Unit I i Signals and systems Page Ho 01

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Date
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signats
L

PLC
) ciruit
cyctern
cigral signat

It ii a physical quantity ohich contains ioformatioo It

is math mati cals express ed a a funcion of independent
vauiable.
’ independert vasiable

In o0. 0F independert vauiable

System.
It is an inteuconbe ction 6£ physica component ohich is
u9edto cODreNt one form 0f signu to othet form

ilp signdSystem ’olp signal

vC,ict) ’ sig nal

Types of signal.

Contiouous Tine signal C ECt), YCt) ,ict)]

Cortinuos sighals re defined for erers instart of

time
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signat
A
Dis Hete Time signal

bis Hete time signal aHe clefined only for dscro

instant of time
2

x[o inteqey value

2

Co]0 x-J-2
x(-2] =-3

Elemantauy signals

Unit step Function Isignal 27 Unit ramp funchion

rC

37 Dnit faxabolis
cigncd 47 unit Inpulse signal

rlt

t t
57 sinwoidat kignal 7 Exponentiau signa
rce

signa 0pexations

Time shieting opexation

Et to

nk2Ctt2) TCttto) tve sign, dranced shi Fing

TCt-2)0t- to -ve sign delay shng

cb Qdvanted

2 2 -S

ACE-3)
delay shift to right

5
 Dute

-3

Ampitude scaiínq

eg
AA
Tíme sc aling

2
-112 2)2

cbT

-/ (02) 2|(|2)

T(2tt2)

TT(2t+2

1/2
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ReveHSaU OF Signa

T(-2tt3) = 2

-2 3

shifting
Ctt3)

-5

Scaling.
(2tt3

-5|2

ReveHsal
T0-2t t2)

5|2
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Find a (- Ht te) and ( - 4t - ) .

shifting

(t-8)
-14 2

Scoling

-4

4t te
1(-4t-8

Elementay signdis
Unit step cignal
Step fun thon is that elementary fun ction obich exb
Dnly for tve time
Tn unit step fup cthon the nagoitude is l or unit
It I represented by yct in cooiouow time signa
and ucn) is dis ete tìme sigo
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Shifted step signal

t

Unit Ramp si qoad or

fuptioD
rct)
AIfor unit namp
rct) = At t70
rt) = O t<o

Shited Ramp signa

rt A for unit ramp
rCt-a)= ACt-a) ty 0
rct-a)= 0tL0

Unit Paabolic signat

7PtJ
pct) = A. l2 tyo

Shifted Pan abolic signal

PCt
tyÓ
2

bnit im pulse siqoa)

SCt)
SCt) =| t=0
s (t) = o t0
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QUe
Find x C2t t2)

Ct+2)
son LC2tt2)
-3
-342
xC-2tt2)

Ct+3) actt3)
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57 Additibo bF signals
Theisun of too continuot/s tim sìqngls (t) ang
aa Ct) can he obtained by adding
tbeir value ct any
similarhy, sbhacion o£ one coohinuou) tìme sigral
2(t) from Ti(t) can be obtaned by
Of Ig Ct) fom TCt
qt
subhracthog the vot
arery instant

0ts| C(t) =2
22 Ct) F samp from o to l
C1 t) t 1 Ct) = 2 to
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3<t< H I(t) = 2

revese samp from

o
ann samp
plrtude to
3
ith
2

muttiplicqtion of cigrals
The muthplicahon 0£ to0
can be obtai ned by mu continuow time signas
thplyìng their value) at eve
iDstant.

2 3
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At t=0’T (t) = 2 At t | I(t)=2

2(t) = |
t) 20(t) = (12= 2 CI Ct).Ialt) = 2

At t=3’ | tt) = D
A(t) = 2