Deep Space Communication

Mahima -1715
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INTRODUCTION

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Enables exploration beyond Earth.
Facilitates communication with distant planets
and moons.
Shares crucial scientific data.
Supports learning and discovery in space
exploration.

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Significance of Deep Space Communication
Key for space exploration.
Explores distant celestial bodies.
Transmits data over vast distances.
Essential for scientific data and images.
Vital for command execution.
Without it, limited universe understanding.

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Role of Satellites Today
1,700+ operational satellites.
serve communication, weather, navigation, and
research.
Essential for global connectivity.
Enable worldwide information access.
Provide crucial scientific data.
Enhance universe understanding.

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 Challenges of
Communication

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 Challenges of Communication
Unified S-band
Continuous Contact
Lunar Blackout Interruption
Critical Engine Burn Maneuver
Significance of Unified S-band

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 Establishing
Communication with
Objects in Space:

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Command Transmission Process:
Commands
Satellites
Geostationary orbit
Radio waves
Speed of light
Ground Station Transmission:
Ground stations
Specialized antennas
Radio signals
Precise aiming

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satellite Reception:
Sensitive antenna
Onboard systems
Decoding
Instructions
Bidirectional Communication:
Uplink
Downlink
Data transmission
Satellite-to-ground
Ground-to-satellite

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COMPONENTS

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Spacecraft Transponder:
Function
Reception
Amplification

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 GROUND BASED
ANTENNA

Ground-Based Antennas:
Size and Design
Reception
Transmission
Deep Space Network (DSN)
Capabilities

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 DEEP SPACE NETWORK

Deep Space Network (DSN):

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 DSN PROTOCOL

DSN PROTOCOL

Communication Protocols
Standardization
Error Handling
Efficiency

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Telemetry, Tracking, and Command (TT&C) Systems
Telemetry
(TT&C) System
Tracking
Command
Integration
Safety DSN PROTOCOL

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UNIFIED S-BAND
Frequency band for space communication.
Operates in 2 to 4 GHz range.
Facilitates spacecraft-ground communication.
Essential for telemetry, tracking, and commanding.
Enables data transmission from satellites and probes.
Standardized protocols for diverse missions.
Requires regulation to prevent interference.

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 Key
Technologies

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RF Transmitter:
Modulation Schemes: Modulation techniques like Phase
Shift Keying (PSK) or Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) are
used to encode data onto the RF carrier wave.
Error Correction Codes: Forward Error Correction (FEC)
codes are applied to the modulated signal to detect
and correct errors that may occur during transmission.

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Antenna Systems:
Transmit Antenna: Converts electrical signals from the
transmitter into electromagnetic waves and emits them
into space.
Receive Antenna: Captures incoming RF signals from
distant spacecraft and directs them to the receiver.

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RF Receiver:
Antenna Interface: Receives RF signals captured by the
receive antenna.
Demodulation: Reverse process of modulation,
extracting the original data from the modulated RF
signal.
Error Correction: FEC decoding corrects any errors in
the received data stream.

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Data Processing and Control:
Data Processing Unit: Manages the encoding, decoding,
and processing of data.
Control Unit: Coordinates the overall communication
process, including signal transmission/reception and
antenna positioning.

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Spacecraft Communication System:
Onboard Transmitter: Transmits data from the
spacecraft to the ground station using RF
communication.
Onboard Receiver: Receives commands and data from
ground stations for spacecraft control and telemetry
transmission.

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Ground Station:
Receiver System: Captures RF signals from deep space
probes using large antennas.
Data Processing: Demodulates and decodes received
signals, performing error correction if necessary.
Communication Interface: Interfaces with terrestrial
networks for further data processing and distribution.

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Applications
&
FUTURE
DIRECTIONS
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Space Exploration
Satellite Operations
Deep Space Research
Advanced Communication Technologies
Autonomous Communication
Interplanetary Internet

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CONCLUSION

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Deep space communication is vital for data exchange between
spacecraft and ground stations.
Advanced technologies overcome challenges like distance and
interference.
Standardized protocols and networks like the Deep Space
Network ensure efficient communication.
Real-time monitoring, control, and data exchange are enabled
across vast distances.
In conclusion, deep space communication is critical for space
exploration and understanding the cosmos.

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THANKYOU

Mahima -1715
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