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Microcontrollers Topics

Microcontrollers are programmable integrated circuits that can be used to create smart circuits with sensors to automate homes, offices, or factories. The document outlines various sensors and components that can be used with microcontrollers, including LEDs, LCD displays, buttons, tilt switches, Bluetooth modules, relays, DC motors, analog sensors for temperature, light, sound, and more. It also presents three example projects for controlling room lights and fans with Bluetooth, automating porch lights with a day/night switch, and using a motion sensor to control bathroom or kitchen lights.

Uploaded by

Mozan Khan
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
23 views

Microcontrollers Topics

Microcontrollers are programmable integrated circuits that can be used to create smart circuits with sensors to automate homes, offices, or factories. The document outlines various sensors and components that can be used with microcontrollers, including LEDs, LCD displays, buttons, tilt switches, Bluetooth modules, relays, DC motors, analog sensors for temperature, light, sound, and more. It also presents three example projects for controlling room lights and fans with Bluetooth, automating porch lights with a day/night switch, and using a motion sensor to control bathroom or kitchen lights.

Uploaded by

Mozan Khan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Microcontrollers Course

Microcontrollers are programmable ICs which are


used to create smart circuits with sensors. These circuits
can automate you home, office or factory.
Contents
1 - LEDs (Turning pins ON/OFF)
2 - LCDs
3 - Seven Segments
4 - Input Buttons
5 - Tilt Switch (Inclinometer)
6 - Keypads
7 - Bluetooth Circuits with Mobile App
8 - Relays and Transistors
9 - PWM (Analog Outputs)
10 - EEPROM
11 - Servo Motor
12 - L293 Motor Driver
13 - Analog Inputs
14 - Temperature Sensor
15 - Light Sensor
16 - Sound Sensor
17 - Flex Sensor
18 - Force Sensor
19 - Gas Sensor
20 - Soil Moisture Sensor
21 - Motion Sensor
22 - IR Sensor

Project 1 - Control room lights/fans using


bluetooth and mobile app.

Project 2 - Automate porch lights with


day/night Switch.

Project 3 - Automate bathroom or kitchen lights


with motion sensor.
1 - LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes)
LEDs are small lights which can be used to
check if the pins are on or off and if you can turn
on/off pins, you can turn on/off AC, fan, bulbs or
machine etc with microcontroller.
2 - LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)
LCDs are used to display different parameters
of the circuit.
3 - Seven Segments Displays
Sometimes seven segments are better
choice for display than LCDs.
4 - Input Buttons
Input buttons are used to control different
functions of a circuit. For example volume but-
tons in a portable speaker, buttons to set date/-
time in a digital clock, there are many other uses
too.
5 - Tilt Switch (Inclinometer)
Tilt switches are used to sense the angle of
something, for example it can be used to turn on
the light of a chest freezer when door is opened
and turn off the light when it is closed.
6 - Keypads
Keypads are specially useful in the situation
when you want to use more buttons with less
arduino pins.
7 - Bluetooth Circuits
In this section you will learn how to create
bluetooth circuits using HC-05 module and
operate them with an App.

HC 05 Bluetooth Module
8 - Relay and Transistor
Microcontroller pins have 5v only which
cannot be used to turn on/off AC, fan or a ma-
chine, thats why we use relays which can be
operated by microcontroller and then relay can
turn on/off different appliances.
9 - PWM (Pulse Width Modulation)
Microcontrollers are digital that means we
can take only 0 or 5V at the output pin but if
we use PWM, we can generate any voltage at
the output between 0 and 5V.
10 - Servo Motor
Servo motors are used in situations where
controlled motion is needed for example CCTV
Cameras or to turn left right a toy car.
11 - L293 Motor Driver
In this section you will learn how to increase
decrease dc motor speed and reverse its direc-
tion
12 - Analog Inputs
This sections is very important, you will learn
how analog sensors are used with microcontrol-
lers, for example, temperature sensor, light
sensor, sound sensor, gas sensor etc.

Gas Sensor Sound Sensor Flame Sensor

Light
Moisture Sensor Temperature
Sensor
Sensor
13 - Temperature Sensor
This sensor is used to maintain temperature.
If temperature increases/decreases a fan,AC or a
heater gets turned on automatically and when
required temperature is achieved it is off auto-
matically.
14 - Light Sensor
This sensor is used to make a night switch
which can automate porch, lawn or street lights.
In the evening lights will be on and in the morn-
ing lights will be off automatically.

15 - Sound Sensor
This sensor will detect sound and take actions.
You clap, lights will be on, clap again, lights will
be off.
16 - Flex or Bend Sensor
This sensor is used to sense the amount of
bend in something, normally used in biotech
wearables like artificial limbs etc.

17 - Force Sensor
This sensor is normally used in digital bal-
ances or in robotics to detect that robot has
grabbed something. There are many other uses
too.
18 - Gas Sensor
This sensor is used to detect the gas leakage.
It can also measure the amount of concentra-
tion of the gas.
19 - Soil Moisture Sensor
This sensor detects the moisture level in soil
and can automatically water the plants when
moisture level is low.
20 - Motion Sensor
This sensor detect motion, can be used in se-
curity systems or for automatic lights. Until
someone is present in the room or office, lights
will be on, when no one is present lights are off
automatically.
21 - IR Sensor
Infra Red sensors can be used in burglar
alarms or in counters to count products, persons
or vehicles.

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