Preface

Dear Student

If ‘Quantitative Aptitude’ does give you jitters, then, first things first, get over this fear, before starting the
journey. If ‘quantitative aptitude’ is what you enjoy the most, then get going. Here is a section where you
can maximize your scores.

The quantitative aptitude section of BBA will test your understanding of basic fundamentals of mathematics.
Like all other sections this one is also designed to see how fast you can work in a given time. So this is
more of a game of speed and accuracy than one of difficulty. Performance in QA section is vital too; about
one-fourth of the number of questions across various tests is from QA.

But remember speed can never become the first step.You can run faster only if you know how to run. So
when it is important to increase your speed in calculations, the initial focus should be on mastering the
fundamentals.

SAMPLE
So work towards laying a sound foundation first. Take a look at your approach. See if it can be bettered.
Look beyond the numbers and formulae. Visualize every problem, try to get the logic behind every formula.
Come up with your own list of formulae. Then move on to increase your speed.

The focus of this booklet is to help you master arithmetic. This booklet will take you through fundamentals,
solved examples and practice exercises of various topics.

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To get maximum output from this book, you are advised to concentrate first on the fundamentals and
solved examples before moving to unsolved exercises.

For more doubts, please send your queries at [email protected].

Happy reading!

All The best

Team CL
 Contents

1. Chapter 1 : Number System ...................................................................................................... 01

2. Chapter 2 : Percentage ............................................................................................................. 11

3. Chapter 3 : Simple Interest & Compound Interest .................................................................19

4. Chapter 4 : Profit, Loss & Discount .......................................................................................... 27

5. Chapter 5 : Ratio & Proportion, Mixture Alligation, ...............................................................35

Partnership & Average

6. Chapter 6 : Time, Speed, Distance and Time & Work ...........................................................46

7.

SAMPLE
Answers and Explanations ....................................................................................................... 59

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1 Number System

Real Numbers Whole Numbers

The numbers 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, ..., n are called whole
The set of real numbers consists of all rational and numbers. The smallest whole number is 0. Fractions
irrational numbers i.e. all those numbers which can be and negative numbers are not whole numbers.
represented on a number line are called Real Numbers.
e.g: –1.3, +8.7, – 56.69, 2, 3 , etc. Natural Numbers

Number Line The numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, ..., n are called natural numbers.

0 is not a natural number. The smallest natural number
It is a line on which all the positive and negative numbers is 1. Fractions and negative numbers are not natural
can be marked in a sequence. numbers.

SAMPLE
– +
–3 –2 –1 0 +1 +2 +3 Even Numbers
The numbers which are divisible by 2 are called even
Rational Numbers numbers. e.g.: 2, 4, 6, 8, ... .
x
Numbers which can be expressed in the form , where Odd Numbers
y
The numbers which are not divisible by 2 are called odd
x and y are integers and y ≠ 0, are known as rational

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numbers. e.g. 1, 3, 5, 7, ... .
numbers. These have a terminating or recurring decimal
representation. Terminating decimal numbers can be
Prime Numbers
converted into rational numbers by putting as many zeros
after 1 in the denominator as the number of digits after If a number is divisible by 1 and itself only, then it is
decimal. called a prime number. e.g: 2, 3, 5, 7, ... .
1 3 4
e.g: , , − , 1, 0, etc. Note:
2 7 5
1 is neither a prime number nor composite.

Irrational Numbers
Composite Numbers
x The numbers except 1, which are not prime, are called
Numbers which cannot be expressed in the form ,
y composite numbers. e.g: 4, 6, 8, 9, ... .
where x and y are integers and y ≠ 0, are known as
irrational numbers. e.g: π, 2 are irrational Fractions
p
Integers All rational numbers which are of form, where
q
The rational numbers which do not have fraction or p, q are integers and p is not a multiple of q.
decimal part are called integers. p is called numerator whereas q is known as denominator.
e.g: –n,..., –3, –2, –1, 0, 1, 2, 3, …, * Fractions are of the following types:
2 3
• Proper: p<q e.g., , etc.
7 8
Fundamentals of Page : 1
Quantitative Aptitude – I
 6 5 Facts about numbers
• Improper: p ≥ q e.g.,, etc.
5 2
Odd + Odd = Even Odd + Even = Odd
• Mixed: It is an integer plus a fraction
Even + Even = Even Odd × Odd = Odd
e.g., 3 1 , 7 1 , etc. Odd × Even = Even Even × Even = Even
5 3
Then, 9 is the divisor, 57 is the dividend, 6 is the quotient,
The family of Numbers can easily be learned by learning and 3 is the remainder.
the following Number tree
Dividend = (Divisor × Quotient) + Remainder
R eal N u m b ers
Divisibility Tests
1. A number is divisible by 2 if its units digit is even
or 0.
R ation al Irra tio nal 2. A number is divisible by 3 if the sum of its digits
2 3 2
is divisible by 3.
E .g . 1, 2, , ,… , e tc. E .g .,
3 4 3 3. A number is divisible by 4 if the number
,… , e tc. formed by the last two digits is divisible by
2, 7
4 or the last two digits are 0.
4. A number is divisible by 5 if its units digit is 5 or 0.
Inte gers Fra ction s 5. A number is divisible by 6 if it is divisible by 2
and 3 both.

SAMPLE
Z = {– ∞, ..., – 3, – 2, –1, 2, 4, 5,
E .g . etc. 6. A number is divisible by 8 if the number formed
0, 1, 2 , 3, ..., + ∞} 3 3 11
by the last three digits is divisible by 8, or when
the last three digits are 0.
W h ole num bers
7. A number is divisible by 9 if the sum of its digits
W = {0, 1, 2 , 3,...} is divisible by 9.
8. A number is divisible by 10 if its units digit is 0.
N atural num bers 9. A number is divisible by 11 if the difference

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between the sum of the digits at the odd and the
N = {1, 2, 3, ...} even places is 0 or a multiple of 11.
10 A number is divisible by 12 if it is divisible by 3
and 4 both.
E ven Odd P rim e C om posite
num bers num bers num bers num bers Conversion of a non terminating recurring decimal
E .g . E .g . E .g . E .g . p
{2, 4, 6, 8, ...} {1, 3, 5, 7, ...} {2, 3, 5, 7, ...} {4, 6, 8, 9, ...} into form:
q

Complex Number As seen from classification of numbers, non-terminating

but recurring decimal numbers are rational numbers, they
A number of the form a + ib, where i = −1, is called a p
can be expressed in the form of .
complex number and such number can’t be represented q
on a number line.
We will restrict ourselves only to Real Numbers. Method 1:
? Example
BODMAS
p
Convert 0.4444 into the form of
Order of simplification of expression of numbers q
B: Bracket O: Of/Order
D: Division M: Multiplication ü Solution
A: Addition S: Subtraction Let x = 0.4444 … (i)
In a given expression of numbers, the above order of multiply 10 on both sides.
operations has to be strictly followed. 10x = 4.444 … (ii)

Page : 2 Fundamentals of
Quantitative Aptitude – I
 Subtract (i) from (ii) Highest common factor (HCF)
4
9x = 4 ⇒ x = . HCF of two or more numbers is the greatest number that
9 perfectly divides each of them.
e.g: 5 is the HCF of 15 and 20.
? Example
Note:
p HCF is also known as GCD (Greatest
Convert 0.434343 into the form of .
q Common Divisor)

ü Solution ? Example
Let x = 0.434343 … (i) Find the HCF of 24 and 72.
Multiply both sides by 100
100x = 43.4343 … (ii)
Subtract (i) from (ii)
ü Solution
24 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3
43
99x = 43 ⇒ x = 72 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3
99 HCF = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 = 24.
Similarly, we can find the HCF of sets containing
Method 2: more than two numbers.

SAMPLE
p Common Multiple:
The form of any recurring number
q
A common multiple of two or more numbers is a number
(The non-recurring and recurring part which is perfectly divisible by each of the numbers.
written once) − (The non-recurring part) e.g: 45 is a common multiple of 3, 5 and 15.
=
As many 9's as the number of digits in the

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recurring part followed by as many 0's as Lowest common multiple (LCM)
digits in the non-recurring part. The LCM of two or more numbers is the least number
which is perfectly divisible by each of the numbers.
Factorial of a number: e.g: 57 is a least common multiple of 3 and 19.
Let’s consider the LCM of 18, 27 and 30.
The continued product of first ‘n’ natural numbers is called
2 18, 27, 30
‘n factorial’ of the number ‘n’ and is denoted by n! or n
n! = 1 × 2 × 3 × ... × (n – 1) × n 3 9, 27, 15
e.g: 6! = 1 × 2 × 3 × 4 × 5 × 6 = 720 3 3, 9, 5
By definition 0! = 1. 1, 3, 5
LCM = 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 5 = 270.
LCM and HCF
Note:
Factor
LCM of two numbers × HCF of two numbers
A number is said to be the factor of another, = Product of the two numbers
if it divides the other number perfectly.
e.g: 7 and 9 are factors of 63.
LCM & HFC of Fractions
Common factor
 a c e  HCF(a, c, e)
If one number perfectly divides two or more numbers, HFC  , ,  =
 b d f  LCM(b, d, f)
then it is called a common factor of the numbers.
e.g: 5 is a common factor of 10, 15, 20 and 25.  a c e  LCM(a, c, e)
LCM  , ,  =
b d f  HCF(b, d, f)

Fundamentals of Page : 3
Quantitative Aptitude – I
 Cyclicity: Formulae
Take any two numbers – 46 and 57. If they are multiplied I. (a + b)2 = a2 + b2 + 2ab
then the digit obtained at units place of the product will II. (a – b)2 = a2 + b2 – 2ab
be the same as the units place digit of the product of III. (a + b)2 = (a – b)2 + 4ab
6 & 7. IV. (a – b)2 = (a + b)2 – 4ab
6 × 7 = 4 2 & 4 6 × 57 = 262 2 V. a2 – b2 = (a – b)(a + b)
1
VI. a2 + b2 =(a + b)2 + (a − b)2 
If this concept is applied to exponent of numbers, an 2 
3 3 2
VII. a + b = (a + b)(a – ab + b ) 2
interesting pattern emerges when we look at them.
The last digits of the exponents of all the numbers have a VIIII. a3 – b3 = (a – b)(a2 + ab + b2)
cyclicity. If after every Nth power of the base have the
same digit at units place as the first power of the base, Rules on counting numbers
then N is the cyclicity of that number.
For instance, n (n + 1)
1. Sum of first n natural numbers = .
21 = 2 2
22 = 4 2. Sum of first n odd numbers = n2.
23 = 8 3. Sum of first n even numbers = n(n + 1).
24 = 16 4. Sum of the squares of first n natural numbers
25 = 3 2
n (n + 1)(2n + 1)

SAMPLE
Since has units place digit to be the same as 21 then
25 = .
6
it is said to have a cyclicity of 4. i.e 21 + 4 = 32
5. Sum of the cubes of first n natural numbers
Similarly, we can find out cyclicity of other digits also. 2
You can check for yourself the cyclicity of all the  n (n + 1) 
=   .
digits.  2 
Digit Cyclicity
0, 1, 5 and 6 1 Solved Examples

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2, 3, 7 and 8 4
4 and 9 2
Some important facts about squares ? Example 1
527 × 527 × 527 + 183 × 183 × 183
I. The square of an even number is always even. Simplify:
527 × 527 − 527 × 183 + 183 × 183
II. The square of an odd number is always odd.
III. Square of an integer cannot end in 2, 3, 7,
ü Solution
or 8.
IV. The square of an integer (negative or positive) is Expression
always positive. (527)3 + (183)3 a3 + b3
V. The square of an integer is either a multiple of 3 =
(527)2 – 527 × 183 + (183)2 a2 – ab + b2
or 4 or else exceeds a multiple of 3 or
4 by 1. It is of the form 3k ± 1 or 4k ± 1. (a + b) (a2 − ab + b2 )
VI. If a square ends in 9, the preceding digit = a+b
a2 − ab + b2
is even. (since, a = 527 and b = 183)
VII. The fifth power of any number has the same unit = 527 + 183 = 710
digit as the number itself.

Some important results ? Example 2

I. (xn + yn) is divisible by (x + y) when n is odd. Simplify:

II. (xn – yn) is divisible by (x + y) when n is even  (614 + 168)2 – (614 – 168)2 
and by (x – y) always.  
III. (xn – x) is divisible by n (if n is prime).  614 × 168 
IV. (p – 1)! + 1 is divisible by p when p is prime.

Page : 4 Fundamentals of
Quantitative Aptitude – I
ü Solution =
1
(313 + 287)2 + (313 − 287)2 
Expression 2

(a + b)2 – (a – b)2 4ab

= =4
1
2
(  )
=  6002 + 262  = 180338
ab ab
? Example 8
? Example 3
What is the divisor if dividend is 15968, quotient is
Find the square of 1605.
89, and remainder is 37?

ü Solution
ü Solution
(1605)2 = (1600 + 5)2
 Dividend − Remainder 
= (1600)2 + 2 × 1600 × 5 + (5)2 Divisor =  
 Quotient
= 2560000 + 16000 + 25 = 2576025
 15968 – 37 
=  = 179
? Example 4  89

Find the value of 896 × 896 – 204 × 204

? Example 9

ü Solution Which least number must be subtracted from 2000

to get a number exactly divisible by 17?
a2 – b2 = (a + b)(a – b),

SAMPLE
where a = 896 and b = 204 ü Solution
= (896 + 204)(896 – 204)
= 1100 × 692 = 761200 On dividing 2000 by 17, we get 11 as remainder.
∴ Required number to be subtracted = 11.
? Example 5
? Example 10
Evaluate: (57)2 + (43)2 + 2 × 57 × 43
Which least number must be added to 3000 to

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ü Solution obtain a number exactly divisible by 19?

(a2 + b2 + 2ab) = (a + b)2

ü Solution
= (57 + 43)2 = 1002 = 10000
On dividing 3000 by 19, we get 17 as remainder.
? Example 6 ∴ Number to be added = (19 – 17) = 2.

Simplify: (81)2 + (68)2 – 2 × 81 × 68

? Example 11

ü Solution Find the number which is nearest to 3105 and

exactly divisible by 21.
a2 + b2 – 2ab = (a – b)2
= (81 – 68)2 = 132 = 169 ü Solution
? Example 7 On dividing 3105 by 21, we get 18 as remainder.
∴ Number to be added to 3105 is (21 – 18)
Evaluate: (313 × 313 + 287 × 287) = 3.
∴ 3108 is the required number.
ü Solution
1 ? Example 12
a2 + b2 = [(a + b)2 + (a – b)2 ] ,
2 A number when divided by 342 gives a remainder
where a = 313 and b = 287 47. When the same number is divided by 19, what
would be the remainder?

Fundamentals of Page : 5
Quantitative Aptitude – I
ü Solution ü Solution
On dividing the given number by 342, let k be the Required number = (LCM of 6, 7, 8, 9, 12) + 1
quotient and 47 as remainder. ∴ LCM = 3 × 2 × 2 × 7 × 2 × 3 = 504.
Then number = 342k + 47 = [(19 × 18k) + (19 × 2 Hence, required number = (504 + 1) = 505.
+ 9)] = [19(18k + 2) + 9]
∴ The given number when divided by 19, gives ? Example 17
(18k + 2) as quotient and 9 as remainder.
Arrange the following rational numbers in
Alternative method: ascending order.
342 is a multiple of 19. Divide the remainder by –7 5 2
, ,
the second dividend to get the remainder. 47, when 10 –8 –3
divided by 19, gives 9 as remainder.
ü Solution
? Example 13 LCM of (10, 8, 3) = 120
The HCF of two numbers is 11 and their LCM is −7 −84
∴ =
693. If one number is 77, find the other. 10 120
5 −75
ü Solution =
−8 120
11 × 693

SAMPLE
The other number = = 99 . 2 −80
77 =
−3 120
as –84 < –80 < – 75
? Example 14
–7 2 5
∴ < <
Find the largest number that can exactly divide 10 –3 –8
513, 783 and 1107.
Alternate Method:

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ü Solution –7 5 2
= –0.7, = –0.625 and = –0.666
10 –8 –3
Required number = HCF of 513, 783 and 1107.
Clearly, –0.7 < –0.666 < –0.625.
Now 513 = 33 × 19, 783 = 33 × 29,
1107 = 33 × 41 –7 2 5
So < < .
∴ HCF = 33 = 27. 10 –3 –8
Hence, the required number is 27.
? Example 18
? Example 15 If square root of 15 = 3.88, find the value of square
Find the least number exactly divisible by 12, 15, 5
root of .
20 and 27. 3

ü Solution
ü Solution
Required number = LCM of 12, 15, 20, 27. 5 5×3 15 3.88
= = = ≈ 1.29
∴ LCM = 3 × 4 × 5 × 9 = 540. 3 3×3 3 3
∴ Required number = 540.
? Example 19
? Example 16
A four-digit number that is divisible by 7 becomes
Find the least number, when divided by 6, 7, 8, 9 divisible by 3 when 10 is added to it. Find the
and 12, leaves remainder 1 in each case. largest such number.

Page : 6 Fundamentals of
Quantitative Aptitude – I
ü Solution ? Example 23
The largest four-digit number is 9999. The traffic lights at three different road-crossings
On dividing 9999 by 7, we get 3 as remainder. change after every 24 sec, 72 sec and 120 sec
The largest four-digit number divisible by 7 is 9996. respectively. If they all change simultaneously at
Let 9996 – x + 10 be divisible by 3. 10.54.00 hr, then at what time will they change
By trial and error, we find that x = 7. Hence, the simultaneously for the second time?
required number = (9996 – 7) = 9989.
ü Solution
? Example 20
Interval of change = LCM of (24, 72, 120) sec
A three-digit number 4a3 is added to another three- = 360 sec.
digit number 984 to give the four-digit number 13b7 The lights will change simultaneously after every
which is divisible by 11. Find the value of (a + b). 360 sec, i.e. 6 min.
4a3 Next simultaneous change will take place at
984 11.00.00 hr.
13b7
? Example 24
ü Solution The difference between a two-digit number and the
a+8 =b⇒b−a = 8 number obtained by interchanging the digits is 72.
What is the difference between the digits of the

SAMPLE
Also, 13b7 is divisible by 11.
So ( 7 + 3) – ( b + 1) = 0 and b = 9. number?
Now, b – a = 8 and b = 9.
So, a = 1, and a + b = ( 1 + 9 ) = 10. ü Solution
Let tens digit be x and units digit be y.
? Example 21 Then (10x + y) – (10y + x) = 72

Express 0.643 into a fraction. ⇒ 9(x − y) = 72 ⇒ x − y = 8.

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ü Solution ? Example 25

Let x = 0.643 . Thus, 1000x = 643.643 How many three-digit numbers are divisible by
6 in all?
643
999x = 643 or x =
999
ü Solution
? Example 22 There are 16 numbers before 100, which are
divisible by 6.
Of the three numbers, the sum of the first two is There are 166 numbers before 999, which are
45; the sum of the second and the third is 55; and divisible by 6.
the sum of the third and thrice the first is 90. Find Total three-digit numbers divisible by 6
the third number. = (166 – 16) = 150

ü Solution ? Example 26
Let the numbers be x, y and z.
If (52n + 1)2 × 56 = 1, then what is the value of n?
Then x + y = 45, y + z = 55 and 3x + z = 90.
y = 45 – x, and z = 55 – y = 55 – (45 – x)
= 10 + x
ü Solution
∴ 3x + 10 + x = 90 or x = 20 (52n + 1)2 × 56 = 1
y = (45 – 20) = 25, and z = (10 + 20) = 30.
∴ The third number = 30. ⇒ 5 4n + 2 × 56 = 50 ⇒ 5 4n + 8 = 50
⇒ 4n + 8 = 0 ⇒ n = −2.

Fundamentals of Page : 7
Quantitative Aptitude – I
 Practice Exercise
1. The LCM of two numbers is 4200 and their GCD 9. The least number when divided by 35 leaves a
is 20. If one number is 100, the other number is remainder 25; when divided by 45 leaves a
(a) 840 (b) 420 remainder 35; and when divided by 55 leaves the
(c) 210 (d) None of these remainder 45. The number is
(a) 2515 (b) 3455
1 (c) 2875 (d) None of these
2. If y = 2 + 1, then the value of y + is
y
10. The sum of two positive numbers is twice their
3 3 difference. If their product is 48, the numbers will
(a) (b)
2 2 be
3 (a) 3 and 16 (b) 6 and 8
(c) 2 2 (d)
2 (c) 4 and 12 (d) None of these

3. The largest fraction among 3

11. Solve: 3 +
2 3 1 7 4 1
, , , and is 3+
5 5 5 15 5 1
3+
2 3 3

SAMPLE
(a) (b) (a) 1 (b) 3
5 5
43 63
4 7 (c) (d)
(c) (d) 11 19
5 15
12. Find the units digit in the product
4. The sum of the squares of first ten natural numbers
254 × 361 × 159 × 18.
is
(a) 1 (b) 4
(a) 281 (b) 402
(c) 6 (d) 8

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(c) 385 (d) 502
13. A heap of coconuts is divided into groups of 2, 3
5. The value of factorial zero (i.e. 0!) is and 5, and each time one coconut is left out. The
(a) 0 (b) 1 least number of coconuts in the heap is
1 (a) 31 (b) 41
(c) 8 (d) (c) 51 (d) 61
2
14. The ratio between a two-digit number and the sum
6. Zero is counted as of the digits of that number is 4 : 1. If the digit in
(a) whole number (b) prime number the units place is 3 more than the digit in the tens
(c) natural number (d) All of these place, what is that number?
(a) 69 (b) 25
4 6 (c) 36 (d) None of these
7. Two rational numbers lying between and are
5 7
71 5 29 5 15. The smallest number among the following is
(a) , (b) ,
84 6 35 6 (a) (7)3 (b) (8.5)3
29 57 3
(c) , (d) All of these (c) (4)4 (d) (6 5 ) 5
35 70

8. The lowest four-digit number which is exactly 16. The largest fraction among the following is
divisible by 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 is 17 11
(a) (b)
(a) 1400 (b) 1300 21 14
(c) 1250 (d) 1260 12 5
(c) (d)
15 6

Page : 8 Fundamentals of
Quantitative Aptitude – I
 27. How many numbers between 200 and 600 are
17. If x = (6 − 35) , then the reciprocal of x is
divisible by 4, 5 and 6?
1 (a) 5 (b) 6
(a) (b) 6 + 35 (c) 7 (d) 8
6 + 35
(c) 1 (d) 12
28. The units digit of the product
(247 × 318 × 577 × 313) is
18. The sum of the first 50 even numbers is
(a) 2 (b) 3
(a) 1275 (b) 2550
(c) 4 (d) 6
(c) 5100 (d) 10100
29. The sum of first 45 natural numbers is
x (a) 2070 (b) 1035
19. If x + 2y = 4 and   = 2, then y = ?
y (c) 1280 (d) 2140
(a) 1 (b) 0.5
30. Find the value of ‘a’ if the number ‘451a603’ is
(c) 2 (d) 8
exactly divisible by 9, such that ‘a’ is a single
digit number.
20. If the product of three consecutive integers is 720,
(a) 2 (b) 5
then their sum is
(c) 8 (d) 7
(a) 27 (b) 45
(c) 18 (d) 54 31. Which least value must be assigned to ‘a’ so that
the number 63576a2 is divisible by 8?

SAMPLE
21. Solve: 18.18 ÷ 9 + 2.7 of 3 (a) 1 (b) 2
(a) 101.2 (b) 27.32 (c) 3 (d) 4
(c) 10.12 (d) None of these
32. Which of the following is exactly divisible by 99?
22. Solve: 8127 – 5422 + 1614 – 808 (a) 114345 (b) 135792
(a) 3580 (b) 3058 (c) 3572404 (d) 913464
(c) 3511 (d) 3088

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33. The number which is formed by writing any digit
23. Evaluate: 112 + 114 ÷ 113 – 11 + (0.5)112 six times (e.g. 111111, 444444, etc.) is always
(a) 302.5 (b) 181.5 divisible by
(c) 484.0 (d) 121 (a) 7 (b) 11
(c) 13 (d) All of these
24. Which one of the following is incorrect?
(a) Square root of 5184 is 72 34. The number nearest to 99547, which is exactly
(b) Square root of 15625 is 125 divisible by 687 is
(c) Square root of 1444 is 38 (a) 100166 (b) 98928
(d) Square root of 1296 is 34 (c) 99579 (d) 99615

25. The difference between two numbers is 1365. 35. Which largest number of five digits is divisible by
When the larger number is divided by the smaller 99?
one, the quotient is 6 and the remainder is 15. (a) 99999 (b) 99981
The smaller number is (c) 99909 (d) 99990
(a) 240 (b) 360
36. Which smallest number of six digits is divisible
(c) 270 (d) 295
by 111?
(a) 111111 (b) 110011
26. 243 has been divided into three parts such that
(c) 100011 (d) 111011
half of the first part, one-third of the second part
and one-fourth of the third part are equal. The
37. If n is any positive integer, then (34n – 43n) is
largest part is
always divisible by
(a) 72 (b) 84
(a) 7 (b) 17
(c) 92 (d) 108
(c) 112 (d) 145

Fundamentals of Page : 9
Quantitative Aptitude – I
38. Solve: 8756 × 99999 42. When ‘n’ is divided by 4, the remainder is 3. What
(a) 815491244 (b) 796491244 is the remainder when ‘2n’ is divided
(c) 875591244 (d) None of these by 4?
(a) 1 (b) 2
39. Evaluate: 1399 × 1399 (c) 3 (d) 6
(a) 1687401 (b) 1901541
(c) 1943211 (d) 1957201 43. Six bells commence tolling together and toll at
intervals of 3 sec, 6 sec, 9 sec, 12 sec,
40. Find the value of 397 × 397 + 104 × 104 + 2 × 397 15 sec and 18 sec respectively. If all bells rang
× 104. together at 9 o’clock, for how many more times
(a) 250001 (b) 251001 will they ring together till 9:32?
(c) 260101 (d) 261001 (a) 4 (b) 10
(c) 11 (d) 15
41. The expression
44. The units digit of 333 is
1 1 1 1 (a) 2 (b) 3
+ + + ..... +
1 .2 2 .3 3 .4 n (n + 1) (c) 4 (d) 5
for any natural number n, is
(a) always greater than 1 45. The units digit of 2437 × 3724 is
(b) always less than 1 (a) 4 (b) 3
(c) always equal to 1 (c) 2 (d) 6

SAMPLE
(d) not definite

?
My Doubts

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Page : 10 Fundamentals of
Quantitative Aptitude – I
2 Percentage

Per cent means per 100, where ‘cent’ stands for 100. 20
By a certain percent, we mean that many hundredth, Similarly, 25% of 20% is 25% × = 5%,
100
thus x% means x divided by hundred.
25
x or × 20% = 5%.
i.e. x% = . 100
100

Percentage of a number Successive percentage changes

To find the percentage of a number, convert the If a number is changed (increased/decreased) by a% and
percentage into fraction (by dividing by 100) and multiply in the second step, this changed number is again
the resulting fraction with the number. changed (increased/decreased) by b%, then
60  a×b
× 500 = 300 . net percentage change =  a + b +

SAMPLE
%.
100 
e.g: 60% of 500 =
100 
Conversion of a fraction or a decimal into If ‘a’ and ‘b’ show decrease, then put a –ve sign before ‘a’
percentage and ‘b’, otherwise put +ve sign.

A fraction or a decimal can be converted into a percentage

by simply multiplying it by 100. ? Example
1 If the price of an item is increased by 20% and

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So, the fraction expressed as a percentage is then a discount of 10% is given on the increased
5
price, what will be the effective percentage change
1
× 100 = 20% . in the price of the item?
5
And the decimal 0.05 expressed as a percentage is 0.05
ü Solution
× 100 = 5%.
Using percentage change
Converting a percentage into a fraction a×b
=a+b+ %
A percentage when divided by 100 is converted into a 100

20 1 20 × 10
fraction. So, 20% as a fraction is = . = 20 – 10 – = 8% (increase)
100 5 100
The ‘%’ sign is dropped when we divide the percentage
by 100. Notes:
The rule cannot be generalized. This can only
Fraction of a fraction and Relative Percentage be used for 2 values at a time.

To find the fraction of a fraction we multiply both the

fractions. Solved Examples
1 1 1 1 1
e.g. of is nothing but × = , and
4 5 4 5 20 ? Example 1

1 3 1 Express 40% in decimal terms.

of is , etc .
3 5 5

Fundamentals of Page : 11
Quantitative Aptitude – I
 You may encounter these types of questions in the examination
Solved Examples
Types of questions Examples Approach to the question
1. Convert percentage into Express 12% in a fraction.
x 12 3
fraction. x% = = =
100 100 25

5
2. Convert fraction (or decimal) Express as percentage. Multiply the fraction by 100.
into percentage. 11
5
= × 100 = 45.45%
11

3. If A is x% of B and B = P, A’s income is 40% of B’s. If B’s income is x

A= ×P
then find A in term of P. <10, 000, what is A’s income? 100
40
= × 10,000 = <4,000
100

4. If A is r% more than B, by X’s income is 25% more than Y’s. By how r

Difference = × 100
how much percent is B less much percent is Y’s income less than X’s? 100 + r
than A?

SAMPLE
25
= × 100 = 20%
125
5. If A is r% less than B, by X’s income is 40% less than Y’s. By how r
Difference = × 100
how much percent is B more much per cent is Y’s income more than 100 – r
than A? X’s? 40
= × 100 = 66.67%
60

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6. If the price of a commodity (a) If the price of potatoes is increased by Expenditure =
increases by r%, find the 20%, by how much percent should the Price × Consumption
decrease in the consumption consumption be decreased so as to r
so as not to increase the have no change in the expenditure? (a) Decrease = × 100
100 + r
expenditure. (b) If the price of potatoes is increased by 20 50
General Forumula: 20% and the consumption is decreased = × 100 = = 16.67%
120 3
% decrease/increase in con- by 10%, what will be the change in
ab
expenditure? (b) Net change = a + b +
r 100
sumption = × 100 where
100 ± r 20 × 10
= 20 – 10 – = 8%
r is % increase/decrease in 100
the price of the commodity.

7. The population of a town is The population of a town is 18000. 100 + x 100 + y

NF = N × ×
N. It increases by x% during It increases by 10% during first 100 100
the first year and y% during year and by 20% during the
110 120
the second year. Find the second year. What will be the = 18000 × × = 23760
population after 2 years? 100 100
Alternative method
Successive increments of 10%
and 20% = 32%.
Then, population will increase
by 32% of 18000 = 5760.
Population after 2 years will
be 18000 + 5760 = 23760.

Page : 12 Fundamentals of
Quantitative Aptitude – I
ü Solution ? Example 6
40 X’s income is 50% more than Y’s. By how much
40% = = 0.4
100 percentage is Y’s income less than X’s?

? Example 2 ü Solution
Express 30 as a percentage of 45. Using formula, r = 50
 50 
⇒  × 100 = 33.33%
ü Solution  (100 + 50) 

 30 
  × 100 = 66.67% ? Example 7
45
In a market survey, 20% individuals opted for
product B. The remaining individuals were
? Example 3
uncertain. If the difference between those who
Find 40% of 3340. opted for product B and those who were uncertain
was 720. How many individuals were covered in
ü Solution the survey?
 40 
  × 3340 = 1336 ü Solution

SAMPLE
100 
Clearly, 80% were uncertain. Let assume ‘x’
? Example 4 individuals were surveyed.
Express 50 g as a percentage of 4 kg. 80% of x – 20% of x = 720
60
⇒ 60% of x = 720 ⇒ x = 720
ü Solution 100
 50 g  720 × 100

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50 g
× 100 =  × 100 = 1.25% ⇒x= = 1200
4 kg  4000 g  60

? Example 8
? Example 5
Of the total amount received by Kiran, 20% was
A’s income is 70% of B’s. B’s income is 50% of
spent on purchases and 5% of the remaining on
C’s. If C’s income is <1,00,000 then A’s income is
transportation. If he was left with <1,520, what was
the initial amount?
ü Solution
 50  ü Solution
B’s income =  × <1,00,000 = <50,000
 100 
Let 100 be the sum, 20% is spent on purchases.
 70  Hence, we are left with 80; 5% of 80 is 4. Hence,
A’s income =  × <50,000 = <35,000
 100 
the remaining is 76. We are given that the remaining
Alternative Method: is 1520. Hence, 76 corresponds to 1520 and
50 100 × 1520
B’s income =
100
of C’s income therefore 100 corresponds to = <2000.
76
70
A’s income = of B’s income
100 ? Example 9
70 50
= × of C’s income The length of a rectangle is increased by 10%.
100 100
What will be the percentage decrease in its
35
A’s income = × 1,00,000 = < 35,000 . breadth, so as to have a constant area?
100
Fundamentals of Page : 13
Quantitative Aptitude – I
ü Solution ü Solution
Let length and breadth of the rectangle are Let the original consumption = 100 units and tax
l and b respectively. Area = lb. = <100 per unit.
Increased length and corresponding breadth Then, original expenditure = <(100 × 100)
= l' and b', area = l'b' = <10,000.
New expenditure = 80 ×120 = <9600.
110 11
l' = l= l  400 
100 10 Decrease in expenditure =  × 100
11 10  100 × 100 
lb' = lb ⇒ b' = b = 4%.
10 11
10 1
Decrease in breath = b – b’ = b − b= b Shortcut
11 11
Percentage decrease in breadth 20 × 20
Change in expenditure = 20 − 20 −
b 100 1 100
× 100 = = 9 %. = –4%
11 b 11 11 Thus, expenditure decreases by 4%.
Shortcut
? Example 12
ab
Applying percentage change = a + b + . The number of seats in an auditorium is increased
100

SAMPLE
Let decrease in breadth be x%. by 25%. The price of a ticket is also increased by
10 × x 11x 12%. What is the effect on the revenue collected?
Then 0 = 10 − x − ⇒ = 10
100 10
100 1 ü Solution
or x = =9 %
11 11 Let the initial number of seats be 100 and price
per ticket be <1.
? Example 10
Then, revenue = Number of seats × Price per ticket

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A school has only three classes which contain
125
40, 50 and 60 students. The passing percentage Increased number of seats = × 100 = 125
100
of these classes are 10, 20 and 10 respectively.
112
What is the percentage of the students who Increased price of a ticket = × 1 = <1.12
100
passed in the school? Increased revenue = 125 × 1.12 = <140
Percentage increase in revenue
ü Solution = 140 – 100 = 40%
Total number of students = 40 + 50 + 60 = 150
Number of students passed Shortcut

 10 20 10  Using successive percentage increase formula

= × 40 + × 50 + × 60
 100 100 100  x×y
= x+y+ , where ‘x’ and ‘y’ are the
= (4 + 10 + 6) = 20 100
percentage increase.
Percentage of students passed
∴ Percentage increase in revenue
20 1
= × 100 = 13 % . 25 × 12
(40 + 50 + 60) 3 = 25 + 12 + = 25 + 12 + 3 = 40%.
100

? Example 11 ? Example 13
Tax on water is increased by 20% but its
A’s 5% income is equal to 15% income of B, and
consumption is decreased by 20%. Then, what is 10% of income of B is equal to 20% income of C.
the percentage increase or decrease in the If income of C is <2,000, then what is the total
expenditure? income of A, B and C?

Page : 14 Fundamentals of
Quantitative Aptitude – I
ü Solution ü Solution
5 15 10 20 Let A = x; B = 2x and C = 3x.
A= B and B= C
100 100 100 100
Then 2x + 3x = 6000 ⇒ x = 1200
∴ A = 3B and B = 2C = 2 × 2000 = <4,000
∴ A = 1200 and C = 3600
∴ A = 3 × 4000 = <12,000
∴ A + B + C = (12,000 + 4,000 + 2,000) = <18,000  2400 
Required percentage =  × 100 = 200%
 1200 
? Example 14
Shortcut
Arvind spends 75% of his income. His income is Salary of A = x and C = 3x
increased by 20% while his expenditure increased Hence, salary of C is 2x more than that of A
by 10%. By what per cent did Arvind’s savings
increase? 2x
Required percentage = × 100 = 200%
x
ü Solution
? Example 17
Let the income be 100. Expenditure = 75 and
savings = 25. New income = 120, If the side of a square is increased by 25%, then
by what percentage is its area increased?
 110  165
New expenditure =  × 75 = .
 100  2
ü Solution

SAMPLE
 165  75
New savings =  120 –
 = Let the side be 10 cm. Then, the area will be
2  2
100 cm2.
 75  25
Increase in savings =  − 25 = ; New side = 125% of 10 = 12.5 cm;
 2  2 area = (12.5)2 = 156.25 cm2
 25 1  ∴ Percentage increase = 56.25%
Increase per cent =  × × 100 = 50%
 2 25 

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Shortcut
? Example 15 If ‘x’ is the percentage increase in the side of a
Two numbers are respectively 19% and 70% more square, then increase in area is given by
than a third number. The first number as a x×x x2
percentage of the second number is: x+x+ = 2x + ;
100 100
25 × 25
ü Solution = 25 + 25 + = 56.25%.
100
Let the third number be 100.
Then, the first number is 100 + 19 = 119 and the ? Example 18
second number is 170.
A cricket team won 40% of the total number of
119
∴ The first is × 100 = 70% of the second. matches it played during a year. If it lost 50% of
170 the matches played and 20 matches were drawn,
what was the total number of matches played by
Shortcut
the team during the year?
100 + 19
First number is × 100 = 70% of the second.
100 + 70
ü Solution
? Example 16 40% of x + 50% of x + 20 = x,
where x = Total number of matches
Salaries of A, B and C are in the ratio 1 : 2 : 3.
Salaries of B and C together is <6,000. By what 40 50
⇒ x+ x + 20 = x or x = 200 .
percentage is the salary of C more than that of A? 100 100

Fundamentals of Page : 15
Quantitative Aptitude – I
 Practice Exercise
11. If A’s income is 25% more than B’s, then what is
3
1. What is 18 % of 2000? B’s income as a percentage of A’s income?
4
(a) 75% (b) 80%
(a) 300 (b) 400 (c) 90% (d) 125%
(c) 390 (d) 375
12. In an examination the passing percentage is 40.
2. What percentage of 48 is 26? A obtained 72 out of 200. By what percentage of
(a) 54.16% (b) 184.6% the total marks did he fail?
(c) 56.33% (d) 57.16% (a) 8% (b) 5%
1 (c) 4% (d) 16%
3. What is 33 % of 972?
3
13. What is y as a percentage of x, if x is 120% of y?
(a) 332 (b) 411
(a) 80% (b) 83.33%
(c) 348 (d) 324
(c) 75% (d) 86.66%
4. What percentage of 60 is 37?
14. If A is increased by 10%, by what per cent does
(a) 60% (b) 61.66%
A2 increase?
(c) 65.66% (d) 70%

SAMPLE
(a) 20% (b) 21%
(c) 100% (d) 10%
5. The population of a town increases from 6,500 to
7,475. What is the percentage increase?
(a) 10% (b) 12%  9
15. A is what per cent of   A?
(c) 15% (d) 20%  15 
(a) 60% (b) 100%
6. The population of a town increases by 20% (c) 133.33% (d) 166.66%

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annually. What is the population after 2 years, if
present population is 2,500? 16. If the length and breadth of a rectangle are
(a) 3,250 (b) 3,500 decreased by 10%, then by what per cent does
(c) 3,600 (d) 4,000 the area decrease?
(a) 19% (b) 25%
7. What is 90% of 90% of 100? (c) 10% (d) 20%
(a) 80 (b) 100
(c) 90 (d) 81 17. The price of rice increased from <15 by 15% and
then reduced by 30 paise. What was the net
8. If 37% of a number is 990.86, then what will be increase?
(approximately) 19% of that number? (a) 10% (b) 12%
(a) 600 (b) 400 (c) 13% (d) 28%
(c) 510 (d) 700
18. What is 30% of 55% of 100?
9. 50 min is what percentage of an hour? (a) 25 (b) 85
(a) 83.33% (b) 50% (c) 16.5 (d) 11.5
(c) 90% (d) 87.66%
19. If 20% of a number exceeds 16% of the same
10. I bought 20 kg mango, out of which 16 kg was fine number by 16, what is the number?
and rest were rotten. What is my percentage loss, (a) 400 (b) 40
if I bought them for <30 per kilogram? (c) 4000 (d) 160
(a) 33% (b) 40%
(c) 15% (d) 20%

Page : 16 Fundamentals of
Quantitative Aptitude – I
20. Which is the largest? 27. What percentage of the total votes did the winner
1 3 get?
(a) 66 % (b) (a) 60% (b) 50%
6 5
16 (c) 80% (d) 66.66%
(c) 0.65 (d)
25
28. If the numerator of a fraction is increased by 25%
21. In a town, there are 2,500 men and 2,500 women. and the denominator is decreased by 20%, the
If the number of men increased by 20% and women
5
decreased by 20%, women as a percentage of new value is . What was the original fraction?
4
men now is
(a) 60% (b) 66.67% 3 4
(a) (b)
(c) 80% (d) 83.33% 5 5
7 3
22. In order to increase sales, price of a product was (c) (d)
8 7
decreased by 20%. The net sales increased by
28%. What was the percentage increase in 29. If 28% of a number is less than 43% of the same
number of units sold? number by 75. What is 30% of that number?
(a) 48% (b) 50% (a) 120 (b) 150
(c) 60% (d) 83% (c) 180 (d) 200

23. In a class of 300 students, the number of boys is 30. In an examination, it is required to get 45% marks

SAMPLE
twice that of girls. If 50% of boys and 48% of girls to pass. A student got 138 marks and failed by
appear in examinations, how many students did 15%. What were the maximum marks?
not appear? (a) 400 (b) 450
(a) 6 (b) 160 (c) 460 (d) 600
(c) 152 (d) 144
31. A ‘laddoo’ is made of 70% flour, 20% sugar and
24. Al Pacino invested 40% of his money in shares, rest is ‘ghee’. What is the quantity of ‘ghee’ in 2

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20% of rest in property and lost 25% of the kg laddoos?
remaining in a casino. What per cent does he have (a) 200 g (b) 2 kg
now? (c) 100 g (d) 400 g
(a) 15% (b) 40%
(c) 42% (d) 36% 1°
32. Calculation shows that an angle is 37 . The
2
Directions for questions 25 to 27: Answer the questions size obtained by drawing and measurement is 36º.
based on the following information. The error percentage is
1
In an election, there were only 2 candidates. The losing (a) 1 % (b) 3%
2
2 1
candidate received 66 % of the votes the winner got. (c) 4% (d) 4 %
3 6
The votes polled in favour of the loser were 60 less than
33. Avinash spends 30% of his income on petrol for
that of the winner.
1
scooter, of the remaining on house rent and
25. How many votes did the loser get? 4
(a) 200 (b) 150 the balance on food. If he spends
(c) 120 (d) 100 <300 on petrol, then what is the expenditure on
house rent?
26. How many votes were cast? (a) <525 (b) <1,000
(a) 200 (b) 300 (c) <675 (d) <175
(c) 400 (d) 500

Fundamentals of Page : 17
Quantitative Aptitude – I
34. If x% of ‘a’ is the same as y% of ‘b’, then z% of ‘b’ 40. The length of a rectangle is increased by 60%. By
is what per cent the width must be decreased to
maintain the same area?
yz xy
(a) % of ‘a’ (b) % of ‘a’ (a) 37.5% (b) 60%
x z
(c) 75% (d) None of these
xz
(c) % of ‘a’ (d) None of these 41. A 50 L mixture of milk and water has 35% water.
y
What is the quantity of milk in it?
35. In an examination, A got 10% marks less than B; (a) 27.5 L (b) 15 L
B got 25% marks more than marks obtained by (c) 32.5 L (d) 65 L
C; and C got 20% marks less than D. If A got 360
marks out of 500, the percentage of marks 42. Producer A gained 10% if the SP of the product is
obtained by D was <121. What would the loss/profit be if the SP is
(a) 70% (b) 75% reduced by <11?
(c) 80% (d) 85% (a) Loss of 10% (b) Gain of 5%
(c) Loss of 5% (d) No profit, no loss
36. p is six times as large as q. The percentage by
which q is less than p is 43. A merchant makes a profit of 8% even after giving
(a) 83.33% (b) 16.66% a 10% discount. What is the profit if he sells at
(c) 90% (d) 60% marked price?
(a) 10% (b) 18%

SAMPLE
37. In an election, involving two candidates, (c) 26% (d) 20%
68 votes were declared invalid. The winning
candidate scores 52% of the valid votes and wins 44. An increase of <60 in the monthly salary of Madan
by 98 votes. The total number of votes polled is made it 50% of the monthly salary of Kamal. What
(a) 2,518 (b) 2,450 is Madan’s present monthly salary?
(c) 2,382 (d) None of these (a) <180 (b) <240
(c) <300 (d) Data inadequate

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38. The price of sugar is increased by 20%. As a result,
a family decreases its consumption by 25%. The 45. The salaries of A and B together amount to <2,000.
expenditure of the family on sugar will be A spends 95% and B spends 85% of their salaries.
decreased by Now if their savings are the same, what is A’s
(a) 10% (b) 5% salary?
(c) 14% (d) 15% (a) <1,500 (b) <1,250
(c) <750 (d) <1,600
39. The current birth rate per thousand is
32, whereas corresponding death rate is 46. Raman’s salary was decreased by 50% and
11 per thousand. The net growth rate in terms of subsequently increased by 50%. He has a loss of
population is (a) 0% (b) 25%
(a) 0.021% (b) 0.0021% (c) 0.25% (d) 2.5%
(c) 21% (d) 2.1%

?
My Doubts

Page : 18 Fundamentals of
Quantitative Aptitude – I
3 Simple Interest &
Compound Interest
Interest is the consideration (excess money) given by a In other words, the amount received at the end of year 1
borrower to the lender for the use of the money. The money becomes principal for period 2, and so on.
which has been lent or borrowed is called the principal.
The interest charged per <100 per year is known as the ? Example
rate of interest per annum, and is always represented as
What shall be the amount for a sum of <1,000 at
a percentage.
10% per annum for 3 years compounded annually.

Simple Interest ü Solution

Amount at the end of year 1 is
When the interest is payable on the principal alone, it is
known as simple interest. (P × R × T)
A1 = + P1
The amount of interest is always constant. 100

SAMPLE
P×R ×T
Basic formula for simple interest (SI) is . 1000 × 10 × 1
100 = + 1000
100
Where P = Principal or sum being borrowed or lent
R = Rate of interest per year = <1,100
T = Time period for which the amount is borrowed This shall be the principal for year 2.
Amount (A) = Principal + Simple interest (1100 × 10 × 1)
A2 = + 1100 = <1,210

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P×R×T 100
A=P+
100 (1210 × 10 × 1)
A3 = + 1210 = <1,331
? Example 100
What shall be the interest to be paid on a principal So, amount at the end of 3 years in case of
of <14,000 borrowed at a rate of 15% for a period compound interest (CI) is <1,331, while in the case
of 3 years and 6 months? of simple interest (SI), it shall be <1,300 (at 10%).

ü Solution Alternative Method:

CI can be calculated using the following formula.
P×R×T Principal + CI = Amount
SI = ; P = 14,000, R = 15% and
100 n
 R 
A = P 1 +
 100 
T = 3.5 years
(14000 × 15 × 3.5)
So, SI = = <7,350  R 
n
100 CI = P  1 + −P
 100 
Compound Interest Where,
P = Principal or sum being borrowed
In case of simple interest, the lender receives a fixed R = Rate of interest
amount of money for every defined period of time. There n = Number of times the fixed interval is repeated.
is another case in which the interest amount received
after every given period of time is reinvested at the same
rate of interest as agreed upon initially.

Fundamentals of Page : 19
Quantitative Aptitude – I
 Note: that means interest = Principal.
If the interest is compounded semi-annually So, if x is the Principal, then x is the simple
or half-yearly then the amount becomes interest.
2t (x × R × 4)
 r  ⇒x=
A = P 1 +  100
 200 
100
If the interest is compounded quarterly then ⇒R= = 25%
the amount becomes 4
4t
 r 
A = P 1 + 
 400  ? Example 3
Find the CI on <5,000 at 8% p.a. for 2 years,
Important Note: compounding being done annually.
I. If the word interest is given and nothing else is
specified, the interest is considered as SI. ü Solution
II. If the interest is given by bank and nothing is
specified, it is always CI. P = <5000, R = 8% and n = 2 years
III. Population growth is always taken on 2
 8 
5000  1 + = Amount = <5,832.
 100 
compounding basis.
IV. Difference between CI and SI for 2 years for the
CI = Amount – Principal

SAMPLE
2
 r  = <(5832 – 5000) = <832
same principle at the same interest is P 
 100 
? Example 4
Solved Examples Find amount for <80,000 at 10% per annum,
compounded bi-annually for 2 years.
? Example 1
ü Solution

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If a certain sum amounts to <108 in 2 years, and Here, n = 2 years × 2 = 4 periods
<112 in 3 years, then find the principal and rate of
interest (simple). 10
Similarly, R = = 5% (for half year);
2
ü Solution P = <80,000
4
Amount after 2 years = <108.  5 
A = 80000  1 + = <97,240.50
Amount after 3 years = <112.  100 
In SI, interest amount remains the same for every
year.
Therefore, interest for 1 year = <4. ? Example 5
Hence, the principal = 108 – 2(4) = <100. Find CI on <10,000 at 10% per annum for
4 × 100 9 months, compounded quarterly.
Rate of interest = = 4%
100 × 1
ü Solution
? Example 2 n = 3 periods, R = 2.5% per period and
P = <10,000
At what simple rate of interest shall a sum of
3
money doubles itself in 4 years?  2.5 
Amount = 10000  1 + ≈ <10,769
 100 
ü Solution (approximately)
Now important point to be noted is that the amount CI = Amount – Principal
received by the lender is double the amount given, = 10769 – 10000 = <769

Page : 20 Fundamentals of
Quantitative Aptitude – I
? Example 6 on the principal for 6 months. (Rate of interest
12
The difference between the CI and SI on a certain becomes = 6%).
amount at 10% per annum for 2 years, 2
compounded annually, is <372. Find the principal.  100 
Interest paid for 6 months = <  1800 ×  on
 6 
ü Solution principal = <30,000.
Let the principal be ‘a’. Principal/sum invested in bank
10 20  100 
× 2= = < 30000 × = <5,00,000.
6 
SI = a × a and
100 100 
CI = Amount – a Total sum invested = <(5,00,000 + 5,00,000)
2 = <10,00,000.
 10  21
= a 1 +  −a = ×a
 100  100
? Example 8
CI – SI = <372
21 20 If the CI on a certain sum for 3 years at 20% p.a.
a− a = <372 is <728, what is the sum invested?
100 100
⇒ a = <37,200 = Principal
ü Solution

SAMPLE
Alternative Method:  20 
3
CI = 728 = P  1 + −P
 100 
The above problem has an alternate. You need to
understand the fact that for 1st period, SI = CI.
The difference between the values of CI and SI is  728 
P = < 728 ⇒ P = <1,000
because of accumulated interest building on  1000 
interest which is reinvested. Therefore, for period
2, the difference between CI and SI is the interest

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for one period on the interest of period 1. Important Note:
In the above example, the difference being 372 is
When rates are different for different years,
the interest generated on interest for period 1 on say r1, r2 and r3 for different years 1, 2 and
the principal. 3 respectively, then, Amount
 100 
Interest for period 1 = < 372 ×  = <3,720  r   r   r3 
 10  = 1 + 1  1 + 2 
  1 + 100  .
 100  100 
 100 
Therefore, principal = < 3720 × 
 10 
? Example 9
= <37,200
Find the amount after 3 years if the principal is
<10,000 and rates are 10%, 8% and 12% in 1st,
? Example 7
2nd and 3rd year respectively.
Ram invested a particular sum at 12% per annum
with one of his friends Shyam and a similar amount ü Solution
in bank which pays interest at 12% p.a.
Amount
compounded semi-annually. The difference
between the amounts received after one year was  10   8  12 
<1,800. Find the total sum invested by Ram. = <10,000  1 +   1 +   1 + 
100 100 100 
= <10,000 × 1.1 × 1.08 × 1.12
ü Solution = <13,305.60
Following the above illustration, we have the
difference equal to the interest on the interest paid

Fundamentals of Page : 21
Quantitative Aptitude – I
? Example 10 ü Solution
What is the CI received on a sum of <26,000 at  800 × 12 × 5 
rates 10%, 12% and 8% each, prevailing in that SI required = < 
  = < 480
100
order for years 1, 2 and 3, interest being
compounded semi-annually for the given three  100 × 480 
Time = 
 600 × 10 
= 8 years
years?

ü Solution
? Example 14
Amount
2 2 2 Prabhat took a certain amount of loan from a bank
 5   6   4 
= 26000 ×  1 + 1+ 1+ at the rate of 8% p.a. S.I. and gave the same
 100   100   100  amount to Ashish as a loan at the rate of 12%
= <34,836.17 p.a. If at the end of 12 years, he made a profit of
CI = <(34836.17 – 26000) = <8,836.17 <320 in the deal, what was the original amount?

? Example 11 ü Solution
Let the original amount be <x. Then,
What is the amount of interest on <1,000
compounded annually at the rate of 10% for 3 x × 12 × 12 x × 8 × 12 2000
– = 320 ⇒ x =
years. 100 100 3

SAMPLE
= <666.67
ü Solution
3
 10  ? Example 15
A = 1000  1 + = <1,331
 100 
⇒ Interest = <331 Rahul borrowed <830 from Mr Lal at 12% p.a. SI for
3 years. He then added some money to the borrowed
sum and lent it to Shobha for the same period at

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? Example 12 the rate of 14% p.a. interest. If Rahul gains <93.90
in the whole transaction, what amount did he add
If a sum of money doubles at 12.5% p.a. interest,
from his side?
what is the time period in case of
(i) SI and (ii) CI?
ü Solution
ü Solution Let the amount added be <x.
(i) R = 12.5%, Amount = 2P (830 + x) × 14 × 3 830 × 12 × 3
– = 93.90
100 100 100
Time = = 8 years ⇒ 830 × 42 + 42x – 830 × 36 = 9390
12.5
t ⇒ 42x + 830 × (42 – 36) = 9390
 R 
(ii) A = P  1 + ⇒ 42x = 9390 – 4980
 100 
t t 4410
 R   9 ⇒x= = 105
2P = P  1 +  ⇒2=  42
 100   8
∴ Amount added = <105.
⇒ t = 5.88 years (approximately)

? Example 16
? Example 13
If a sum of money at simple interest doubles in 6
For how many years should <600 be invested at
years, in how many years will it become four
10% p.a. in order to earn the same simple interest
times?
as earned by investing <800 at 12% p.a. for 5
years?

Page : 22 Fundamentals of
Quantitative Aptitude – I
ü Solution ? Example 19

Let sum be x. Then SI = x A man invests an amount of <15,860 in the names

of his three sons A, B and C in such a way that
 100 × x  50
∴ Rate =   %= % they get the same interest after 2, 3 and 4 years
 x×6  3 respectively. If the rate of interest is 5%, then what
will be the ratio of amounts invested among A, B
50
Now, sum is x and SI is 3x, rate = %. and C?
3

100 × 3x ü Solution
∴ Time = = 18 years
50 Let the amounts invested be x, y, z respectively.
x×
3 x×2×5 y×3×5 z×4×5
Then, = = =k;
100 100 100
Alternative method:
Let principal be P. Thus, amount is 2P after 6 years. 20
∴ x = 10k, y = k and z = 5k.
Interest in 6 years = 2P – P = P. 3
To become four times, interest = 4P – P = 3P. 20k
So, x : y : z = 10k : : 5k = 30 : 20 : 15
When interest is P, time taken = 6 years. 3
When interest is 3P, time taken = 3 × 6 = 6 : 4: 3.
= 18 years.
? Example 20

SAMPLE
? Example 17 The rates of simple interest in two banks A and
The rate of interest on a sum of money is B are in the ratio 5 : 4. A person wants to deposit
4% p.a. for the first 2 years; 6% p.a. for the next his total savings in two banks in such a way that
3 years; and 8% p.a. for the period beyond 5 years. he receives equal half yearly interest from both.
If the simple interest collected by the sum for a What should be the ratio of his savings in banks
total period of 8 years is <1,280, what is the sum? A and B?

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ü Solution ü Solution
Let the savings be X and Y and the rates of simple
Let the sum be <x. Then
interest be 5x and 4x respectively. Then,
x×4×2 x×6×3 x×8×3
+ + = 1280 1 1 1 1
100 100 100 X × 5x × × = Y × 4x × ×
⇒ 50x = 1280 × 100 2 100 2 100
∴ x = <2,560 X 4
⇒ = i.e. X : Y = 4 : 5
Y 5
? Example 18
? Example 21
Vinod Kumar invested <1,600 for 3 years and
<1,100 for 4 years at the same rate of simple The value of a machine depreciates at the rate of
interest. If the total interest from these investments 10% every year. It was purchased
is <506, what was the rate of interest? 3 years ago. If its present value is <8,748, what
was its purchase price?
ü Solution
ü Solution
1600 × 3 × R 1100 × 4 × R
+ = 506 Let the purchase price be P.
100 100 Rate of depreciation = 10%
⇒ 92R = 506 3
 10   10 10 10 
1 P  1–  = 8748 ⇒ P =  8748 × × × 
⇒R =5 %  100   9 9 9
2
= <12,000.

Fundamentals of Page : 23
Quantitative Aptitude – I
 Practice Exercise
1. Two investments of <500 and <1500 have a 8. SI on a sum of money is one-fourth of principal.
combined yearly return of 8.5% of the total of the The number of years is equal to the rate of interest.
two investments. If the <500 investment has a Find the rate of interest.
yearly return of 7%, what per cent yearly return (a) 2.5% (b) 7.5%
does the <1,500 investment have? (c) 6% (d) 5%
(a) 9% (b) 10%
9. If CI for a certain sum for 2 years at 2% p.a. be
5
(c) 10 % (d) 11% <1,010, what is the principal?
8
(a) <20,000 (b) <25,000
(c) <25,250 (d) <27,500
2. A family made a down payment of <75 and
borrowed a set of encyclopaedias that cost <400. 10. If CI for a certain sum at 3% for 2 years is <203,
The balance with interest was paid in 23 monthly what would be the SI for the same period and at
payments of <16 each and a final payment of <9. the same rate?
The amount of interest paid was what per cent of (a) <200 (b) <207.50
the amount borrowed? (c) <213.33 (d) <190
(a) 6% (b) 12%
(c) 14% (d) 16%

SAMPLE
11. What is the sum which when lent at 5% SI for
2 years would yield interest of <154?
3. The difference between the interests received from (a) <1,450 (b) <1,540
two different banks on <500 for 2 years is <2.50. (c) <1,650 (d) <1,480
The difference between their rates is
(a) 1% (b) 0.5% 12. I bought a watch for <400 and sell it for <460 at a
(c) 0.25% (d) 25% credit of 8 months. What is my approx. gain
percentage considering interest rate to be

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4. A sum of <3,500 is lent for 5 years at 5% p.a. SI. 15% p.a.?
The interest accrued and the amount to be repaid (a) 4.55% (b) 6.66%
are respectively (c) 7.5% (d) None of these
(a) <875 and <4,375
(b) <975 and <4,475 13. The simple interest on <1,820 from March 9, 1994
(c) <500 and <4,000 to May 21, 1994 at 7.5% rate will be
(a) <29 (b) <28.80
(d) <375 and <3,875
(c) <27.30 (d) <22.50
5. In what time, a sum of money will triple itself at SI
Directions for questions 14 and 15: Answer the
20% p.a.?
questions based on the following information.
(a) 5 years (b) 10 years
(c) 15 years (d) 20 years ‘A’ borrowed <4,000 at 10% CI for 3 years with the
condition that half of the amount at the end of first and
6. What will be the CI on <1,000 for 3 years at 10% second years will be paid at the end of those years.
p.a.?
(a) <300 (b) <330 14. What is the amount due at maturity?
(c) <331 (d) <361 (a) <2,200 (b) <2,324
(c) <1,331 (d) <1,242
7. Find the difference between SI and CI on
<700 at the rate of 10% for 3 years? 15. In the above question, how much did ‘A’ pay in
(a) <20.90 (b) <21 total as interest?
(c) <21.70 (d) <24 (a) <1,200 (b) <944
(c) <881 (d) <741

Page : 24 Fundamentals of
Quantitative Aptitude – I
16. At what rate per cent, the simple interest on 24. <2,189 is divided into three parts such that their
<1,125 will be <225 in 4 years? interests after 1, 2 and 3 years respectively is
(a) 4% (b) 5% equal. The rate of simple interest being 4% p.a. in
all cases, the smallest part is
2 (a) <702 (b) <398
(c) 6 % (d) Can’t be determined
3 (c) <756 (d) <1,093

17. If I lend <5,000 for 3 years in two schemes (i) 11% 25. If the simple interest on a sum of money for
SI and (ii) 10% CI, which is the beneficial scheme 3 years at 5% p.a. is <1,200, the compound
and by what amount? interest for the same period at the same rate is
(a) (i), <150 (b) (i), <50 (a) <1,260 (b) <1,261
(c) (ii), <5 (d) (ii), <50 (c) <1,264 (d) <1,265

26. If the difference between the compound interest,

18. A sum was put at simple interest at a certain
compounded half-yearly and the simple interest
rate for 2 years. Had it been put at 3% higher
on a sum at 10% p.a. for one year is <25, the sum
rate, it would have fetched <72 more. The sum is
is
(a) <1,200 (b) <1,500
(a) <9,000 (b) <9,500
(c) <1,600 (d) <1,800 (c) <10,000 (d) <10,500

19. If a sum of money doubles itself in 8 years at 27. A man borrowed <800 at 10% p.a. SI and
simple interest, the rate percentage per annum is immediately lent the whole sum at 10% p.a. CI.

SAMPLE
(a) 11.5% (b) 12% What does he gain at the end of 2 years?
(c) 12.5% (d) 13% (a) <6 (b) <8
(c) <10 (d) <12
20. If x, y and z are three sums of money such that
‘y’ is the simple interest on ‘x’; ‘z’ is the simple
28. A sum of money amounts to <4,624 in 2 years
interest on ‘y’ for the same time and at the same
and to <4,913 in 3 years at compound interest.
rate of interest, then we have
The sum is
(a) x2 = yz (b) y2 = xz

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2
(c) z = xy (d) xyz = 1 (a) <4,096 (b) <4,260
(c) <4,335 (d) <4,360
21. A sum of <1,550 was partly lent at 5% and 8%
p.a. simple interest. The total interest received after 29. In how many years will a sum of <800 at 10% per
3 years was <300. The ratio of the money lent at annum compounded semi-annually become
5% to that lent at 8% is <926.10?
(a) 8 : 5 (b) 5 : 8 1 1
(c) 31 : 6 (d) 16 : 15 (a) 2 years (b) 1 years
2 2
22. A man invested one-third of his capital at 7%, one- 1 1
fourth at 8% and the remainder at 10% simple (c) 2 years (d) 1 years
3 3
interest respectively. If his annual income is <561,
the capital is
(a) <5,400 (b) <6,000 30. A sum of <12,000 deposited at compound interest
(c) <6,600 (d) <7,200 becomes double after 5 years. After 20 years it
will become
23. A man lends <10,000 in four parts. If he gets 8% (a) <1,20,000 (b) <1,92,000
on <2,000; 7.5% on <4,000; 8.5 % on <1,400, (c) <1,24,000 (d) <96,000
what per cent must he get for the remainder, if his
average annual interest is 8.13%? 31. The least number of complete years in which a
(a) 10.5% (b) 9.25% sum of money put at 20% compound interest will
(c) 9% (d) 7% be more than double is
(a) 3 (b) 4
(c) 5 (d) 6

Fundamentals of Page : 25
Quantitative Aptitude – I
32. A tree increases annually by one-eighth of its 40. Find the difference between SI and CI on <2,000
height. What will be the height of it after 2 years, for 2 years at the rate of 10% per annum.
if it stands today 64 cm high? (a) <20 (b) <22
(a) 72 cm (b) 74 cm (c) <24 (d) <30
(c) 75 cm (d) 81 cm
41. Some of the amount of <7,000 was lent at 6%
33. A sum of money becomes <13,380 after 3 years p.a. and the remaining at 4% p.a. If the total simple
and <20,070 after 6 years on compound interest. interest from the fraction in 5 years was <1,600,
The sum is what was the sum lent at 6% p.a.?
(a) <8,800 (b) <8,890 (a) <2,000 (b) <2,500
(c) <8,920 (d) <9,040 (c) <3,000 (d) <4,000

34. The compound interest on <30,000 at 7% per 42. What annual payment will discharge a debt of
annum for a certain period is <4,347. The period <1,200 in 4 years at 4% p.a. simple interest?
is (a) <200 (b) <348
(a) 2 years (b) 2.5 years (c) <400 (d) <500
(c) 3 years (d) 4 years
43. In what time will <36 become <45 at 6.25% p.a.
35. At what rate of compound interest per annum will simple interest?
a sum of <1,200 become <1,348.32 in 2 years? (a) 2 years (b) 3 years
(a) 7% (b) 6% (c) 4 years (d) 8 years

SAMPLE
(c) 7.5% (d) 6.5%
44. The simple interest on <400 for 8 months at
36. A sum of money invested at compound interest 5 paise per rupee per month is
amounts to <800 in 3 years and <840 in 4 years. (a) <120 (b) <160
What is the rate of interest per annum? (c) <200 (d) <400
(a) 2% (b) 4%
(c) 5% (d) 10% 45. The simple interest on a sum of money for

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3 years is <360, and the compound interest on
37. A sum of money becomes eight times of itself in 3 the same sum at the same rate for 2 years is
years at compound interest. The rate of interest <270. The rate per cent per annum is
is (a) 25% (b) 50%
(a) 100% (b) 80% (c) 60% (d) 80%
(c) 1% (d) Data inadequate
46. If <1 becomes <10 in 50 years at simple interest,
38. A father left a will of <85,000 to be divided between the rate per cent per annum is
his two sons aged 10 years and 12 years such (a) 16% (b) 18%
that they may get equal amount when each attains (c) 20% (d) None of these
the age of 18 years. If the money is reckoned at
10% p.a., find how much the son of age 10 gets 47. A man lent <400 and <600 for 3 years, at the same
at the time of the will? rate of simple interest and received only <90 as
(a) <32,000 (b) <36,000 interest. What was the rate percentage per
(c) <40,000 (d) <42,000 annum?
(a) 1% (b) 2%
39. Simple interest on a certain sum is 9 over 25 of (c) 3% (d) 4%
the sum. Find the rate per cent and time,
if both are numerically equal.
(a) 6%, 6 years
(b) 7%, 7 years
(c) 9%, 9 years
(d) 8%, 8 years

Page : 26 Fundamentals of
Quantitative Aptitude – I
4 Profit, Loss & Discount

Cost Price (CP) MP(100–d) 100 × SP

SP = ; MP = .
100 (100 – d)
Cost price is the price at which an article is purchased.
Loss or gain is reckoned on the cost price. – D is c o u n t P ro fit +
6. M .P. S .P. C .P.

Selling Price (SP) 7. If 2 items are sold, each at <X, one at a gain of
P% and the other at a loss of P%, then overall
Selling price is the price at which an article is sold. P2
Profit = SP – CP loss percentage = %
100
Loss = CP – SP 8. Successive Discounts: If two discounts of a% and
b% are given successively, then the net discount

SAMPLE
Commission
ab
Commission is an incentive given by the parent or given in percentage is = a + b + .
100
manufacturing company to the retailer based on the sales
We have learnt this in the percentage chapter.
of product.

Formulae Solved Examples

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1. Profit percentage
? Example 1
Pr ofit  SP 
= × 100 =  − 1 × 100
CP  CP  A boy buys eggs at 10 for <1.80 and sells them at
11 for <2. What is his gain or loss percentage?
2. Loss percentage

Loss  SP  ü Solution
= × 100 =  1 −  × 100
CP  CP  To avoid fractions, let the number of eggs
purchased be LCM (10, 11) = 110
(100 + Pr ofit percentage) × CP
3. SP = 110 × 1.80
100 CP of 110 eggs = = <19.80
10
(100 – Loss percenatge) × CP
or 110 × 2.00
100 SP of 110 eggs = = <20.
11
100 × SP 0.20 × 100
4. CP = Profit percentage = = 1.01%
(100 + Pr ofit percentage) 19.80

100 × SP ? Example 2
or
(100 – Loss percentage)
A woman buys certain number of apples at
5. If marked price be MP and discount percentage 15 per rupee and the same number at 20 per
be ‘d’, then rupee. She mixes and sells them at 35 for <2.
What is her gain or loss percentage?

Fundamentals of Page : 27
Quantitative Aptitude – I
 Types of question Example Approach to question
1. If a dealer sells a goods at A dishonest dealer professes to sell x
cost price but uses a false his goods at cost price, but he uses Profit % = y × 100
weight, find his profit a weight of 960 gm for 1 kg. Find where x is the error and y is
percentage. his profit %. True value – x.
40
∴ × 100 = 4.16%
1000 – 40

2. If A sells to B at a profit of x%, A sells a cycle to B at a profit of 100 + x 100 + y

B sells to C at a profit of y% 10%, B sells to C at a profit of C.PC = 100 × 100 × P
and C pays <P for it, find the 20%. If C pays <264 for it, what did where x and y are the profit %
cost for A. A pay for it? for A and B, and P is the cost
for A.
110 120
∴ × × P = 264
100 100
P = <200

3. If cost price of A articles is The C.P. of 10 articles is equal to the A –B

Profit % = × 100
equal to the selling price of S.P. of 9 articles. Find the profit %. B

SAMPLE
B articles, find the profit %. where A is the number of articles
bought and B is the number of
articles sold.
10 – 9
∴ × 100 = 11.11%
9

4. The cost price of two articles is Amit buys 2 cows for <200 each. He For the same cost price and
the same. If one is sold at a sells one at a profit of 10% and the equal profit and loss %, there is

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X% profit and the other at a other at a loss of 10%. Find his no profit and no loss.
loss of X%, find his profit or profit or loss %. ∴ Profit or loss = 0%
loss %.
5. The selling price of two articles Amit sells 2 cows for <200 each. On one X2
he gets a profit of 10%, while loses 10% Loss % = %
is the same. If one is sold at X% 100
profit and the other at a loss of on the other. What is his overall profit or
X%, find his profit or loss %. loss %? 102
= % = 1%
100

6. Find the single rate of discount What single rate of discount is equal to
Using successive percentage
equal to two successive two successive discounts of 10% and
discounts of x % and y%. 15%? 10 × 15
change: −10 − 15 +
100
−25 + 1.5 = −23.5%
Hence, discount = 23.5%

100 + y
7. If x% discount on an article is A dealer allows a discount of M.P = × 100 ,
100 – x
given on cash payment, find he 7% for cash payment. How where x% is the discount and
% that should be marked bove much % above the cost price y% is the profit.
the cost price so as to make a should he mark his goods to ∴ 110/93 ×100 = 118.28
profit of y%. make a profit of 10%? Hence, 118.28 – 100 = 18.28%

Page : 28 Fundamentals of
Quantitative Aptitude – I
ü Solution 1
Hence, overall profit is given by (–10%) of CP
3
Suppose the woman buys (LCM of 15, 20 and 35)
2
420 apples. + (x%) of CP = 20% of CP.
Cost at the rate of 15 per rupee = <28. 3
Thus, x = 35%.
Cost at the rate of 20 per rupee = <21.
Total cost for 840 apples = <49.
840 × 2 ? Example 5
SP for 840 apples = = <48;
35 A reduction of 10% in the price of sugar enables a
1 × 100 man to buy 25 kg more for <225. What is the
Loss percentage = = 2.04% original price of sugar (per kilogram)?
49

ü Solution
? Example 3
Let the original price be x.
A man bought 80 kg rice for <88 and sold it at a
225
loss of as much money as he received for 20 kg. Original quantity =
At what price did he sell it? x
New price = 0.9x
ü Solution 225
New quantity =

SAMPLE
CP of 80 kg – SP of 80 kg = SP of 20 kg 0.9x
SP of 100 kg = CP of 80 kg = <88
SP of 1 kg = 88 paise; 225 225
⇒ − = 25
He sold it at 88 paise per kilogram. 0.9x x
⇒ x = <1/kg
? Example 4
Alternative method:
Goods are purchased for <450 and one-third is

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10
sold at a loss of 10%. At what profit per cent CP of 25 kg = × 225 = < 22.5 ;
100
should the remainder be sold so as to gain 20% 22.5
on the whole transaction? Reduced CP of 1 kg = = < 0.90
25
Original price of sugar (per kilogram)
ü Solution
0.90
Total cost price of goods = <450 = × 100 = <1
90
120
SP of total goods = 450 × = < 540
100 ? Example 6

90 450 A man sold an article at a profit of 25%. If he had

SP of one-third goods = × = <135
100 3 bought it at 20% less and sold it for <10.50 less,
SP of the remaining goods = 540 – 135 = <405 he would have gained 30%. Find the CP of the
CP of the remaining (two-thirds) goods = <300 article.

Hence, profit percentage =

105
× 100 = 35% ü Solution
300
Let CP = <x; SP = 1.25x
New CP = 0.8x; new SP = 1.25x – 10.50
Alternative method:
But new SP = 130% of new CP = 1.3 × 0.8x
Applying weighted average, one-third of quantity
Therefore, 1.3 × 0.8x = 1.25x – 10.50
there is a loss of 10% (or a profit of –10%) and
⇒ x = <50.
balance two-thirds gives a profit of x%.

Fundamentals of Page : 29
Quantitative Aptitude – I
? Example 7 ü Solution
A vendor bought bananas at 6 for <5 and sold at SP of 8 books = <100
4 for <3. Find his gain or loss percentage.
100
∴ SP of one book = = <12.50
8
ü Solution
∴ SP of 9 books = 12.50 × 9 = <112.50
Let number of bananas be 24. (A multiple of ∴ Profit percentage = 12.5%
4 and 6)
24 Alternative method:
Cost price = × 5 = < 20
6 CP of 9 books = SP of 8 books
24 CP of 8 books + CP of 1 book = SP of 8 books
Selling price = × 3 = <18 ;
4 CP of 1 books = SP of 8 books – CP of 8 books
2 Profit = CP of 1 book
∴ Loss percentage = × 100 = 10%
20 CP of 1book
Profit percentage = × 100
CP of 8 books
? Example 8 = 12.5%.
If a commission of 10% is given on the marked
price of an article, the gain is 25%. Find the gain
? Example 11
percentage, if the commission is increased
to 20%. If by selling an article for <100, a man gains

SAMPLE
<15, then what is his gain percentage?
ü Solution
Let marked price = <100
ü Solution
Commission = <10 SP = <100, gain = <15. So, CP = SP – Gain
SP after 10% commission = 90  15 
∴ Gain percentage =  × 100 %
90  85 
CP = × 100 = <72

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125 11
New commission = <20 = 17 %
17
New SP = <80, Gain = 80 – 72 = 8
8 × 100 ? Example 12
Gain percentage = = 11.1%
72
A grain dealer gains to the extent of 10% while
? Example 9 buying as well as selling by using false weights.
What is his total gain?
Peanuts are sold at 60 per rupee. If the vendor
decides to hike SP by 20%, how many peanuts
can be bought per rupee? ü Solution
Rule: Gain percentage
ü Solution
(100 + Common gain percentage)2
1 = – 100
SP of one peanut = < . 100
60 Gain percentage
1.2 1
New SP = =<  (100 + 10)2   12100 –10000
60 50 = − 100 % = 
  %
Therefore, 50 peanuts can be bought per rupee.  100  100
= 21%
? Example 10
Sumit buys 9 books for <100 but sells 8 for
<100. What is the net profit percentage?

Page : 30 Fundamentals of
Quantitative Aptitude – I
 Alternate Method:
This question can also be done by using the
ü Solution
approach Let the investments be 3x and 5x.Then, the total
investment = 8x.
ab 10 × 10
a+b+ ⇒ 10 + 10 + = 21% Total receipt = (115% of 3x + 90% of 5x)
100 100 = (3.45x + 4.5x) = 7.95x
So loss = 8x – 7.95x = 0.05x
? Example 13  0.05x 
∴ Loss percentage =  × 100 %
A person bought 20 L milk at the rate of <8 per  8x 
litre. He got it churned after spending <10 and got = 0.625%
5 kg cream and 20 L toned milk. If he sold the
cream at <30 per kilogram and toned milk at ? Example 15
<4 per litre, what was his profit in the transaction?
Vivek purchased 120 tables at a price of
ü Solution <110 per table. He sold 30 tables at a profit of
<12 per table and 75 tables at a profit of <14 per
Investment = <(20 × 8 + 10) = <170; table. The remaining tables were sold at a loss of
Receipt = <( 30 × 5 + 20 × 4) = <230 <7 per table. What is the average profit per table?

∴ Gain percentage =  
60
× 100 ü Solution
 170 

SAMPLE
Total CP = <(120 × 110) = <13,200
= 35.29% ≈ 35.3%
Total SP = (30 × 110 + 30 × 12) + (75 × 110 + 75
× 14) + (15 × 110 – 15 × 7) = <14,505
? Example 14
 14505 – 13200 
A person earns 15% on an investment but loses ∴ Average profit = <  
 120
10% on another investment. If the ratio of the two
investments is 3 : 5, what is the gain or loss on 1305

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the two investments taken together? =< = <10.875
120

?
My Doubts

Fundamentals of Page : 31
Quantitative Aptitude – I
 Practice Exercise
1. If books bought at prices ranging from dozen and made a profit of <50. How many oranges
<200 to <350 are sold at prices ranging from <300 (in dozens) did he buy?
to <425, what can be the greatest possible profit? (a) 25 (b) 40
(a) <400 (c) 50 (d) 60
(b) <600
(c) Cannot be determined 9. A producer of tea blends two varieties costing
(d) None of these <18 per kilogram and another <20 per kilogram in
the ratio 5 : 3. If he sells the blended variety at
2. The cost price of 20 articles is same as the selling <21 per kilogram, what is his gain percentage?
price of 15 articles. The profit percentage is (a) 10% (b) 12%
(a) 25% (b) 30% (c) 19% (d) 22%
(c) 33.33% (d) 50%
10. Ram purchased 35 kg rice at <9.50 per kilogram
and 30 kg at <10.50 per kilogram, and mixed them.
4
3. If the selling price of an article is times of its At what price (per kilogram) should he sell the
3
mixture to gain 35%?
cost price, the profit percentage is (a) <12 (b) <12.50
(c) <13 (d) <13.50

SAMPLE
1 1
(a) 33 % (b) 25 %
3 4
11. Oil costs <100 per liter. After adulterating it with
1 1 another oil that costs <50 per liter, Ram sells the
(c) 20 % (d) 20 %
2 3 mixture at <96 per liter making a profit of 20%. In
what ratio does he mix the two?
4. If the cost price of 12 books is same as the selling (a) 1 : 2 (b) 3 : 2
(c) 3 : 1 (d) None of these

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price of 16 books, the loss percentage is
(a) 15% (b) 20%
(c) 25% (d) 30% 12. Two varieties of rice are mixed in the ratio 2 : 3 and
sold at <22 per kilogram, resulting in a profit of
5. A man loses the selling price of 4 apples on selling 10%. If the cost of the first variety rice be <14 per
36 apples. His loss percentage is kilogram, the cost per kilogram of the second
(a) 12.5% (b) 11.11% variety rice will be
(c) 10% (d) None of these (a) <23 (b) <24
(c) <25 (d) None of these
6. By selling a table, Aditya earned a profit equal to
one-fourth of the price for which he bought it. If he 13. A dealer who professes to sell his goods at cost
sold it for <375, what was the cost price? price uses a 900 g weight for a kilogram. His gain
(a) <281.75 (b) <300 percentage is
(c) <312.50 (d) <350 (a) 9% (b) 10%
(c) 11% (d) 11.11%
7. A man bought a number of bananas at 3 for a
rupee and an equal number at 2 for a rupee. At 14. A dealer professes to sell his goods at cost price,
what price per dozen should he sell them to make 18
a profit of 20%? but he uses a false weight and gains 6 %. What
47
(a) <4 (b) <5 is the weight used per kilogram of goods sold by
(c) <6 (d) <7 him?
(a) 953 g (b) 940 g
8. A man bought oranges at <5 a dozen and an equal (c) 960 g (d) 947 g
number at <2 a dozen. He sold them at <5.50 a

Page : 32 Fundamentals of
Quantitative Aptitude – I
15. By selling toffees at 20 for a rupee, a man loses 23. By selling an article, there is a loss of 2.5%. By
4%. To gain 20% for a rupee he must sell selling it at <6 more, there is a gain of 5%. The
(a) 16 toffees cost price of the article is
(b) 20 toffees (a) <78 (b) <80
(c) 24 toffees (c) <82 (d) <84
(d) 25 toffees
24. A man sold an article for a gain of 5%. If he had
16. A man gains 10% by selling an article for a certain bought it for 5% less and sold it for <1 less, he
price. If he sells it at double the price, the profit is would have made a profit of 10%. The cost price
(a) 20% (b) 120% of the article is
(a) <100 (b) <150
(c) 100% (d) 140%
(c) <200 (d) <500
17. ‘A’ bought a cycle and spent <110 on its repairs.
25. Profit after selling goods for <425 is the same as
He then sold it to ‘B’ at a profit of 20%. ‘B’ sold it
the loss after selling it at <355. What is its cost
to ‘C’ at a loss of 10%. ‘C’ sold it at a profit of 10% price?
for <1,188. How much did ‘A’ buy it for? (a) <385 (b) <390
(a) <850 (b) <890 (c) <395 (d) <400
(c) <930 (d) <950
26. The profit earned by selling a table for
18. If the manufacturer gains 10%, the wholesaler <900 is double the loss incurred when it is sold for
gains 15%, and the retailer gains 25%, what is <450. At what price should it be sold to make 25%

SAMPLE
the cost of production of the goods if the retail profit?
price is <1,265? (a) <600 (b) <750
(a) <632.50 (b) <800 (c) <800 (d) Data inadequate
(c) <814 (d) <834.34
27. Successive discounts of 30%, 20% and 10% is
19. A man sells 2 cows for <4,000 each, neither gaining equivalent to a single discount of
nor losing in the deal. If he sold one cow at a gain (a) 50% (b) 49.6%

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of 25%, then the other cow is sold at a loss of (c) 39.4% (d) 51%
(a) 16.66% (b) 18.22%
(c) 25% (d) None of these 28. The difference between the discount of 40% on
<500 and two successive discounts of 36% and
20. Two horses were sold for <12,000 each, one at a 4% on the same price is
loss of 20% and the other at a gain of 20%. The (a) nil (b) <2
(c) <7.20 (d) <1.93
entire transaction resulted in
(a) no loss, no gain
29. At what percentage above the cost price must an
(b) loss of <1,000
article be marked so as to gain 33% after allowing
(c) gain of <1,000
a discount of 5%?
(d) gain of <2,000 (a) 38% (b) 40%
(c) 43% (d) 48%
21. A vendor has 24 kg apples. He sells part of these
at 20% gain and the balance at 5% loss. If on the 30. A trader allows two successive discounts of 20%
whole he earns a profit of 10%, the part of apples and 10%. If he sells the article for <108, then the
sold at a loss is marked price of the article is
(a) 6 kg (b) 4.6 kg (a) <150 (b) <148
(c) 9.6 kg (d) 11.4 kg (c) <142 (d) <140

22. The cost price of an article is 40% of the selling 31. A merchant intends to offer a discount of 10% but
price. The percentage that selling price is of the would like to maintain the current prices. By what
cost price is percentage should he increase the list price?
(a) 250% (b) 240% (a) 10% (b) 9.09%
(c) 60% (d) 40% (c) 11.11% (d) 12.5%

Fundamentals of Page : 33
Quantitative Aptitude – I
32. A hotel offers 10% discount on food purchased 35. A trader buys 78 kg of wheat for <492. He sells
during happy hours and 5% overall discount on all 40% of this at a loss of 20%. What should be the
purchases exceeding <150. What is the net percentage mark up on the remaining so as to
percentage discount offered to a customer who gain an overall 25%?
purchased food worth <190 during the happy (a) 40% (b) 55%
hours? (c) 28% (d) 45%
(a) 14.75% (b) 15%
(c) 14% (d) 14.5% 36. Sneha buys X eggs to resell them at a profit of
10% but loses 10% of the eggs. By how much
33. A trader quotes <45 for an article whose cost price should she mark up the selling price in order to
is <30. The customer pays him a fifty-rupee note. retain 10% profit?
The trader does not have the change to return <5 (a) 30% (b) 40%
to the customer. He thus goes to a neighbouring (c) 33.33% (d) 22.22%
shop to get change for <50. The customer collects
his balance of <5. The next day the neighbouring 37. A merchant gives a discount of 10% on tea, but
shop owner realizes that the fifty-rupee note was uses a weight of 900 gm per kilogram. Find his
fake and demanded <50 back from the trader. net profit/loss percentage.
What is the total loss to the trader? (a) 3.33% (b) 2.05%
(a) <80 (b) <85 (c) 4.67% (d) No profit no loss
(c) <35 (d) <30
38. By selling 25 L of milk at <50 per litre, a merchant

SAMPLE
34. A merchant sells rice and makes a profit of 6%. earns a profit equivalent to the cost price of 5 L.
His cost price increases by 10% and thus he Find the profit percentage.
increases his selling price also by 10%. What (a) 15% (b) 25%
profit percentage does he earn now? (c) 20% (d) 18%
(a) 6%
(b) 6.6% 39. A man bought 100 kg of rice for <1,100 and sold it
(c) 10% at a loss of as much money as he received for

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(d) None of these 20 kg of rice. At what price approximately did he
sell the rice?
(a) <9.17 (b) <10.50
(c) <10.14 (d) <9.50

?
My Doubts

Page : 34 Fundamentals of
Quantitative Aptitude – I
5 Ratio & Proportion, Mixture
Alligation, Partnership & Average
Ratio of two quantities is the fraction that one Hence, for two iterations in which the values of x are x1
and x2, and the corresponding values of y are y1 & y2
a
quantity is relative to the other. Ratio of a to b is or a x1 x 2
b
Then, = .
: b. a, the first term is called antecedent and the second y1 y 2
term b is called consequent. It should be noted that By componendo and dividendo property
both a and b are of the same units.
x1 x 2 x1 + y1 x 2 + y 2
If = , then =
y1 y 2 x1 − y1 x 2 − y 2
Important Note:

a a ? Example
If any ratio is given such that > 1 or a If one cup of oil can be obtained by crushing 50
b b

SAMPLE
> b, and there is an integer x such that x is groundnuts, then how many cups of oil can be
+ve, then obtained by crushing 150 groundnuts?
a+x a a–x a
< and > . ü Solution
b+x b b–x b
a a No. of Groundnut No. of cups
If any ratio is given such that < 1 or a Case – I 50 1
b b
Case – II 150 y

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< b, and there is an integer x such that x is
+ve, then
Since no. of Groundnuts is more, then obviously
a+x a a–x a we’ll have more no. of cups of oil. So it is a clear
> and < .
b+x b b–x b case of Direct proportion.
50 150
=
Proportion 1 y
∴y = 3
A proportion is a statement of equality that exists between ∴ No. of cups obtained = 3.
two ratios.
Inverse Proportion
Example: 1 : 4 :: 2 : 8 is a proportion consisting of four
terms. The first and the last terms are called extremes, Two variables are inversely proportional, if they are so
and the second and the third terms are called the means. related that an increase in one variable results in
Direct Proportion corresponding decrease in the other, and a decrease in
one variable results in a corresponding increase in the
Two variables are directly proportional if their
other. In this case product of the two variable remains
corresponding values have constant ratio, if one quantity
same. Hence, for the case or iteration for two values of x
is multiplied or divided by the same number, the ratio of
the variables remains unchanged. to be x1 and x2 and the corresponding values of y to be
y1 and y2,
Suppose ‘x’ & ‘y’ are two variable under Direct proportion, then, x1y1 = x2y2
x
then their ratio remains constant. i.e = constant.
y

Fundamentals of Page : 35
Quantitative Aptitude – I
 ? Example 2. Compound partnership
If one man can build a shed in 12 days, then how If the money of the partners are invested for different
long will 4 men take to build the shed? intervals of time, the partnership is called compound.

ü Solution
? Example
No. of men No. of days
A, B and C enter into a partnership with an amount
Case – I 1 12
of <10,000 each. After 4 months, A invests an
Case – II 4 y
additional <2,000. Three months later, B invests
<4,000, and C at the same time withdraws <2,000.
Since no. of men are increasing, hence work will
The profit at the end of the year was<2,17,000.
be divided and it will take lesser no. of days. This
What are their respective shares if C is allowed
is a case of inverse proportion. Hence, the product
<2,000 as salary per month from profits at the end?
will remain constant.
4 × y = 1 × 12
ü Solution
∴y=3
So, it will take 3 days for 4 men to build the shed. A’s capital (monthly)
= 10000 × 4 + 12000 × 8 = <1,36,000
Partnership B’s capital (monthly)
= 10000 × 7 + 14000 × 5 = <1,40,000
C’s capital (monthly)

SAMPLE
When two or more persons invest their money in a joint
= 10000 × 7 + 8000 × 5 = <1,10,000
business, they are called partners and their
Ratio in which profits are to be shared
association is known as partnership.
= 68 : 70 : 55
Salary of C = 2000 × 12 = <24,000
Types of Partnership
193000 × 68
A’s share = = <68,000
1. Simple partnership 193
B’s share = <70,000

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If the money of the partners are invested for equal interval
C’s share = <55,000
of time, the partnership is called simple.

? Example Important Note:

A, B and C invested <1,000, <600 and <400 In the problems related to partnership, we
respectively to start a business. The profit is <200 always divide the profits in the proportion of
which is to be divided among A, B and C in the the capital invested by the partners unless
ratio of their capital invested. How much share some special conditions are given.
does each get?
Alligation
ü Solution
The word alligation means ‘linking’ and states that when
Ratios of investment of A, B and C different quantities of same or different ingredients of
= 1000 : 600 : 400 = 5 : 3 : 2 different value are mixed together to produce a mixture of
5 a mean value, the ratio of their quantities are inversely
A’s share of profit = × 200 = <100 proportional to the differences in their value from the mean
10
value.
3 This rule is also applicable in case of their cost prices.
B’s share of profit = × 200 = <60
10
Rule of Alligation
2
C’s share of profit = × 200 = <40
10 Quantity of cheaper CP of dearer – Mean Pr ice
=
Quantity of dearer Mean price – CP of cheaper

Page : 36 Fundamentals of
Quantitative Aptitude – I
It can also be represented as: ? Example
C .P. of unit C .P. of unit If the ages of five citizens in a club are 40, 45, 55,
qua ntity of qua ntity of
60 and 40 years respectively, then
cheap er (a) dea re r (b)
40 + 45 + 55 + 60 + 40
Average age =
5
240
= = 48 years.
5
But, suppose in the same club, 2 citizens are 40-
year-old, 3 of them are 45-year-old, 4 are 50-year-
old and 5 are 55-year-old, then their average is
{(2 × 40) + (3 × 45) + (4 × 50) + (5 × 55)}
(2 + 3 + 4 + 5)

Removal by equal amount 690

= years.
14
Consider a vessel containing only ingredient ‘x’. From
this ‘a’ units of ingredient is taken out and replaced by  2  3  4  5
an equal amount of ingredient ‘y’. This process is repeated Here,   ,   ,   and   are called the
 14   14   14   14 
‘n’ times, then after ‘n’ operations,

SAMPLE
n
weights of each category of citizens.
Amount of x left  x – a
= 
Amount of x originally present  x  Weights are the fraction of the numbers in that category
with respect to the total citizens in that club. This average
? Example
is also called the weighted average of the club.

A container contained 100 kg of milk. From this

container 10 kg of milk was taken out and replaced Solved Examples

CL Media
by water. This process was further repeated three
times. How much milk is now contained by the
container? ? Example 1
Express the following in ratios.
ü Solution (i) A and B are two students who got 175 and
Amount of liquid left after ‘n’ operations, when the 225 marks respectively. Find the ratio of their
container originally contains ‘a’ units of liquid from marks.
which ‘b’ units is taken out each time, is (ii) X got 105 marks out of 150, and Y got 175
n
marks out of 200. Express the ratio of marks
4
 a – b  100 –10  they got to their respective total marks in ratio.
a
 a 
units = 100  kg
 100 
ü Solution
9 9 9 9
= 100 × × × × = 65.61 kg
10 10 10 10 175 7
(i) = = 7:9
225 9
Average 105 175
(ii) : = 4:5
An average or an arithmetic mean is the sum of all 150 200
observations divided by the total number of observations.
Sum of all observations ? Example 2
Average =
Total number of observations If 5 kg of wheat flour is mixed with 500 g of sugar
extract, what is the ratio of sugar extract to the
rest of the mixture, after adding 1.5 kg of water?

Fundamentals of Page : 37
Quantitative Aptitude – I
 10 8
ü Solution >
13 11
We first need to convert all figures into one single
Therefore, Pompo’s strength increased in a greater
unit.
proportion as compared to Rompo’s strength.
Wheat flour = 5 kg; Water = 1.5 kg
Sugar extract = 500 g = 0.5 kg
? Example 6
Total weight of the mixture = 7 kg
Ratio of sugar extract to the rest of mixture Divide <1,000 between A and B in the ratio 7 : 3.
0.5
=
6.5
= 1 : 13 ü Solution
7 3
? Example 3 7 : 3 implies and of <1,000.
10 10
Ratio of a : b is same as that of b : c, all three are Therefore, A gets <700 and B gets <300
positive integers. If a = 10 and c = 40, find b.
? Example 7
ü Solution <1,150 is to be divided between A, B and C such
a : b = b : c (Same proportion) that the ratio of share of A to that of B is equal to
b×b=a×c 3 : 2 and the share of B to share of C is equal to
b × b = 400 3 : 4. Find their individual share?

SAMPLE
b = 400 = ± 20 . As it is +ve, so, b = 20.
ü Solution
? Example 4 3 3
Here A : B = 3 : 2 = and B : C = 3 : 4 =
What must be subtracted from the numerator and 2 4
6 [We take the LCM of the values of the common
denominator of fraction to give a fraction equal term {B over here}
7
e.g. LCM of 2 and 3 is 6

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16
to ? So A : B = 3 : 2 = 9 : 6 and
21 B:C=3:4=6:8
Therefore, A : B : C = 9 : 6 : 8
ü Solution 1150 can be divided between them as follows,
Let the number to be subtracted be x. 1150 × 9
A’s share = = <450
6 – x 16 23
= ;
7 – x 21 1150 × 6
B’s share = = <300;
On solving, we get x = 2.8 23
1150 × 8
? Example 5 C’s share = = <400
23
Pompo and Rompo are two countries engaged in
a war. Pompo possesses 8 tanks and Rompo ? Example 8
possesses 11 tanks. They get external support Which is the greatest among the following fraction?
from neighbouring countries, of two tanks each.
13 15 11 12
Which of the two countries is supposed to have a , , and
11 13 9 10
relatively greater increase in strength?
ü Solution
ü Solution
Difference in the numerator and denominator is
Pompo’s strength : Rompo’s strength (initial)
2 in each case. Also, the fractions are all more
= 8 : 11.
Pompo’s strength : Rompo’s strength (after aid 11
than 1. Therefore, the greatest fraction is .
received) = 10 : 13. 9

Page : 38 Fundamentals of
Quantitative Aptitude – I
? Example 9 ? Example 11
Which of the following is the smallest among Ram, Sham and Pran share profits in the ratio
following fraction? 12 : 1 : 5. If Pran’s share is <12,500, what is the
14 57 49 3 profit of the firm?
, , ,
25 100 86 5
ü Solution
ü Solution
One way of solving such a problem is to convert 5
Pran’s share = 12500 = of total profit.
each into decimals and then compare. 18
Another way is to either equalize the numerator 12500 × 18
or denominator of every two fractions that are ∴ Total profit = = <45,000
5
being compared.

a c ? Example 12
Suppose we have and to be compared.
b d
<1,59,000 is to be divided in the ratio 5 : 3 : 3
If a = c, then the fraction with the higher value of among A, B and C such that a certain sum of
denominator is smaller. <5,000 from the total is divided in the ratio
If b = d, then the fraction with the lower value of 2 : 3 between A and B before such division is made.
numerator is smaller. What are the shares of A and B?

SAMPLE
14 57 14 56 57
Comparing with , = < . ü Solution
25 100 25 100 100
57 <5,000 is to be divided between A and B in ratio
So, is eliminated.
100 2 : 3.
14 49 14 98 A’s share = <2,000, and B’s share = <3,000.
Now comparing with , = and Amount left is <1,54,000 and to be divided in the
25 86 25 175
ratio 5 : 3 : 3.

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49 98 49 14 5
= . So, is eliminated. Comparing A’s share = × 1,54,000 = <70,000
86 172 86 25 11
3 3 15 14 3
with , = > . B’s share = × 1,54,000 = <42,000
5 5 25 25 11
3
14 C’s share = × 1,54,000 = <42,000
So, is the smallest. 11
25
A’s total share = <72,000 and B’s total share
= <45,000.
? Example 10
? Example 13
A, B and C are to be given monthly allowance in
year 1996 in the ratio 5 : 3 : 1. If C’s share of such Speed of car ‘A’ is twice that of truck ‘B’. Both
allowance is <1,000, how much did A get for the start from a point A to point Y. If ‘B’ took 3 hr more
year ended in December 31, 1996. than ‘A’, what is the time taken by ‘B’?

ü Solution ü Solution
Since distance is constant, speed and time are
C’s share = <1,000
inversely proportional.
A’s share : C’s share = 5 : 1 Therefore, if ratio of speeds of ‘A’ and ‘B’ = 2 : 1,
Therefore, A’s share (monthly) = <5,000 ratio of time taken by ‘A’ and ‘B’ = 1 : 2.
A’s share for whole year = 5000 × 12 = <60,000 Let’s assume the time taken by ‘A’ be X and by
‘B’ be 2X.

Fundamentals of Page : 39
Quantitative Aptitude – I
 2X – X = 3
4 3
⇒X =3 = × of A’s income = 2(A’s income).
3 2
∴ Time taken by B = 6 hr.
∴ Required percentage = 200%.
? Example 14
? Example 17
Divide 156 in four parts in continuous proportion
such that the ratio of sum of first and third part to In an election there are only 2 candidates,
the sum of second and fourth part is 1 : 5. A and B. A got 59% and won by a majority of 144
votes. What is the total number of votes?
ü Solution
ü Solution
Continuous proportion means that ratio is in a
geometric progression, i.e. a ratio which is like A got 59%. Therefore, B got 41%.
a : ad : ad2 : ad3 ... is a continuous proportion. Difference = 59 – 41 = 18%
If (a + ad2) : (ad + ad3) = 1 : 5 18% = 144 votes
⇒ a(1 + d2) : ad(1 + d2) = 1 : 5 144
⇒1:d=1:5 Therefore, total votes = × 100
18
⇒ d = 5.Ratio
= 800 votes.
⇒ a : 5a : 25a : 125a
⇒ a + 5a + 25a + 125a = 156
? Example 18
⇒ 156a = 156

SAMPLE
⇒a=1 Out of an inheritance of <80,000, Anil invested
Therefore, four parts are 1, 5, 25 and 125. <26,000 in shares, 30% of total in land and
deposited the rest in 10% fixed deposit for
? Example 15 2 years. What is the gain from the fixed deposit
after 2 years?
Two solutions contain alcohol and water in the ratio
3 : 2 and 5 : 3. If the two solutions are mixed in
ü Solution

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equal quantities, what is the ratio of alcohol to
water in the resulting solution? Amount in fixed deposit
30
ü Solution = 80000 – 26000 – × 80000 = <30,000
100
Required ratio of alcohol to water 2
 10 
Amount after 2 years = 30000 ×  1 +
 3 5
 +  49  100 
5 8 = <36,300
= =
 2 3  31 Interest = 36,300 – 30,000 = <6,300
 + 
5 8
? Example 19
? Example 16
A man has certain number of potatoes out of which
3 13% were bad, 75% of the rest were sold and he
B’s income is of A’s income and 75% of C’s was left with 261. How many potatoes did he have
2
initially?
income. What is C’s income as a percentage of
A’s income?
ü Solution
ü Solution Let’s assume that he had P potatoes initially.
Then Number of fresh potatoes = 100 – 13
3 = 87% and
B’s income = of A’s income.
2 Number of unsold potatoes = 25% of 87% of initial
4 number potatoes
C’s income = of B’s income
3

Page : 40 Fundamentals of
Quantitative Aptitude – I
  87 25  7
100 × 100  × P = 261 So, money left with him, after losing =
8
of x and
 
⇒ P = 1200 7
Money left after spending = 30% of of x
8
? Example 20
30 7 3×7
⇒ × × x = 210 ⇒ × x = 210
A man lost 12.5% of his money. After spending 100 8 80
70% of the remainder, he has <210 left with him.
21
How much did he have at the beginning? ⇒ × x = 210 ⇒ x = < 800
80

ü Solution
Let ‘x’ be the actual amount of money.
1
Now, 12.5% =
8

?
My Doubts

SAMPLE
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Fundamentals of Page : 41
Quantitative Aptitude – I
 Practice Exercise
1. If A : B = 3 : 7 and the sum of A and B is 45. Find C’s part are equal. Then B’s part is
the value of B. (a) <1,080 (b) <960
(a) 28 (b) 33.5 (c) <1,720 (d) <1,540
(c) 31.5 (d) 36
10. In the above question, what is the ratio of A’s share
3 1 to the difference of B and C’s share?
2. A fraction bears the same ratio to as to (a) 2 : 9 (b) 2 : 5
7 27
1 (c) 4 : 5 (d) 2 : 3
. The fraction is
35
11. Two numbers are in the ratio 5 : 3. If 9 is subtracted
4 1
(a) (b) from both of them, they will be in the ratio 23 : 12.
9 3 The first number is
3 5 (a) 45 (b) 65
(c) (d)
5 9 (c) 55 (d) None of these

3. Mean proportion between 8 and 72 is 12. If ratio of A’s money to B’s is 4 : 5 and B’s money
(a) 24 (b) 40 to C’s is 2 : 3, and A has <800, then the total
(c) 16 (d) 32

SAMPLE
money of A, B, and C is
(a) <2,790 (b) <3,000
4. Fourth proportional to 3, 15 and 27 is (c) <3,300 (d) <3,620
(a) 39 (b) 45
(c) 81 (d) 135 13. If 4x = 3y = 2z, then x : y : z is
(a) 4 : 3 : 2 (b) 2 : 3 : 4
5. Third proportional to 20 and 30 is (c) 3 : 4 : 2 (d) 3 : 4 : 6
(a) 40 (b) 45

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(c) 60 (d) 50 14. If 68 is divided into two parts such that 7th part of
the first is equal to 10th part of the second. The
6. A, B and C join a partnership contributing first part is
<2,000, <1,500 and <1,250 respectively. What is (a) 7 (b) 22
A’s share in a total profit of <3,610? (c) 28 (d) 32
(a) <1,500 (b) <1,520
(c) <1,870 (d) <2,290 15. <6,800 is to be divided among A, B and C such
that A gets two-thirds of what B gets, and B gets
7. A starts a business with <4,000. B joins him after one-fourth of what C gets. Find B’s share?
3 months with <8,000. C puts a sum of <12,000 in (a) <1,200 (b) <800
the business for 2 months only. At the end of the (c) <1,000 (d) <1,600
year the business gave a profit of <5,200. Find the
share of B. 16. <9,700 has been divided among X, Y and Z such
(a) <1,500 (b) <2,000 that if their shares are reduced by <30, <20 and
(c) <2,600 (d) <4,000 <50, the balance is in the ratio 3 : 4 : 5. What
is Y’s share?
8. If ratio of shares of X and Y is 2 : 7, what is the (a) <3,180 (b) <3,220
ratio of X’s share to the difference between Y’s (c) <3,253.33 (d) <3,200
and X’s shares?
(a) 2 : 7 (b) 4 : 12 17. The sum of <530 is divided among A, B and C
(c) 2 : 5 (d) 2 : 9 such that A gets <70 more than B, and B gets <80
more than C. The ratio of A and C is
9. <3,960 is divided among A, B and C such that half (a) 25 : 18 (b) 18 : 10
of A’s part, one-third of B’s part and one-sixth of (c) 5 : 9 (d) 5 : 2
Page : 42 Fundamentals of
Quantitative Aptitude – I
18. In a ratio equal to 4 : 9, the antecedent is 36. The 26. Four years ago, father’s age was six times that of
consequent is his son. 12 years from now, father’s age will be
(a) 81 (b) 16 twice that of the son. The present ratio of ages of
(c) 72 (d) None of these father and son is
(a) 6 : 1 (b) 7 : 1
19. An amount is distributed amongst A, B and C such (c) 8 : 2 (d) 7 : 2
that A gets half that of B and B gets twice that of
C. What is the ratio of B to that of the sum of A
a b c (a + b + c)
and B. 27. If = = , then is
3 4 7 c
(a) 2 : 5 (b) 2 : 3
(c) 3 : 2 (d) 4 : 3 (a) 7 (b) 2
1 1
20. A bag contains <600 in the form of one-rupee, (c) (d)
2 7
50-paisa and 25-paisa coins in the ratio 3 : 4 :
12. The number of 25-paisa coins is
28. Two whole numbers whose sum is 84 cannot be
(a) 600 (b) 900
in the ratio
(c) 1,200 (d) 1,376
(a) 9 : 3 (b) 3 : 5
(c) 19 : 2 (d) 5 : 7
21. In a mixture of 180 L, the ratio of milk and water is
2 : 1. If the ratio of milk and water is to be 1 : 2,
29. If 0.35 of a number is equal to 0.07 of another
the water to be added is (in L)

SAMPLE
number, the ratio of the number is
(a) 80 L (b) 90 L
(a) 1 : 2 (b) 2 : 1
(c) 120 L (d) 180 L
(c) 1 : 5 (d) 1 : 4
22. In a mixture of 100 L, the ratio of milk and water is
30. Two alloys containing copper and iron in the ratios
3 : 1. If 200 L of water is added in the mixture,
5 : 8 and 5 : 3 are melted in equal quantities. The
what is the new ratio of milk and water?
ratio of iron to copper in the resulting alloy is
(a) 1 : 3 (b) 3 : 1
(a) 103 : 105 (b) 15 : 24

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(c) 2 : 5 (d) None of these
(c) 3 : 8 (d) 105 : 103
23. Out of a class of 500, boys and girls are equal. In
31. 80 L of a mixture of milk and water is in the ratio 5
new batch, one-fifth of the girls left the class and
: 3. If 16 L of this mixture is replaced by 16 L of
25 boys joined in. What is the ratio of boys and
milk, ratio of milk and water becomes
girls now?
(a) 2 : 1 (b) 6 : 3
(a) 3 : 2 (b) 12 : 7
(c) 7 : 3 (d) 8 : 3
(c) 11 : 8 (d) 9 : 8
32. The ratio of copper and zinc in a brass piece is 13
24. The population of a country increased by
: 7. How much copper will be there in 500 kg of
one-tenth and then decreased by one-tenth in two
such alloy?
successive years. If the original population was
(a) 300 kg (b) 325 kg
15,000, what would be the population after
(c) 175 kg (d) 150 kg
2 years?
(a) 14,550 (b) 15,000
33. A, B and C join a partnership. A invested <16,000
(c) 14,850 (d) 16,270
2
for 6 months, B invested <12,000 for year and
25. The ages of a man and his son are in the ratio 3
7 : 2. After 15 years, they would be in the ratio C invested <1,000 for 12 months. Their profit
2 : 1. The father’s age, when the son was born, sharing ratio is
was (a) 8 : 7 : 10 (b) 10 : 8 : 7
(a) 25 years (b) 30 years (c) 6 : 8 : 12 (d) None of these
(c) 35 years (d) 42 years

Fundamentals of Page : 43
Quantitative Aptitude – I
34. A sum of money is divided among A, B and C 42. A, B and C invested in a partnership with a ratio of
such that for each rupee that A gets, B gets 65 8 : 7 : 5. A withdraws half of her money after 5
paise and C gets 35 paise. If C’s share is <560, months. If the profit was <26,500 for the year, then
the sum is B’s share is
(a) <2,400 (b) <2,800 (a) <9,800 (b) <10,200
(c) <3,200 (d) <3,600 (c) <10,500 (d) <12,600

35. A ratio of two numbers is 2 : 3. What is the ratio of 43. The prices of a bicycle and a rickshaw are in
their squares, if the two numbers have a difference the ratio 5 : 4. If the bicycle costs <800 more
of 12? than the rickshaw, the price of the rickshaw is
(a) 2 : 3 (b) 12 : 24 (a) <800 (b) <3,200
(c) 9 : 16 (d) 4 : 9 (c) <4,000 (d) <2,400

36. The cost of providing a product are labour, material 44. If A : B :: 5 : 2, the value of 8A + 9B : 8A + 2B is
and overheads in the ratio 5 : 7 : 3. If the profit is (a) 26 : 16 (b) 61 : 26
calculated as 20% on costs, the ratio of material (c) 29 : 22 (d) 22 : 29
costs to profit is
(a) 5 : 2 (b) 7 : 3 45. If 1 L water is added to 5 L of a 20% solution of
(c) 3 : 5 (d) 11 : 9 sugar in water, what is the strength of the solution
now?
37. <11,250 is divided among A, B and C so that A (a) 16.67% (b) 10%

SAMPLE
receives half as much as B and C together receive; (c) 8.33% (d) 12.67%
B receives one-fourth of what A and C receive
together. The share of A is more than that of B by 46. The price of oil is increased by 25%. If the
(a) <1,500 (b) <3,000 expenditure is not allowed to increase, the ratio of
(c) <1,550 (d) <3,200 reduction in consumption to regular consumption
is
38. The ratio of boys and girls in a class of 72 is 7 : 5. (a) 1 : 3 (b) 1 : 4

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How many more girls should be admitted to make (c) 1 : 5 (d) 1 : 6
equal number of boys and girls?
(a) 9 (b) 12 47. Three year ago the average age of Abhishek and
(c) 220 (d) 240 Aishwarya was 25 year. Now they have a one year
old child. The average age of the family at present
39. The biggest of three positive numbers that are in is:
the ratio 2 : 3 : 5 and the sum of their squares is (a) 25 years (b) 17 years
608, is (c) 19 years (d) 28 years
(a) 8 (b) 12
(c) 16 (d) 20 48. In an ODI cricket match the run rate was only 4.2
in the first 20 overs. What should be the run rate
40. In a mixture of 28 L, the ratio of milk and water is in the remaining 30 overs to reach the target of
2 : 5. If 2 L of milk is added and 5 L of water is 312 runs?
removed, the new ratio is (a) 7.6 (b) 7.2
(a) 9 : 20 (b) 1 : 4 (c) 8 (d) 7.5
(c) 3 : 2 (d) 2 : 3
49. A family consists of six members A, B, C, D, E
41. The incomes of A and B are in the ratio 3 : 2 and and F. The average age of A and B is
their expenses are in the ratio 5 : 3. If each one 60 years, that of C and D is 38 years and that of E
saves <3,000, then B’s income is and F is 10 years. What is the average age of the
(a) <12,000 (b) <6,000 family?
(c) <9,000 (d) <15,000 (a) 38 years (b) 42 years
(c) 32 years (d) 36 years

Page : 44 Fundamentals of
Quantitative Aptitude – I
50. A shopkeeper has made a sale of <6,135, <7,227, 54. A library has an average of 720 visitors on Sundays
<6,755, <7,430 and <6,462 for 5 consecutive days. and 450 on each of other days of the week. The
How much sale must he have to make on the sixth average number of visitors per day in a month of
day in order to manage an average sales of <6600 30 days beginning with Sunday is:
over the given six days. (a) 500 (b) 495
(a) <4991 (b) <6054 (c) 590 (d) 490
(c) <5591 (d) None of these
55. In a cricket match the run rate was only 4.5 in
51. The average of 50 numbers is zero. How many of the first 24 overs. What must be the run scored in
them, at the most, can be greater than zero? the remaining 30 overs to reach the overall run
(a) 49 (b) 25 rate of 6?
(c) 0 (d) 24 (a) 182 (b) 218
(c) 212 (d) 192
52. The average weight of 10 persons increases by 2
kg when a new person comes in place of one of 56. A student's marks were wrongly entered as
them of weight 56 kg. The weight of the new person 83 instead of 38. Due to that the average marks
is for the class got increased by 0.3. The number of
(a) 66 kg (b) 76 kg students in the class is:
(c) 72 kg (d) 36 kg (a) 100 (b) 90
(c) 150 (d) 200
53. The average monthly income of Ram and Rahim

SAMPLE
is <4,500. The average monthly income of Rahim
and Salim is <5,500 and the average monthly
income of Ram and Salim is <5,100. The monthly
income of Ram is
(a) <4,100 (b) <4,000
(c) <4,500 (d) <5,100

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?
My Doubts

Fundamentals of Page : 45
Quantitative Aptitude – I
6 Time, Speed, Distance and
Time & Work
Time, Speed and Distance is a second train coming from the opposite direction on
the parallel track, then it seems that the second train is
This section consists of problems on calculating speed, moving much faster than actual. If both the trains are
distance, time, head start and relative speed, etc. moving in the same direction on parallel tracks at same
speeds, they seem to be stationary if seen from one of
Concepts these trains, even though they might actually be at a
speed of 100 km/hr each. So what you actually observe
1. Distance = Speed × Time
is your speed relative to the other.
5
2. 1 km/hr = m/sec
18 Concepts
3. If the ratio of speed is a : b : c, then the ratio of 1. If two objects are moving in opposite directions
towards each other or away from each other on a

SAMPLE
1 1 1
time taken is : : . straight-line at speeds u and v, then they seem to be
a b c
moving towards each other or away from each other
at a relative speed = Speed of first + Speed of second
Speed is a relation between time and distance.
= u + v.
S ∝ D , i.e. if speed is doubled, distance covered in a This is also the speed at which they are moving
1 towards each other or the speed at which they may
given time also gets doubled and S∝ , i.e. if speed is be moving away from each other.

CL Media
T
2. If the two objects move in the same direction with
doubled, time taken to cover the distance will be half. speeds u and v, then
relative speed = difference of their speeds
Average speed = u – v.
This is also the speed at which the faster object is
Total dis tan ce travelled
Average speed is defined as . either moving closer to the slower object or moving
Total time taken
away from the slower object as the case may be.
Suppose, a man covers a distance d1 kms at s1 km/hr 3. If two objects start from A and B with speeds u and v
and a distance d2 kms at s2 km/hr, then respectively, and after crossing each other, take a
d1 + d2 and b hours to reach B and A respectively, then u : v
Average speed of the entiry journey = km / hr.
d1 d2 b.
+ =
s1 s2 a
If the distances are equal, then
Trains
d+d 2s1s2
Average speed = = km/hr .
d d s1 + s2 Train crossing a pole or a man :
+
s1 s2
Relative speed
If two bodies are moving (in the same direction or in the
Time taken by a train to cross a pole or a man is given by
opposite direction), then the speed of one body with
the ratio of length of the train to its speed.
respect to the other is called its relative speed.
Relative speed is a phenomenon that we observe Length of the train
∴ Time taken =
everyday. Suppose you are travelling in a train and there Speed of the train

Page : 46 Fundamentals of
Quantitative Aptitude – I
Train crossing a bridge or a platform: There are two parameters in these problems :
1. Speed of the river (R): This is the speed with which
the river flows.
2. Speed of the boat in still water (B): If the river is
still, this is the speed at which the boat would be
The distance covered in the time taken to cross a bridge moving.
or a platform will be equal to the sum of the length of the The effective speed of a boat in upstream
train and the length of the bridge or a platform being =B–R
crossed. The effective speed of a boat in downstream
∴ Time taken to cross a bridge or a platform =B+R
3. The speed of the boat in still water is given as B
Length of the train + length of the bridge or a platform
= 1
Speed of the train = (d + u) , and the speed of the river
2

Train crossing another train: 1

R= (d − u) ,
2
In the same direction : where d and u are the downstream and upstream
l1 speeds, respectively.
l2 S1
l1 Circular motion
S2

SAMPLE
S1 l2 The problems on circular motion deal with races on a
S2 circular track to calculate the time of meeting at the
starting point and anywhere on the track.
Sum of lengths of the trains
∴ Time taken =
Relative speed of the trains Concepts
1. If two people A and B start from the same point, at
l1 + l2
= the same time and move in the same direction
S2 − S1

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along a circular track and take x minutes and y
minutes respectively to come back to the starting
In the opposite direction : point, then they would meet for the first time at the
l1 starting point according to the formula given below:
S1 First time meeting of A and B at the starting point
l2
= (LCM of x and y)
S2
l1 Notes:
S1
l2 This formula would remain the same even if
S2 they move in the opposite directions.

Sum of lengths of the trains 2. If two people A and B start from the same point
∴ Time taken =
Sum of the speeds of the trains with speeds m km/hr and n km/hr respectively, at
the same time and move in the same direction
l1 + l2
= along a circular track, then the two would meet for
S1 + S2 the first time by the formula given below:
Time of the first meeting
Boats and Streams Circumference of the track
= .
Relative speed
Downstream and Upstream Motion
Downstream motion of a boat is its motion in the same Time and Work
direction as the flow of the river.
Upstream motion is exactly the opposite. The Time and work topic involves problems on time taken
to do a certain job by certain number of workers; the

Fundamentals of Page : 47
Quantitative Aptitude – I
change in the number of hours required to do a job if the In general, we can say that,
number of workers is changed; the number of hours
required to do the same job by different number of workers If ‘w 1 ’ work is done by ‘m 1 ’ men working ‘h 1 ’
if their speeds are different, etc. hours per day in ‘d1’ days and ‘w2’ work is done by
w = n × h × d = constant ‘m2’ men working ‘h2’ hours per day in ‘d2’ days, then
where, w : Work m1 d1 h1 m2 d2 h2
n : Number of men =
w1 w2
h : Number of hours
d : Number of days
Generally, the following types of questions are asked in the examination.

Type of question Example Approach to question

1. Calculate the time taken by two A can complete a piece of work in X×Y
persons working together to 10 days which B alone can complete T = X + Y , where X and Y are the
finish a work. in 12 days. In how many days can time taken by A and B individually.
both complete it if they work together?
10 × 12 120 5
T= = =5 days
10 + 12 22 11

2. If A and B can finish a work in X Two persons A and B working together X × Y 12 × 8 96

T= = = = 24 hrs
days and A alone can complete can dig a trench in 8 hrs while. A alone Y – X 12 – 8

SAMPLE
4
it in Y days, find the time taken can dig it in 12 hrs. In how many hours
by B alone. can B alone dig the trench?

3. If one person is m times as good m×l 3 × 60 180

A is thrice as good as B and takes 60 T =
2 = =
as another worker and takes n days less than B for completing a job. m – 1 9 –1 8
day less than the other person, Find the time taken by them if they 45
in how many days can they work together. = days = 22.5 days
2

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together finish the work?
4. One pipe can fill in a cistern in A tap can fill in a cistern in 30 min T1 × T2
T1 min and another pipe in T2 and another can fill it in T = T + T , where T1 and T2 are the
1 2
min. If both the pipes are 40 min. If both the taps are opened
opened together, find the time simultaneously, find the time taken to time taken by each pipe individually.
taken by them to fill in the fill the cistern completely. 30 × 40 1200 1
cistern. = = = 17 min
30 + 40 70 7

5. One pipe can fill in a cistern in A cistern is filled in by a pipe A in T = T1 × T2 , where T and T are the
T1 min and another pipe can T2 – T1 1 2
10 hr and emptied by a pipe B in
empty it in T2 min. If both the 12 hr. If both the pipes are opened time taken by each pipe individually
pipes are opened together, find together, in how much time will the to fill and empty the cistern respectively.
the time taken to fill in the cistern be full?
cistern. 10 × 12 120
= = = 60 hrs
12 – 10 2

 T
6. A cistern takes T1 min to be Two pipes can fill in a cistern in T = T1 ×  1 + 1  , where T1 is the
filled by the filling pipes, but 14 hrs and 16 hrs respectively. The  x
takes x extra min to fill in due pipes are opened simultaneously. time taken to fill in the cistern and x
to a leakage in the cistern. Find Due to a leakage in the bottom of the is the extra time taken due to a
out the time, in which the leak cistern, 32 min extra are required to leakage.
will empty the cistern. fill the cistern. If the cistern is full, in 112  112 × 60 
T is equal to 1 + 
what time will the leak empty it? 15  15 × 32 
= 112 hrs.

Page : 48 Fundamentals of
Quantitative Aptitude – I
 Concepts  1 2
Remaining work =  1–  =
1. If A can do a piece of work in 10 days, then in  3 3
1 1
1 day, A will do of the total work. 3 men’s 1 day’s work =
10 6
2. If A is thrice as good as B, then 1
6 men’s 1 day’s work =
(a) In a given amount of time, A will be able to do 3
3 times the work B does. 2  3 × 2
Ratio of work done by A and B (in the same work is done by them in   = 2 days.
3 3 
time) = 3 : 1.
(b) For the same amount of work, B will take thrice
Alternative method:
the time as much as A takes.
After two days, only four days’ work remains.
Ratio of time taken by A and B (same work
If 3 more men join the existing 3 men, work will be
done) = 1 : 3.
completed in half the time.
3. Efficiency is directly proportional to the work done
Therefore, the work is completed in 2 days.
and inversely proportional to the time taken.

Pipes and Cisterns ? Example

A and B undertake a piece of work for <600.
This consists of problems on how long it will take for A alone can complete it in 6 days, while B alone
different pipes of different diameters to fill a cistern; the can complete it in 8 days. With the help of C,

SAMPLE
time taken to fill a cistern when one pipe is filling it while they finish it in 3 days. Find B’s share.
another empties it, etc.

Concepts ü Solution
1. If a pipe can fill a tank in x hours and another pipe 1  1 1 1
C’s 1 day’s work = –  +  =
can fill it in y hours, then the fraction of tank filled by 3  6 8  24
1 1 x+y Ratio of work done in 1 day for A : B : C
+ =

CL Media
both pipes together in 1 hour = . 1 1 1
x y xy = : : = 4 : 3 :1
6 8 24
Or, time required to fill the tank by both the pipes
xy  600 × 3 
B’s share = <   = < 225
= . 8 
x+y

2. If a pipe can fill a tank in x hours and another Alternative method:

pipe can empty it in y hours, then the fraction of Let the total work be LCM (6, 8, 3) = 24 units.
tank filled by both the pipes together in 1 hour They finished the total work in 3 days.
1 1 y–x Therefore, (A + B + C)’s 1 day’s work
= – = . = 8 units. A’s 1 day’s work = 4 units.
x y xy
B’s 1 day’s work = 3 units.
Hence, C’s 1 day’s work = 8 – 7 = 1 unit.
Solved Examples Ratio of work done in 1 day for A : B : C = 4 : 3 : 1

? Example  600 × 3 
B’s share = <   = < 225
Three men can complete a piece of work in 6 days. 8 
Two days after they start, 3 more men join them.
How many days will they take to complete the ? Example
remaining work? Two men and 3 boys can complete a piece of work
in 10 days while 3 men and 2 boys can complete
ü Solution the same work in 8 days. In how many days can
1 1 2 men and 1 boy complete the same work?
Work done by 3 men in 2 days = ×2=
6 3

Fundamentals of Page : 49
Quantitative Aptitude – I
 (2 men + 1 boy’s) 1 day’s work
ü Solution
 7 2  16
Let 1 man’s 1 day’s work be x. =  2 × + 1×  = units.
 5 5 5
Let 1 boy’s 1 day’s work be y.
1 1 Number of days taken to complete the work
2x + 3y = and 3x + 2y = 5 25
10 8 = 40 × = days = 12.5 days.
16 2
7 1
On solving, we get x = and y =
200 100
(2 men + 1 boy’s) 1 day’s work Solved Examples
7 1 16 2
= 2× + 1× = = ? Example 1
200 100 200 25
Three men can complete a piece of work in 6 days.
25
Thus, 2 men and 1 boy can finish the work in Two days after they start, 3 more men joined them.
2
How many days will they take to complete the
days. remaining work?
Or
Alternative method 1: ü Solution
Two men and three boys can complete a piece of
work in 10 days. 1 1
Work done by 3 men in 2 days = ×2=
Hence, in one day, the number of men and boys

SAMPLE
6 3
required = (2m + 3b) × 10.
 1 2
Similarly, if three men and two boys can complete Remaining work =  1–  =
 3 3
a piece of work in 8 days, then in one day the
number of men and boys required = (3m + 2b) × 8. 1
Hence, equating both, we get 3 men’s 1 day work = .
6
(2m + 3b) × 10 = (3m + 2b) × 8. 1
⇒ 20m + 30b = 24m + 16b 6 men’s 1 day work = .

CL Media
3
⇒ 4m = 14b
2  3 × 2
work is done by them in 
 3 
7 = 2 days.
⇒m= b 3
2
7 Alternative method:
Now, 2m + 3b = 2 × b + 3b = 10 b. After 2 days, only 4 days’ work remains. If 3 more
2
men join the existing 3 men, work will be completed
7
New requirement is 2m + 1b = 2 × b + 1b = 8 b in half of the time. Therefore, the work is completed
2
in 2 days.
By unitary method,

10 b 10 d ays ? Example 2
8b ? A and B undertake to do a piece of work for <600.
10 A alone can do it in 6 days, while B alone can do
10 × = 1 2.5 days.
8 it in 8 days. With the help of C, they finish in
3 days. Find B’s share.
Alternative method 2
Let the total work be LCM (10, 8) = 40 units. ü Solution
Let 1 man’s 1 day’s work be x.
Let 1 boy’s 1 day’s work be y. 1  1 1 1
C’s 1 day work = − +  = .
2x + 3y = 4 and 3x + 2y = 5 3  6 8  24
7 2 Ratio of work done in 1 day for A, B and C
On solving, we get x = and y =
5 5 1 1 1
= : : = 4 : 3 :1
6 8 24

Page : 50 Fundamentals of
Quantitative Aptitude – I
  600 × 3  ? Example 4
B’s share = <   = <225
8  A fort of 60 men has food for 28 days. 8 days later
reinforcements arrive, leaving the number of days
Alternative method: the food would last for 15 days. What was the
Let the total work be LCM (6, 8, 3) = 24 units. strength of the reinforcement?
They finished the total work in 3 days.
Therefore, (A + B + C)’s 1 day work = 8 units.
ü Solution
A’s 1 day work = 4 units.
B’s 1 day work = 3 units. Originally, the food would have lasted for 28 days.
Hence, C’s 1 day work = 8 – 7 = 1 unit. After 8 days the food would have lasted for 20 days.
Let the reinforcement number be x.
3
B’s share = × 600 = <225 The food that would have been consumed by
8 60 men in 20 days, was consumed by
(60 + x) men in 15 days.
? Example 3 60 × 20 = (60 + x)15
⇒ x = 20.
Two men and 3 boys can do a piece of work in
∴ The strength of the reinforcement was 20 men.
10 days, while 3 men and 2 boys can do the same
work in 8 days. In how many days can 2 men and
? Example 5
1 boy do the work?
Two pipes A and B can fill a tank in 24 min and

SAMPLE
ü Solution 32 min respectively. If both pipes are opened
Let 1 man’s 1 day work = x. simultaneously, after how much time should pipe
Let 1 boy’s 1 day work = y. B be closed such that the tank is full in 18 min?

2x + 3y =
1
and 3x + 2y =
1 ü Solution
10 8
Let B be closed after x minutes.
7 1 Part filled by (A + B) in x min + Part filled by A in

CL Media
On solving we get, x = and y = . (18 – x) min = 1
200 100
(2 men + 1 boy)’s 1 day work  1 1 1
Thus, x ×  +  + (18 − x) =1
7 1 16 2  24 32  24
= 2× + 1× = = .
200 100 200 25 Solving for x, x = 8.
Thus, 2 men and 1 boy can finish the work in Hence, B must be closed after 8 min.
25 Alternative method:
days.
2 Let B be closed after x minutes.
Let the total capacity be LCM (24, 32) = 96 units.
Alternative method:
In 1 min, A can fill 4 units and B can fill 3 units.
Let the total work be LCM (10, 8) = 40 units.
7x + 4(18 – x) = 96. Solving for x, x = 8 min.
Let 1 man’s 1 day work = x.
Hence, B must be closed after 8 min.
Let 1 boy’s 1 day work = y.
2x + 3y = 4 and 3x + 2y = 5
? Example 6
7 2
On solving, we get x = and y = . Two pipes A and B can fill a tank in 36 min and
5 5
(2 men + 1 boy)’s 1 day work 45 min respectively. Pipe C can empty it in 30
min. A and B are opened and after 7 min C is also
 7 2  16
=  2 × + 1×  = units. opened. In how much time will the tank be full?
 5 5 5
Number of days taken to do the work ü Solution
5 25  1 1 7
= 40 × = days. Part filled in 7 min = 7 ×  +  = 20
16 2  36 45 

Fundamentals of Page : 51
Quantitative Aptitude – I
 7 13 ? Example 9
Remaining part = 1 − =
20 20 A man starts from L to M, another from M
Net part filled in 1 min when A, B and C are opened to L at the same time. After passing each other,
1 1 1 1
= + − = . they complete their journey in 3
1 4
hr and 4 hr
36 45 30 60 3 5
13 13 respectively. Find the speed of the second man if
part is filled in 60 × = 39 min. the speed of the first is 24 km/hr.
20 20
Total time taken to fill the tank = (39 + 7) = 46 min.
ü Solution
Alternative method:
Speed of the first man : Speed of the second man
Let the capacity be LCM (36, 45, 30) = 180 units.
In 1 min, A fills 5 units, B fills 4 units, C empties b 24 3 36 6
= × = =
6 units. a 5 10 25 5
In 7 min, A and B fill (5 + 4) × 7 = 63 units. where ‘a’ and ‘b’ are the time taken by the first
After 7 min, A and B fill 9 units and C empties and the second man after passing each other.
6 units. 5
Effectively, only 3 units are retained in 1 min. Thus, the second man’s speed = × 24
6
Tank to be filled = 180 – 63 = 117 units. = 20 km/hr.
117

SAMPLE
Time taken = = 39 min.
3 ? Example 10
Total time taken = (7 + 39) = 46 min.
Two cyclists cover the same distance with speeds
15 km/hr and 16 km/hr respectively. Find the
? Example 7
distance travelled by each, if one takes 16 min
A scooterist covers a certain distance at 36 km/hr. longer than the other takes.
How many metres does he cover in 3 min?
ü Solution

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ü Solution Let the required distance be x kilometres.
5 x x 16
Speed = 36 km/hr = 36 × × m/s = 10 m/s. − =
18 15 16 60
Thus, distance covered in 3 min ⇒ 16x − 15x = 64 ⇒ x = 64.
= (10 × 3 × 60) = 1,800 m.
Hence, the required distance = 64 km.

? Example 8
? Example 11
3 1 A thief is spotted by a policeman at a distance of
Walking at of his usual speed a man is 1 hr 200 m. If the speed of the thief be 10 km/hr and
4 2
late. Find his usual travel time. that of the policeman be 12 km/hr, at what
distance will the policeman catch the thief?
ü Solution
ü Solution
Let the usual time be t hours.
Relative speed of the policeman = 2 km/hr.
4 3
× t = t + ⇒ t = 4.5 hr Time taken by the policeman to cover 200 m
3 2
200 1 1
Alternative method: = × hr = hr.
1000 2 2
3s  3  In this time the thief covers a distance
st =  t +  ⇒ 4st = 3st + 4.5s
4  2 1
= 10 × = 1 km.
t = 4.5 hr 10

Page : 52 Fundamentals of
Quantitative Aptitude – I
 The policeman catch the thief at a distance of
(1 km + 0.2 km) 1.2 km
ü Solution
Distance covered by the dog in one minute
? Example 12 7 28
(4 leaps) = 4 × = m.
A train running at 54 km/hr takes 20 sec to cross 3 3
a platform and 12 sec to pass a man walking in Distance covered by the hare in one minute
the same direction at a speed of 6 km/hr. Find the (9 leaps) = 9 × 1 = 9 m.
lengths of the train and the platform? Distance gained by the dog in one minute (4 leaps)
1
ü Solution = m.
3
Let the length of the train = x metres and the length Hence, for 1 m gain he has to make 12 leaps.
of the platform = y metres. Number of leaps required by the dog to gain 16 m
Speed of the train relative to the man = 12 × 16 = 192 leaps.
40
= 48 km/hr = m/s.
3
? Example 15
In passing the man, the train covers its own length
with relative speed. A ship, 156 km away from the shore, springs a
40 7
Length of the train = × 12 = 160 m. leak which admits tonnes of water in 6.5 min.
3 3

SAMPLE
Since speed of the train = 54 km/hr = 15 m/s,
A pump throws out 15 tonnes of water in 1 hr. If
x+y 68 tonnes would be suffice to sink the ship, find
= 20 ⇒ x + y = 300 ⇒ y = 140
15 the average rate of sailing so as to just reach the
Length of the platform = 140 m. shore.

? Example 13 ü Solution
Net volume of water in the ship in 1 min

CL Media
A can beat B by 20 m in a 200 m race. B can beat
C by 10 m in a 250 m race. By how many metres 7 1 15 17
= × − = tonnes.
can A beat C in a 100 m race? 3 6.5 60 156
Time for 68 tonnes of water
ü Solution
156
A runs 200 m when B runs 180 m. = 68 × = 624 min.
17
B runs 250 m when C runs 240 m.
Distance
LCM of 180 and 250 = 4500. Speed of the ship =
Thus, when A runs 5000 m, B runs 4,500 m. Time
When B runs 4,500 m, C runs 4,320 m. 156 km 1
= = km/min = 15 km/hr.
A beats C by 680 m in a race of 5,000 m. 624 min 4
680
Hence, A beats C by × 100
5000 ? Example 16
= 13.6 m in a 100 m race.
A man rows 27 km downstream and 18 km
upstream taking 3 hr each time. What is the
? Example 14
velocity of the current?
A hare makes 9 leaps in the same time as a dog
ü Solution
1
makes 4. But the dog’s leap is 2 m while hare’s 27
3 Rate downstream = = 9 km/hr.
is only 1 m. How many leaps will the dog have to 3
make before catching up with the hare if the hare 18
has a start of 16 m? Rate upstream = = 6 km/hr.
3

Fundamentals of Page : 53
Quantitative Aptitude – I
 Velocity of the current = 0.5(9 – 6) Relative speed of the buses = 20 km/hr.
= 1.5 km/hr.
100
Time taken to meet = = 5 hr.
20
? Example 17
A man can row upstream at 7 km/hr and down- ? Example 19
stream at 10 km/hr. Find his rate in still water and
the rate of the current. A and B can separately do a piece of work in 20
and 15 days respectively. They worked together
ü Solution for 6 days, after which B was replaced by C. If the
work was finished in next 4 days, then in how
Rate in still waters = 0.5(10 + 7) many days could C alone do the work?
= 8.5 km/hr.
Rate of the current = 0.5(10 – 7) ü Solution
= 1.5 km/hr.
 1 1 7
? Example 18 (A + B)’s 6 days work = 6  + = .
 20 15  10
Buses take 12 hr to cover the distance of 120 km
3
between A and B. A bus starts from A at (A + C)’s 4 days work = ;
8 a.m. and another bus starts from B at 10 a.m. 10
on the same day. When do the two buses meet? 3

SAMPLE
(A + C)’s 1 day work = .
40
ü Solution
1
The distance between A and B is 120 km. A’s 1 day work = .
20
120
Speed of the buses = = 10 km/hr.  3 1 1
12 ∴ C’s 1 day work =  – =
By 10 a.m., the bus from A would have covered  40 20  40 .

CL Media
20 km. Hence, the distance between the buses Hence, C alone can finish the work in 40 days.
at 10 a.m. = 120 – 20 = 100 km.

?
My Doubts

Page : 54 Fundamentals of
Quantitative Aptitude – I
 Practice Exercise
1. A can do a piece of work in 7 days of 9 hr each, 8. A and B can do a piece of work in 72 days;
and B can do it in 6 days of 7 hr each. How long B and C in 120 days; A and C in 90 days. In how
will they take to do it working together many days can A do it alone?
(a) 150 days
42
hr a day? (b) 120 days
5
(c) 100 days
(a) 3 days (b) 4 days (d) 80 days
(c) 4.5 days (d) None of these
9. A and B can do a job in 12 days, and B and
2. A can do a piece of work in 80 days. He works for C can do it in 16 days. After A has been working
10 days and then B alone finishes the remaining for 5 days and B for 7 days, C finishes the work in
work in 42 days. The two together could complete 13 days. In how many days can C do the work
the work in alone?
(a) 24 days (b) 25 days (a) 16 days (b) 24 days
(c) 30 days (d) 29 days (c) 36 days (d) 48 days

3. A and B can do a piece of work in 45 and 40 days 10. Twelve men can do a job in 8 days. Six days after
respectively. They begin together, but A leaves after

SAMPLE
they start, 4 men join them. How many more days
some days and B completes the remaining work will it take to do the job?
in 23 days. For how many days did A work? (a) 2.5 days (b) 3.5 days
(a) 6 days (b) 8 days (c) 1.5 days (d) 4 days
(c) 9 days (d) 12 days
11. Excluding the stoppages, the speed of a bus is
4. A does half as much as work as B in three-fourths 54 km/hr, and including the stoppages, it is 45
of the time. If together they take km/hr. For how many minutes does the bus stop

CL Media
18 days to complete the work, how much time per hour?
will B take to do it? (a) 9 min (b) 10 min
(a) 30 days (c) 12 min (d) 20 min
(b) 35 days
(c) 40 days 12. A job is done by 10 men in 20 days and 20 women
(d) None of these in 15 days. How many days will it take for 5 men
and 10 women to finish the work?
5. A can do a certain job in 12 days. B is 60% more
efficient than A. B can do the work alone in 1 1
(a) 17 days (b) 17 days
(a) 6 days (b) 6.25 days 2 7
(c) 7.5 days (d) 8 days
1
(c) 17 days (d) 17 days
20
6. A and B can do a job in 25 days and 20 days
respectively. A started the work and was joined by
B after 10 days. The number of days taken to 13. R and S can do a job in 8 and 12 days respectively.
complete the work is If they work on alternate days with R beginning, in
(a) 12.5 days (b) 14.22 days how many days will the work be finished?
(c) 15 days (d) 16.66 days 1 1
(a) 9 days (b) 9 days
3 2
7. A is twice as good as B, and they together finish
a job in 14 days. A will finish the work alone in 1 1
(c) 9 days (d) 9 days
(a) 11 days (b) 21 days 24 3
(c) 28 days (d) 42 days

Fundamentals of Page : 55
Quantitative Aptitude – I
14. A, B and C can do a job in 11, 20 and 55 days 22. Taps A and B can fill a tank in 12 min and 15 min
respectively. How soon can the work be done if A respectively. If both are opened and A is closed
is assisted by B and C on alternate days? after 3 min, how long will it take for B to fill the
(a) 7 days (b) 8 days tank?
(c) 9 days (d) 10 days (a) 7 min 45 sec (b) 7 min 15 sec
(c) 8 min 5 sec (d) 8 min 15 sec
15. Machines A and B produce 8,000 clips in 4 hr and
6 hr respectively. If they work alternatively for 1 hr, 23. If two pipes operate simultaneously, a tank will be
A starting first, then 8,000 clips will be produced full in 12 hr. If one pipe takes 10 hr less than the
in other, how much time does the other take to fill
(a) 4.33 hr (b) 4.66 hr the tank?
(c) 5.33 hr (d) 5.66 hr (a) 25 hr (b) 28 hr
(c) 30 hr (d) 35 hr
16. Father can work on a task as fast as his two sons
working together. If one does the work in 3 hr and 24. A leak in the bottom of a tank can empty it in 6 hr.
the other in 6 hr, in how many hours can the father A pipe fills the tank at the rate of 4 L per min.
do the work? When the tank is full, the inlet is opened but due
(a) 1 hr (b) 2 hr to the leak the tank is emptied in 8 hr. What is the
(c) 3 hr (d) 4 hr capacity of the tank?
(a) 5,260 L (b) 5,760 L
17. A sum of money is sufficient to pay A’s wages for (c) 5,846 L (d) 6,970 L

SAMPLE
21 days and B’s wages for 28 days. It is then
sufficient to pay the wages of both for 25. A and B can fill a tank in 6 hr and 4 hr respectively.
(a) 12 days (b) 14 days If they are opened on alternate hours and A is
(c) 12.25 days (d) 24.5 days opened first, how many hours will it take to fill the
tank?
18. A does half as much as work as B, and C does (a) 4 hr (b) 5 hr
half as much as work as A and B together in the (c) 4.5 hr (d) 5.5 hr

CL Media
same time. If C alone can do the work in 40 days,
then all of them together will finish the work in 26. A car can finish a journey in 10 hr at 48 km/hr. To
(a) 13.33 days cover the same distance in 8 hr, the speed must
(b) 15 days be increased by
(c) 20 days (a) 6 km/hr
(d) 30 days (b) 7.5 km/hr
(c) 12 km/hr
19. Pipes A, B and C take 20, 15 and 12 min to fill a (d) 15 km/hr
cistern. Together they will fill the cistern in
(a) 5 min (b) 10 min 27. Tarun can cover a certain distance in 1 hr 24 min
(c) 12 min (d) 15.66 min
2
by covering of the distance at 4 km/hr and the
3
20. Two pipes can fill a tank in 10 hr and 12 hr, while a
third pipe can empty it in 20 hr. If all three pipes rest at 5 km/hr. The total distance is
are opened, the cistern will be filled in (a) 5 km (b) 6 km
(a) 7 hr (b) 8 hr (c) 8 km (d) 9.2 km
(c) 7.5 hr (d) 8.5 hr
3
21. A cistern can be filled in 9 hr but it takes 28. Walking at of his normal speed, a man is late
4
10 hr due to a leak. In how much time can the
by 2.5 hr. The usual time is
leak empty the full cistern?
(a) 7.5 hr (b) 3.5 hr
(a) 60 hr (b) 70 hr
(c) 80 hr (d) 90 hr 7
(c) 3.25 hr (d) hr
8

Page : 56 Fundamentals of
Quantitative Aptitude – I
29. If a boy walks from his house at 4 km/hr, he 37. A is twice as fast as B, and B is twice as fast as
reaches school 10 min early. If he walks at C. The distance covered by C in 54 min will be
3 km/hr, he reaches 10 min late. What is the covered by A in
distance from his house to the school? (a) 216 min (b) 27 min
(a) 6 km (b) 4.5 km (c) 108 min (d) 13.5 min
(c) 4 km (d) 3 km
38. The ratio of speeds of A and B is 3 : 4. If B covers
30. If a train runs at 40 km/hr, it is late by 11 min, but a distance in 36 min, A will cover it in
if it runs at 50 km/hr, it is late by 5 min. The correct (a) 27 min (b) 48 min
time to complete the journey is 3
(a) 13 min (b) 15 min (c) 15 min (d) None of these
7
(c) 19 min (d) 21 min
39. A train 110 m long is moving at 132 km/hr. How
31. Two trains start from opposite directions, long will it take to cross a platform 165 m long?
200 km apart, at the same time. They cross each (a) 5 sec (b) 7.5 sec
other at a distance of 110 km from one of the (c) 10 sec (d) 15 sec
stations. What is the ratio of their speeds?
(a) 11 : 20 (b) 9 : 20 40. A train travelling at the rate of 90 km/hr crosses a
(c) 11 : 9 (d) None of these pole in 10 s. Its length is
(a) 250 m (b) 150 m
32. A thief steals a car at 2.30 p.m. and drives it at 60 (c) 900 m (d) 100 m

SAMPLE
km/hr. At 3 p.m. the owner sets off in another car
at 75 km/hr. When will the owner overtake the 41. A train 300 m long crossed a platform 900 m long
thief? in 1 min 12 sec. The speed of the train (in km/hr) is
(a) 4.30 p.m. (b) 4.45 p.m. (a) 45 (b) 50
(c) 5 p.m. (d) 5.15 p.m. (c) 54 (d) 60

33. The speeds of A and B are in the ratio 3 : 4. 42. A train crosses a pole in 15 sec and a platform

CL Media
A takes 30 min more than B to reach the 100 m long in 25 sec. Its length is
destination. How much time does A take to reach? (a) 200 m (b) 150 m
(a) 1.25 hr (b) 1.33 hr (c) 50 m (d) Data insufficient
(c) 2 hr (d) 2.5 hr
43. A train 110 m long is travelling at speed of
34. A man goes uphill at 24 km/hr and comes down 58 km/hr. What is the time in which it will pass a
at 36 km/hr. What is his average speed? man walking in the same direction at a speed of
(a) 30 km/hr (b) 28.8 km/hr 4 km/hr?
(c) 32.6 km/hr (d) None of these (a) 6 sec (b) 7.5 sec
(c) 7.33 sec (d) 7.33 min
35. A plane travels 2,500 km, 1,200 km and
500 km at the rate of 500 km/hr, 400 km/hr and 44. A train 108 m long moving at the rate of 50 km/hr
250 km/hr respectively. The average speed is crosses another train of 112 m long coming from
(a) 405 km/hr (b) 410 km/hr the opposite direction in 6 sec. The speed of the
(c) 420 km/hr (d) 575 km/hr second train is
(a) 48 km/hr (b) 54 km/hr
1 (c) 66 km/hr (d) 82 km/hr
36. A car has to cover 80 km in 10 hr. If it covers of
2
45. Two trains travel in opposite directions at
3
the journey in of the time, what should be its 36 km/hr and 45 km/hr. A man sitting in the slower
5 train passes the faster train in 8 sec. The length
speed for the remaining journey? of the faster train is
(a) 8 km/hr (b) 6.4 km/hr (a) 80 m (b) 100 m
(c) 10 km/hr (d) 20 km/hr (c) 120 m (d) 180 m

Fundamentals of Page : 57
Quantitative Aptitude – I
46. A man sees a train passing over a bridge, 51. Ajay completes one lap of a circular track of radius
1 km long. The length of the train is half that of the 21 m in 6 minute while Bijay completes it in
bridge. If the train clears the bridge in 2 min, the 8 minutes. If they start together from the same
speed of the train is point in the same direction after how much time
(a) 30 km/hr (b) 45 km/hr (in minutes) will they meet for the first time?
(c) 50 km/hr (d) 60 km/hr (a) 24 (b) 16
(c) 12 (d) 20
47. A man rows 13 km upstream and 28 km
downstream in 5 hr each. The velocity of the stream 52. In the above questions after how many minute they
is meet for the second time at the starting point?
(a) 1.5 km/hr (b) 2 km/hr (a) 24 (b) 36
(c) 2.5 km/hr (d) 3 km/hr (c) 48 (d) 40

48. If a man rows at 6 km/hr in still water and 53. Salma and Nagma are standing on a circular track
4.5 km/hr against the current, then his rate of diametrically opposite to each other. They start to
rowing along the current is run in anticlockwise direction. If the initial distance
(a) 9.5 km/hr (b) 7.5 km/hr between them is 70 metres and speed of Salma
(c) 7 km/hr (d) 5.25 km/hr is 5 m/s and that of Nagma is 6m/s, then how
many times will they meet each other in first
49. A river runs at 2 km/hr. If a man takes twice as 6 minutes
long to row up the river as to row down, the speed (a) 1 (b) 2

SAMPLE
of the man in still water is (c) 3 (d) 4
(a) 6 km/hr (b) 4 km/hr
(c) 10 km/hr (d) 8 km/hr 54. In the above Question, if Nagma runs in clockwise
direction then, after how many seconds they will
50. A stream runs at 1 km/hr. A boat goes 35 km meet for the third time?
upstream and back again in 12 hr. The speed of (a) 70 (b) 40
the boat in still water is (c) 50 (d) 90

CL Media
(a) 6 km/hr (b) 7 km/hr
(c) 8 km/hr (d) 8.5 km/hr

?
My Doubts

Page : 58 Fundamentals of
Quantitative Aptitude – I
 Answers and Explanations
Chapter 1 : Number System
1 a 2 c 3 c 4 c 5 b 6 a 7 d 8 d 9 b 10 c
11 c 12 d 13 a 14 c 15 d 16 d 17 b 18 b 19 a 20 a
21 c 22 c 23 b 24 d 25 c 26 d 27 b 28 d 29 b 30 c
31 c 32 a 33 d 34 d 35 d 36 c 37 b 38 c 39 d 40 b
41 b 42 b 43 b 44 b 45 a

Chapter 2 : Percentage
1 d 2 a 3 d 4 b 5 c 6 c 7 d 8 c 9 a 10 d
11 b 12 c 13 b 14 b 15 d 16 a 17 c 18 c 19 a 20 a
21 b 22 c 23 c 24 d 25 c 26 b 27 a 28 b 29 b 30 c
31 a 32 c 33 d 34 c 35 c 36 a 37 a 38 a 39 d 40 a
41 c 42 d 43 d 44 d 45 a 46 b

Chapter 3 : Simple Interest & Compound Interest

1 a 2 d 3 c 4 a 5 b 6 c 7 c 8 d 9 b 10 a

SAMPLE
11 b 12 a 13 c 14 c 15 d 16 b 17 c 18 a 19 c 20 b
21 d 22 c 23 c 24 b 25 b 26 c 27 b 28 a 29 b 30 b
31 b 32 d 33 c 34 a 35 b 36 c 37 a 38 c 39 a 40 a
41 a 42 b 43 c 44 b 45 a 46 b 47 c

Chapter 4 : Profit, Loss & Discount

1 c 2 c 3 a 4 c 5 c 6 b 7 c 8 a 9 b 10 d

CL Media
11 b 12 b 13 d 14 b 15 a 16 b 17 b 18 b 19 a 20 b
21 c 22 a 23 b 24 c 25 b 26 b 27 b 28 c 29 b 30 a
31 c 32 d 33 c 34 a 35 b 36 d 37 d 38 c 39 a

Chapter 5 : Ratio & Proportion, Mixture Alligation, Partnership & Average

1 c 2 d 3 a 4 d 5 b 6 b 7 c 8 c 9 a 10 d
11 c 12 c 13 d 14 c 15 a 16 b 17 d 18 a 19 b 20 b
21 d 22 a 23 c 24 c 25 a 26 d 27 b 28 b 29 c 30 a
31 c 32 b 33 d 34 c 35 d 36 b 37 a 38 b 39 d 40 d
41 a 42 c 43 b 44 c 45 a 46 c 47 c 48 a 49 d 50 c
51 a 52 b 53 a 54 b 55 d 56 c

Chapter 6 : Time, Speed, Distance and Time & Work

1 a 2 c 3 c 4 a 5 c 6 d 7 b 8 b 9 b 10 c
11 b 12 b 13 b 14 b 15 b 16 b 17 a 18 a 19 a 20 c
21 d 22 d 23 c 24 b 25 b 26 c 27 b 28 a 29 c 30 c
31 c 32 c 33 c 34 b 35 c 36 c 37 d 38 b 39 b 40 a
41 d 42 b 43 c 44 d 45 d 46 b 47 a 48 b 49 a 50 a
51 a 52 c 53 b 54 c

Fundamentals of Page : 59
Quantitative Aptitude – I
 Short cut:
Chapter 1 Number System 3455 is the only option from which when we subtract 35,
we get 3420 which is divisible by 45.
1. a LCM × GCD = Product of numbers = N1 × N2
Pr oduct 4200 × 20 10. c x + y = 2(x – y)
∴ N2 = ⇒ N2 = = 840 ⇒ x + y = 2(x – y)
N1 100
⇒ x = 3y
Since, xy = 48, ⇒ 3y2 = 48
2. c y = 2 +1 ⇒ y2 = 16
⇒y=4
( )
2
1 y2 + 1 2 +1 +1 Now, y = 4, ∴ x = 12
⇒y+ = =
y y ( 2 +1 )
3 3 × 10 10 43
11. c 3+ =3+ =3+ =

=
(4 + 2 2 ) = 2 2 (1+ 2 ) = 2 2
3+
1× 3
10
33 11 11

2 +1 ( 2 + 1)
12. d Units digit = Units digit of (4 × 1 × 9 × 8 = 4 × 72) = 8.
Short cut: Therefore, units digit of the number = 8.

( )
2 +1 +
1
2 +1
= ( 2 +1 +) ( )
2 −1 = 2 2
13. a LCM of 2, 3, 5 = 30.
∴ Number of coconuts = 30 + 1 = 31.

4 3 2 1 14. c Let the tens digit be x. Then units digit = (x + 3).

3. c By observing, > > > .

SAMPLE
5 5 5 5 Sum of the digits = x + (x + 3) = 2x + 3
Numerator is decreasing and denominator is same. Number = 10x + (x + 3) = 11x + 3
11x + 3 4
4 7 = ⇒ 11x + 3 = 4(2x + 3)
Now comparing and . 2x + 3 1
5 15
∴x = 3
7 7 7 ∴ Number = (11x + 3) = 36.
As, = and < 4
15 3 × 5 3
Short cut:
4

CL Media
∴ Pick up the option and check the conditions.
is the largest.
5
15. d Q (65)3/5 = 63 = 216.
n (n + 1) ( 2n + 1)
4. c 12 + 22 + ... + n2 =
6 5
16. d is largest among four.
6
10 (11) ( 21)
⇒ 12 + 22 + … + 102 = = 385
6
17. b x = 6 – 35
5. b 0! = 1
1 1 6 + 35
6. a Whole number ∴ = × = 6 + 35
x 6 – 35 6 + 35

7. d Change the fractions into decimals and then find

18. b 2 + 4 + 6 + 8 + ... + 100 (50 even numbers)
71 5 29 57 = 50 × (50 + 1) = 2550.
= 0.845 , = 0.833 , = 0.828 , = 0.814 .
84 6 35 70 Sum of first n even numbers is n(n + 1).
Hence, the answer is all of these. x
19. a x + 2y = 4 and = 2 ⇒ x = 2y
y
8. d LCM of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 = 420
Smallest four-digit number divisible by LCM is ∴ 2y + 2y = 4
420 × 3 = 1260. ∴y = 1

Short cut: 20. a Numbers are 8, 9, 10.

1260 is the only option divisible by 3. ∴ Sum = 8 + 9 + 10 = 27.

9. b Difference between divisor and remainder 21. c 18.18 ÷ 9 + 2.7 of 3 = 18.18 ÷ 9 + 8.1
= 35 – 25 = 45 – 35 = 55 – 45 = 10. = 2.02 + 8.1
LCM of 35, 45 and 55 = 5 × 7 × 9 × 11 = 3465. = 10.12
Required number = 3465 – 10 = 3455.

Page : 60 Fundamentals of
Quantitative Aptitude – I
22. c 8127 – 5422 + 1614 – 808 = 9741 – 6230 = 3511 Shortcut:
Substitute n = 1.

23. b 112 + 114 ÷ 113 − 11 + (0.5)112 38. c 8756 × 99999 = 8756 × [100000 – 1]
= 121 + 11 – 11 + 0.5 × 121 = 875600000 – 8756 = 875591244
= 121 + 60.5 = 181.5
39. d 1399 × 1399 = (1400 – 1)2
24. d The square root of 1296 is 36 and not 34. = (1400)2 + (1)2 – 2(1400)(1) = 1960000 + 1 – 2800
= 1957201
25. c Let the numbers be x and 1365 + x.
Then, 1365 + x = 6x + 15 or x = 270.
40. b 397 × 397 + 104 × 104 + 2 × 397 × 104
= (397 + 104)2 = (501)2 = (500 + 1)2
A B C
26. d = = = x ⇒ A = 2x, B = 3 x and C = 4x = (500)2 + (1)2 + 2(500)(1)
2 3 4 = 250000 + 1 + 1000 = 251001
⇒A:B:C=2:3:4

 4 1 1 1 1
Largest part =  243 ×  = 108 . 41. b + + + .... +
 9 1.2 2.3 3.4 n(n + 1)
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
= 1− + − + − ... + −
27. b Every such number must be divisible by LCM of 4, 5 and 6, 2 2 3 3 4 n (n + 1)
i.e. 60. 1 n
Such numbers are 240, 300, 360, 420, 480, 540. = 1− =
(n + 1) n + 1
Hence, there are 6 numbers.
As, numerator is always less than denominator, thus the
expression will always be less than 1.
28. d Units digit is governed by product of individual units digit

SAMPLE
only.
42. b n=4×q+3 (q = Quotient)
7 × 8 × 7 × 3 = 6.
2n = 2 × 4 × q + 6
When 2n is divided by 4, quotient = 2q + 1 and
n (n + 1) remainder = 2.
29. b Q 1 + 2 + 3 + ... + n =
2
43. b LCM of 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 18 is 180.
45 × 46 So the bells will toll together after every 180 s, i. e. 3 min.
∴ 1 + 2 + 3 + ... + 45 = = 1035
2 32
; 10 times .

CL Media
In 32 min, they will toll together for
3
451a603
30. c .
9 44. b 3 has a cyclicity of 4. 33 when divided by 4 has remainder
Q Sum of all the digits must be divisible by 9, 1. Hence unit digit is 31 i.e. 3.
∴ a = 8.
45. a 2437 = 437 = (42 )18 ⋅ 41 = 4 (unit digit )
31. c Number formed by last 3 digits must be divisible by 8.
3724 = 724 = (74 )6 = (2401)6 = 1 (unit digit)
32. a Number should be divisible by 9 and 11 both.
Hence Units digit = 4 × 1 = 4.
33. d 111111 = 111 × 1001 = (37 × 3) × (7 × 11 × 13)
Hence, number of such forms are divisible by all its factors.
Chapter 2 Percentage
34. d When 99547 is divided by 687, remainder is 619.
∴ Nearest number = 99547 + 68 = 99615.
3 75 2000
1. d 18 % of 2000 = × = 375
35. d Out of the given answer choices only 99990 is divisible by 4 4 100
99. Also, in order to a number being divisible by 99, it should
3
be divisible by both 9 and 11, which is true in case of option Alternative: 18% of 2000 + % of 2000 = 375
4
(d) only.

36. c Any number divisible by 111 should also be divisible by 3 26 13

and 37. Out of the given answer choices, both options (a) 2. a × 100 = × 100 = 54.16%
48 24
and (c) are divisible by 111 but, option (c) is the smallest.

37. b 34n – 43n = (34)n – (43)n = 81n – 64n 1 1

3. d 33 % of 972 = × 972 = 324
Since an – bn is always divisible by (a – b) 3 3
81n – 64n will be always divisible by (81 – 64) = 17.

Fundamentals of Page : 61
Quantitative Aptitude – I
 37 16. a Length becomes 0.9L.
4. b × 100 = 61.66% Breadth becomes 0.9B.
60
Area = 0.9L × 0.9B = 0.81LB.
∴ Area decreases by 19%.
Final value − Initial value
5. c Percentage increase = × 100
Initial value Short cut:
Using successive % change
7475 − 6500 975
= = × 100 = 15% 10 × 10
6500 6500 −10 − 10 + = −19% ( decrease)
100
6. c 20% increase for 2 years
20 × 20 17. c Price of rice after 15% increase
= 20 + 20 + = 1.15 × 15 = `17.25
100
After 30 paise reduction, price = `16.95
ab
{using successive % change a + b + } = 44% 16.95 –15
100 Net increase = × 100 = 13%.
15
Now, population after 2 years = 2500 × 1.44 = 3600.

7. d 90% of 90% of 100 = 90% of 90 = 81. 18. c 30% of 55% of 100 = 30% of 55 = 16.5

8. c Let 37% of x = 990.86. 19. a Let the number be n.

Then 20% of n – 16% of n = 16
37 0.2n – 0.16n = 16 or 0.04n = 16
Then, × x = 990.86
100 ⇒ n = 400
990.86 × 100 99086
⇒x= = = 2678.

SAMPLE
37 37 1 3
20. a (i) 66 %, (ii) = 60%
6 5
19
Now, 19% of 2678 = × 2678 = 508.82 16
100 (iii) 0.65 = 65%, (iv) = 64%
25
or 510 approximately.
Hence option (a).

50 21. b After 20% increase, men = 2500 × 1.2 = 3000.

9. a 1 hr = 60 min, ∴ × 100 = 83.33%
60 After 20% decrease, women = 2500 × 0.8 = 2000.

CL Media
2000
So, women as a percentage of men = = 66.67%.
4 1 3000
10. d Loss percentage = = = 20%
20 5
22. c Net sales = Number of units × Price
11. b A’s income = 1.25 B’s income. 1.28 S = y (Number of units) × SP

1 1.28
B’s income = A’s income = 80% of A’s income.
y= = 1.6
1.25 .8
∴ Number of units increase by 60%
12. c 40% of 200 = 80
He obtained 72, i.e. he failed by 8 marks. 23. c In a class of 300 students, boys = 200, girls = 100.
50% boys = 100, 48% girls = 48.
8 Total students who appeared = 148.
Percentage by which he failed = × 100 = 4% .
200 Hence, 300 – 148 = 152 did not appear.

24. d Let he has `100. He invests `40 in shares. Out of `60, he

100 invests `12 in property. Out of remaining `48, he loses `12
13. b If x = 120% of y, then y = of x = 83.33% of x.
120 at casino. He is left with `36, i.e. 36%.

14. b If A is increased by 10%, 25. c Let the winner gets ‘x’ votes.
i.e. A1 = 1.1A 2
∴ The loser got (x – 60) or x votes.
∴ A12 2 2
= (1.1) A = 1.21A 2 3
∴ x = 180, i.e. the winner got 180 votes and the loser got
2
∴A increases by 21%. 120 votes.

26. b 180 + 120 = 300

1500 9
15. d A= % of A i.e. 166.66%.
9 15 180 6 3
27. a = = = 60%
300 10 5

Page : 62 Fundamentals of
Quantitative Aptitude – I
 36. a p = 6q. So q is less than p by 5q.
x
28. b Let the original fraction = . Note that q has been compared with p, i.e. p is the base for
y comparison.
Required percentage
x + 25%of x 5 1.25x 5 x 4
∴ = , = ⇒ =
y – 20%of y 4 0.8y 4 y 5  5q   5q  1
× 100 % =  × 100 % = 83 %.
 p   6q  3
29. b Let 100 be the number. Then 43 – 28 = 15. But difference is
75, i.e. five times 15. Therefore, actual number should be 37. a Let the valid votes be x.
five times 100, i.e. 500.
Then 52% of x – 48% of x = 98 ⇒ 4% of x = 98.
30
∴ 30% of 500 = × 500 = 150 4
100 ∴ x = 98 ⇒ x = 98 × 25 = 2450.
100
∴ Total votes polled = (2450 + 68) = 2518.
30. c A student failed by 15%, i.e. he has got only 30%.
So, 30% of total marks = 138.
38. a Let the original consumption = 100 units and the original
138 price = `100 per unit.
∴ Total marks = × 100 = 460 .
30 Original expenditure = `(100 × 100) = `10,000.
New expenditure = `(120 × 75) = `9,000.
31. a In 1 kg pack, ghee is 10%, i.e. 100 g.  1000 
So, in 2 kg, ghee will be 200 g. Decrease in expenditure =  × 100 % = 10% .
 10000 

1  1  1 Short Cut:
32. c Error on 37 =  37 – 36 = 1 .
2  2  2
20 × 25

SAMPLE
Change in expenditure = 20 − 25 − = –10%
75 3 100
∴ Error on = .
2 2 Thus, expenditure decreases by 10%

3 2  39. d Net growth on 1000 = (32 – 11) = 21.

Error on 100 =  × × 100 = 4% .
 2 75 
 21 
Net growth on 100 =  × 100 = 2.1% .
 1000 
33. d 30% of petrol = `300. Hence, total sum = `1,000.
1 40. a Let length = l and breadth = b, and

CL Media
70% = 700; th of 700 = `175
4 the required decrease in breadth be x%.
160 (100 – x)
x y Then, l× × b = Ib
34. c x% of a = y% of b ⇒ a= b 100 100
100 100
⇒ 160(100 – x) = 100 × 100
 x 100   x
⇒b=  × a= a
 100 y   y 10000 125
⇒ 100 − x = =
 x  xz  160 2
z% of b = z% of   a =  a
 y  y × 100 
 125  1
⇒ x =  100 −  = 37 %
 xz   2  2
=   % of a
 y
41. c In 50 L, 35% is water.
90 125 80 35
35. c A= B, B = C and C = D i.e. × 50 = 17.5 L
100 100 100 100
10 4 5 So, quantity of milk = 50 – 17.5 = 32.5 L.
B= A, C = B and D = C then,
9 5 4
42. d If SP = 121, P = 10%
10 4 121 × 100
B= × 360 = 400, C = × 400 = 320 CP = = `110
9 5 110
5 If SP is reduced by 11, new SP = `(121 – 11)
and D = × 320 = 400 = `110.
4
Hence, no profit no loss.
Percentage of marks obtained by

 400  43. d After giving a discount of 10%,

D=  × 100 % = 80% the merchant makes a profit of 8%.
 500 
SP = MP – 10% of MP

Fundamentals of Page : 63
Quantitative Aptitude – I
 SP = 0.9 MP 3
Also SP = 1.08 CP = 0.9 MP  10 
7. c CI for 3 years = 700 1 +  – 700 = `231.70
 100 
MP
So = 1.2, i.e. MP is 20% more than CP.
CP 700 × 10 × 3
SI for 3 years = = `210
100
44. d M + 60 = 50% of K. Clearly, M cannot be determined. ∴ CI3 − SI3 = 21.7

45. a Let A’s salary = x. Then B’s = (2000 – x).

5% of A = 15% of B, i.e. Short cut:
CI3 – SI3 = 700(1.13 – 1.3) = `21.70
5 15
x= (2000 − x) ⇒ x = `1500.
100 100
P P P×r ×t
46. b Let original salary = `100. 8. d SI = ∴ =
4 4 100
Now, final salary = 150% of (50% of 100) Since r = t,
 150 50  100 10
= × × 100 = ` 75 ; Decrease = 25% ∴ r2 = ,r= = 5%
 100 100  4 2

2
 2 
9. b CI = 1010 = P  1 + −P
Chapter 3 Simple Interest &  100 
Compound Interest ⇒ 1010 = P (1.02)2 − 1 = 0.0404P
 
1. a Total return = 8.5% of 2000 = `170. ⇒ P = ` 25,000

SAMPLE
500 × 7 × 1
SI from `500 = = `35, Alternative method:
100
2
CI = SI + SI + SI
1500 × r × 1 100
and SI from `1500 = = 15r.
100 Where SI is simple interest for one year
We have, 35 + 15r = 170 202
⇒ 1010 = SI
⇒ 15r = 135 ⇒ r = 9%. 100
1010
∴ SI = × 100 = 500

CL Media
2. d The family borrowed `325. 202
The family paid = 16 × 23 + 9 = `377.
500 × 100
Interest paid = 377– 325 = `52. ∴ P= = ` 25000
2 ×1
52
So, percentage = × 100 = 16%.
325 2
 3 
CI = 203 = P  1 + −P
 100 
10. a
500 × R1 × 2 500 × R2 × 2
3. c − = 2.50 ⇒ 203 = P (1.03)2 − 1
100 100  

⇒ 1000 (R1 − R2 ) = 250 ⇒P=

203
≈ `3,333
0.0609
250 P × R × T 3333 × 3 × 2
⇒ R1 − R2 = = 0.25% SI = = ≈ ` 200
1000 100 100

3500 × 5 × 5 Short cut:

4. a Interest = = `875. SI must be less than CI.
100
Amount = P + I = 3500 + 875 = `4375.
P×5×2
11. b 154 = ⇒ P = `1,540
100
P × 20 × t
5. b 2P = , t = 10 years
100 12. a Present worth of <460

460
= 2 × 15
≈ ` 418.20
3
 r  1+ 3
6. c CI = P 1 +  –P
 100  100
= 1000[1.1]3 – 1000 = 1331 – 1000 = `331 18.2
Therefore, profit = × 100 = 4.55% .
400

Page : 64 Fundamentals of
Quantitative Aptitude – I
13. c March + April + May 22. c Let the total capital be x. Then
74 x 7  x 8   5x 10 
23 + 30 + 21 = 74 days = year  × × 1 +  × × 1 +  × × 1 = 561
365 3 100   4 100   12 100 

1 7x x x
= years (approximately) ⇒ + + = 561
5 300 50 24

∴ Interest = `  1820 × ×
1 15   561 × 600 
  = `27.30 ⇒x=  = ` 6,600
5 2 × 100   51

14. c Amount payable at the end of 1st year = `4,400;

Half of 4400 is paid. Remaining = `2,200.  2000 × 8 × 1  15 1   17 1 
23. c   +  4000 × ×  +  1400 × × 
Amount payable at the end of 2nd year 100 2 100   2 100 
= `2,420; Half of which is paid.
Amount payable at the end of 3rd year 1 813
+2600 × R × = × 10000
= 1210(1.1) = `1,331. 100 10000
⇒ 160 + 300 + 119 + 26R = 813 ⇒ R = 9%
15. d Amount paid = 2200 + 1210 + 1331 = `4,741.
Therefore, interest paid = `741.
24. b Let these parts be x, y and z.
Hence, by the simple interest formula,
P×T ×R 4x = 8y, and 8y = 12z.
16. b SI =
100 Hence, x : y : z = 6 : 3 : 2.

R 225 × 100 2189 × 2

⇒ 225 = 1125 × ×4⇒R = The smallest part = = `398.
1125 × 4 11

SAMPLE
100
⇒ R = 5%
 100 × 1200 
25. b Sum = `  = `8,000
5000 × 3 × 11  3 × 5 
17. c (i) SI = =`1,650
100
3   5  
3
 10  Amount = ` 8000 ×  1 + 
(ii) CI = 5000  1 + – 5000 = `1,655 
 100  
 100  


CL Media
Short cut:  21 21 21
= `  8000 × × ×  = `9,261
Effective rate at SI and CI = 33% and 33.1% respectively.  20 20 20 
∴ CI = `(9261 – 8000) = `1,261
18. a Let the sum be `x and the original rate be R%.
x × (R + 3) × 2 x × R × 2 26. c Let the sum be x. Then,
Then, – = 72
100 100
2
⇒ 2Rx + 6x − 2Rx = 7200 ⇒ x = `1,200.  5   441 x  41 x
CI = x  1 + –x =  – x =
 100   400  400
19. c Let sum = x. Then SI = x.
x × 10 × 1 x
SI = =
 100 × x  100 10
Rate =  % = 12.5%.
 x × 8 
41x x x
CI – SI = – =
400 10 400
x ×R × T 100y
20. b y= ⇒ RT =
100 x x
∴ = 25 ⇒ x = `10,000
400
y ×R × T 100z
z= ⇒ RT =
100 y
Short cut:
100y 100z
∴ = ⇒ y 2 = xz 100
x y Interest paid on principal for 6 month = 25 × =`500
5
21. d Let the sum at 5% be `x. Then, 100
Principal amount invested = 500 × = `10,000
x × 5 × 3 (1550 – x) × 8 × 3 5
+ = 300 ⇒ x = `800
100 100
Money at 5% 800 800 16
= = =   10 
2 
Money at 8% (1550 – 800) 750 15 27. b CI = ` 800 ×  1+  − 800  = `168
 
 
100

Fundamentals of Page : 65
Quantitative Aptitude – I
 33. c Let the sum be `x. Then
 800 × 10 × 2 
SI = ` 
  = `160 3 6
100  R   R 
x 1 + = 13380 and x  1 +
 100   100 
= 20070.
Gain = CI – SI = `(168 – 160) = `8

28. a Interest on `4,624 for 1 year  R 

3
20070 3
By dividing, we get  1 + = = .
= 4913 – 4624 = `289.  100  13380 2
289 1
∴ Rate = = 6 %. 3  3
4624 4 ∴x × = 13380 ⇒ x =  13380 ×  = 8920
2  2
Now if x = Sum,
Hence, the sum is `8,920.
2
 25  17 17
x 1 +  = 4624 ⇒ x × × = 4624
 4 × 100  16 16 34. a Amount = `(30000 + 4347) = `34,347
n
 16 16   7 
Let 30000  1 + = 34347
⇒ x =  4624 ×

×  = `4,096
17 17   100 

n 2
 7  34347 11449  107 
29. b Rate = 5% per half year. ⇒ 1 + = = =
Let time = 2n half years = n years  100  
30000 10000  100 

2n ∴ n = 2 years.
 5 
Then, 800  1 + = 926.10
 100 
2
 R 
1200 ×  1 + = 1348.32
 100 
2n 3 35. b
 21 926.10 9261  21
⇒  = = = 

SAMPLE
 20  800 8000  20 
2
 R  1348.32 11236
⇒ 1+ = =
3
∴ 2n = 3 ⇒ n = years.  100  1200 10000
2
2 2
 R   106  R
∴ 1 + = ⇒ 1+ = 1.06 ⇒ R = 6%
5 5  100   100  100
 R   R 
30. b 12000 ×  1+ = 24000 ⇒  1+ =2
 100   100 
36. c Interest on `800 for one year = `(840 – 800) = `40

CL Media
 5 4 20  100 × 40 
R   R  ∴ Rate =  % = 5%
 800 × 1 
4
∴  1+   = 2 = 16 ⇒  1+  = 16
 100   100 

20
 R   R 
3
 R 
3
⇒ P 1 + = 16P
 100  37. a p 1 +
 100 
= 8P ⇒  1 +
 100 
= 8 = 23

20
 R  R R
⇒ 1+ = 16 × 12000 = `1,92,000 ∴1 + = 2⇒ = 1 ⇒ R = 100%
 100  100 100

38. c A10 = A12

n n
 20   6
31. b P 1+ > 2P or   > 2 P10[100 + 10(18 – 10)] = P12[100 + 10(18 – 12);
 100   5
P10 160 8
= =
6 6 6 6 P12 180 9
Now  × × ×  > 2 .
5 5 5 5
P10 = Sum of 10-year-old son
So n = 4 years.
8
= × 85000 = `40,000.
17
1  1
32. d Percentage increase =  × 100 % = 12 % .
8  2
9 P × R2 9 × 100 3 × 10
 ×P = ⇒ R2 = ⇒R =
25  
2 39. a = 6%
 25 100 25 5
Height after 2 years = 64 ×  1+   cm
  2 × 100   Hence, time period is 6 years.
 

 9 9
=  64 × ×  cm = 81 cm.
 8 8

Page : 66 Fundamentals of
Quantitative Aptitude – I
 3. a Let CP = x.
2000 × 2 × 10
40. a SI = = ` 400 4x
100 Then, SP = .
3
 10 
2
 21  4x  x
CI = 2000  1 +  − 1 = 2000 × = ` 420 Gain =  − x = .
  100   100  3  3

Hence difference = 420 – 400 = `20. x 1  1

∴ Gain percentage =  × × 100 = 33 % .
3 x  3
Short cut:
Difference between S.I. and C.I.
4. c SP of 16 books = CP of 12 books.
2 SP of 16 = CP of 16 – CP of 4.
 R  10 10
=P× = 2000 × × = ` 20
 100  100 100 4
∴ Percentage Loss = × 100 = 25% .
16

x × 6 × 5 (7000 – x)
41. a + × 5 × 4 = 1600 5. c Loss = SP of 4 apples on selling 36 apples.
100 100 ∴ SP of 40 = CP of 36 = CP of 40 – CP of 4
30x + 140000 – 20x = 160000
4
⇒ 10x = 20000 ∴ Loss percentage = × 100 = 10% .
40
⇒ x = `2,000

1200 × 4 × 4 1
1200 + 6. b Profit = of CP, SP = `375.
42. b Annual payment = 100 = ` 348. 4
4
Profit = SP – CP

SAMPLE
1  1
9 × 100 × 4 CP = 375 − CP ⇒ 375 =  1 +  CP
43. c T= = 4 years 4  4
36 × 25
4
CP = 375 × = `300
400 × 8 × 5 5
44. b = `160
100
1
7. c CP of one banana of first quality = ` .

CL Media
360 3
45. a SI for 1st year = = `120 = CI for 1st year.
3 1
CP of one banana of second quality = ` .
CI for 2 years = `270 ⇒ 120 + CI for 2nd year. 2
CI for 2nd year = `120 + Interest on `120 for
1year i.e. (150 – 120) = 30 1 1
+
Average CP = 3 2=`5 .
30
Rate = × 100 = 25% 2 12
120
SP = ? P = 20%

9 × 100
(100 + Gain percentage)
SP = CP .
46. b r= = 18% (Since interest = 10 – 1 = 9) 100
1 × 50
5 120 1
SP = × =` per banana.
400 × 3 × r 600 × 3 × r 12 100 2
47. c + = 90 ⇒ 30r = 90
100 100 1
Price per dozen = × 12 = `6.
⇒ r = 3% 2

8. a CP of one dozen oranges of first quality = `5.

Chapter 4 Profit, Loss and Discount CP of one dozen oranges of second quality = `2.

1. c Nothing is mentioned about the number of books. 5+2

Average CP = = `3.50 per dozen.
2
2. c CP of 20 articles = SP of 15 articles. SP = `5.50
SP of 15 = CP of 15 + CP of 5. Profit per dozen = `2.
We know, SP = CP + Profit Total profit = `50.
5 50
∴ Percentage profit = × 100 = 33.33% . ∴ Number of dozens = = 25.
15 2

Fundamentals of Page : 67
Quantitative Aptitude – I
9. b CP of first = `18 per kilogram.
x − 20 2
CP of second = `20 per kilogram. ⇒ =
Suppose he mixes 5 kg of first and 3 kg of second (for 8 kg 20 − 1 3
rice). ⇒ x = 24
Total CP = 18 × 5 + 20 × 3 = 90 + 60 = `150.
Total SP = 21 × 8 = `168.
100
Pr ofit =
18 2
× 100 = 18 × = 12% . 13. d Gain percentage = × 100 = 11.11% .
150 3 900

14. b If he uses a weight of x grams, then profit percentage

10. d Total CP = 35 × 9.5 + 30 × 10.5
1000 – x 18
= 332.5 + 315 = `647.5 (For 65 kg rice) = × 100 , which is equal to 6 % .
x 47
(100 + Gain percentage ) Therefore, x = 940 g.
SP = CP
100
647.5 135 1
SP = × ≈ `13.50 15. a Number of toffees = = 16.
65 100  1   1.2 
   
20 0.96
11. b Let the ratio be x : 1 of `100 per liter and
`50 per liter oil. Short cut:
Total CP = `(100x + 50). To make a gain, number of toffees must be less than 20.
Total SP = `96(x + 1) (from options)

120 16. b Let CP = 100. Therefore, SP = 110.

96(x + 1) = (100x + 50) ×
100 If SP = 220, Profit percentage = 120%.

SAMPLE
96 × 5(x + 1) = 6 × 50(2x + 1)
8(x + 1) = 5(2x + 1) 17. b Let CP for A = `x.
⇒ 8x + 8 = 10x + 5 Total CP after repairs = `(x + 110)
⇒ 2x = 3 B’s CP = (x + 110) × 1.2
C’s CP = (x + 110) × 1.2 × 0.9
3 C’s SP = (x + 110) × 1.2 × 0.9 × 1.1 = `1,188
⇒x=
2
∴ Ratio is 3 : 2. 1188 × 1000
∴ x + 110 =
12 × 9 × 11
Short cut:
⇒ x + 110 = 1000 ⇒ x = `890

CL Media
96
CP of the mixture = = 80.
1.2 18. b Let the cost of production be `a.
Using alligation, a × 1.1 × 1.15 × 1.25 = `1,265

1 00 50 1265 1265 × 100000

⇒a= =
80 1.1 × 1.15 × 1.25 11 × 115 × 125
3 : 2
100000
⇒a= = `800
12. b Let the quantity of rice be 2x and 3x kilograms. 125
Profit = 10%, SP = `22.
CP of 2x kg = `14 per kilogram. 19. a SP1 = SP2 = `4,000.
Let CP of 3x kg = `y per kilogram. Gain1 = 25%, loss2 = ?
Total CP = `(28x + 3xy)
100
Total SP = `22 × 5x = 110x. CP1 = 4000 × = `3,200
125
SP = CP
(100 + Gain percentage) ∴ CP2 = `4000 + `800 = `4,800 ( Q Total SP = Total CP)
100
800
110 Therefore, loss percentage = × 100 = 16.66% .
110x = (28x + 3xy) × 4800
100
72 20. b When SP of two articles is same, one is sold at a loss of x%
⇒ 100 = 28 + 3y; y = = ` 24
3 and other at a gain of x%, then there is always an overall

x2 20 × 20
Short cut: loss, by % and which is = = 4%
100 100
CP of the mixture = 20.
Using alligation, 12000 × 2
∴ Total CP = = 25000
14 x 0.96
20
∴ Loss = `(25000 – 24000) = `1000
2 : 3

Page : 68 Fundamentals of
Quantitative Aptitude – I
21. c Let CP per kilogram be `1. 28. c 36% and 4% successive discounts equal to
So total CP of 24 kg = `24.
144
Let he sell x kilograms apples at 20% gain and –36 – 4 + = –38.56%
(24 – x) kg at 5% loss. 100
Difference = 40 – 38.56 = 1.44%.
120x
SP1 = = 1.2x … (i) ∴ 1.44% of 500 = `7.20
100
SP2 = 0.95(24 – x) = 22.8 – 0.95x … (ii)
Overall profit = 10% on `24 = `2.4 (100 + Pr ofit percentage)
29. b MP = CP
But, Total SP – Total CP = `2.4 (100 – Discount percenatge)
[1.2x + 22.8 – 0.95x] – 24 = 2.4
Solving for x, x = `14.4 133
MP = CP × = 1.4 CP
∴ Amount sold at loss is 24 – x = 9.6 kg. 95
∴ MP is 40% above the CP.
Short cut:
Using alligation,
200
2 0% – 5% 30. a Net discount = –20 – 10 + = 28%
100
1 0%
3 : 2 (100 − Discount percentage)
SP = MP
100
2
Therefore, × 24 = 9.6 kg . 72
5 108 = MP × , MP = `150.
100
22. a CP = 40% of SP = 0.4 SP.
31. c Let MP = `100 = SP (Initially)
 10  After a discount of 10%, SP would be `90.
SP =  × 100% of CP = 250% CP.

SAMPLE
 4  But the shopkeeper wants to maintain the current price, i.e.
SP = `100.
23. b Profit and loss are calculated on the cost price. When SP = `90, MP = `100.
∴ Difference in percentages = 5 – (– 2.5) = 7.5% 100
7.5% of C.P. = `6 ∴ When SP = `100, MP = `100 ×
90
6 × 100 = `111.11 or 11.11% increase.
∴ CP = = `80
7.5
32. d The customer would get two successive discounts of 10%

CL Media
24. c Let CP = 100. SP = 105. New CP = 95. Profit = 10%. and 5%
Therefore, New SP = 104.5. Therefore, he is now selling at ab
∴ Net discount = a + b +
`0.5 less. He would sell at `1 less if CP = `200. 100
50
355 + 425 = – 10 – 5 + = –14.5%
CP = 100
25. b = `390
2
33. c Total loss to the shopkeeper = (CP of article + Balance)
26. b Let CP = `x. = (30 + 5) = `35
Profit = SP – CP = (900 – x)
Loss = CP – SP = (x – 450) 34. a If CP and SP increases by the same percentage, the profit
∴ 900 – x = 2 (x – 450) remains same.
900 – x = 2x – 900 ⇒ 1800 = 3x ⇒ x = `600 = CP.
Now to make a profit of 25%, 35. b In this case weight given is of no use. We have to calculate
in percentage terms only.
125 Let total quantity of wheat = 100x
SP = 600 × = `750
100 And percentage mark up = p%
80  100 + p  125
⇒ 40x × + 60x  = 100x ×
 100 
27. b 30%, 20%, 10%
100 100
600
(1 and 2) : – 30 – 20 + = – 44% ⇒ 320 + 600 + 6p = 1250 ⇒ 6p = 330
100 ⇒ p = 55%
440
(1 and 2) and 3 : – 44 – 10 + = – 49.6%
100 Short cut:
The –ve sign here indicates discount percentage. Let r% be the percentage mark-up (or profit percentage).
Then using alligation,
Short cut: – 20 r
0.7 x 0.8 x 0.9 = 0.504 = 50.4%. 25
Therefore, 100 – 50.4 = 49.6%. 40 : 60
⇒ r = 55%

Fundamentals of Page : 69
Quantitative Aptitude – I
36. d Let CP1 per egg initially = `1 per egg
 x  2000
(Assuming she had 100 eggs.) 6. b A’s share = P  = 3610 × = `1,520,
Due to loss of 10% eggs, CP of remaining 90 eggs increases.  x + y + z  4750

100 where P = Profit and x, y and z are respective shares of A,

CP2 = = `1.11 per egg B and C.
90
To retain 10% profit, 7. c Ratio of their profits = Ratio of their investments
SP2 = 1.11 x 1.1 = 1.221 or a mark-up of 22.1%. = 4000 × 12 : 8000 × 9 : 12000 × 2
48 : 72 : 24
37. d If CP of tea is `1 per kilogram, then he is receiving `1,000 2 : 3 : 1
for something which is worth `900. But he gives a discount
of 10% on `1000, i.e. sells at `900. Hence, no loss no profit. 3
Bs’ share = × 5200 = `2,600.
6
38. c Let CP per litre milk be `x.
For 25 L, CP = `25x, SP = `1,250.
Profit = `5x = SP – CP x 2
8. c = . Let x’s share = 2a, y’s share = 7a.
⇒ 5x = 1250 – 25x ⇒ x = `41.66 per litre. y 7

50 – 41.66 x ' s share 2a 2

Profit percentage = × 100 = 20%. = = .
41.66 y ' s share − x ' s share 5a 5

39. a Let SP of 1 kg rice = `x.

SP of 100 kg rice = `100x. A B C
9. a Let = = =k
CP of 100 kg rice = `1,100. 2 3 6
∴ Loss = `20x = CP – SP = 1100 – 100x ⇒A:B:C=2:3:6

SAMPLE
1100 2
⇒x= ≈ `9.17 B’s part = × 3960 =`1080
120 11

Chapter 5 Ratio & Proportion, 10. d A ' s share =

A 2
×P = P .
3 11
Mixture Alligation, A + A + 3A
2
Partnership & Average
B 3
B' s share = ×P = P .

CL Media
2 11
A 3 B + B + 2B
1. c = . Let A = 3x, B = 7x. 3
B 7

45 ( 2 + 3) P = 6
⇒ 3x + 7x = 45, x = = 4.5 ; C’s share = P − P.
10 11 11

∴ B = 7x = 31.5 2
A 's 11 2
= = .
B ' s − C' s 6 − 3 3
x x / y 1/ 27 7x 35
2. d Let the fraction be ; = ⇒ = 11 11
y 3 / 7 1/ 35 3y 27
11. c Let the number be 5x and 3x.
x 35 3 5
= × = 5x − 9 23
y 27 7 9 Then, =
3x − 9 12

3. a If a, b, c are in continuous proportion. The mean proportion ⇒ 60x – 108 = 69x – 207
is b. ⇒ 9x = 99 ⇒ x = 11
The first number is 11 × 5 = 55.
Therefore, b2 = ac, b2 = 8 × 72, b = 576 = 24 .

5
a c 3 27 12. c B’s money = × 800 =`1000 .
4. d If a, b, c, d are in proportion, = ⇒ = 4
b d 15 d
3
C’s money = × 1000 =`1500 .
⇒ d = 135. 2
Therefore, A’s + B’s + C’s money = `3,300.

b2 30 × 30
5. b Third proportional c = = = 45 . 13. d 4x = 3y = 2z
a 20 Divide the three terms by their LCM.
LCM of 4, 3, 2 = 12 ;
∴x : y : z = 3 : 4 : 6

Page : 70 Fundamentals of
Quantitative Aptitude – I
14. c Let the parts be x, (68 – x).
M 3
22. a = in 100 L mixture.
x 1 68 x
= (68 − x ) = − W 1
7 10 10 10 milk = 75 L, water = 25 L.
After adding 200 L of water, water = 225 L and milk
x x 68 17x 68
+ = ⇒ = , x = 28. = 75 L.
7 10 10 70 10
75
Ratio = = 1 : 3.
2 1 225
15. a A = B, B = C
3 4
23. c Initially number of boys = 250, number of girls = 250.
A 2 B 1 3
= , = =
B 3 C 4 12 1
New batch of the girls (50 girls) left the class and
A : B : C = 2 : 3 : 12 5
25 boys joined in.
3
B’s share = × 6800 =`1,200 Number of girls remaining = 200, and number of boys
17 = 250 + 25 = 275.

16. b X’s share ⇒ 3x + 30 Boys 275 11

∴ = =
Y’s share ⇒ 4x + 20 Girls 200 8
Z’s share ⇒ 5x + 50
Sum is 9700. 24. c Original population is 15,000.
12x + 100 = 9700, 12x = 9600, x = 800. Population after one year
Y’s share = 4x + 20 = 3200 + 20 = `3,220.
1
= 15000 + × 15000 = 15000 + 1500 = 16500.
17. d Let B get `x, 10

SAMPLE
A get `x + 70, Population after two years
C get `x – 80.
1
x + x + 70 + x – 80 = 530 = 16500 − × 16500 = 16500 − 1650 = 14850.
10
⇒ 3x – 10 = 530, 3x = 540
⇒ x = 180
Short cut:
A ' s share 180 + 70 250 5
= = = . 10 × 10
C' s share 180 − 80 100 2 Change in population = 10 – 10 − = –1%
100
Population after 2 years = 15,000 × 0.99 = 14,850

CL Media
4
18. a Ratio = .
9 25. a Let man’s age be 7x, son’s age = 2x.
Let antecedent = 4x = 36, x = 9. 4 according to question,
Consequent = 9x = 9 × 9 = 81.
7x + 15 2
= , 7x + 15 = 4x + 30, x = 5.
2x + 15 1
1 A 1 B 2
19. b A= B, B = 2C ⇒ = , = . Present age of father = 35 years.
2 B 2 C 1
Present age of son = 10 years.
A:B:C=1:2:1 Father’s age when son was born
Shares of A, B and C are x, 2x and x. = 35 – 10 = 25 years.
B 2x 2x 2
= = = 26. d Let present age of son = x, and present age of father = y.
A + B x + 2x 3x 3
(y − 4) = 6 (x − 4) … (i)
3 4 12
20. b Ratio of coins by value : : ⇒ 3:2:3 . ( y + 12 ) = 2( x + 12 ) … (ii)
1 2 4
From (i) and (ii),
600 y – 6x + 20 = 0
∴ 3x + 2x + 3x = 600, x = = 75 .
8 y – 2x – 12 = 0
Value of 25-paisa coins = 75 × 3 = `225. 4x = 32, x = 8 years, y = 28 years.
∴ Number of coins = 225 × 4 = 900. 28 7
Ratio of ages = = .
8 2
21. d M : W = 2 : 1. Total volume = 180 L.
Milk = 120 L, water = 60 L.
Let ‘x’ litres of water is added to make the ratio 1 : 2. a b c
27. b Let = = =k
120 1 3 4 7
∴ = , a = 3k, b = 4k, c = 7k
60 + x 2
⇒ 240 = 60 + x a + b + c 3k + 4k + 7k 14k
= = =2
⇒ x = 180 L. c 7k 7k

Fundamentals of Page : 71
Quantitative Aptitude – I
28. b Sum = 84 1
It must be divisible by the sum of the ratios. 37. a A= (B + C)
2
Sum of the ratios are 12, 8, 21 and 12. Since, 8 does
not divide 84. ⇒ 2A = B + C … (i)
Hence (b) is the correct option. 1
B = (A + C)
4
29. c 0.35 of x = 0.07 of y.
4B = A + C … (ii)
x 0.07 1 Subtracting (ii) from (i),
∴ = =
y 0.35 5 2A – 4B = B – A ⇒ 3A = 5B
3
C1 5 C2 5 A =B … (iii)
30. a = , = 5
I1 8 I2 3
3 7
C = 2A − B = 2A − A= A
5 5 5 5
+
Copper 13 8 40 + 65 105
= = = . 3 7
Iron 8 3 64 + 39 103
+
∴ A : B : C = 1: : = 5:3:7
13 8 5 5
Hence, ratio of iron : copper = 103 : 105. 5
A’s share = × 11250 = 750 × 5.
15
5 3
31. c Quantity of milk in 80L mixture = × 80 = 50L B’s share = × 11250 = 750 × 3.
8 15
5 A’s share – B’s share = 750 × 2 = `1500.
and in 16L mixture = × 16 = 10L
8
3 B 7
=

SAMPLE
Quantity of water in 80L mixture = × 80 = 30L and 38. b
8 G 5
Let number of boys = 7x.
3
in 16L mixture = × 16 = 6L Let number of girls = 5x.
8 7x + 5x = 72, x = 6

∴ Required ration =
(50 − 10) + 16 = 56 , Number of boys = 42.
i.e. 7 : 3.
(30 − 6) 24 Number of girls = 30.
12 more girls should be admitted to make the number equal.
32. b Let copper = 13x, zinc = 7x.
39. d Let the numbers be 2x, 3x, and 5x respectively.

CL Media
13x + 7x = 500
Sum of their squares = 608 = 4x2 + 9x2 + 25x2
500 38x2 = 608, x2 = 16, x = ±4 .
x= = 25 kg
20 As the numbers are positive, the biggest number is 20.
∴ Copper = 13 × 25 = 325 kg
40. d M : W = 2 : 5. Total volume = 28 L.
33. d A’s effective investment = 16000 × 6 = `96,000. 2
B’s effective investment = 12000 × 8 = `96,000. Milk = × 28 = 8 L.
7
C’s effective investment = 1000 × 12 = `12,000.
Profit sharing ratio = 96 : 96 : 12 i.e. 8 : 8 : 1. 5
Water = × 28 = 20 L.
7
34. c A gets 100 paise, B gets 65 paise and C gets 35 paise.
2 L of milk is added and 5 L water is removed.
35
C' s share = 560 = Sum × . Sum = `3,200.  M 8 + 2 10 2
200   = = = i.e. 2 : 3
W new 20 – 5 15 3
35. d Let the numbers be 2x and 3x.
41. a Let A’s income = `3x.
4x 2
4 B’s income = `2x.
Ratio of their squares = = .
9x 2 9 A’s expenses = `5y.
Note: Ratio of squares is independent of difference of B’s expenses = `3y.
numbers. A’s savings = 3x – 5y = 3000 … (i)
B’s savings = 2x – 3y = 3000 … (ii)
36. b L:M:O=5:7:3 Solving (i) and (ii), x = 6000
Let the labour cost be 5x, material cost = 7x, B’s income = 2x = `12,000.
overheads = 3x. Total cost = 15x.
Profits = 20% of 15x = 3x 42. c Let A’s, B’s and C’s investments be 8x, 7x and 5x
respectively.
Material cos t 7x 7
= = A’s effective investment = (8x)5 + (4x)7
Pr ofit 3x 3 = 40x + 28x = 68x

Page : 72 Fundamentals of
Quantitative Aptitude – I
 B’s effective investment = 7x × 12 = 84x. 51. a Average of 50 numbers = 0.
C’s effective investment = 5x × 12 = 60x. ∴ Sum of 50 numbers (0 × 50) = 0.
84 It is quite possible that atmost 49 of these numbers can be
B’s share = × 26500 = `10,500. positive and if their sum is ‘a’ then 50th number will be (–a),
212
making the sum total of 50 numbers zero.

B 5 52. b Increase in weight due to replacement of the person weighing

43. b = . Let the price be 5x and 4x
R 4 56 kg by a new person
= 2 × 10 = 20 kg
5x – 4x = 800, x = 800.
Price of rickshaw = 800 × 4 = `3,200. ∴ The weight of the new person = (56 + 20) kg
= 76 kg.

A 5 2 53. a Let the monthly incomes of Ram, Rahim and Salim are ‘x’, ‘y’
44. c = ,B= A
B 2 5 and ‘z’ respectively, then
18 x + y = (4500 × 2) = 9000 … (i)
8A + A y + z = (5500 × 2) = 11000 … (ii)
8A + 9B 5 58 29
= = = x + z = (5100 × 2) = 10200 … (iii)
8A + 2B 8A + 4 A 44 22
Adding (i), (ii) and (iii), we get; 2(x + y + z) = 30200 or
5
x + y + z = 15100 … (iv)
Subtracting (ii) from (iv), we get x = 4100.
Short cut:
∴ Ram's monthly income = `4,100.
Let A = 5. Then B = 2.
Therefore, (40 + 18) : (40 + 4) = 58 : 44 = 29 : 22.
54. b Since the month begins with a Sunday, so there will be five
Sundays in the month.
45. a 20% solution of sugar means one-fifth of sugar.
Required average
In 5 L of solution, 1 L is sugar and 4 L is water.
720 × 5 + 450 × 25 3600 + 11250

SAMPLE
After adding 1 L of water, = = = 495.
30 30
1
Percentage of sugar = × 100 = 16.67%.
6 55. d Runs made in first 20 overs = 24 × 4.5 = 108
Total run to be scored = 50 × 6 = 300
46. c Let the original consumption be 1 unit costing `100. ∴ Runs needed to be scored = 300 – 108 = 192.
New cost = `125.
56. c Let the number of students in the class = x
 1  4
New consumption =  × 100 = unit. Increase in the total marks = 0.3x
 125  5
∴ 0.3x = (83 – 38)

CL Media
 4
1−  45
Re duction in consumption  5 1 ⇒x= = 150
= = , i.e. 1 : 5. 0.3
Original consumption 1 5
Alternative method:
47. c Sum of present ages of all the three
= 25 × 2 + 3 + 3 + 1 = 57 years Increase in marks
Total number of students =
Increase in average
57
∴ Average age of the family = = 19 years.
3 45
= = 150.
0.3
48. a Runs scored in first 20 overs = 20 × 4.2 = 84
Runs to be scored to reach the target = 312 – 84 = 228

∴ Required run rate =

228
= 7.6 .
Chapter 6 Time, Speed, Distance
30 and Time & Work
49. d Sum of ages of
A and B = 60 × 2 = 120 1. a A takes 7 × 9 = 63 hr.
C and D = 38 × 2 = 76
1
E and F = 10 × 2 = 20 ∴ In 1 hr A does of work.
63
∴ A + B + C + D + E + F = 120 + 76 + 20 = 216
B takes 6 × 7 = 42 hr.
216
Hence, the average age of the family = = 36 years. 1
6 ∴ In 1 hr B does of work.
42
50. c Total sales for 5 days 1 1
= `(6135 + 7227 + 6755 + 7430 + 6462) = `34009. (A + B)’s work in 1 hr = + .
63 42
∴ Required sales on the sixth day
= [(6600 × 6) – 34009] = `(39600 – 34009) 42  1 1  42
∴ (A + B) in hr =  + ×
= `5591. 5  63 42  5

Fundamentals of Page : 73
Quantitative Aptitude – I
 5. c A : B work done in same time = 10 : 16 = 5 : 8.
105 42 1
= × = (As B is 60% more efficient)
63 × 42 5 3 A can finish work in 12 days.
∴ Units of work = 12 × 5 = 60.
1
∴ Number of days = = 3 days.
 1 60
  ∴ B can finish work in days = 7.5 days.
3 8

1 2
1 6. d A’s 10 days’ work = × 10 = .
2. c A’s work in one day = . 25 5
80
 2 3
10 1 Remaining work =  1 −  =
∴ 10 days work = = .  5 5
80 8
 1 1
 1 7  +  work is done by (A + B) in 1 day
Work to be done by B =  1 −  = . 25 20 
 8 8
3 100 3
7 7 7 work is done by them in = × = 6.66 days.
x × 42 = , x = = . 5 9 5
8 42 × 8 336
Number of days = 10 + 6.66 = 16.66 days
336
Number of days required by B = = 48 days. 7. b Let A can finish a job in x days and B can do it in 2x days
7
1 1 1
1 1 128 ⇒ + =
A+B= + = 2x x 14
80 48 80 × 48
∴ x = 21 days.

SAMPLE
80 × 48
∴ Number of days = = 30 days. 8. b A + B = 72 days, B + C = 120 days, A + C = 90 days.
128
Assume units of work = 360 = [(LCM(72, 120, 90)].
3. c B’s work lasts 23 days. 360
(A + B)’s work in 1 day = = 5 units.
23 72
∴ Work done in 23 days by B = .
40 360
(B + C)’s units of work in 1 day = = 3 units.
 23  17 120
Remaining work =  1 −  = .

CL Media
 40  40
360
th (A + C)’s of work in 1 day = = 4 units.
 1 1 90
(A + B) in one day =  +
 45 40 
of work.
∴ 2(A + B + C) units in 1 day = 5 + 3 + 4 = 12.
17 12
Number of days required to finish of work (A + B + C)’s work in 1 day = = 6.
40 2
17 ( 40 × 45) 17 × 40 × 45 ∴ A’s work in 1 day = 6 – 3 = 3 units.
= × = = 9 days.
40 ( 45 + 40) 40 × 85 360
∴ A will finish 360 units in = 120 days.
3
4. a Work done A : B = 1 : 2.
Time taken A : B = 3 : 4. 9. b Assume a units of work = LCM of (12, 16) = 48.
∴ A works 1 unit in 3 hr.
48
(A + B)’s work in 1 day = = 4 units.
1 12
∴ In 1 hr = unit of work.
3
48
∴ B works 2 units in 4 hr. (B + C)’s work in 1 day = = 3 units.
16
2 (A + B) worked for 5 days = 4 × 5 = 20 units done.
∴ In 1 hr = unit of work.
4 (B + C) worked for 2 days = 3 × 2 = 6 units done.
Remaining work = 48 – 26 = 22 units.
1 1
∴ Work done per hour = A : B = : = 2:3 . C finishes in (13 – 2) days = 11 days.
3 2
22
∴ A + B can do 5 units in 1 day. ∴ Units of work in 1 day by C = = 2.
11
∴ A + B can do 5 × 18 units in 18 days.
∴ Total work = 90 units. 48
∴ Number of days required for C = = 24 days.
90 2
Time taken by B to complete the work = = 30 days.
3

Page : 74 Fundamentals of
Quantitative Aptitude – I
10. c Total work = 12 × 8 = 96. 17. a Assume total wages = 21 × 28.
12 men finish 6 days of work = 12 × 6 = 72. 28
∴ Work left = 96 – 72 = 24. A’s wages for 1 day = 21 × = 28.
21
Now number of men = 12 + 4 = 16.
21
24 1 B’s wages for 1 day = 28 × = 21.
∴ Time = = 1 = 1.5 days. 28
16 2
A + B’s wages of 1 day = 49.

11. b Due to stoppage, it covers 9 km less. 28

A + B’s wages will last for 21 × = 12 days.
49
 9 
Time taken to cover 9 km =  × 60 min = 10 min.
 54 
18. a A:B=1:2
C : (A + B) = 1.5 : 3
12. b 10 men in 20 days = 20 women in 15 days. If C does 1.5 units of work per day, A does 1 and B does 2.
∴ 5 men in 40 days and 10 women in 30 days. Total units done by C = 40 × 1.5 = 60.
∴ Number of units done by (A + B + C) in 1 day = 4.5, Hence
1
(5 men + 10 women) in days 60
 1 1 = 13.33 days.
 +  all three will take
40 30  4.5

1200 1 19. a Units to fill up = LCM(20, 15, 12) = 60.

= days = 17 days.
70 7 Units filled up by A, B, C in 1 min = 3, 4, 5
60
13. b Assume the units of work done = 24 = [LCM(12, 8)]. Time taken by (A + B + C) to fill up = = 5 min.
12
24

SAMPLE
Units of work done by R in a day = = 3.
8 20. c Say, capacity in units = LCM(10, 12, 20) = 60.

24 60 60 60
Rate of A, B, C per hour = , , = 6, 5 and 3 units.
Units of work done by S in a day = = 2. 10 12 20
12
In 2 days units of work done = 5. ∴ A + B = 11 units, C = 3 units.
In 8 days units of work done = 20. ∴ Per hour intake = 11 – 3 = 8 units.
In 9 days units of work done = 23. 60
On 10th day, work to be done = 24 – 23 = 1 unit. Time to fill up = = 7.5 hr.
8

CL Media
1
∴ Time required by S = days
2 21. d Capacity in units = LCM(9, 10) = 90.
Filling rate = 10 units/hr (i.e. 90/9).
1 Similarly, filling rate with leak = 9 units/hr (i.e. 90/10).
∴ Total time = 9 days.
2 ∴ Resultant outflow = 10 – 9 = 1 unit/hr.
Total outflow = 90 units.
14. b Units of work done = 220 = LCM (11, 20, 55).
90
Units of work in a day by A, B and C = 20, 11, 4. So time required = = 90 hr.
1
1st day = (A + B) = 31,
2nd day = (A + C) = 24,
work done in 2 days = 55. 22. d Say, capacity of tank = LCM(12, 15) = 60 units.
work done in 8 days = 220. 60 60
In 1 min total intake in units = + = 9.
12 15
15. b Assume units of work = 12 [LCM(4,6)]
In 3 minutes total intake in units = 9 × 3 = 27.
12 Units to be filled = 60 – 27 = 33.
A’s 1 hour work = = 3 units
4
33
Time taken by B = = 8.25 (8 min 15 sec).
12 4
B’S 1 hour work = = 2 units
6
∴ (A + B)’s 2 hour work = 3 + 2 = 5 units 23. c Let two pipes A and B are there
∴ In 4 hours 10 unit of work will be completed. 1 1 1
∴ + = , say A takes x hours to fill. Then B will take x
2 A B 12
Next 2 unit of work will take hr = 0.66 hours.
3 – 10 hr to fill the tank.
∴ Total time = 4 + 0.66 = 4.66 hours. 1 1 1 x − 10 + x 1
+ = ⇒ =
x x − 10 12 x ( x − 10 ) 12
16. b Assume the units of work = 18.
Father in 1 hr = 9 units. (6 + 3) 2x − 10 1
⇒ =
∴ Time taken = 2 hr. x ( x − 10 ) 12

Fundamentals of Page : 75
Quantitative Aptitude – I
 ⇒ 24x – 120 = x2 – 10x 30. c Let the normal speed be s km/hr and normal time be t hours.
⇒ x2 – 34x + 120 = 0
 11   5
⇒ x2 – 30x – 4x + 120 = 0 d = st ⇒ 40  t +  = 50  t + 
 60  60 
⇒ x(x – 30) – 4(x – 30) = 0
⇒ (x – 4)(x – 30) = 0 44 25
4t + = 5t +
⇒ x = 4, 30 60 60
∴ x = 30 hr ( Q x cannot be 4)
19
t= hr = 19 min
24. b 4 L per minute = 240 L per hour. 60
Let’s assume that capacity of tank = LCM(6, 8) = 24 units.
31. c By the time the trains cross each other, let one cover 110
24
When inlet is also opened, net outflow = km, second cover 90 km.
8 Ratio of speeds = Ratio of the distances covered
= 3 units per hour.
∴ 4 – 3 = 1 unit per hour of water contributed by the pipe. 110
= = 11: 9
∴ 1 unit = 240 L. 90
24 units = 24 × 240 = 5,760 L.
32. c Thief starts at 2.30 p.m.
25. b Say capacity of tank = 12 units. Owner starts at 3 p.m.
12  1  1
A can fill = = 2 units per hour. In 30 min  or hr  , the thief covers 60 ×
6 2  2
12 = 30 km
B can fill = = 3 units per hour. At that time
4
A + B alternately in 2 hr = 2 + 3 = 5 units. distance between them = 30 km,

SAMPLE
A + B alternately in 4 hr = 5 × 2 = 10 units. Relative speed = 75 – 60 = 15 km/hr.
In the 5th hour, A is opened. 30
∴ Owner will overtake the thief in = 2 hr,
∴ A fills the remaining 2 units. 15
∴ Total time = 5 hr. i.e. at 5 p.m.
26. c (a) Distance = Speed × Time = 48 × 10 = 480 km.
33. c Let speed of A = 3x km/hr and speed of B = 4x km/hr.
(b) To cover the same distance in 8 hr.
d 480 1
Speed = = = 60 km/hr. Time taken by A = tB + hr.
t 8 2

CL Media
∴ Speed must be increased by 60 – 48 = 12 km/hr. Time taken by B = tB hr
 1
d ⇒ s × t ⇒ 3x ×  tB +  = 4x × tB
84  2
27. b Total time = 60 + 24 = hr.
60 3 3 1 3
⇒ 3tB = = 4tB ⇒ tB = , t A = + = 2 hr.
2 / 3d 1 2 2 2 2
At 4 km/hr, time t1 = = d hr.
4 6
Short cut:
1/ 3d 1
At 5 km/hr, time t 2 = = d hr . Speed is inversely proportional to time taken.
5 15
d d 84 34. b Let the distance be d.
Total time = + = ⇒ d = 6 km.
6 15 60 d
Uphill travelling time = .
24
28. a Let his usual time be t hours and his usual speed be s km/hr.
d
3 Downhill travelling time = .
Distance d = st = s × (t + 2.5) 36
4
Total dis tance
⇒ 4t = 3t + 7.5 ⇒ t = 7.5 hr. ∴ Average speed =
Total time
2d 2 × 24 × 36 144
29. c Let his normal speed be s km/hr. = = = = 28.8 km/hr
Let his normal time be t hours. d
+
d 24 + 36 5
24 36
 1  1
d = st ⇒ 4  t −  = 3  t + 
 6  6
Total dis tance
4 3 7 35. c Average speed =
4t − = 3t + , t = hr. Total time
6 6 6
2500 + 1200 + 500 4200
 7 1 = = = 420 km/hr
Distance = 4 ×  −  = 4 km. 2500 1200 500 10
 6 6 + +
500 400 250

Page : 76 Fundamentals of
Quantitative Aptitude – I
36. c d=s×t
5
Speed of man = 4 km/hr = 4 × = 1.11 m/sec.
1 3
journey ( = 40 km) in of time ( = 6 hr ) 18
2 5
110 m 110
Total distance = 80 km. Time = = = 7.33 sec.
Total time = 10 hr. 16.11 − 1.11 15
80 = 40 + S2 × 4,
∴ S2 = 10 km/hr 44. d Length of the first train = 108 m. Its speed = 50 km/hr.
Length of the second train = 112 m.
37. d A = 2B, B = 2C. C takes 54 min. So, B would cover the same Let its speed = x km/hr.
Time to cross = 6 s
54
distance in half of the time = = 27 min.
2 108 + 112 220 × 18
⇒6= =
5 5 (50 + x )
27 (50 + x ) ×
18
So, time taken by A = min = 13.5 min.
2
250 + 5x = 660 ⇒ 5x = 410
x = 82 km/hr
SA 3
38. b = 45. d Length of the faster train
SB 4
Speed of A = 3x km/min. Speed of B = 4x km/min. 5 5
= (36 + 45) × × 8 m = 81 × × 8 = 180 m.
Distance is same. 18 18
d = SA × tA = SB × tB
3x × tA = 4x × 36; 46. b Length of the bridge = 1 km.
tA = 48 min Length of the train = 0.5 km.

SAMPLE
2
39. b To cross the platform the train has to cover Time to clear the bridge = 2 min = hr.
60
165 + 110 = 275 m.
5 110 1 + 0.5 1.5
= m/sec Speed = = × 60 = 45 km / hr .
132 km/hr = 132 × 2 / 60 2
18 3

275 47. a Let speed of the boat be x km/hr and speed of the stream be
t= × 3 = 7.5 sec
110 y km/hr.
13

CL Media
40. a t = 10 sec. Speed upstream = =x–y ... (i)
5
5
Speed = 90 km/hr = 90 × = 25 m/s. 28
18 Speed downstream = =x+y ... (iii)
5
Length = s × t = 25 × 10 = 250 m.
Solving for (y) ⇒ y = 1.5 km/hr.
41. d Total length to be covered
= Length of train + Length of platform 48. b Speed of the boat in still water be ‘x’ = 6 km/hr.
= 900 + 300 = 1200 m Let speed of the stream be ‘y’.
Total time = 60 + 12 = 72 sec x – y = 4.5 km/hr
∴ y = 1.5 km/hr
1200 50 50 18 ∴ Rate along the stream = (x + y) = 1.5 + 6 = 7.5 km/hr.
Speed = = m/s = × = 60 km/hr.
72 3 3 5
49. a Let x be the speed of the man in still water.
42. b Let length of the train be l m and its speed be x m/s. Speed of the river = 2 km/hr = ‘y’.
It crosses a pole in 15 sec. Speed upstream = x – y km/hr.
∴ l = 15 x … (i) Speed downstream = x + y km/hr.
It crosses a platform of 100 m long in 25 sec. (x – y)2t = (x + y)t
2(x – 2) = x + 2 ⇒ x = 6 km/hr.
100 + l
∴ = 25 … (ii)
x 50. a Speed of the stream = 1 km/hr.
Solving (i) and (ii), Let speed of the boat in still water = x km/hr.
100 + 15 x = 25 x Total time = 12 hr.
100 35 35  1 1   2x 
∴x = = 10 m/s ⇒ l = 150 m + +
12 =
x −1 x +1
= 35   = 35  2 
10  x − 1 x + 1  x − 1
12x2 – 70x – 12 = 0
43. c Length of the train = 110 m.
⇒ 6x2 – 35x – 6 = 0
5 ⇒ 6x2 – 36x + x – 6 = 0
Speed of the train = 58 × m/s = 16.11 m/sec.
18

Fundamentals of Page : 77
Quantitative Aptitude – I
 ⇒ 6x (x – 6) + 1 (x – 6) = 0 53. b The length of the track = 220 metres
⇒ (x – 6) (6x + 1) = 0 Two situations will arise in this, for meeting first time it will

⇒ x = 6 km/hr 1  220 
take   seconds = 110 seconds and after first meet
22 2  6 − 5
51. a Length of the track 2πr = 2 × × 21 = 132 metres
7 it will take 220 second for each consecutive meet, Because
for first meeting, they will have to fill the gap of half of the
132
∴ Speed of Ajay is m/minute and that of Bijay is length of the track.
6 So in 6 minutes (i.e. 360 seconds) they will meet two times.
132
m/minute 54. c They are running in opposite directions
8
3 They are running in same direction, Relative speed = 6 + 5 = 11 m/s
For meeting third time the distance they will have to cover
132 132 132
\ Relative Speed = − = m/minute 1
6 8 24 = 2 times of length of the track
2
132
\ Time taken to meet first time = = 24 minutes 5
132 = ´ 220 = 550 metres
2
24
(half for first and two for next two meetings)

52. c Time taken to meet first time at starting point = LCM of 6 and 550
Time taken = = 50 seconds
8 = 24 minutes 11
So they will meet second time after 2 × 24 = 48 minutes

SAMPLE
My Doubts

CL Media

Page : 78 Fundamentals of
Quantitative Aptitude – I