensions, front cover side, in their coupling to
the bearings.
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dwg. 4a

dwg. 4b dwg. 4c

dwg.4 - Maintenance Procedures

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Maintenance
models 51-11-12-22-53-13-14-24

In case even the front cover of the inner unit assembly has to be inspected, it is
enough to remove it unscrewing the relevant fixing bolts. In making the
maintenance of the inner housing assembly it is recommended not to
desynchronise the rotors, if possible. To do that and in case it is necessary to
check and/or to replace the timing gears, it is convenient to clamp on a vise the
sub-assembly rear cover-rotors (dwg. 4a), inserting between the rotors a thickness
gauge of some centesimal units, that, in case of need, may be also replaced by a
simple paper. In case the rotors have to be disassembled, for example for their
replacing and/or to check the uniformity of the rotors shafts dimensions and/or to
check the dimensions of the rotors themselves and/or for rear cover bearings
replacement, it is suggested to proceed as follows when re-assembling the inner
housing assembly.
1. install separately the two rotors inside the inner housing and check that they
rotate freely;
2. install contemporarily the two rotors inside the inner housing and check that they
do not interfere;
3. in the conditions of the above item 2) mount the first timing gear on its shaft;
4. to mount the other timing gear proceed as follows:
a) block the rotor on which the first timing gear has been already mounted with
a soft material;
b) push with hands the rotor on which the timing gear has to be mounted
against the other rotor, inserting between them a thickness gauge of about
0.1 mm;
c) in the conditions of the above item b) mount the second timing gear;
d) check that the clearances between the rotors and between the rotors
themselves and the inner housing are uniform;
e) In case the bearings have been replaced it is recommended that the same
are aligned with a proper lapping bar (dwg. 4b) and that the inner surface of
the covers has been made perfectly plane (dwg. 4c).
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Maintenance
models 16-18-28

The inner housing is shown as exploded view in dwg. B. To disassembly the rotors
it is recommended to proceed in the following way:

• remove the inner cover (50), timing gears side, unscrewing the relevant fixing
bolts (66);
• remove the shaped rotors plate (48) unscrewing the relevant fixing bolts (49).
To do that it is necessary to slightly push upward the rotors to avoid that the
plate may damage, by blowing, the centering pins between body and cover
(13);
• mark the relative position of timing gears by making a recognizing sign on them.
Such marking is necessary for the correct re-assembly of rotors;
• pull-out the rotors from inner housing assembly, using the timing gears as
pullers.

The actual conditions of the rotors and the wear conditions of the timing gears and
of the bearings may now be properly evaluated.

It is just the case to mention that rear cover is disassembled following the same
procedures mentioned hereinabove.

The purpose of the timing gears is to synchronise the rotors and their relative
position is established by the centering pins (34).

Should timing gears be replaced it is recommended to use particular care in the re-
positioning of the new gears.

The timing gears are removed by unscrewing the relevant fixing bolts (37).
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Maintenance
models 16-18-28

Should be necessary to replace the bearings (22, 59), those must be removed from
the relevant covers together with the bearing holders (23, 60). To facilitate such
operation it is, recommended to mount a screw on the threaded holes of the
bearing holder and to use them to remove the system bearing/ bearing holder.

lnner housing re-assembly procedures are just the reverse of rotors disassembling
procedures above mentioned.

However the utmost care and attention must be placed to the following points:

• check that the clearances, i.e. the distance between the rotors and the distance
between the rotor and the inner unit body are uniform;
• check that rotor position is that corresponding to the recognizing marks
previously made on the timing gears.

The PD flowmeter re-assembly procedures are just the reverse of the disassembly
procedures above mentioned for the check of the measuring unit assembly and of
the reading unit.

The utmost care must however be put in re-assembly the outer front cover to avoid
damages to the fork-type coupling (43, 45) between the inner housing assembly
and the reading unit.
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Spare Parts
Parts found weared or damaged must be replaced with new parts, to order spare
parts make reference to the attached exploded-view drawings.

When placing the order please specify:

a) flowmeter model, printed on the name plate;

b) flowmeter serial number, printed on the name plate;

c) item number and description of the parts, as mentioned in the attached

exploded-view drawings (dwg. A and dwg. B).

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Storage
PD flowmeters are normally supplied packed inside wooden cases that may be
easily handled without damaging the instruments.

For cases handling all types of motor machinery and/or hand machinery generally
available at storage houses may be used.

It is however recommended to avoid cases superimposing except in case of

equal dimensions and similar gross weight.

No special precautions have to be taken for short periods of storage. It is however

recommended that cases are possibly stored in a closed warehouse and anyway
not left in open areas exposed to rain, sand and wind.

In case of long periods of storage, cases must be stored in a closed warehouse. In

addition, PD flowmeters maintenance procedures must be strictly followed
immediately after equipment unpacking and/or immediately before their installation
and/or start-up.

It is in any case imperative that at least the measuring units are removed from the
outer housings and duly checked according to their specific maintenance
procedures, before PD flowmeters start-up.
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Troubleshooting Table

FAILURES FOR PD FLOWMETERS WITH MECHANICAL COUNTER

FAILURE CAUSE SOLUTION

Check the correct
Mechanical counter failure operation of the
mechanical counter
The liquid flows regularly Connection between Check the correct
but the PD flowmeter magnetic transmission operation of the
does not count and mechanical counter reduction gear assembly
Connection between PD Check the correct
flowmeter and reduction operation of the
gear assembly magnetic transmission
Disassemble and inspect
Rotors failure
the rotors
Foreign bodies stuck Remove foreign bodies
The liquid does not flow between the surfaces of and restore the surface
through the PD the rotors of the rotors.
flowmeter Check the correct
Timing gears blocked operation of the timing
gears
Strainer clogged Clean the strainer
The liquid leaks from the
O-ring damaged; cover Replace the O-ring and
junction between the
screws not properly tighten the screws of the
front cover and / or rear
screwed covers
and the body
Bushings and / or timing Replace the bushings
Lack of accuracy
gears worn and / or timing gears
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FAILURES FOR PD FLOWMETERS WITH ELECTRONIC COUNTER

FAILURE CAUSE SOLUTION

Check the correct
Electronic counter failure operation of the
mechanical counter
The liquid flows regularly Connection between Check the correct
but the PD flowmeter magnetic transmission operation of the pulse
does not count and mechanical counter transmitter
Connection between PD Check the correct
flowmeter and reduction operation of the
gear assembly magnetic transmission
Disassemble and inspect
Rotors failure
the rotors
Foreign bodies stuck Remove foreign bodies
The liquid does not flow between the surfaces of and restore the surface
through the PD the rotors of the rotors.
flowmeter Check the correct
Timing gears blocked operation of the timing
gears
Strainer clogged Clean the strainer
The liquid leaks from the
O-ring damaged; cover Replace the O-ring and
junction between the
screws not properly tighten the screws of the
front cover and / or rear
screwed covers
and the body
Bushings and / or timing Replace the bushings
Lack of accuracy
gears worn and / or timing gears
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“A” Spare Parts List

models 51-11-12-22-53-13-14-24-16-18-28
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