FORMAT For Research Ate Lian Final Na Gayud

Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
CARAGA Administrative Region
DIVISION OF SURIGAO DEL SUR
UNIDAD NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Unidad, Cagwait, Surigao del Sur
Project Title: : Pseudostem ( banana leaf sheaths ) as an alternative source for bouquet
wrapper
Name of Project Proponent: Julianne S. Leopoldo, Sheena Toffe G. Masong, Shanley
A. Ramos, Jasmine C. Requina
Region: CARAGA Division: Surigao del Sur
School: Unidad National High School Grade Level: 10
Project Duration:
Email: [email protected],
[email protected],
[email protected],
[email protected]
Category: Physical science
Theme: Waste Conservation
PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 34
Unidad, Cagwait, Surigao del Sur, 8304

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Pseudostem (Banana Leaf

Sheaths) as an Alternative Source
for Bouquet Wrapper
Project Proponent:
Julianne S. Leopoldo
Sheena Toffe G. Masong
Shanley A. Ramos
Jasmine Requina
2022

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Abstract
This study's goal is to use a low-cost alternative raw material to make

bouquet wrappers. One of the largest issues facing modern society is solid waste. In
this project, hand-made bouget wrappers were produced using banana fiber.
According to the Basics of Paper Manufacturing of Oklahoma State University2016
by Salim Hizinonglu, paper is a thin sheet typically made from cellulose pulp derived
from wood and other lignocellousic materials such as cotton, rice, or wheat straw.
Tsai Lun, a Chinese court officer in Lei-yang, China, first created paper 2,000 years
ago. The survey is conducted using a quanti-quali methodology. In both the survey
and the experiment, qualitative methods are employed.

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Table of Contents
A. Introduction ………………………………………………………………………………………..5
A.1 Rationale………………………………………………………………………………..6
A.2 Significance of the Study ……………………………………………………………...7-8
A.3 Scientific Basis……………………………………………………………………….…8
A.4 Theoretical Framework…………………………………………………………….….9
A.5 Objective of this Study………………………………………………………………....9-10
A.6 Null Hypothesis………………………………………………………………………...10
A.7 Scope and Limitation…………………………………………………………………..10
B. Review Related Literature and Studies
B.1 Review of Related Literature
Foreign ………………………………………………………………………….11-12
Locale…………………………………………………………………………….12-13
B.2 Related Studies
Foreign …………………………………………………………………………..14-15
Locale ……………………………………………………………………………15-17
C. Methodology………………………………………………………………………………………18
C.1 Research Design ……………………………………………………………………...18
C.2 Reseach Locale………………………………………………………………………..18
C.3 Research Framework (fig.1)……………………………………………………….…19
C.4 Data Gathering Procedure ……………………………………………………….….20
C.5 Statistical Method ……………………………………………………………….…...20
C.6 Conceptual Framework ………………………………………………………….…..21
D. Data and Result
D.1 Data …………………………………………………………………………………...22-23
D.2 Analysis ……………………………………………………………………………….24-26
E. Potencial Impact…………………………………………………………………………………..26
F. Conclution and Recommendation………………………………………………………………..27
G. Work Plan and Target Deliverable ……………………………………………………………..28-29
H. References ……………………………………………………………………………………….30-31

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A. Introduction
In today’s world, Flowers has big role to us not only for couples but to all of
us. Flower are often associated with relationships wether it is a romantic relationship
or friendly one, flowers have been used for their meaningful symbolism in various
bands back in ancient times, flowers have been enchanting people through their
delicate scent and natural attractiveness. From long ago, people have the idea of
flowers to convey potential symbols to express particular meanings, in addition to
popular roses many other flowers are also employed to celebrate various events
including Birthdays, Valentine's Day, Father’s Day , Mother’s Day, and other especial
days. They are use as a language to convey something and to be spoken directly.
Furthermore, flowers for new relationships are becoming worth discussing right now.
Flowers believed to become the best medium to express your love and feelings to
someone. And also flower are adding romance to a relationships, Bringing Happiness,
and many more.
In addition, Banana Leaf sheaths ( musa Acuminata ) is really familiar to all
people. All part of banana plant can be used by people to make a product or even have
medical applicant, and also it can be a bouquet wrapper. Eric Van heck (2021) asserts
that flower arrangements will be traded through intricate platform ecosystems using a
modularity- based model. A detailed examination of flower arrangements shed light
on the complexity, difficulties, and transformation of the flower industry’s supply to
demand orientation.

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A.1 Rationale
The gross value added generated from the manufacturing of paper and paper
products in the Philippines amounted to approximately 31.1 billion pesos in 2022. this
reflects an increase of the value added generated from the previous year based on the
GVA of paper and paper manufacturing Philippines 2020-2022.
According to Lakhan Singh, Dr. Tarun Kanti Bandyopadhyay, Department of
Chemical Engineering, NIT, Bamboo, hardwood, softwood, and jute, among other
raw materials, are used by many businesses to make tissue paper because they contain
high levels of cellulose. Based on its high cellulose content, banana stem serves as a
very acceptable alternative raw material. Banana trees divide into essentially three
segments viz. stem, leaves, and roots, but the leaves and roots are removed since they
are useless. The primary raw material for tissue paper is cellulose, and the stem of a
banana tree contains the highest concentration of cellulose.
In manufacturing of the tissue paper, lignin creates the problem because it
cannot be easily separated due to the intermolecular linkage of cellulose. Lignin is a
combination of phenolic groups and it interconnects with the cellulose and the
resultant bond is very strong. But delignification is very important to obtain a high-
quality.

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A.2 Significance of Study
This study is more likely to contribute to emphasize the need to use fewer raw
materials when creating flower bouquet wrappers. Additionally, it encourages
students inventiveness while sourcing additional materials for bouquet wrapper.
Similar to paper, practically all of the materials used to make bouquets come from
trees, which could lead to deforestation and have negative environmental effects due
to air pollution, waste issues, and other issues.
 Community-it reduces plastic waste, promotes sustainable practices, and
protects the environment in the community by introducing pseudostem-
derived bouquet wrappers as an eco-friendly alternative resource.
 Environment-it can contribute to environmental protection by offering a
sustainable alternative to non-degradable materials, reducing plastic waste,
and promoting the use of renewable resources in bouquet wrappers by using
the pseudostem from in Lakatan (Musa acuminata).
 School.-it can increase environmental awareness among students, promote
sustainable practices, and provide a practical example of using renewable
resources in the form of wrapping bouquets derived from pseudostem, thereby
promoting cultural of environmental responsibility within the school
community.
 Students-it can empower students with knowledge and practical solutions for
sustainable living by demonstrating the use of pseudostem from Lakatan

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(Musa acuminata) as an alternative resource for bouquet wrappers,
encouraging them to make of environmentally conscious choices and inspire
future environmental stewardship.
 Future Researchers. Those that have the same study may use this as a
reference and basis for other studies.
A.3 Scientific Bases
The pseudostem of Lakatan banana (Musa acuminata) has gained attention
as a potential alternative source for bouquet wrappers due to its renewable and
eco-friendly characteristics. The theoretical framework for this study is based on
previous research by Santos et al. (2020), which explored the physical, chemical,
and mechanical properties of Lakatan pseudostem fibers for various applications.
The study demonstrated the suitability of Lakatan pseudostem fibers for
papermaking and emphasized their potential as a sustainable alternative to
traditional paper-based materials. Building upon this foundation, the current study
aims to evaluate the viability of utilizing Lakatan pseudostem fibers specifically
for bouquet wrappers, assessing factors such as durability, flexibility, and
consumer acceptance.

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A.4 Theoretical Framework
All plants have cellulose fibers in their cell walls, and these fibers are very
strong and long-lasting. Natural cellulose fibers exhibit no strength loss even in a wet
state. The combination of these characteristics with strength and flexibility gives
cellulose a special significance for the production of paper. According to Britica
(2013), pulp and paper both contain nonfibrous components or cells, which are
present in the majority of plant materials. Although non fibrous cells are less suitable
for paper making than fibers, they are useful for filling in the sheet when combined
with fiber. Most likely, any natural plant can be used to create some form of paper.
The sources of supply are nevertheless constrained by the criteria for paper quality
and financial factors.
A.5 Objectives of this Study
The goals of the research are:
To determine if the Pseudostem (banana leaf sheaths) is suitable for the
production using Soda Ash. The objectives of this study are the following:
1. To determine if Pseudostem (banana leaf sheaths) capable to be an
alternative source for bouquet wrapper.
2. To describe the difference in making the bouquet wrapper using
Pseudostem (banana leaf sheaths) from the ordinary bouquet wrapper.

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3. To describe the significant difference of the material in terms of
flammability, texture and durability in making the bouquet wrapper
A.6 Null Hypothesis
The researchers assume the following null hypothesis:
1. Pseudostem (banana leaf sheath) can not be an alternative way in
making the wrapper
1. There is no significant difference in making of pseudostem (banana
leaf sheaths) from ordinary bouquet wrapper.
2. There is no significant different of each material in terms of
flammability, water absorption, texture and durability of banana leaf
sheaths wrapper.
A.7 Scope and Limitation
The area has access to every material needed for the experiment. In the
experiment, the researchers uses a banana leaf sheaths where we will collect at
Prk.Cempron 2, Tubo-tubo, Cagwait Surigao Del Sur. This study was chosen by the
researchers because it will be useful to many flower shop owners.

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B. Review of Related Literature & Studies
B.1 Review of Related Literature
Foreign
Pratikhya Badanayak et al. (2023) state that banana pseudostems are
increasingly acknowledged as a sustainable raw resource with numerous
applications. There has been a lot of research done on banana pseudostem fiber
extraction, characterisation, modification, and utilization. Manual extraction is
prioritized above mechanical extraction. Surface treatments are used to change the
surface of a fiber so that it can be used in specific applications. Because of its high
cellulose content, good to moderate strength, fineness, fiber length-to-breath ratio,
and other qualities, it is commonly used in the textile industry.
Furthermore, Akanksha Mote et al.(2023) indicated that almost all elements
of this factory, including fruit, leaves, flower buds, trunk, and pseudo-stem, can be
utilised. Their research focuses on the fiber derived from the pseudo-stem of the
banana plant. It is concerned with the fiber collected from the banana factory's
pseudo-stem. It addresses the product of banana pseudo-stem fiber, which
comprises colony and harvesting; banana pseudo-stem fiber extraction; retting;
and fiber degumming. It also discusses the morphological, physical and mechanical
qualities, duration, degradability, thermal, chemical, and antibacterial properties of
banana pseudo-stem fiber.

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In addition, all natural fibers are lower in health concerns, safer for the
environment, recyclable, and nonabrasive for quick processing. Natural fibers have
numerous advantages over synthetic fibers, including widespread availability,
greatly reduced density, low cost, exceptional thermal insulation, significant
endurance, superior electrical resistance, increased acoustic characteristics, and
high specific strength Khan et al., (2021).
In accordance with C. V. Pavithra, V. Gayathri, and K. Vigneswaran. They
are also utilized in the production of mushrooms. Handicraft production, high-
quality paper cards high-quality fabric, string thread, and tea bags substance,
currency note paper, and good Rope used for tying. The fibers found in bananas
were said to be sleek and sophisticated versatile. Because they did not collapse
easily, These fibers were employed in the The production of clothing materials. The
quality texturing was discovered to be quality dependent of fibers utilized.
Locale
Natural resources play a major role in any country's economic activities and
hence contribute significantly to the gross domestic product (GDP). In the case of
developing countries, this also assists with economic development. There is an
increasing global trend toward maximizing such resources through new methods
and products. These, in turn, not only aid in the prevention of pollution, but also in
creating jobs, particularly in rural areas, and contributing to the development of
living standards. Luciano Pinheiro etal.,(2019)

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Furthermore, Pedrito M. Tenerife Jr., etal (2019) claimed that the demand
for the use of natural fibers in the production of clothing, carpets, and other
handcraft products has increased dramatically. To address the need for fiber, many
plants are used as a source material. It is taken from various plants' fruits, stems,
and leaves. Coconut, water hyacinth, pineapple, and abaca are natural sources of
fiber in the Philippines. These plants have received a lot of attention. However,
banana (Musa sapientum), which is related to and similar to abaca (Musa textiles),
is also a good source. of fiber.
The banana is one of the most important fruits farmed in the Philippines. It
offers food as well as industrial raw materials. Aside from the fruit, banana
blossom, and trunk pith that can be consumed, natural fiber can be taken from the
trunk (pseudo-stem) that is typically discarded after harvesting. The fiber from
pseudo-stem can be utilize in handicrafts, ropes, apparel, and other things.
International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (2019)
In addition, the Philippine Textile Research Institute (2012) stated that
banana plantations in the Philippines alone can produce more than 300,000 tons of
fiber. The institute, which is a pioneer in banana research, fiber, has lately
published studies to increase fiber texture using degumming banana fiber
techniques, hence shortening processes. The abaca (Musa textiles) banana species
is most known for its fiber. Its fiber is quite important among the foliar fibers, but
the most common banana consumed by humans is a Musa acuminata member.

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B.2 Review of Related Studies
Foreign
Horn (2020) shown that, in some circumstances, the relationship between
tearing resistance and fiber length is highly significant, although other researchers
claim that an increase in raw material fiber length increases the tearing strength of
hardwood pulps. (Seth and MacLeod 2019;) The mechanical properties of paper
depend primarily on the morphological character of the individual fiber and on
their interaction with one another. The general relationship between fiber
morphology and paper strength properties has been studied for various wood
species ( Seth and Page 2019; Ververis et al. 2018;Gurnagul et al.2018;Gurnagul et
al. 2018). Using multiple regression analysis, Kellogg and Thykeson (2018) also
discovered that cell wall thickness and fiber length could account for the bulk of
variation in burst and tensile strength in hardwood pulp sheets.
It seems difficult to delignify banana stems despite their low lignin level.
However, other experts believe that if the material is not sufficiently prepared,
banana stems can produce a high-quality specialty fiber with a high yield. Heikal et
al. compared the pulping of retted and unretted banana chips using kraft (MacLeod
2018) and nitric acid (Heikal 2017). They claimed that pulping retted samples
produced pulps with superior chemical and strength characteristics compared to
pulp produced from unretted samples.

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Dinwoodie (2017) stressed the importance of the three derived values on
pulp strength in an extensive review of the literature. (MacLeod 2017) Source of
lignocellulosic fibers for paper making and/or composite materials: Banana
pseudo-stem (Hornsby et al. 2016; Karolia and Malhan 2016). Along with
microfibrilangle, cellulose content is a determining element for mechanical
characteristics. For bast fibers, a high cellulose percentage and low micro fibril
angle contribute to acceptable mechanical qualities. Lignins are connected to
hemicelluloses and are crucial to the lignocellulosic material's inherent resistance
to degradation. While Saikia et al. (2016) and Ogbonnaya et al. (2014) have
successfully used those derived values to assess the suitability of various non-wood
fiber raw materials for pulp and paper manufacture, Khan et al. (2013) used
elemental analysis to assess the composition of banana pseudo-stem. The
mechanical properties of paper depend primarily on the morphological character of
the individual fiber and on the interaction between them (MacLeod 2013). It is
generally known how important plant materials, fiber dimensions, and the values
generated from them (slenderness ratio, flexibility coefficient, and Runkel ratio)
are to pulp and paper mechanical strength. X.
Locale
One of the first crops to be grown by humans in recorded history is the
banana. This particular plant family's origins are in Southeast Asia, from India to
Papua New Guinea (Arvanitoyannis and Mavromatis 2019; De Lange et al. 2019).
With an estimated gross production of 139 million tons (FAO 2020), it is now the

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second largest fruit crop in the world due to its widespread cultivation and
consumption in recent decades. India, China, Uganda, Ecuador, the Philippines,
and Nigeria are the top banana and plantain producing nations in the world. Since
the majority of edible bananas are grown primarily for their fruits, banana
plantations may produce large amounts of waste and unusable byproducts. Due to
improper agricultural waste management practices, a significant amount of
economically significant untapped resources would be wasted, seriously harming
the environment (Essien et al. 2020; Shah et al. 2019; Yabaya and Ado 2020). The
native people have been using these plants for more than simply food; they have
started to consider how they may be used in their daily lives.
As cultures become more diverse, so does the use of banana by-products,
which have been used to wrap foods, clothes, and participate in numerous
ceremonial occasions (Kennedy, 2021). Modern agriculture typically classifies
bananas with other crops like rice, oil palm, sugarcane, pineapple, mangoes, and
pineapple as fruit crops or cash crops. Similar to this, several of these commodities
do generate a significant amount of biomass or agricultural waste, also known as
cellulostic waste. Recent trends favor the use of this biomass for value added
purposes to fulfill the need in the areas of renewable energy, fiber composites and
textiles, food alternatives, and livestock feed (Rosentrater et al. 2019). Innovation in
managing such a vast amount of agricultural waste or biomass is a continuous
challenge.Studies on the cellulostic fibers from other agricultural wastes, such as

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from the oil palm industries, showed that these by-products had a great potential to
become a commercial raw material in the production of highly demanded products
like paper and fiber composites (Bakar et al. 2019; Wan Rosli et al. 2019).
As cultures become more diverse, so does the use of banana by-products,
which have been used to wrap foods, clothes, and participate in numerous
ceremonial occasions (Kennedy, 2021). Modern agriculture typically classifies
bananas with other crops like rice, oil palm, sugarcane, pineapple, mangoes, and
pineapple as fruit crops or cash crops. Similar to this, several of these commodities
do generate a significant amount of biomass or agricultural waste, also known as
cellulostic waste. Recent trends favor the use of this biomass for value added
purposes to fulfill the need in the areas of renewable energy, fiber composites and
textiles, food alternatives, and livestock feed (Rosentrater et al. 2019). Innovation in
managing such a vast amount of agricultural waste or biomass is a continuous
challenge. research on the cellulostic. Studies on the cellulostic fibers from other
agricultural wastes, such as from the oil palm industries, showed that these by-
products had a great potential to become a commercial raw material in the
production of highly demanded products like paper and fiber composites (Bakar et
al. 2019; Wan Rosli et al. 2019).

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C. Methodology
This part presents the discussion of the research design, research locale,
research materials, research framework, and data gathering procedures, experimental
procedures and statistical treatment of data.
C.1 Research Design
The qualitative research design is used to determine if the Pseudotem of
lakatan (banana leaf sheaths)as an alternative source for bouquet wrapper, by
gathering information through personal observation. Quantitative research design is
also used to gather data using numerical numbers to get the mean. Researchers
develop a piece of work that gives accurate credit for the intended result in order to
demonstrate their assumptions.
C.2 Research Locale
In making the product it will take place at one of the researchers house and
the survey of this study will take place at Unidad National High School, plant samples
will be collected in the Cagwait Surigao del Sur area specifically at tubo-tubo,
Cagwait, Surigao del Sur.

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C.3 Research Framework
PSEUDOSTEM OF LAKATAN (Musa Aciminat)
GATHERING OF THE MATERIALS
MAKING OF THE EXPERIMENT
SUN DRYING THE FINISHED PRODUCT
CONDUCTING OF THE RESEARCH
Figure 1. Flow Chart of the Research

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C.4 Data Gathering Procedure
A. Plant Material
The Pseudostem (Banana leaf sheaths) will be collected at Purok
Cempron II, Tubo-tubo, Cagwait, Surigao del Sur.
B. Plant extraction and Solution
The Pseudostem (Banana leaf sheaths) will be cut into shall pieces and
will be added with hot water. Soda ash will be added soon, After settled then
blend. The final production will be place into a mold deckle then dried.
C. Experimental Procedure
a. Flammability Test
In flammability, it will measure if the bouquet wrapper burned out
after indicated time with the use of a lighter and stopwatch to ensure the equal
flame of every flower decor.
b. Texture
The texture will test if this bouquet wrapper capable for bending and folding.
C.5 Statistical Method
This research will use the descriptive qualitative method in collecting data. The
data will be presented in a table.

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C.6 Conceptual Frame Work
Input-process-output model will be used by the approach system to explain the
conceptual framework. The Pseudostem sheaths of Musa acuminata (Lakatan) is in
the input. The procedure demonstrates the gathering of materials and the difference
between durability, permeability and flammability. In obtaining information the
researchers uses a questionnaire to indicate its flammability, durability, and
permeability. Lastly the third box shows the final output.
Data collecting
through
questionnaires to Bouquet wrapper
indicate its: out of Pseudostem
Pseudostem sheaths
of lakatan (musa
of Musa acuminate  Flammability acuminate)
(Lakatan)  Durability
 Permeability
Figure 2. Schematic Diagram of the Study

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D. Data and Result

D.1 Data
Table A. Set-up A contains soda ash in the process (soda ash helps soften the
Pseudostem of Lakatan).
Mean Total Classification
1. Is there nodifference in 2.27 68 Disagree

thickness between the Lakatan
(Musa acuminata) and the
commercial bouquet wrapper?
2. Is the commercial bouquet 1.9 59 Disagree

wrapper thicker than the
Pseudostem of Lakatan (Musa
acuminata)?
3. The texture betwee the 2.76 83 Neutral

acuminata) an alternative source
for bouquet wrapper and the
commercial bouquet wrapper has
no difference?
4. Is there no difference in 1.8 54 Disagree

permeability test between the
commercial and the Pseudostem
of Lakatan as an alternative
source for bouquet wrapper?

Flammability between the
pseudostem of Lakatan (Musa
acuminata) and the commercial
bouquet wrapper?
6. Is there no difference 1.9 55 Disagree

betweenthe in durability of the
commercial bouquet wrapper
and the Pseudostem of lakatan
(Musa acuminate)?
Table 1: Survey of Results (Set-up A)

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Table B. Set-up B this set-up does not contain soda ash in the process instead we dry
tha lakatan under the sun for 3 days,
Mean Total Classification
1. Is there nodifference in 2.2 65 Disagree

thickness between the Lakatan
(Musa acuminata) and the
commercial bouquet wrapper?
2. Is the commercial bouquet 1.93 58 Disagree

wrapper thicker than the
acuminata)?
3. The texture betwee the 2.6 72 Neutral

acuminata) an alternative source
for bouquet wrapper and the
commercial bouquet wrapper has
no difference?
4. Is there no difference in 1.4 41 Strongly Disagree

permeability test between the
commercial and the Pseudostem
of Lakatan as an alternative
source for bouquet wrapper?

Flammability between the
pseudostem of Lakatan (Musa
acuminata) and the commercial
bouquet wrapper?
6. Is there no difference 2 59 Disagree

betweenthe in durability of the
commercial bouquet wrapper
and the Pseudostem of lakatan
(Musa acuminate)?
Table 2: Survey Result (Set-up B)

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D.2 Analysis
Set-up A
In question number 1 the mean is 2.27 which means disagree, the grade 9 STE
students do not agree that the commercial bouquet wrapper and the Pseudostem of
lakatan (Musa acuminata) has no difference in thickness. They don’t agree because
Pseudostem is thicker than the commercial.
Question number 2the mean is 1.9 which means that most of the student also
disagree, they don’t agree that commercial bouquet wrapper is thickerthan the
Pseudostem of lakatan (Musa acuminata). They notice that Pseudostem is thicker than
the commercial.
In question number 3 the STE students did not agree nor disagree that
Pseudostem of lakatan and commercial has no difference, the mean is 2,76 which is
neutral.
Refers to the question number 4 it shows the total of respondents answers, the
total mean is 1.8 it means that the majority of the students disagree because they don’t
think that that there’s difference between the Pseudostem of lakata and the
commercial in terms of permeability.
Same for the question 5 the students also disagree because they believe that
there is difference between the Pseudostem of Lakatan (Musa acuminata) and the
commercial wrapper in terms of flammability.

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And also the question number 6 has the same result from the other numbers
the students also disagree because there is a difference between thecommercial and
the Pseudostem of lakatan (Musa acuminata) in terms of durability.
Set-up B
Question number 1 table 2, most of the respondents disagree, the question
asked if the set-up B Pseudstem of lakatan has no difference in the commercial in
terms of thickness.
Table 2 question number 2 most of the respondents disagree. the question
asked if the commercial thicker than the pseudostem of lakatan. It explained that the
Pseudostem is thicker than the commercial.
The respondents are neutral to the question number 3 because the texture
really differ a lot.
Question number 4 the students strongly disagree to the question, is there no
difference in Permeability between the commercial and the pseudostem of lakatan.
They also disagree to the question number 5 the question asked, if the
commercial bouquet wrapper has no difference in flammability and it explained that
there is difference in flammability between the commercial and the pseudostem of
lakatan.

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Almost all the respondents answered disagree to the question number 6 maybe
because they might think that there is really a difference between the commercial and
the pseudostem of lakatan.
E. Potential Impact
This study will prove the potential of Pseudostem Sheaths of Musa Acuminata
(Lakatan) as an alternative bouquet wrapper by analyzing the data from the
respondents' responses. The characteristics of Musa Acuminata (Lakatan) Pseudostem
Sheaths as an alternative bouquet wrapper are the durability, permeability, and
flammability.
As a result, this work makes a significant addition to the field of natural
resource management and introduces new technologies that may aid in economic
progress. Producing an alternative material from natural resources to replace the
pricey components of commercial items will reduce waste, which is continually
growing. The researchers may suggest that this experimental research be made known
to others and given importance in the field of Natural Resources Management. The
innovators may assist the researchers in broadening the scope of the investigation.

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F. Conclusion and Recommendation
Based on the study we conducted entitled the pseudostem (banana leaf
sheaths) as an alternative source for bouquet wrapper. It was found out that the
respondents answer to our survey questionnaire reached our expected result. While
doing our survey we compared the two set-ups and it shows that set-up a is more
suitable as an alternative bouquet wrapper since it contains sodium carbonate or soda
ash in the process which help the banana leaf sheaths of lakatan soften while boiling
in the process.
The researchers concluded that the set-up a can be an alternative source for
bouquet wrapper based on the respondents survey questionnaires.
As a result, the respondents concluded that they prefer the set-up A which
contains soda ah in the process as an alternative source for bouquet wrapper. The
following recommendations are offered based on the experimentation accomplished:
 Seek for advices or proceed to proper laboratory test to validate the product.
 Future researchers should consider the weather before doing the experiment
 The duration of the sun drying should last within 5 days to 1week, but if the
weather is not good the process will take longer, approximately 2weeks
 All measurements needed should be followed carefully and the amount of soda
ash should remain constant.

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G. work Plan and Target Deliverable
Activities October November December January
2022 2022 2022 2023
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
1. Research Plan
2. Letter of Approval
3. Experimental Set-up
4. Respondents Letter
5. Making Background
Research.
6. Making problem
statement and
hypothesis.

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Activities February March April May
2023 2023 2023 2023
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
7. Identifying Variables
and Making Timeline.
8. Data Collection
9. Making Results,
10. Making Analysis and
Conclusion, and
Recommendation

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Reference Cited
Lakhan Singh, Dr. Tarun Kanti Bandyopadhyay, Department of Chemical

Engineering, NIT, Agartala E- mail: [email protected]
https://www.sciencedirect.com
Production of wrapping paper from banana fibres
A Ramdhonee, P Jeetah - Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2017

[PDF] Banana pseudo-stem: an alternative raw material for paper making
GM Deshmukh, HA Sawarkar, TD Varu - Int J Eng Appl Sci Technol, 2019 Paper
making from banana pseudo-stem: Characterization and comparison
MZH Khan, MAR Sarkar, FI Al Imam... - ... of natural fibers, 2014 - Taylor &
Francis
From banana stem to conductive paper: A capacitive electrode and gas sensor
BS Noremberg, RM Silva, OG Paniz, JH Alano... - Sensors and Actuators B ..., 2017
- Elsevier
[HTML] Selection of an industrial boiler for a soda-ash production plant using

analytical hierarchy process and TOPSIS approaches
S Hasnain, MK Ali, J Akhter, B Ahmed... - Case Studies in Thermal ..., 2020 -
Elsevier
Effect of soda ash industry effluent on protein content of two green seaweeds RN
Jadeja, A Tewari - Journal of hazardous materials, 2008 - Elsevier
Non-wood fiber as an alternative to wood fiber in Chinas pulp and paper industry
AL Hammett, RL Youngs, X Sun, M Chandra - 2001 - degruyter.com
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=Banana%20fiber
%20*Philippines&oq=&fbclid=IwAR1HauNUK7LDSCEltxFba7qoUCDd_oOmXQk
COifi1nEeE7iWz2frRQj_Ino#d=gs_qabs&t=1683682734805&u=%23p
%3Dji9Eu6C5lmcJhttps://jtatm.textiles.ncsu.edu/index.php/JTATM/article/view/6825
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=banana%20stem
%20fiber
%20*Philippines&btnG=&fbclid=IwAR04SWYlZhMwzPds4k_0tFKzp3yEG-
yjwsuUrcodcqopR-VkVgZTw1bodTI#d=gs_qabs&t=1683682869626&u=%23p

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[email protected]
%3DlzbQ_JslvmIJ U Pitimaneeyakul - … of the environmental engineering

association of …, 2009 - webistem.com
J Food Sci Technol. 2014 Dec; 51(12): 3527–3545.

Published online 2012 Oct 3. doi: 10.1007/s13197-012-0861-2
PMCID: PMC4252442 PMID: 25477622
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4252442/?
fbclid=IwAR1ZVx7ztcQRRDFN7lTvhzpt-NS6C_oNMxwKNv0k425-
NKeaAYBBhHnBlgo
https://www.studocu.com/ph/document/university-of-baguio/bs-medical-laboratory-
science/chapter-1-3-for/27652699?
fbclid=IwAR04SWYlZhMwzPds4k_0tFKzp3yEG-yjwsuUrcodcqopR-
VkVgZTw1bodTI
Department of Material and Material Processing Technologies, Arsin Vocational
School, Karadeniz Technical University, Arsin/Trabzon, Turkey ✉ Corresponding
author: [email protected] Received November 11, 2021
https://www.cellulosechemtechnol.ro/pdf/CCT1-2(2022)/p.131-140.pdf?
fbclid=IwAR29R-
3q9KD0hWrOcN2KsrlBnHxFM6QAPocD4ZS1LH1E2jbzhxCzCMWE6uE
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=Banana%20fiber
%20*Philippines&oq=&fbclid=IwAR29R-
3q9KD0hWrOcN2KsrlBnHxFM6QAPocD4ZS1LH1E2jbzhxCzCMWE6uE#d=gs_qa
bs&t=1683682734805&u=%23p%3Dji9Eu6C5lmcJ
Pratikhya Badanayak Seiko Jose & Gautam Bose
Article: 2168821 | Published online: 31 Jan 2023
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15440478.2023.2168821?
fbclid=IwAR3WKfsWrUAvoLw2Nyxuw8UPbvCLl2yW_u1L1wDcgWToEIW-
vcjsxmxe-zA
Banana Nutrition: Function and Processing Kinetics Afam I. O. Jideani, Tonna A.
Anyasi BoD – Books on Demand, Jan 22, 2020 - Health & Fitness - 114 page
https://books.google.com.ph/books/about/Banana_Nutrition.html?
id=rjP8DwAAQBAJ&redir_esc=y
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s42452-019-1384-5?fbclid=IwAR1DLY-
kB1Iv73nXUr97gQHZLvEKEOGcwaAbLHuwLpOnZyu5yOqYpQ3ir2M
Biomordants and new alternatives to the sustainable natural fiber dyeings Luciano
Pinheiro, Lais Kohan, Larissa Oliveira Duarte, Maria Elisa de Paula Eduardo
Garavello & Julia Baruque-Ramos SN Applied Sciences volume 1,
Article number: 1356 (2019) Cite this article

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Curriculum Vitae
Name : Julianne S. Leopoldo
Nickname : Lian
Address :Purok Ilang-ilang Aras-asan, Cagwait Surigao del Sur
Date of Birth : February 23, 2007
Place of Birth: Adela Sera Ty Memorial center at Tandag
Age : 16
Nationality : Filipino
Civil Status : single
Mother: Allyn S. Leopoldo
Father : Joey O. Leopoldo
Religion: UCCP
Motto: Start your day with a smile to end it with a smile
Educational Background
Junior High School: Unidad National High school
Year Graduated:2023
Elementary: Aras-asan Elementary school
Year Graduated: 2019
Curriculum Vitae
Name : Sheena Toffe G. Masong
Nickname : Ping/ Toffe
Address :Purok Cempron 2 tubo-tubo, Cagwait, Surigao del Sur

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[email protected]
Date of Birth :November 26, 2006

Place of Birth: Tubo-tubo, Cagwait, Surigao del Sur
Age :16
Nationality Filipino :
Civil Status :Single
Mother: Elsie G. Masong
Father :Florencio Y. Masong
Religion: Roman Catholic
Motto: What the caterpillar calls the end of the rest of the world calls a butterfly
Junior High School: Unidad National High school
Year Graduated: 2023
Elementary: Cempron Elementary school
Year Graduated:2019
Curriculum Vitae
Name :Shanley A. Ramos
Nickname :Eyang/Yang
Address :Purok Talisay A, Aras-asan, Cagwait, Surigao del Sur
Date of Birth : October 1, 2007

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[email protected]
Place of Birth: Adela Serra Ty memorial medical Hospital

Age : 15
Civil Status :Single
Mother: Leah A. Ramos
Father : Remelito A. Ramos
Religion: Seventh day Adventist
Motto: And if you never bleed, you're never gonna grow
Junior High School: Unidad National High School
Year Graduated:2023
Elementary: Aras-asan Elementary school
Year Graduated:2019
Curriculum Vitae
Name : Jasmine M. Requina
Nickname : Chang/ Mutay
Address : Purok Talisay A, Aras-asan, Cagwait, Surigao del Sur
Date of Birth :December 24, 2006
Place of Birth: Aras-asan Center
Age :16

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Civil Status : Single
Mother: Gina M. Requina
Father : Reynold C. Requina
Religion: Iglesia Ni Cristo
Motto: Embrace the Journey, Embody the Purpose
Junior High School: Unidad national High School
Year Graduated:2023
Elementary: Aras-asan elementary School
Year Graduated:2019

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Gathering of Materials
Sun Drying of the Banana leaf sheaths

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Making the Experiment
To: NOEMI AIREEN M.

ABRAHAM
Principal II
Unidad National High School
From: Grade 10-STE Researchcrs

214214-607-6 and 214-608
[email protected]
February 22, 2022
Dear Ma’am,
We are students of grade 10 STE at Unidad National High School, we are about to
start our research project entitled “Pseudostem of Lakatan ( Musa acuminata ) an
alternative source for bouquet Wrapper”.
We would like to ask your permission to allow us to conduct this research project.
Your approval will be greatly appreciated.
Thank you very much and God bless.
Very truly yours,
Shanley Ramos
Jasmine Requina
Noted: Approved by:
MARY GRACE M. CENA NOEMI AIREEN ABRAHAM

Research Adviser School Principal
To: Respondents
From: Grade 10-STE Researchcrs
February 22, 2022

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[email protected]
Dear Respondents,
Good day!
We the researchers from 10 STE, our study intitled “Pseudostem of Lakatan (Musa
acuminata) an alternative source for Bouquet wrapper” aims to determine if our
product has a significant difference from the ordinary bouquet wrapper in terms of
durability, flammability, and texture.
In connection to this, we are requesting for your cooperation to answer our

questionnaires that will provide validity to our data. Your response are a sure help for
us in achieving our goals and rest assured that this will be handled with high
confidentiality.
Thank you
Very truly yours,
Shanley Ramos
Jasmine Requina
Noted:
MARY GRACE M. CENA

Research Adviser
QUESTIONNAIRES
Research-Made questionnaires for Pseudostem of Lakatan (Musa acuminata) an
alternative source for Bouquet Wrapper

214214-607-6 and 214-608
[email protected]
DIRECTION: Please carefully read each statement and provide an honest response.
Using the following scales, mark your chosen response with a check mark (/).
Name: Age:
(optional)
A. Set-up A contains soda ash in the process (soda ash helps soften the psuedostem of
Lakatan)
Strongly Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly
agree disagree
Is there no difference in thickness
between the Pseudostem of Lakatan
(Musa acuminata) and commercial
bouquet wrapper?
Is the commercial bouquet wrapper

thicker than the Psoudostem of Lakatan
(musa acuminata)?
Is the texture between the Pseudostem
of Lakatan (Musa acuminata) an
alternative source for bouquet wrapper
and the commercial bouquet wrapper
has no difference?
Is there no difference in permeability
test between the commercial and the
Psuedostem of Lakatan as an alternative
source for bouquet wapper?
Is there no difference in flammability
(Musa acuminata) and the commercial
bouquet wrapper?
Is there no difference between the in

durability of the commercial bouquet
wrapper and the Pseudostem of Lakatan
(Musa acuminata)?
DIRECTION: Please carefully read each statement and provide an honest response.
Using the following scales, mark your chosen response with a check mark (/).

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Name: Age:
(optional)
B. Set-up B, this set-up does not contain soda ash in the process instead we dry the
lakatan under the sun for 3 days.
Strongly Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly
agree disagree
Is there no difference in thickness
(Musa acuminata) and commercial
bouquet wrapper?
Is the commercial bouquet wrapper

thicker than the Psoudostem of Lakatan
(musa acuminata)?
Is the texture between the Pseudostem
of Lakatan (Musa acuminata) an
alternative source for bouquet wrapper
and the commercial bouquet wrapper
has no difference?
Is there no difference in permeability
test between the commercial and the
Psuedostem of Lakatan as an alternative
source for bouquet wapper?
Is there no difference in flammability
(Musa acuminata) and the commercial
bouquet wrapper?
Is there no difference between the in

durability of the commercial bouquet
wrapper and the Pseudostem of Lakatan
(Musa acuminata)?
Is there any tips, ideas, recommendations or suggestions to enhance this study:

214214-607-6 and 214-608
[email protected]

214214-607-6 and 214-608
[email protected]

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Republic of the Philippines

Name of Project Proponent: Julianne S. Leopoldo, Sheena Toffe G. Masong, Shanley

A. Ramos, Jasmine C. Requina

Region: CARAGA Division: Surigao del Sur

School: Unidad National High School Grade Level: 10

Category: Physical science

Theme: Waste Conservation

Unidad, Cagwait, Surigao del Sur, 8304

Pseudostem (Banana Leaf

Unidad, Cagwait, Surigao del Sur, 8304

This study's goal is to use a low-cost alternative raw material to make

Unidad, Cagwait, Surigao del Sur, 8304

A.2 Significance of the Study ……………………………………………………………...7-8

A.3 Scientific Basis……………………………………………………………………….…8

A.4 Theoretical Framework…………………………………………………………….….9

A.5 Objective of this Study………………………………………………………………....9-10

A.6 Null Hypothesis………………………………………………………………………...10

A.7 Scope and Limitation…………………………………………………………………..10

B. Review Related Literature and Studies

B.1 Review of Related Literature

B.2 Related Studies

C.1 Research Design ……………………………………………………………………...18

C.2 Reseach Locale………………………………………………………………………..18

C.3 Research Framework (fig.1)……………………………………………………….…19

C.4 Data Gathering Procedure ……………………………………………………….….20

C.5 Statistical Method ……………………………………………………………….…...20

C.6 Conceptual Framework ………………………………………………………….…..21

D. Data and Result

D.1 Data …………………………………………………………………………………...22-23

D.2 Analysis ……………………………………………………………………………….24-26

F. Conclution and Recommendation………………………………………………………………..27

G. Work Plan and Target Deliverable ……………………………………………………………..28-29

Unidad, Cagwait, Surigao del Sur, 8304

flowers to convey potential symbols to express particular meanings, in addition to

and many more.

In addition, Banana Leaf sheaths ( musa Acuminata ) is really familiar to all

modularity- based model. A detailed examination of flower arrangements shed light

on the complexity, difficulties, and transformation of the flower industry’s supply to

Unidad, Cagwait, Surigao del Sur, 8304

GVA of paper and paper manufacturing Philippines 2020-2022.

According to Lakhan Singh, Dr. Tarun Kanti Bandyopadhyay, Department of

banana tree contains the highest concentration of cellulose.

In manufacturing of the tissue paper, lignin creates the problem because it

cannot be easily separated due to the intermolecular linkage of cellulose. Lignin is a

Unidad, Cagwait, Surigao del Sur, 8304

A.2 Significance of Study

materials when creating flower bouquet wrappers. Additionally, it encourages

students inventiveness while sourcing additional materials for bouquet wrapper.

to air pollution, waste issues, and other issues.

 Community-it reduces plastic waste, promotes sustainable practices, and

protects the environment in the community by introducing pseudostem-

derived bouquet wrappers as an eco-friendly alternative resource.

 Environment-it can contribute to environmental protection by offering a

sustainable alternative to non-degradable materials, reducing plastic waste,

and promoting the use of renewable resources in bouquet wrappers by using

the pseudostem from in Lakatan (Musa acuminata).

 School.-it can increase environmental awareness among students, promote

sustainable practices, and provide a practical example of using renewable

resources in the form of wrapping bouquets derived from pseudostem, thereby