THE OFFICIAL NEWSLETTER OF THE ISPRS STUDENT CONSORTIUM

SPECTRUM VOL. NO. 16 ISSUE NO. 3 | DECEMBER 2023

AP P L I CATIO N S O F
U NDERWAT ER R E MOTE SE N SIN G

MAPPING CORAL REEFS WITH

PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND
COMPUTER VISION
Remote Sensing for Sustainable
Environment: From Land to Water
PA R TI C IPA T I O N O F I SP R S S C IN
ISPR S G S W 20 2 3 , C A I R O
 CONTENTS
02 | MESSAGE FROM THE BOARD
03 | BACKSIGHT
Report on the ISPRS SC Summer School 2023 Taiwan
Remote Sensing for Sustainable Environment: From Land to Water
Participation of ISPRS SC in ISPRS GSW 2023, Cairo

09 | SPOTLIGHTS
Mapping coral reefs with photogrammetry and computer vision by Dr. Devis Tuia

11 | I F OV
Dr. Dimitrios Skarlatos
Dr. Emad Khalil
Dr. Gottfried Madlburger

22 | UPCOMING EVENTS

24 | SCHOLARSHIPS AND OPPORTUNITIES

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 Daryl Ann CABUYADAO Efthymios - Spyridon GEORGIU
Sileola Charles ASUNBIARO Chukwuma John OKOLIE
DESIGN TEAM Nicolas PUCINO
PROOFREADERS

Chukwuma John OKOLIE S.K.P.KUSHWAHA

CO-LEAD EDITOR-IN-CHIEF

Hi there!

On behalf of the ISPRS SC Board of Directors, I would like to thank you for taking the time to read
the current issue of our newsletter. We sincerely appreciate your support!

The theme of this issue is Applications of Underwater Remote Sensing. According to National
Geographic and the National Oceanography Centre, more than 80% of our oceans remain unexplored and
roughly 25% of the ocean floors have been mapped. As a fellow mapping professional and enthusiast, I hope
you were as excited as I was when you discovered that information! This presents us with numerous oppor-
tunities to put our skills to the test and challenges to develop novel techniques that could usher in a new era
of mapping and provide solutions to problems for our colleagues in other disciplines.

So Kindly dive into the wonderful contribution of worldwide respected scientists in the field of un-
derwater Remote Sensing. We have Dr. Dimitrios Skarlatos, Dr. Emad Khalil and Dr. Gottfried Madlburger
in the IFOV Section and Dr. Devis Tuia in the spotlight section in the newsletter.

Lastly, I would like to convey my heartfelt gratitude to everyone who contributed to making this
newsletter possible!

MIGUEL LUIS R. LAGAHIT

Social Media Coordinator, ISPRS SC

2
 Report on the International Society for
Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing
(ISPRS) Student Consortium Summer
School 2023 Taiwan
Remote Sensing for Sustainable Environment: From Land to Water

Chi-Kuei Wang, Chao-Hung Lin, and Jiann-Yeou Rau

National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan

Arrival of Summer School participants from ACRS venue in Tainan

T his five-days summer school covered several lectures, hands-

on training, mobile lidar scanning (MLS) Live Demonstration,
social activities, and museum and city tour. Through those
scheduled activities, ISPRS Summer School has fulfilled its purpose
to link young researchers/students from different countries who
are interested in photogrammetry, remote sensing, and spatial
information sciences. This summer school also becomes an
engaging and friendly platform for them to get wider networking
and collaboration as well as worthwhile scientific discussion. The
lectures covered various interesting fields of Remote Sensing
The ISPRS Student Consortium Sum- such as Sustainable Agriculture, Sustainable Urban, Sustainable
mer School 2023 was hosted by Na- Terrestrial, Sustainable Water, Sustainable Plant, and Sustainable
tional Cheng Kung University, Taiwan Building which were divided into 14 sessions. Furthermore, this
from November 3rd to 8th, 2023. This summer school also consists of hands-on training including LiDAR
summer school was themed “Remote and SAR data processing through open-source software (SNAP,
Sensing for Sustainable Environment: CloudCompare), open-source programming language (python
From Land to Water”. A total of 28 of programming language), and commercial software (Aura).
students with nationality of Taiwan,
Philippines, Indonesian, India, Mon-
golia, and Belgium. 23 students have
completed the summer school.
O ne day before the summer school began, the participants
were picked-up from the Asian Conference on Remote
Sensing (ACRS) 2023, Taipei by bus. The following day, the summer
3 BACKSIGHT
 Opening Ceremony

school was opened by Prof. Chi-Kuei Wang where he tinued by the second speakers, Prof. Ruisheng Wang
shared the information about the summer school and who gave a lecture titled “Sustainable Urban: Aerial
introduced the first and second speakers, Mr. An-Te LiDAR and Image for Urban”. In his lectures, he cov-
Huang from The Climate Corporation, USA and Prof. ered the topics of traditional urban mapping, intro-
Ruisheng Wang from University of Calgary, Canada. duction to 2D and 3D deep learning, and shared his
Then, the summer school continued with the speech research experience about Building3D dataset &
from the ISPRS Student Consortium representative, benchmarks which can give the students more insight
Miguel Luis R. Lagahit who shared about The ISPRS about the usage of LiDAR and Image for Urban map-
Student Consortium. ping. After the sessions ended, the participants joined
the buffet dinner and ice breaking party at night to

T he first lecture
was started by
get to know each other.

Mr. An-Te Huang

who gave a lecture ti-
tled “Sustainable Ag-
T he second day was lectured by Assoc. Prof. Shih-
Yuan Lin from National Chengchi University,
Taipei. His lecture was about “Sustainable Terrestrial:
riculture: LiDAR-De- SAR Theory and Practice”. In the morning sessions, he
rived Crop Features”. gave a lecture about the theory of Synthetic Aperture
He gave the lecture Radar (SAR) and his experience in SAR data processing.
in two sessions. His Then, the lecture was continued by hands-on practice
lecture sessions in- on SAR data processing using SNAP software after
cluded LiDAR data lunch. In this session, students learned about how to
processing to derive download SAR data (Sentinel-1) from one of SAR data
crop feature using sources (Copernicus Data Space Ecosystem) and how
python programming to open the data using SNAP software. Besides, the
language. In the first students also learned about how to generate DEM
session, he gave an from SAR data and detecting an earthquake event
introduction of the using DInSAR (Case 2018 Hualien Earthquake). The
library used for Li- second day was closed with the night market tour. In
DAR data processing the night market, the students were introduced to
in python. After the coffee break, he continued the the Taiwan local foods and games.
lecture in deriving the crop features based on LiDAR
data using python. After lunch, the lecture was con-

BACKSIGHT 4
Second Day Night Market Visit

by Assoc. Prof. Chih-Hua Chang from National Cheng

Kung University. In the first session, the lecture
consisted of several topics such as the fundamental
of interaction of light and matter, introduction
to Inherent Optical Properties (IOPs) and their
measurement, and biogeochemical proxies & bio-
optical models. In the second session, he continued
them more excited. In order to finish the day, the
explaining about radiometry and Apparent Optical
students had hotpot dinner.
Properties (AOPs), and introduction of ocean color
inversion techniques which finished at lunch time.
After lunch, the participants went to Chimei Museum
visit by train. The students were very excited to see
T he following day started with the lecture by Prof.
Cho-Ying Huang from National Taiwan University
titled “Sustainable Plant: Sun-Induced Chlorophyll
the museum collection. The students also had an
Fluorescence”. Firstly, he introduced vegetation
opportunity to watch a digital orchestra which made
indices such as Normalized Difference Vegetation
Index (NDVI), orthogonal-based indices, Soil Adjusted
Vegetation Index (SAVI), Enhanced Vegetation Index
(EVI). Here, he explained the process to get each
vegetation index and gave a very attractive lecture.
After that, he explained the main topic which is Solar-
Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence (SIF) and shared
his experience about it. After lunch, the students
had another tour to the National Museum of Taiwan
Literature, Tainan Judicial Museum, and Tainan Old
Town. In the National Museum of Taiwan Literature,
the students had an explanation about the growth of
literature in Taiwan, especially Tainan. In the Tainan
Judicial Museum, the students learned more about
the history of law in Tainan and the history of the
building itself.

Fourth Day Lectures and Tainan Old Town Visit

I n the final day, there is a live demonstration using
Backpack Mobile Laser Scanning (MLS). The
lecture was given by Mr. Hsuan-Sheng Lin from

5 BACKSIGHT
Zhong Han Technology titled “Sustainable Building:
Backpack MLS Live Demonstration”. In the first ses-
sion, he gave an introduction about the Mobile Laser
Scanning technology. Then, after coffee break was
the live demonstration of Backpack MLS. The stu-
dents were very excited to join the demonstration to
try the instrument. After that, some students had an
opportunity to carry the backpack to do the measure- school was a great success.
ments. The lecture continued with data processing,
the speaker demonstrated the point cloud data visu-
alization using commercial software (Aura) and open-
source software (CloudCompare). Furthermore, all
F inally, we would like to express our deepest
gratitude to Mr. An-Te Huang, Prof. Ruisheng
Wang, Assoc. Prof. Shih-Yuan Lin, Assoc. Prof. Chih-
participants were en- Hua Chang, Prof. Cho-Ying Huang, and Mr. Hsuan-
couraged to share Sheng Lin. We would also like to thank all participants
their experiences who made this summer school a success. Moreover,
of the summer we would like to convey our utmost gratitude to all
school and the the sponsors who have contributed to this event,
certificates namely ISPRS Student Consortium, Ministry of
were given to Interior (MOI) Taiwan, College of Engineering NCKU,
them. Overall, Department of Geomatics NCKU, and National Land
the summer Surveying and Mapping Center (NLSC) Taiwan.

Closing Ceremony

BACKSIGHT 6
ISPRS SC Current BODs in front of their booth (from left to
right: Miguel, Yogender, Laxmi, Sunni, and Nick; BOD member
Chukwuma John Okolie is missing in the picture)
Chapters were a hot topic during GSW Cairo;
students, scientists and professors from different
universities and institutions visited our booth and
Participation of were particularly akin to starting student chapters
locally and we are looking forward to collaborating
ISPRS SC in ISPRS with them. We also introduced Discord, our very
new comminication and discussion channel to
GSW 2023, Cairo connect students with us and experts in the area of
photogrammetry, remote sensing and geographical
information systems. Additionally, we organized a

I SPRS Geospatial Week 2023 in Cairo was a

memorable experience for the ISPRS SC Board
of Directors (BODs) team. We, the ISPRS SC
youth presentation forum where students and their
representatives presented about their research. We
also discussed about how ISPRS SC is working and
BODs, were finally able to meet in person for the
how students or young professionals can get involved
first time after more than 2 years working togeth-
er remotely. in our activities.

D uring the conference, the ISPRS SC has been very

busy at work all days. We are thankful to the local
organizing committe for offering a free booth in a
very tactical high-traffic area where we displayed our
services, our gadgets (people loved our pins and we
ran out of our magnets in three days!) and stood by
for conference attendees to come to get to know us.
In fact, lots of people stopped by our booth to have a
chat with us. We leveraged this by registering almost
40 new student members and proactively started
some talks toward important future collaborations,
especially in the arab and african regions. Student
Capturing a moment with Prof. Brovelli at her visit
to ISPRS SC booth
7 BACKSIGHT
 could gain first-handed insights on how our society
is led. They also presented about the activites ISPRS
SC did for the past one year and its plan for future
activities. Also, we had a very informative meeting
with ISPRS Vice President Nicolas Paparoditis and
Treasurer Stewart Walker, where we could discuss
some important points about our future funding and
organisation. Moreover, we had a fruitful meeting
with Prof. Maria Antonia Brovelli, Vice President
of ISPRS TCIV who introduced us to AI for Good,
a continuous digital platform that brings together
AI innovators and problem owners to collaborate,
learn, and create practical AI solutions in support of
Capturing a moment during ISPRS SC Youth Presentation
Forum. visit to ISPRS SC booth the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.
Following our meeting, we intend to shape our future

W e were also encouraged by some members

to get in contact with the General Authority
for Survey and Geospatial Information of the
activities in a way to integrate with AI for Good
objectives.

Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Also, we strengthen our

relationships with Dr. Abdalla Alobeid, Vice Regional
Representative of the Arab Countries and Dr. Andre
ISPRS Council, including President Lena Halounová
and Secretary Jiang Jie and some of the most
eminent people inside our society such as Prof. Armin
Nonguierma, Regional Representative of Africa. Both Gruen, President of White Elephant Club visited our
figures expressed their willingness to collaborate booth. We are sincerely very grateful to the support
more closely to enhance student activities in our that the ISPRS Foundation and the TIF provided us
fields in the African and Arabic regions, which aligns for this incredible opportunity. Thank you!
well with our goal of expanding student chapters into
those less represented areas.
In summary, GSW 2023 Cairo has been an amazing
opportunity for getting to know each other and to

T he president and vice president of ISPRS SC also

attended ISPRS Council meeting where they
connect with the audience we serve, the students.

Some members of ISPRS SC BODs with ISPRS Council

BACKSIGHT 8
 MAPPING
CORAL
REEFS WITH
PHOTOGRAMMETRY
AND COMPUTER VISION
By Devis Tuia, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne

Figure 1. The Seven Brothers Islands during our mapping expedition (Photo by Lukasz Warzecha ©LWimages)

1 5 November, 2023, 5h45 AM. The sun rises over biodiversity and providing important ecosystem
the Seven Brothers Islands in the Bab el-Mandeb services for humanity, factors like water temperature
strait in Djibouti, which marks the entrance of the increase, ocean acidification and human activities are
Indian Ocean in the Red Sea. We are several hours putting corals under heavy stress, which make them
of navigation from the closest town to document and bleach and eventually die. Almost half of the corals
map corals at the entrance of the Red Sea. But why of the world has died already, and without decisive
are we here? actions the trend will continue.

B ecause coral ecosystems are under threat. Despite

them hosting almost one third of all marine B ut for such action to take place, we need evidence
of such degradation and also to know what we
have and what could still
be lost. This is why at EPFL
we have established the
Transnational Red Sea Center,
a cluster of researchers from
different backgrounds who
joined forces to monitor,
analyze and understand the
state and future of corals.
The TRSC focuses on the Red
Sea, an unique ecosystem
where corals have shown
Figure 3: learning-based SfM for coral mapping. From Sauder et al., in press (4) unexpected resistance to

9 SPOTLIGHT
 heat(1,2). In the
Red Sea, corals can
sustain increased
temperatures of 4-5
U sing the data acquired over our missions (we
visited several sites across the Red Sea since
2022), we developed a deep learning model aiming at
degrees, which is joint 3D reconstruction and mapping(4). Our model is
much more than the composed of two learning heads, the first focused at
average resistance the 3D reconstruction and the second at the semantic
of reefs worldwide: segmentation of every pixel reprojected in the 3D
for example, in the model (Fig 3).
Great Barrier Reef
bleaching happens
with increases as little
as 1.5°C(3).
S pecifically, the first head performs learning-based
structure from motion, which aims at joint pose
and depth estimation of the video frames. To do so,
we use a self-supervised objective that allows us to
locate the camera underwater. When we know the
depths and where the camera is, we can project pixels
from each frame into the 3D model. Concurrently, the
second head performs semantic segmentation of the
exact same frames, so that we retrieve objects that are
not part of the reef (which we do not reproject in the
3D model), while at the same time inferring precious
information about the reef composition in terms of
benthic classes. This second head is supervised, and
the labels were created thanks to the efforts of our
team of marine biologists, data scientists and talented
EPFL students over summer projects.

Figure 2: the camera system developed at EPFL. Photo

by Guilhem Banc-Prandi, 2022.
B ut our efforts are not only about the mapping
itself, we also provide trainings to build capacity
locally. We work hand in hand with local experts from
Djibouti and the neighboring countries; after each

I n this interdisciplinary team, my group is in charge of

the mapping effort. We decided for a close sensing
approach, where we film the reef at a distance of a
mission we introduce local students to the concepts
of data acquisition, as well as to the marine biology of
the region. This way, we build capacity in the countries
meter or two, while scuba diving. We have developed who will endorse the protection of their reefs. Only
a camera system for computer vision which involves working hand in hand with local communities we have
six consumer grade cameras mounted on a rig (Fig. 2). a chance to protect sustainably the last standing coral
With these cameras we can acquire video transects ecosystems, in Djibouti and everywhere in the world.
of the corals we observe and construct 3D models of
the reef.

REFERENCES
1. Fine, M., Gildor, H. and Genin, A., 2013. A coral reef refuge in the Red Sea. Global change biology, 19(12), pp.3640-3647.

2. Krueger, T., Horwitz, N., Bodin, J., Giovani, M.E., Escrig, S., Meibom, A. and Fine, M., 2017. Common reef-building coral in the Northern
Red Sea resistant to elevated temperature and acidification. Royal Society open science, 4(5), p.170038.

3. Ainsworth, T.D., Heron, S.F., Ortiz, J.C., Mumby, P.J., Grech, A., Ogawa, D., Eakin, C.M. and Leggat, W., 2016. Climate change disables coral
bleaching protection on the Great Barrier Reef. Science, 352(6283), pp.338-342.

4. Sauder, J., Banc-Prandi, G., Meibom, A., Tuia, D., in press. Scalable semantic 3D mapping of coral reefs with deep learning, Methods in
Ecology and Evolution. Online: https://arxiv.org/abs/2309.12804

SPOTLIGHT 10
 I MPORTANT
F OCUSED
O UTSTANDING
V ALUABLE

Full Name: Dimitrios Skarlatos

Personal: @DSkarlatos
Lab: @phvislab

Current Position - Professor

Affiliation:
Cyprus University of Technology

Research Interests and Expertise:

Photogrammetry, underwater 3D
reconstruction, drones and aerial mapping,
optical bathymetry, with focus to cultural
heritage.
DIMITRIOS SKARLATOS

Dimitrios Skarlatos, is Professor in the department of Civil Engineering and Geomatics in Cyprus
University of Technology, currently he serves as the Vice Dean of the Faculty of Engineering and
Technology. He holds a Dipl. Eng. in Rural Surveying from National Technical University of Athens
(NTUA), M.Sc. with distinction from University College London (UCL) and a Ph.D. from NTUA in
digital photogrammetry. During his studies, he earned several scholarships and awards. Currently, he
is the academic representative of Cyprus in EuroSDR (since 2010), co-chair in International Society of
Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Commission II (2016-2026), Working Group 7, about underwater
photogrammetry and co-Chair of the Commission of Technologies for Cultural Heritage Geometric
Documentation in the Executive Board of CIPA (under ICOMOS & ISPRS) for the period 2024-2028.

For 12 years he worked as free-lance land surveyor in Greece, court expert and technical consultant in
geoinformation companies in nationwide projects. During that period, he participated in research and
innovation projects (3 European and 5 national) for archaeological site and monument recording, copies
of museum exhibits, real time quality control applications using machine vision, AUAVs for mapping.

During his post in CUT, he has participated or coordinated several research projects most important of
which, Parthenon frieze precise 3d modelling (Digitizing Parthenon Frieze 2010-2014), developing a low
cost mobile mapping platform (CUT starting grant and MOBILO, 2018-2020) and he was coordinator of
iMareCulture (2016-2020), a H2020 research and innovation grant, for underwater XR museums. He is
the lead surveyor in Mazotos shipwreck, underwater excavation, since 2010, Nisia excavation since 2014
and Protaras shipwreck since 2019.

His main research interests focus on the acquisition and processing of 3D data and point clouds using image
sequences. This includes underwater, UAV or close-range photos. His general interests include cultural
heritage applications, two-media photogrammetry, aerial, terrestrial and underwater photogrammetry.

11 I F O V
Can you briefly tell us about your research interests?

My research interests were focused on photogrammetry and dense point acquisition, when
photogrammetry was the only science that could gather dense points to describe a 3D shape.
Nowadays, with SfM-MVS and laser scanner technology this task seems trivial, but it wasn’t like
that during 1990s. Having said that it is also a matter of circumstances where you finally end up in
your scientific and professional life. So, early on I focused on aerial mapping with radio-controlled
helicopters and film cameras and many years after that in underwater photogrammetry. My interests
are still in dense point cloud acquisition technologies and methodologies, despite the acquisition
platform and environmental restrictions.

Who or what inspired you to become a scientist in this research field?

I was fascinated by photogrammetry when observed an aerial stereoscopic pair in a digital

stereoplotter. Apart from the ability to observe earth’s surface using 3D vision, it became apparent
that this was the only way to collect dense enough 3D data to describe 3D shapes. The ability to
take photos and then process them to create a 3D model was very challenging for me, almost as a
modern 3D game. Of course, I was lucky enough to have a charismatic mentor during my studies,
who encouraged me on to the subject.

Among the research projects you have conducted, can you share with us a specific project that you
liked the most?

When I was first invited in Mazotos’s classical era shipwreck excavation, to undertake the task of the
underwater photogrammetry in 2010 , photogrammetric 3D acquisition was still performed with
expensive stereoplotters using photo stereo pairs. The challenge attracted me in what proved to be
a very long adventure.

Just like any other archaeological excavation in land, before removing any find from the site,
the exact position of it must be recorded in 3D space. When considering the limitations of the
underwater environment, in terms of time and equipment that can be used, it becomes apparent
that photogrammetry is the only affordable option for 3D data acquisition.

The task was simple: “Verify that the photos that divers have taken from the trench are good enough
to describe the position of each amphora before we remove it. We will not remove anything until
you tell us it is safe to do so.”. Given that the amphorae were stacked one upon the other, that meant
that the excavation was halted until the photogrammetrist says it is OK to proceed. Considering
the daily cost of an underwater excavation, the stress is apparent. The photos divers were taking,
did not follow the aerial pattern with strict distances, and overlaps. To put it into context, back then
photogrammetry was still performed using stereo pairs in expensive stereo plotters. Performing a
full bundle adjustment in an unstructured data set of 50-60 photos in a daily basis was impossible,
which translated in great delays and costs. Applying SfM-MVS for the first time in an underwater
archaeological excavation has revolutionized the way the team was functioning and overall quality
of documentation .

Mazotos shipwreck proved to be a very challenging and rewarding project for me. The ability to fully
describe the site with a dense point cloud and reconstruct a detailed 3D textured model, revealed the
opportunity to bring underwater sites to public using VR . That was realised with iMARECULTURE
, a H2020 research any innovation project funding. iMARECULTURE also included AR using an
underwater tablet , which could provide information to visitor divers . Such devices are now used in
many underwater CH sites for visitors or researchers.

I F O V 12
 What is the importance of underwater remote sensing?

There are several flavours of underwater remote sensing other than 3D reconstruction. Oil and
gas industry, biology and archaeology are the most profound applications of underwater remote
sensing. Divers are instructed not to intervene and not to touch life and objects in the underwater
environment, whether they are reefs or cultural heritage sites. In that context remote sensing
becomes the only methodology for recording and documenting such sites.

How have the technologies helped in faster and reliable data acquisition?

Technologies have involved immensely during the last two decades. For example, underwater
photography was a niche until the advent of small underwater action cameras. Underwater laser
scanners have also evolved, shrunk in size and their prices have dropped, to become an alternative
to underwater photogrammetry. Acoustic positioning using ultra short baselines (USBL) has become
more affordable, while smaller remotely operated vehicles are able to use such technology. Overall,
the technology of remotely operated underwater vehicles emerges as an alternative to diver ‘platform’,
for 3D data acquisition. Such vehicles may now be equipped with acoustic and lidar scanners, which
in addition with precise positioning will be able to perform complex 3D data acquisition projects.

What do you consider your greatest achievement? Can you tell us a challenge that you faced in your
career, how you overcame it and what you learnt from the experience?

When I got involved in Mazotos excavation, which is happening at a depth of 45 m, I had no experience
of underwater environment. Instructions to divers on how to take proper photogrammetric photos,
failed. So, the challenge was for me to be trained as a technical diver to visit the site, understand the
limitations and challenges to perform data acquisition first hand. That would have been the only way
to modify methodologies, develop acquisition protocols and convey proper instructions two other
fellow diver photographers in order to bring proper photogrammetric data on board, on daily basis.

What can you say about the current trends in scientific research related to efficient use of underwater
remote sensing in various applications?

Machine learning is infiltrating all fields of RS, and underwater RS is no exception. Monitoring coastal
sites using aerial platforms or satellite images is becoming critical in terms of environmental and
financial aspects. Using remote sensing to monitor pollution, automatically detect changes in sea
vegetation and algae or bathymetry , is a very active research field.

In biology and archaeology applications colour information is important, therefore restoring colour
information in underwater photos will attract attention. Machine learning using hybrid models,
might prove a valid alternative to physical models, which require data from many sensors.

Technological improvements in remotely operated underwater vehicles or even autonomous vehicles

will revolutionise data acquisition in many applications. Techniques for autonomous navigation and
improvements in acoustic and lidar sensors are essential towards this aspect. Machine learning
can be applied to reduce signal-to-noise ratio of several sensors (IMU , imaging, acoustic, etc) and
perform autonomous navigation.

13 I F O V
What do you think are the possible contributions of international organizations like the ISPRS Student
Consortium in knowledge dissipation in underwater remote sensing?

In ISPRS WGII/7 about underwater data acquisition and processing we realise that there is a gap
in dissemination over sea and underwater research, activities, and trends. Therefore, we’re trying
to organise a series of web lectures every four to six months provided by international experts and
mentors. Where also trying to organise open group meetings with pitch presentations about several
aspects of underwater remote sensing, the first one is planned for January 15th 2024.

What is your advice to the youth and how can one be motivated to pursue research in underwater
remote sensing.

Out of the Earth’s surface, 70% is covered by sea, which remains unexplored. Life emerged from
sea and sea remains essential for human existence. Inevitably lot of resources will be allocated to
sea, either through environmental or sustainable policies. If you like sea, then you already have an
advantage over the rest of your peers. It is after all, a more adventurous environment than land and
if you like challenging yourself, a true character builder.

I F O V 14
 I MPORTANT
F OCUSED
O UTSTANDING
V ALUABLE
Full Name: Emad Khalil
www.cmauch.org
https://www.facebook.com/emad.khalil.129/
https://scholar.google.com/
citations?user=0BJ-RvMAAAAJ&hl=en

Current Position
- Professor of Maritime Archaeology
- Director, Centre for Maritime Archaeology
& Underwater Cultural Heritage
- UNESCO Chair in Underwater Cultural
Heritage
Affiliation:
Alexandria University, Egypt
EMAD KHALIL
Research Interests and Expertise:
Maritime Archaeology – Underwater
Cultural Heritage – Maritime Ethnography –
Museology – Education & Capacity Building

Professor Emad Khalil s a world-renowned expert in Underwater Cultural Heritage with over 25 years
of experience in research and education. He has been involved in maritime and underwater archaeology
since the early nineties. Since then, he has contributed to several projects in the field of maritime and
underwater archaeology in both the Mediterranean and Red Seas. He is also well recognized for his
contributions to capacity building in aspect of underwater cultural heritage in the Arab Region.
Professor Khalil is the President of the UNESCO Scientific and Technical Advisory Body for the 2001
Convention, and he is the holder of UNESCO Chair in Underwater Cultural Heritage.
He is a member and a former President of the ICOMOS International Committee for Underwater
Cultural Heritage (ICUCH), and a member of the Scientific Committee of the Confédération Mondiale
des Activités Subaquatiques (CMAS).

Can you briefly tell us about your research interests?

My research interests mainly focus on maritime and underwater cultural heritage. I am an

archaeologist by training, specialized in maritime archaeology. For more than two decades I have
been conducting underwater archaeological surveys and excavations focusing on Egypt. I am also
interested in maritime ethnography and oral history.

Who or what inspired you to become a scientist in this research field?

I have been SCUBA diving since a very early age. Since I was 19, while diving in Alexandria, I often came
across archaeological material including ancient amphorae and anchors. At that time, I had no idea
what they were. But this made me very interested in underwater archaeology. I even started making
maps of the sites I find. Accordingly, I have studied Greek and Roman archaeology at Alexandria
University and did my MA and PhD in Maritime Archaeology at the University of Southampton, UK.

15 I F O V
Among the research projects you have conducted, can you share with us a specific project that you
liked the most?

The project I like the most, is the ongoing underwater survey project that I have been directing since
2015 at the site of Marsa Bagoush on the NW coast of Egypt . Marsa Bagoush is an ancient anchorage
that has been in use as early as the Roman Period, and continued to be in use until WWII. The site
is located 250km west of Alexandria, Egypt. So far, it is the largest natural anchorage that has been
studied along the Egyptian Mediterranean coastline. The site contains plenty of archaeological
material including a large collection of ancient anchors. During the research, satellite images were
a primary source utilized to create georeferenced a map of the site. Moreover, the site was divided
into a 100m X 100m grid utilizing GIS. Consequently a systematic visual survey was carried out for
each square by diving teams. Archaeological finds discovered were recorded using photogrammetry
techniques.

What are the importance underwater remote sensing?

Remote sensing techniques, including Side Scan and Multibeam Sonar systems, revolutionized
underwater research. It enabled surveying large areas of the seabed, and accurate documentation
of underwater cultural heritage finds. Moreover, satellite images have numerous uses including
tracking changes in coastal geomorphology and its effect on coastal heritage sites. Photography
and photogrammetry are essential documentation techniques for underwater sites. Furthermore,
the use of GIS allows combining different types of data and facilitates the analysis and deducing
conclusions.

How have the technologies developed and helped in faster and reliable data acquisition?

I remember very well working in an underwater excavation of a 18th century shipwreck in the Red
Sea in the early 90s. At that time, it took a team of at least 20 divers almost nine months just to survey
and documents less than half of the 50m-hull of the wreck, using photographs and measuring tapes.
Twenty years later, I revisited the site with my colleagues from the Centre for Maritime Archaeology
who were able to carry out a photogrammetry documentation of the entire sites in one dive. This is
just an example on how technologies development helped in faster and reliable data acquisition. The
same thing can be said about the early Side Scan Sonar systems, if compared to the highly developed
Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) that are used effectively in underwater archaeological
projects.

What do you consider your greatest achievement? Can you tell us a challenge that you faced in your
career, how you overcame it and what you learnt from the experience?

I believe that my greatest achievement is the creation of the Alexandria Centre for Maritime
Archaeology and Underwater Cultural Heritage (CMAUCH) (www.cmauch.org). Following my
return from the UK, after obtaining PhD, I decided to work on creating an academic and research
facility, which could provide academic education, and professional training in aspects of maritime
and underwater archaeology. However, I was faced with many logistical, financial and technical
challenges. Yet, I was supported by the high management of Alexandria University at that time.
Moreover, I was able to secure funding through the EU-Tempus program, and to get the technical
support of a number of partners led by the University of Southampton. The project of creating
the CMAUCH started in 2006, and the CMAUCH was officially inaugurated in 2009. Since then, it
has developed significantly. Currently, it is internationally renowned and recognized by numerous
institutions and organizations. At present, the CMAUCH hosts the UNESCO Chair for Underwater
Cultural Heritage.

I F O V 16
 I believe that the main lesson learnt from the experience is the importance of passion and persistence
in order to achieve any progress in any aspect of life. Passion drives our actions and fills us with a
sense of purpose. On the other hand, persistence enables us to overcome obstacles and find solutions
to problems. With passion and persistence almost, anything can be achieved.

What do you think are the possible contributions of international organizations like the ISPRS Student
Consortium in knowledge dissipation in underwater remote sensing?

Underwater remote sensing is a tool that has significant influence on different aspects of underwater
research, including underwater archaeology. One key aspect for disseminating knowledge in
underwater remote sensing is training and capacity building. Hence, international organizations
like the ISPRS Student Consortium can play a key role in that respect. Organizing training courses
on different levels, and collaborating with scientific institution and research centers, which would
enable the exchange of expertise in aspects of in underwater remote sensing, are amongst the main
contributions that could contribute effectively in the development of that field.

What is your advice to the youth and how can one be motivated to pursue research in underwater
remote sensing?

It is evident that there is a growing international interest in ocean sciences, which led the United
Nations to proclaim a Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2021-2030) to
support efforts to gather ocean stakeholders worldwide behind a common framework. Underwater
remote sensing is a major tool that is utilized on ocean sciences. Moreover, from a technical point of
view, underwater remote sensing is constantly developing in order to find new solutions to different
challenges facing scientists and researchers.

On the other hand, it is evident that the youth is the driving force for development; it is their passion
that leads to innovation in all fields. Therefore, the are endless opportunities for the youth to
contribute to the development of scientific research, including underwater remote sensing.

17 I F O V
I MPORTANT
F OCUSED
O UTSTANDING
V ALUABLE

Full Name: Gottfried Mandlburger

Current Position - Associate Professor

Affiliation:
TU Wien, Department of Geodesy and
Geoinformation

Research Interests and Expertise:

Photogrammetry, Optical bathymetry,
Laser and photo bathymetry, Point cloud
processing, Scientific software development.
GOTTFRIED
MANDLBURGER

Gottfried Mandlburger studied geodesy at TU Wien, where he also received his PhD in 2006 and
habilitated in photogrammetry with a thesis on “Bathymetry from active and passive photogrammetry”.
In November 2022 he was appointed Associate Professor.

His main research areas are airborne topographic and bathymetric LiDAR from manned and unmanned
platforms, multimedia photogrammetry, bathymetry from multispectral images, and scientific software
development. Gottfried Mandlburger is chair of the DGPF working group hydrography/bathymetry, a
key member of ISPRS WG II/7 (Underwater Data Acquisition and Processing) and received best paper
awards from ISPRS (2019) and ASPRS (2019) for publications on bathymetry from active and passive
photogrammetry.

Can you briefly tell us about your research interests?

With a long experience in topographic airborne laser scanning, I did my PhD in the interdisciplinary
field between photogrammetry and hydraulic engineering. Back then, the question was how
to best fuse LiDAR data of the dry area and hydro-acoustic river cross section data to obtain an
optimal geometric basis for flood simulations. At that time, bathymetric LiDAR had a rather coarse
resolution and was predominantly used for mapping coastal areas. I dreamed of high-resolution
laser bathymetry for mapping smaller inland waters like rivers and ponds. This longing became a
reality around 2010, when so-called topo-bathymetric laser scanners entered the market and made
high-resolution mapping of smaller water bodies, as we typically have it in Austria, feasible. I was
intrigued by the new possibilities and, with my inherent interest in water, I completely switched my
research focus to this direction.

I F O V 18
 Who or what inspired you to become a scientist in this research field?

One of my favorite hobbies is running and hiking. One of my standard trails is along a pre-Alpine
gravel bed river next to where I live. This is close to the well-known Danube river in the eastern part of
Austria. It is a riffle-pool type river, which means that sometimes the water flows gently and smooth
forming deeper pools, followed by sequences with very shallow, fast flowing sections with rippled
water surfaces. This tremendous variation of properties very much inspired me to do research in the
direction of investigating the complex interaction of (laser) light with the water medium. Another
inspiration was meeting outstanding scientists and experts from industry at various conferences
and trade shows. Getting to know all the bathymetry celebrities in person – often in the course of
social dinners or the late-night parties thereafter – even more inspired me to go into the bathymetry
direction as my research focus.

Among the research projects you have conducted, can you share with us a specific project that you
liked the most?

I have already briefly mentioned running or hiking along this pre-Alpine river, the Pielach river, in the
eastern part of Austria. I started to investigate an approximately 6 km long section of this river with
Airborne Laser Bathymetry in 2013. The studied section is a natural conservation area, allowing
the river to develop a meandering river course with constant changes of the flow path in response
to flood events. I was able to organize annual data acquisitions in this area over the last decade.
In this period, a major and several minor flood events occurred with a high impact on the course
of the river. Thus, one of the intriguing possibilities offered by this gap-free time series of high-
resolution 3D point clouds of the entire alluvial area above and below the water surface was to do
hydro-morphological analyses for monitoring fluvial changes. We also had a look into aquatic habitat
mapping and monitoring together with scientist at the University of Life Science in Vienna using this
excellent data basis. This research was published in 2015 (https://doi.org/10.3390/rs70506160). In
a current paper for the year 2023 ISPRS GeoSpatial Week in Cairo (!!SHOULD BE PUBLISHED ANY
DAY!!), we used the entire time series to highlight the progress in topo-bathymetric laser scanning
over the last decade. However, we also did research on multimedia photogrammetry, with images
from both crewed aircraft in this area of the Pielach river.

What is the importance underwater remote sensing?

For large area mapping, especially from the airborne perspective, optical remote sensing bridges
the gap between the dry land and the shallow water area. Light is strongly absorbed in water so that
the penetration depth is limited to around 50-60 m in very clear water, e.g., in the Caribbean Sea.
Penetration depth further decreases due to turbidity, so that we can often measure only depths of
1-5 m in turbid waters. However, still this is an important addition to SONAR based hydrographic
mapping, as shipborne techniques get less effective in shallow waters. In addition, it is even
dangerous to operate surveying vessels in very shallow areas. That is where optical remote sensing
methods have their specific strengths. However, optical techniques, both image and laser based, are
also applied underwater. A prominent example is scuba diving for documentation of shipwrecks or
coral reefs. Nowadays, underwater close range photogrammetry and laser scanning is also used for
inspection purposes in the off-shore industry or for monitoring critical parts of hydropower plants.

19 I F O V
How have the technologies developed and helped in faster and reliable data acquisition?

There are a several apparent trends in the recent past. Progress in sensor technology has enabled
higher spatial resolution, with either increased laser pulse repetition rates or larger image sizes.
The second aspect is sensor miniaturization, which now allows integrating both laser scanners and
cameras on remotely piloted aerial systems (RPAS). The advent of UAV-borne sensors, for example,
has revolutionized laser bathymetry, as the lower flight altitude has dramatically reduced the size of
the laser footprint to below 10 cm. For the first time, this now enables reconstruction of dm-scale
objects under water enabling applications like 3D mapping of submersed macrophytes, which are an
important climate change indicator. I have also described many of these advancements in a recent
review paper for the International Hydrographic Review, the official journal of the International
Hydrographic Organization (https://ihr.iho.int/articles/a-review-of-active-and-passive-optical-
methods-in-hydrography).

What do you consider your greatest achievement? Can you tell us a challenge that you faced in your
career, how you overcame it and what you learnt from the experience?

To be honest, I consider myself rather as a slow-but-steady researcher than as a high-riser. I think

one of my major achievements was developing a profound understanding of the interaction of light,
especially green laser light used in LiDAR bathymetry, with the water surface. I developed several
approaches to use green-only laser scanners for relatively precise reconstruction of the water
surface. This sounds as a simple problem, but it isn’t due to the inherent water penetration property
of green laser light. I was also able to extend this knowledge to one of the emerging techniques of the
last decade, namely Single Photon LiDAR (SPL), i.e., sensors enabling distance measurements at the
arrival of a single or a few photons. Together with colleagues in Germany, I developed strategies to
use SPL for water surface reconstruction, e.g. along the Rhine river in Germany.

What can you say about the current trends in scientific research related to efficient use of underwater
remote sensing in various applications?

On the methodological side, I see two major trends. The most prominent is the use of Deep Learning
(DL) for several tasks in optical bathymetry. Deep neural networks, for example, are now the standard
for Spectrally Derived Bathymetry (SDB), also referred to as Satellite Derived Bathymetry as the
technique is most often applied based on multispectral satellites like Sentinel-2 or WorldView-2.
As it is the case in many other disciplines, AI-based approaches often outperform their traditional
counterparts. Another trend is sophisticated signal analysis. In the aspect of full waveform
processing, new methods are being developed which allow better separation of water surface and
bottom echoes in the very shallow zone and to derive the optical properties of water (i.e. turbidity)
from the laser signal. Moreover, in the underwater case, there is a clear trend towards Remotely
Operated Vessels (ROV) or even Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs). This greatly helps for
inspection tasks, but it requires sophisticated integration of Inertial Measurement Units (IMU) and
imaging sensors (SONAR, LiDAR, images) in SLAM-based processing pipelines.

I F O V 20
 What do you think are the possible contributions of international organizations like the ISPRS Student
Consortium in knowledge dissipation in underwater remote sensing?

We are constantly looking for your young researchers and PhD candidates. The bathymetry topic is
often regarded as a niche, a playground for nerds with a much-focused interest. However, I strongly
believe that water as such is of highest importance and will become increasingly relevant in the years
to come. Of course, there are many aspects around water other than hydrography, but still optical
bathymetry is a crucial contribution for our understanding of the shallow water area. The best
advertisement for a field is, if there are many contributions at conferences and in scientific journals.
If the ISPRS Student Consortium can motivate students to write their bachelor or master theses in
the field of optical bathymetry, this would help much to create a positive and stimulating momentum.
The underwater world is fascinating, not only for scuba divers!

What is your advice to the youth and how can one be motivated to pursue research in underwater
remote sensing?

I see the underwater topic more and more in the context of climate change, which is - together with
peace in the world - the topic of utmost global significance. For example, we are currently running
a research project together with ecologists and limnologists at the Lake Constance, a large Alpine
lake between Switzerland, Germany and Austria. The background is a massive invasion of neophytes
threatening the whole ecosystem. Thus, if your heart beats for interdisciplinary work and ecology,
underwater remote sensing has plenty of open research questions to be solved for the sake of a
better and more livable world. Also if you are more the type, who wants to dig into difficult technical
problems: Everything is more complicated under water than in air, thus we are far away from a
sufficient understanding of all aspects in underwater environments. By the way, we are currently
recruiting a PhD candidate in optical bathymetry at the Department of Geodesy and Geoinformation
of TU Wien.

21 I F O V
 U P CO M I N G E V E N T S

Event Name Dates Venue Website

http://www.geo-week.
Geo Week 2024 11-13 Feb 2024 Denver, CO USA
com/

SPIE Photonics Europe https://spie.org/epe_

07-11 Apr 2024 Strasbourg, France
2024 isprs

https://is.earsel.org/
13th EARSeL Workshop on
16-18 Apr 2024 Valencia, Spain workshop/13-IS-
Imaging Spectroscopy
Valencia2024/

ISPRS WG IV/1
Second International https://eu4dbp.net/
18-19 Apr 2024 Barcelona, Spain
Digital Building Permit dbpc24/
Conference 2024

GISTAM 2024
10th International
Conference on
https://gistam.scitevents.
Geographical Information 02-04 May 2024 Angers, France
org/
Systems Theory,
Applications and
Management

ISAG2024
International Symposium https://isagsymposium.
09-10 May 2024 Wroclaw, Poland
on Applied Geoinformatics org/
2024

ISPRS TC I Mid-term
Symposium
http://www.
Intelligent Sensing 13-17 May 2024 Changsha, China
isprs2024tc1.net/
and Remote Sensing
Application

2024 CIPA SUMMER

https://
SCHOOL
19-25 May 2024 Rhodes, Greece cipasummerschool2024.
3D surveying and modelling
survey.ntua.gr/
in cultural heritage

ISPRS WG IV/9
8th International
04-07 Jun 2024 Athens, Greece http://www.udms.net/
Conference on Smart Data
and Smart Cities

UPCOMING EVENTS 22
 U P CO M I N G E V E N T S

Event Name Dates Venue Website

45th Canadian Symposium

on Remote Sensing (CSRS) https://crss-sct.ca/
10-13 Jun 2024 Halifax, Canada
Exploring Past, Present, & events/csrs2024-halifax/
Future

11-14 Jun 2024

ISPRS TC II Mid-term
Symposium
10 June 2024 - https://www.isprs.org/
Las Vegas, Nevada,
Tutorials tc2-symposium2024/
The Role of USA
index.html
Photogrammetry for a
12 June 2024 -
Sustainable World
Job fair

9th International
https://iccgis2024.
Conference on Cartography 16-21 Jun 2024 Nessebar, Bulgaria
cartography-gis.com/
and GIS

https://manchester2024.
43rd EARSeL Symposium 17-20 Jun 2024 Manchester, UK
earsel.org/

ISPRS WG IV/9
http://3dgeoinfoeg-ice.
3D GeoInfo and EG-ICE 01-05 Jul 2024 Vigo, Spain
webs.uvigo.es/
joint conference 2024

ISPRS ICWG IV/III/II

Academic Track of FOSS4G
https://2024.europe.
(Free and Open Source Soft- 01-07 Jul 2024 Tartu, Estonia
foss4g.org/
ware for Geospatial) Europe
2024

National Technical https://www.2024.

IGARSS 2024 SUMMER
4-6 July 2024 University of Ath- ieeeigarss.org/summer-
SCHOOL
ens, Greece school_program.php

International Geoscience
https://www.2024.ieeei-
and Remote Sensing Sym- 7-12 July 2024 Athens, Greece
garss.org/
posium - IGARSS 2024

COSPAR 2024
45th Scientific Assembly
Busan, South https://www.cospar-as-
of the Committee on Space 13-21 Jul 2024
Korea sembly.org/
Research (COSPAR) and
Associated Events

23 UPCOMING EVENTS
 SCHOLARSHIPS AND OPPORTUNITIES

PhD
PhD candidate on Study glacial PhD Researcher in Adaptive UAV
sediments in Greenland and Sensing Techniques for Flood Crisis
Antarctica, Management
University of Tromsø Ghent University
Tromso, Norway Belgium
Deadline: 4 Feb 2024 Deadline: until filled
https://bit.ly/3RRgyKz https://bit.ly/3RUC15l

PhD students in Remote Sensing Phd student - Development of

Linköping University Climate Informed, LIDAR Derived ,
Linköping, Sweden Growth and Yield Models
Deadline: 31 Jan 2024 The University of British Columbia
https://liu.se/en/work-at-liu/vacancies/23398 Canada
Link: https://www.grad.ubc.ca/ad/57782
PhD position in Hydrological
modeling of wetland hydrology
KU Leuven
Belgium
Deadline: 1 March 2024
https://euraxess.ec.europa.eu/jobs/181808

PostDoc Jobs
Postdoctoral Researcher (W23185) Full-time academic vacancy - Faculty
(Geoinformatics Team) of Sciences - Field: Geomatics
RIKEN University of Liège (ULiège)
Japan Liège, Belgium
Deadline: 9 Nov 2024 Deadline: 18 Feb 2024
https://euraxess.ec.europa.eu/jobs/168497 https://euraxess.ec.europa.eu/jobs/184505

Postdoctoral Scholar in landscape Scientist Initiation of Mass Move-

modeling ments 80-100% (f/m/d)
The Andrews Forest (AND) Program Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow
Oregon, USA and Landscape Research WSL
Deadline: 14 Feb 2024 Switzerland
https://bit.ly/3vN1fel Deadline: 8 April 2024
https://euraxess.ec.europa.eu/jobs/184524

Postdoctoral Researcher (W23185)

(Geoinformatics Team) Scientist for active and passive
RIKEN microwave remote sensing
Japan Eratosthenes Centre of Excellence
Deadline: 9 Nov 2024 Cyprus
https://euraxess.ec.europa.eu/jobs/168497 Deadline: 20 Feb 2024
https://euraxess.ec.europa.eu/jobs/183884

SCHOLARSHIPS & OPPORTUNITIES 24

 SCHOLARSHIPS AND OPPORTUNITIES
Jobs
Remote-Sensing Data Synergy Geospatial Deep Learning Scientist
Scientist II
Eratosthenes Centre of Excellence ETH Zürich
Cyprus Switzerland
Deadline: 20 Feb 2024 Deadline: 13 March 2024
https://euraxess.ec.europa.eu/jobs/183866 https://euraxess.ec.europa.eu/jobs/179176

Professor or Assistant/Associate (Geo-)Informaticians, Data

Professor in Terrestrial Ecosystem Scientists, Physicists or similar
Ecology (f/m/x) - Artificial Intelligence for
University of Helsinki Earth observation
Finland Deutsches Zentrum für Luft - und
Deadline: 29 Feb 2024 Raumfahrt (DLR)
https://euraxess.ec.europa.eu/jobs/180076 Germany
Deadline: 1 June 2024
https://euraxess.ec.europa.eu/jobs/173244

25 SCHOLARSHIPS & OPPORTUNITIES

 Please visit our ISPRS SC web page

sc.isprs.org
where you will find more information about Student Consortium, our previous
Newsletter issues, SC activities, photo galleries from previous Summer Schools,
interesting links etc.

Are you a student or a young professional below the age of 35?

Fancy Being a Member of ISPRS SC!!
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

On behalf of the ISPRS SC Board of Directors, the Newsletter team would like
to thank all the contributors of the featured articles in this issue who shared their
knowledge and research experiences with us. We would also like to acknowledge
Nicolas Pucino for co-leading the Newsletter and we also like to acknowledge
design and proofread team in accomplishing the Newsletter issue. We are so proud
of you!

Stay safe, everyone!

26