NUMBER SYSTEM  Difficulty – It is difficult to perform number

system arithmetic.
 Number or Numerical system is a writing system for
 Positional Number System
expressing numbers that is a mathematical notation
o A system for presentation of number by an
for representing numbers of a given set, using digits or
ordered set of Numerical Symbols (called
other symbols in a consistent manner.
digits) in which the value of the numerical
 In computer the main numerical system is based on the symbols depends on its position
positional system in base2 (Binary Numerical system) o Characteristics
POSITIONAL SYSTEM  Use only a few symbols called digits
 These symbols represent different value
 Binary Number System (Base-2) depending on the position they occupy in
 Decimal Number System (Base-10) the Number
 Octal Number System (Base-8)  The value of each digit is determined by
 Hexadecimal Number System (Base-16) 1. The digit itself
2. The position of the digit is in the
TWO TYPES OF NUMBER SYSTEM number
3. The base of the number system
 A Non-Positional Number System
o uses of a limited number of symbols in which each BINARY SYSTEM/ BASE SYSTEM
 Binary Number System is one of the four types of
symbols have a value.
number system. In computer application, where binary
 Fix Value
numbers are represented by only two symbols or digits, 0
 Occupies
and 1.
 Use Limited
 The Binary Number are expressed in the base-2 numeral
o Characteristics
system as the positional notation with 2 as a radix
 Uses symbols such as I for 1, II for 2, III
(number of unique digits)
for 3, IIII for 4 and IIIII for 5, etc.
 It is commonly applied internally by almost all latest
 Each symbol represents the same value
computers and computer-based devices because of its
regardless of its position in the number
direct implementation in electronic circuits using logic
 The symbols are simply added to find out
gates. Every digit is referred to as a bit.
the value of a particular number.
  What is Bit in Binary Number?
o A single binary digit is called BIT.
Uses of Binary Number System
o A binary number consists of several bits.
 10101 is a five-bit binary number  Binary numbers are commonly used in computer
 101 is a three-bit binary number applications.
 100001 is a six-bit binary number  All the coding and the languages in computers such as C,
C++, Java, etc. use binary digits 0 and 1 to wrote a
FACTS TO REMEMBER: program or encode any digital data.
1. Binary numbers are made up of only 0’s and 1’s.
2. A binary number is represented with a base-2
3. A bit is a single binary digit. DECIMAL NUMBER SYSTEM

 The Decimal Number System has a base of 10 because it

uses ten-digit from 0 to 9.
BINARY NUMBERS TABLE  In this number system, the positions successive to the
left of the decimal point represent units, tens, hundreds,
Numbers Binary Number Binary Number Binary
thousands and so on.
Number Number Number
 This system is expressed in decimal numbers.
1 1 11 1011 21 10101
2 10 12 1100 22 10110 Example: The decimal number 1457 consists of the digit 7 in the
3 11 13 1101 23 10111 unit’s position, 5 in the tens place, 4 in the hundreds position,
4 100 14 1110 24 11000 and 1 in the thousands place whose value can be written as:
5 101 15 1111 25 11001
6 110 16 10000 26 11010
7 111 17 10001 27 11011
8 1000 18 10010 28 11100
9 1001 19 10011 29 11101
10 1010 20 10100 30 11110 OCTAL NUMBER SYSTEM

 In the Octal Number System, the base is 8 and it uses

numbers from 0 to 7 to represent numbers.
  Octal numbers are commonly used in computer NUMBER SYSTEM CHART
applications.
 Converting an octal number to decimal is the same as
decimal conversion and is explained below using an
example.

Example: Convert 2158 into decimal.

Solution:

In the number system chart, the base values and digits

of different number systems can be found.
HEXADECIMAL NUMBER SYSTEM

 Numbers are written with base-16. NUMBER SYSTEM CONVERSION

 In this number system, the numbers are first represented
 Numbers can be represented in any of the number
just like in the decimal system, from 0 to 9. Then, the
system categories such as binary, decimal, octal and
numbers are represented using the alphabet from A to F.
hexadecimal.
The table given below shows the representation of numbers in  Any number which is represented in any of the number
the hexadecimal number system. system types can be easily converted to another.
 With the help of different conversion procedures
explained, let us discuss the conversion of one number
system to the other number system by taking a random
number.
 Example: Assume the number 349. Thus, the number
349 in different number systems is as follows:
o The number 349 in the binary number system is
101011101
 o The number 349 in the decimal number system is
349.
o The number 349 in the octal number system is
535.
o The number 349 in the hexadecimal number
system is 15D

COMPUTER NUMERAL SYSTEM

(NUMBER SYSTEM IN COMPUTERS)

 When we type any letter or word, the computer

translates them into numbers since computers can
understand only numbers
 A computer can understand only a few symbols called
digits and these symbols describe different values
depending on the position they hold in the number.
 In general, the binary number system is used in
computers. However, the octal, decimal, and hexadecimal
systems are also used sometimes.