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Power Plant Engineering and Economy

The document discusses power plant engineering and economics. It covers various topics related to power plants including their scope, types, capacity, grid systems, generation scenarios, and authorities in Bangladesh. Power plants are industrial facilities that generate electric power using generators which convert mechanical energy from various fuel sources into electric power. They produce bulk electric power and include utility power plants, independent power producers, and captive power plants.

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Tonmoy Singha
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20 views22 pages

Power Plant Engineering and Economy

The document discusses power plant engineering and economics. It covers various topics related to power plants including their scope, types, capacity, grid systems, generation scenarios, and authorities in Bangladesh. Power plants are industrial facilities that generate electric power using generators which convert mechanical energy from various fuel sources into electric power. They produce bulk electric power and include utility power plants, independent power producers, and captive power plants.

Uploaded by

Tonmoy Singha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Power Plant Engineering and Economy

Scopes and Power System Elements

Our scope-
1. Power Plant Engineering
2. Power plant economy
132 kV~ 400 kV
33 kV~ 11 kV
• Generating Station
• Power Station
11~ 15kV 0.40 kV

2/7/2024 Professor Dr S M Abdur Razzak @ EEE, RUET 2


Why Electricity?

• Electricity is the only secondary form of energy


which offers ease of -
1. Production
2. Conversion
3. Transmission
4. Distribution
5. Control
• It is clean and environmentally friendly
• The per capita consumption of electrical energy is
the index of living standard of a country.

2/7/2024 Professor Dr S M Abdur Razzak @ EEE, RUET 3


What is a Power Plant?

• It is an industrial facility or establishment used to


generate electric powers
1. With the help of one or more generators
2. Which converts different mechanical energies into electric
power.
• It is also known as
1. Power station
2. Power House
3. Generating Station etc.
• It produces bulk amount of electric power.

2/7/2024 Professor Dr S M Abdur Razzak @ EEE, RUET 4


Types of Power Plants
• Conventional Type
1. Fossil Fuel Power Plants
 Coal, Natural Gas, Diesel, Furnace Oil etc.
2. Hydro-electric Power Plants
3. Nuclear Power Plants
• Non-conventional Type
1. Wind mill
2. Solar PV
3. Biomass
4. Geothermal, etc.

2/7/2024 Professor Dr S M Abdur Razzak @ EEE, RUET 5


UPPs, IPPs and CPPs
• Utility power plants (UPPs)- Generally state owned and
controlled.
• Independent power producer (IPPs)- IPPs are entities that
are not public utilities but owns facilities to generate
electric power for sale to utilities and end users.
• These can be privately held facilities, corporations,
cooperatives, and non-energy industrial concerns capable of
feeding excess energy into the grid.
• Captive power plants (CPPs)- CPPs are electricity
generation facility used and managed by an industrial or
commercial energy user for their own energy consumption.
• CPPs can operate off-grid or on-grid.

2/7/2024 Professor Dr S M Abdur Razzak @ EEE, RUET 6


Power Plant Capacity and Operating
Reserve
Installed capacity, MW
Non-Operating Reserve:
• Frequency response reserve
• Replacement reserve
Operating Reserve:
• Spinning reserve- amount of unused capacity of on-grid generator
which can compensate for power shortages
• Non spinning reserve- Excess generating capacity that is not
connected to the system but can brought to service in a short time.

2/7/2024 Professor Dr S M Abdur Razzak @ EEE, RUET 7


Grid System in BD

• Grid voltage level


 Primary Transmission
 400kV line
 230kV line
 132kV line
 Secondary Transmission
 33kV line
• Distribution level
 11kV line
 400/220V line

2/7/2024 Professor Dr S M Abdur Razzak @ EEE, RUET 8


2/7/2024 Professor Dr S M Abdur Razzak @ EEE, RUET 9
Generation Scenario (MW) in June 2023

Total- 24911 MW

2/7/2024 Professor Dr S M Abdur Razzak @ EEE, RUET 10


Electrification Rate (1990-2016) in BD

2/7/2024 Professor Dr S M Abdur Razzak @ EEE, RUET 11


Per Capita Electrical Energy (kWh) Consumption
Scenario in 2019
Per Capita Consumptions
Nepal

Myanmar

Sri Lanka

Denmark

Bangladesh

Switzerland

Pakistan

France

Germany

Canada

Japan

India

United States

China

0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000 16,000

2/7/2024 Professor Dr S M Abdur Razzak @ EEE, RUET 12


Energy Consumption by Sector

2/7/2024 Professor Dr S M Abdur Razzak @ EEE, RUET 13


2/7/2024 Professor Dr S M Abdur Razzak @ EEE, RUET 14
Energy Sources for Electricity Production

Hydro-Electric Thermal Nuclear


Initial Cost High Low Highest
Running Cost Low High Lowest
Source Reserve Inexhaustible Exhaustible Inexhaustible
Reliability High Low High
Start-up time Less Long Less
Pollutants Clean Heavy Clean
Technology Simple Complex More complex
Efficiency 85%-90% 25%-35% 35%-45%

2/7/2024 Professor Dr S M Abdur Razzak @ EEE, RUET 15


Authorities and Organizations

2/7/2024 Professor Dr S M Abdur Razzak @ EEE, RUET 16


Transmission Lines

Length
9000
8000
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
400 kV 230 kV 132 kV

Source: BPDB (2023)

2/7/2024 Professor Dr S M Abdur Razzak @ EEE, RUET 17


Plant Layout- an Example
Flu Gas

Turbine Alternator
Steam

Chimney

Condenser
Fuel inlet

Furnace/Boiler Cooling Tower


Pump

2/7/2024 Professor Dr S M Abdur Razzak @ EEE, RUET 18


Actual look of a Thermal Power Plant

2/7/2024 Professor Dr S M Abdur Razzak @ EEE, RUET 19


Source: WhiteBoard

2/7/2024 Professor Dr S M Abdur Razzak @ EEE, RUET 20


Planning of a Power Plant

• Installed Capacity required


 Estimated maximum demand (kWmax/MWmax)
 Anticipated growth of demand
 Reserve capacity required

• Planning of size of units


 Variation of load
 Minimum start-up and shut down periods
 Planned maintenance
 Plant efficiency vs size
 Price and space required per unit vs size of unit.

2/7/2024 Professor Dr S M Abdur Razzak @ EEE, RUET 21


2/7/2024 Professor Dr S M Abdur Razzak @ EEE, RUET 22

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