Textbook VS Materials

Objectives:
1. Discover the history of textbook
2. Determine the importance of instructional materials
3. Compare and Contrast Textbook from Instructional Materials

Textbooks

A textbook is a book that has a thorough compilation of information in a field

The earliest known civilizations are where the history of textbooks begins.
Greek authors, for instance, produced scholarly works. The mass
manufacturing made feasible by the printing press is where the contemporary
textbook got its start. Ars Minor, a textbook on Latin grammar by Aelius
Donatus, may have been printed by Johannes Gutenberg himself. Early
textbooks were utilized by instructors, tutors, and self-taught students alike
(e.g., alphabet books).
Socrates, a Greek philosopher, bemoaned the loss of knowledge as a result of
evolving transmission methods. Knowledge and tales were spoken aloud
before the Greek alphabet was created 2,500 years ago, much like Homer's
epic poetry. Socrates believed that the Greeks' memory and recounting skills
would be weakened by the new writing technology that eliminated the need
to learn stories. Ironically, the only reason we are aware of Socrates' worries
is because his pupil Plato recorded them in his renowned Dialogues.
The development of printing with changeable type in the 15th century brought
to the subsequent revolution in the publishing industry. Johannes Gutenberg,
a German metalsmith, is credited with the invention. He built a wooden-screw
printing press and used molten metal alloy to cast type in molds to transfer
the picture to paper.
The now-famous Gutenberg Bible, a Latin translation of the Hebrew Old
Testament and the Greek New Testament, was printed on a wide scale by
Gutenberg for the first and only time in his career in the 1450s. The first mass
manufacturing of texts was made feasible by Gutenberg's innovation.
Although the Gutenberg Bible was expensive, during the following 50 years,
printed books started to spread rapidly over European trade channels, and by
the 16th century, printed books had become more generally available and less
expensive.
Although there were already a lot of textbooks in circulation, compulsory
education and the expansion of schooling that followed in Europe resulted in
the publishing of a lot more textbooks for kids. Since the 19th century,
textbooks have been the main educational tool for the majority of kids. The
New England Primer from the 18th century and the McGuffey Readers from
the 19th century are two textbooks of historical relevance in American
education.
The way individuals engage with textbooks has altered as a result of recent
technology advancements. Students are finding it easier and easier to access
resources other than the standard print textbook thanks to online and digital
resources. Students now have access to video lectures, online tutoring
services, and electronic books (or "e-books"). Principles of Biology from
Nature Publishing is an illustration of an electronic book.
Most significantly, more and more writers are releasing their textbooks under
a creative commons or other open license rather than through traditional
publishers.
E-textbooks provide a further option to save money and get the content you
need. According to the article "E books change the laws of education," an e-
textbook may be purchased for a fraction of the price of a traditional textbook.
E-textbooks are not a new technology, but they have been "gaining pace"
because to the popularity of iPhone apps and devices like the Amazon Kindle.
The problem of pricey textbooks is a worry for publishers and editors,
according to the article "Are textbooks obsolete?" Students are concerned
about the cost of textbooks, and e-textbooks help to solve this issue,
according to Williams. "As publishers, we realize the high cost of these
materials, and the electronic format enables us to lower the general expense
of our content to the market," he adds. By enabling the user to annotate and
take notes inside the pages of an electronic textbook, similar experiences to
those found in traditional textbooks are made possible. These programs
supplement textbook instruction by offering rapid definitions, text-to-speech
capability, and search features.
In the Teaching of English, Textbooks are mainly used for references,
exercises, springboards, and the training of reading skills.

Instructional Materials
The knowledge or content that is taught in a course is referred to as
instructional materials. These comprise the course's lectures, readings,
textbooks, multimedia lessons, and other materials. These resources can be
utilized in both in-person and online classrooms, although some will need to
be altered or completely reworked for the online setting. The most effective
learning resources are coordinated with all other course components, such as
learning objectives, assessments, and activities.
The fundamental knowledge that students will encounter, discover, and use
during a course is provided by the instructional materials. They have the
ability to motivate or disengage pupils. This is particularly true for online
courses, which depend on a thorough and deliberate collection of educational
resources that students will access, examine, absorb, and refer to as they
move through a course.
For the best results, these resources must be properly chosen, arranged,
improved, and used in a course. In order to maximize student learning, the
design and selection of instructional materials should address both the breadth
and depth of information.
Casting a broad net and looking for a range of resources to include in their
course are two things that instructors and/or instructional designers should
do. They should also take their time making these decisions to ensure that the
course includes the right mix of educational resources. Here are just a few
examples of the kind of instructional materials that may be used in an online
course.
References:

1. Brian Tomlinson (editor), 2012, “Developing Materials for Language