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Types of Compressors

There are several main types of compressors that operate using different mechanical principles to compress gases. Reciprocating compressors use pistons to compress gas as they move back and forth. Rotary compressors include vane, screw, and scroll compressors which use rotating parts to trap and compress gas. Centrifugal compressors use an impeller to accelerate gas radially and convert its kinetic energy to pressure. Axial compressors compress gas axially using multiple rows of rotating and stationary blades. Dynamic displacement compressors like liquid ring and diaphragm compressors displace gas using dynamic mechanisms. The appropriate compressor depends on required flow rate, pressure ratio, and application needs.

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50 views2 pages

Types of Compressors

There are several main types of compressors that operate using different mechanical principles to compress gases. Reciprocating compressors use pistons to compress gas as they move back and forth. Rotary compressors include vane, screw, and scroll compressors which use rotating parts to trap and compress gas. Centrifugal compressors use an impeller to accelerate gas radially and convert its kinetic energy to pressure. Axial compressors compress gas axially using multiple rows of rotating and stationary blades. Dynamic displacement compressors like liquid ring and diaphragm compressors displace gas using dynamic mechanisms. The appropriate compressor depends on required flow rate, pressure ratio, and application needs.

Uploaded by

abuzar12533
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Types of Compressors

Compressors are mechanical devices used to increase the pressure of a gas by reducing
its volume. They play a crucial role in various applications, including refrigeration, air
conditioning, industrial processes, and gas compression. There are several types of
compressors, each with its unique operating principles and applications. Here are some
common types of compressors:

1. Reciprocating Compressors:

 Reciprocating compressors use pistons driven by a crankshaft to compress gas.


As the piston moves back and forth inside a cylinder, it alternately draws in and
compresses the gas. Reciprocating compressors are widely used in
applications requiring high pressure ratios and relatively low flow rates, such as
small-scale air compressors, refrigeration systems, and some industrial
processes.

2. Rotary Compressors:

 Rotary Vane Compressors: Rotary vane compressors use a rotor with vanes
that slide in and out of slots to compress gas. As the rotor spins, the vanes
create chambers that decrease in volume, compressing the gas. Rotary vane
compressors are compact, efficient, and suitable for medium-pressure
applications such as air conditioning, refrigeration, and industrial air
compression.

 Rotary Screw Compressors: Rotary screw compressors use two intermeshing


rotors with helical screws to compress gas. As the rotors rotate, the gas is
trapped between the screw threads and compressed as it moves along the
length of the rotors. Rotary screw compressors are commonly used in
applications requiring continuous and high-volume compressed air, such as
industrial manufacturing, pneumatic tools, and gas pipelines.

 Rotary Scroll Compressors: Rotary scroll compressors use two spiral-shaped


scrolls—one fixed and one orbiting—to compress gas. As the orbiting scroll
rotates, it moves in a circular motion, trapping and compressing the gas
between the scrolls. Rotary scroll compressors are known for their smooth and
quiet operation and are used in applications such as air conditioning,
refrigeration, and automotive air compressors.

3. Centrifugal Compressors:

 Centrifugal compressors use a rotating impeller to accelerate gas radially


outward and into a diffuser, where its kinetic energy is converted into pressure
energy. Centrifugal compressors are suitable for high-flow, low-pressure ratio
applications such as gas turbines, air separation plants, and large-scale
industrial processes. They offer high efficiency, reliability, and smooth operation
over a wide range of operating conditions.
4. Axial Compressors:

 Axial compressors use multiple rows of rotating and stationary airfoils (blades
and stators) to compress gas axially along the compressor axis. The gas flows
through the compressor in a series of stages, with each stage increasing the
pressure incrementally. Axial compressors are commonly used in aircraft
engines, gas turbines, and turbochargers for their high efficiency and compact
design.

5. Dynamic Displacement Compressors:

 Dynamic displacement compressors, such as liquid ring compressors and


diaphragm compressors, use dynamic displacement principles to compress
gas. Liquid ring compressors use a rotating liquid ring to create compression,
while diaphragm compressors use flexible diaphragms to displace gas. These
compressors are used in specialized applications requiring oil-free and
pulsation-free compression, such as chemical and pharmaceutical industries,
vacuum systems, and gas recovery processes.

a) These are some of the main types of compressors used in various industries and
applications. The choice of compressor depends on factors such as required flow rate,
pressure ratio, efficiency, reliability, operating conditions, and specific application
requirements.

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