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Chapter 4

The document discusses fluid power engineering and pneumatic control circuits. It covers topics such as actuator control, repeated patterns, logic functions, electro-pneumatic circuits, and counting applications. Diagrams are provided to illustrate basic pneumatic control circuits using various valves and actuators to control things like single-acting and double-acting cylinders. Examples are given of circuits for tasks like parts feeding from a magazine. The document emphasizes best practices for layout and standards of pneumatic circuit diagrams.

Uploaded by

Razan Al Azzam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
28 views

Chapter 4

The document discusses fluid power engineering and pneumatic control circuits. It covers topics such as actuator control, repeated patterns, logic functions, electro-pneumatic circuits, and counting applications. Diagrams are provided to illustrate basic pneumatic control circuits using various valves and actuators to control things like single-acting and double-acting cylinders. Examples are given of circuits for tasks like parts feeding from a magazine. The document emphasizes best practices for layout and standards of pneumatic circuit diagrams.

Uploaded by

Razan Al Azzam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 4 4

Prepared by Dr. Musa Alyaman Fluid Power Engineering (0908463)


 Introduction
 Symbols and Standards
 Actuator control
 Repeated Patterns
 Logic Functions
 Electro Pneumatic

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Circuit layout
 The standard for circuit diagrams is ISO 1219-2.

 A4 format or A3 folded to A4 height for inclusion in a


manual with other A4 documentation.
 To be on several sheets if necessary with line
identification code.
 Minimum crossing lines.

 Limit valves position of operation by actuators shown by a


marker with reference code to symbol.
 Circuits should be drawn with all actuators at the top of
the page in order of sequential operation.
 Other components to be drawn in sequential order from
the bottom up and from left to right.
 Circuit should show the system with pressure applied and
ready to start.

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 A pair of the most basic of all valve types the 2/2 can be used to control a single acting cylinder.

 The normally closed position of the valve is produced by the spring.

 The operated position is produced by the push button.

 One valve admits air the other valve exhausts it.

A B C D

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 A 3 port valve provides the inlet and exhaust path and is the normal choice for
the control of a single acting cylinder.
 In the normal position produced by the spring, the valve is closed.
 In the operated position produced by the push button the valve is open.
 The push button must be held down for as long as the cylinder is out stroked.

 To control the outstroke speed of a single acting cylinder without controlling


the instroke speed, a uni-directional flow regulator is used.
 The flow into the cylinder closes the non return valve and can only pass through the
adjustable restrictor.
 By adjusting the restrictor the outstroke speed of the cylinder can be set.

 For independent speed control in each direction two flow regulators are
required.
 Installed in opposite directions to each other.
 Upper regulator controls the outstroke speed.
 Lower regulator controls the in stroking speed.

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 For a double acting cylinder the power and exhaust paths are switched simultaneously.

 When the button is pushed, the supply at port 1 is connected to port 4 and the outlet port 2 connected to exhaust port 3. The cylinder moves plus.

 When the button is released port 1 is connected to port 2 and port 4 connected to port 5. The cylinder moves minus.

 Independent speed control of the plus and minus movements:

 Valves with a spring return are mono-stable and need the operator to be held all the time that the cylinder is required in the plus position.

 Bi-stable valves will stay in the position they were last set.

 The 5/2 double pilot valve is bi-stable therefore the push button valves only need to be pulsed.

 Semi-automatic control with manual remote start of a double acting cylinder and automatic return

 Continuous automatic cycling from roller operated trip valves with manual Run and End of the automatic cycling.

8
Prepared by Dr. Musa Alyaman Fluid Power Engineering (0908463)
Example 1 (Feeding Workpieces from a Gravity Feed Magazine)

Problem Description:
 Using a single cylinder, workpieces are to be feed into a
jig from a gravity magazine.

 The piston rod is to extend when a pushbutton is pressed


and return to the start position when the push button is
released.

Components:
 3/2-Way Valve

 Single Acting Cylinder

 Service Unit

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 A repeat pattern sequence is one where the order of the
movements in the first half of the sequence is repeated in
the second half
 Each actuator may have one Out and In stroke only in the
sequence
 There may be any number of actuators in the sequence

 The signal starting the first movement must pass through


the Run/End valve
 Needs only the basic building blocks to solve

 Apply the rule “The signal given by the completion of each


movement will initiate the next movement”
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Question: Solve the following simple repeat pattern sequence: A+ C+ B+ A- C- B -

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 Divide the sequence in to groups. Always start a
sequence with the Run/End valve selecting group l
e.g. R/E | A+ B+ | B- C+ | C- A-
 Select the cylinder building blocks

 Select the cascade building block

 Interconnect the blocks as follows:


 The first function in each group is signalled directly by
that group supply
 The last trip valve operated in each group is supplied
with main supply air and selects the next group
 The remaining trip valves are supplied with air from
their respective groups and initiate the next function
 The “run/end” valve will control the signal from the last
trip valve to be operated
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Example 2 (Parts Feeding)
1S1

Problem Description:
 Production parts are moving an actuator away from a gravity
feed magazine toward an assembly device
 Two push buttons are to be incorporated in the circuit. When

100%

100%
either of these is actuated, parts are to be feed.
 The return stroke is initiated by the actuator after it reaches
4 2
the end of the forward rotation.
 The forward and return strokes are to be adjustable 2
1 1 5 3

Components: 2 2
1

 5/2-Way Valve 2

 3/2-Way Valve 1 3 1 3 1S1

 Double Acting Cylinder 1 3


 Shuttle Valve

 Flow Controls

 Service Unit

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 Counting applications are best achieved with
electro-mechanical or programmable electronic
counters
 Pneumatic counting circuits use large numbers of
logic valves and can be slow
 The counting chain shown will count to 4

 Red and blue are non-overlapping alternate


pulses, purple is the reset line

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 The counting circuit is applied to count 4
strokes of a cylinder
 At rest all counting valves are held reset by
the start valve
 Start out stroke ‘A’

 Alternate signals from ‘a1’ and ‘a0’


progresses operation of the counting valves
up the chain
 On the 4th operation of ‘a1’ the green signal
resets the start valve to stop the cylinder

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Latching

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