A DETAILED LESSON PLAN IN SCIENCE FOR GRADE 10

March 23, 2023

Content Standard:
Learners demonstrate an understanding of the information stored in DNA as being used
to make proteins.
Learning Competency:
Learners should be able to explain how proteins are made using information from DNA.
S10LT-IIId-37
Performance Standard:
Learners should be able to demonstrate the central dogma of the transfer of genetic
information using a model of DNA template.
I. OBJECTIVE
At the end of a 60-minute period, the Grade 10 learners will be able to:
1. Construct a basic model of DNA Replication.
2. Explain how DNA replication takes place.

II. SUBJECT MATTER

A.Topic: Central Dogma:DNA Replication
B.Time allotment
60 minutes
C.Reference
Science Grade 10 Teacher’s Guide 195-198;
Science Grade 10 Teacher’s Material pages 268-271

D. Materials
TV, Laptop, Activity Sheet, crayons, scissors, paste/tape, and 1/4 size illustration
board or long size folder
E. Skills
Analyzing, Constructing, Observing.
F. Science Concept
DNA plays a crucial role in inheritance and variation. It carries the genetic
information that is passed from parents to offspring and is responsible for
transmitting traits and characteristics from one generation to the next.
III. PROCEDURE / TEACHING STRATEGY
Teacher’s Activity Learner’s Activity

Preliminary Activities (5 minutes)

Prayer (a student will stand in front and leads the prayer)
Can someone please lead the prayer? (students will pray together)
Amen.
Good afternoon,
Good afternoon

Good Afternoon class! Welcome to Grade 10 Einstein

Please sit down.

Checking of Attendance None Sir!

Is anyone absent today?

Very good!

Checking of Assignment Yes, Sir.

Last meeting I gave you an assignment.
(students will pass their assignments silently)
Pass your assignments forward.

`
Do you have some questions about your None Sir!
assignment?
Elicit (5 minutes)

We will Play a game first to test out how much you

still remember regarding our last meeting .

TRUE OR FALSE KMT

1. True or False: DNA is a double-stranded 1. True

molecule, while RNA is single-stranded. 2. False
2. True or False: Both DNA and RNA are
3. True
composed of only nucleotides.
4. True
3. True or False: DNA contains the sugar
deoxyribose, while RNA contains the sugar
5. False
ribose.
4. True or False: DNA uses the base thymine
(T), while RNA uses the base uracil (U).
5. True or False: DNA and RNA can be found in
both the nucleus and cytoplasm.

Engage ( 5 minutes)

What can you observe about the picture? It’s a model of DNA sir.

There is new and there is old sir

The model of DNA splits sir.

Something about creation of new DNA strands

What do you think is our lesson for today? sir.

We will find out based on our lesson objectives for

today.
Lesson Objective:
Natividad, please read the Lesson Objective for At the end of a 60-minute Period, we will be
today. able to:

1. Construct a basic model of DNA

Replication.
2. Explain how DNA replication takes place.

`
 Unlocking of Terms:
1. DNA: is a nucleic acid that carries
Unlocking of Terms: genetic information in living organisms, it
contains the instructions for building and
1. DNA maintaining an organism.
2. Replication: is the process by which an
2. Replication exact copy or replica of a molecule, such
as DNA or RNA, is produced. It involves
the duplication of the molecule's
structure and sequence, resulting in two
identical molecules.

Explore (10 minutes)

Students will group themselves into 5 groups with 7
members.

Activity 2
DNA Makes DNA
Objective: (Proceeds to do the activity)
Make a model of a DNA template to determine the
sequence of bases in the new DNA strand.
Materials: crayons, scissors, paste/tape, and
1/4 size illustration board or long size folder

Procedure:
1. Use the patterns of the components of the DNA
provided by your
teacher. Color code phosphate = blue, deoxyribose
sugar = green and
nitrogenous bases as follows: adenine = yellow,
thymine = pink, guanine
= violet and cytosine = red.
2. Cut out the shapes of each nucleotide.
3. Build a model of a strand of a DNA molecule. The
strand should contain
6 base “rungs” following the given order of the
nucleotides below.
Guanine
Adenine
Cytosine
Thymine
Cytosine
Guanine

4. Tape the cut-out pattern to form the nucleotides.

5. Let this arrangement represent the left half of your
DNA molecule.
6. Make a complementary strand for the first strand
that you made in step
7. Tape the cut-out pattern forming nucleotides for
the second strand of the DNA molecule.
8. Match the bases of the first strand and the second
strand. Do not tape across bases.
9. Once you have made your DNA model, separate
the two strands of the DNA model down the middle
so that there are now two single strands of DNA.
10.Create new double-stranded DNA by matching
complementary nucleotides to the bases on each
single strand.
11. Tape and then cut out the pattern forming the
nucleotides for each of the single nucleotides.
12.When you are finished, mount the original DNA
model and the DNA

`
model with its complementary strand in the illustration
board or folder
Guide Questions:

Q1. Compare the two new strands of DNA. Are they

the same or different? Why?
Q2. How do the nucleotides in DNA pair?
Q3. How do you compare a DNA molecule to a
zipper?
Q4. How is information from the DNA passed on from
one cell to another?
Q5. How does the structure of a DNA molecule help
account for the great variety of life that exists on
earth?

Explain
(after 10 minutes)
Time’s up! It is now time to present your answers.
Q1. Compare the two new strands of DNA. Are they Each new strand formed is a complement of one
the same or different? Why? of the original strands. The result is the formation
of two DNA molecules containing the original
DNA strand and the complementary daughter
strands. The two new daughter strands are also
complementary to each other.

The two chains of nucleotides in a DNA molecule

are held together by hydrogen bonds between
Q2. How do the nucleotides in DNA pair?
the bases. In DNA, cytosine forms three
hydrogen bonds with guanine, and thymine forms
two hydrogen bonds with adenine.

The pairing of the bases produces a long, two-

stranded molecule that is often compared to a
Q3. How do you compare a DNA molecule to a zipper. If you look at a zipper, the sides of the
zipper? zipper represent the sugar and phosphate units,
while the teeth of the zipper represent the pairs of
nitrogenous bases of the DNA.

Before a cell can divide by mitosis or meiosis, it

must first make a copy of its chromosomes. The
DNA in the chromosomes are then copied in a
Q4. How is information from the DNA passed on from process called DNA replication.
one cell to another?
The variety of life forms is encoded in the DNA
sequences of these organisms. More variations
are alternative forms of genes crossover and
recombine in meiosis. Production of different
gametes containing different sets of these genes
Q5. How does the structure of a DNA molecule help
and subsequent fusion with other gametes result
account for the great variety of life that exists on
in a myriad of variations in the population.
earth?

Elaborate ( 15 minutes)

DNA is copied during interphase prior to mitosis and

meiosis. It is important that new copies are exactly
like the original molecule. The structure of the DNA
provides a mechanism for making accurate copies of
the molecule. The process of making copies of DNA
is called Replication.

A DNA “unzips” to form two strands, as shown in

Figure. Notice that, as the molecule unzips, the base
pairs separate. Each single strand of DNA then picks

`
up bases present in the cell’s cytoplasm. In this way,
two complete molecules of DNA are created.

Now let us look at the step by step process of

DNA replication

Step 1.An enzyme called DNA helicase breaks the

bond between nitrogenous bases. The two strands of
DNA Split
Step 2. The bases attached to each strand then pair
up with the free nucleotides found in the cytoplasm.
The complementary nucleotides are added to each
strand by DNA polymerase to form new strands.
Step 3.Two new DNA molecules, each with a parent
strand and each with a new strand are formed. The
DNA replication is known as semi-conservative
replication, because one of the old strands is
conserved in each new molecule.

Let us watch a video on how DNA replication

happens. This video is from: Your genome, titled:
DNA replication - 3D

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TNKWgcFPHqw

Class, do you think we have achieved our lesson

objectives for today?
Because we have achieved our objectives, we will
have a short quiz.

Yes, sir!
Evaluate (5 minutes)
Get 1/2 sheet of paper. Write your name, section,
and date.
1. What is the purpose of DNA replication? 1. c) To create exact copies of DNA
a) To repair damaged DNA 2. a) Helicase
b) To produce RNA molecules 3. c) They separate and act as templates
for new strands

`
 c) To create exact copies of DNA 4. b) Bonding the newly added nucleotides
d) To generate genetic diversity together to form a new strand
2. Which enzyme is responsible for breaking 5. a) Because one DNA strand is
the bond between nitrogenous bases during completely conserved while the other is
DNA replication? newly synthesized
a) Helicase
b) DNA polymerase
c) Ligase
d) RNA polymerase
3. What happens to the two strands of DNA
during DNA replication?
a) They remain intact and unchanged
b) They break down into individual
nucleotides
c) They separate and act as templates for
new strands
d) They combine to form a double helix
structure
4. What is the role of DNA polymerase in DNA
replication?
a) Breaking down the DNA molecule into
individual nucleotides
b) Bonding the newly added nucleotides
together to form a new strand
c) Unwinding the double helix structure of
DNA
d) Separating the two strands of DNA
5. Why is DNA replication referred to as semi-
conservative replication?
a) Because one DNA strand is completely
conserved while the other is newly
synthesized
b) Because the process involves the use of
both DNA and RNA molecules
c) Because it occurs only in the presence of
specific enzymes
d) Because it leads to the formation of new
DNA molecules with different sequences

Extend (Assignment) (2 Minutes).

Put your answer in an A4 paper.

Search for a detailed model of DNA replication and

write down its components and their function.

Any questions or clarifications?

None Sir
Okay then let’s call this a day. Goodbye, class!

Goodbye,

Goodbye Teachers
Thank you for teaching us and God bless you!

`
`