SAMPLE BOREHOLE LOG REPORT

GWT = 2.0 m

A. STANDARD PENETRATION RESISTANCE “N-VALUE” CORRECTION

The borehole diameter, rod length (i.e., borehole depth), and whether a liner is used within the sampler can
contribute to the energy loss and hence influence the N-value. Therefore, the N-value corrected to account for
these factors can be written as
𝑵𝜼𝟏 𝜼𝟐 𝜼𝟑 𝜼𝟒
𝑵𝟔𝟎 =
𝟔𝟎
𝑵𝟔𝟎 = standard penetration number, corrected for field conditions
𝑵 = measured penetration number
𝜼𝟏 = hammer efficiency (%)
𝜼𝟐 = correction for borehole diameter
𝜼𝟑 = sampler correction
𝜼𝟒 = correction for rod length

Variation of 𝜼𝟏

In the Philippines, we usually use Donut Hammer with rope and pulley, were going to use 45% efficiency to be
conservative.
Variation of 𝜼𝟐

In the Philippines, we usually use NW Casing which is about 3.5 inch in diameter. Therefore 𝜼𝟐 = 1.0

Variation of 𝜼𝟑

Most of the drilling companies in the Philippines uses standard sampler, so 𝜼𝟑 = 1.0 as well.

Variable 𝜼𝟑
Standard sampler 1.0
With liner for dense sand and clay 0.8
With liner for loose sand 0.9
Sampler without liner (not 1.2
recommended)
Variation of 𝜼𝟒

For rod length you can add 2 meters from each layer, the standard length of each rod is about 1.5 feet or 0.457
meter and we do the sampling every 1-meter depth.

Rod Length 𝜼𝟒
Above 10 meters 1.0
6 m – 10 m 0.95
4m–6m 0.85
0m–4m 0.75

B. CORRECTION OF 𝑵𝟔𝟎 FOR GRANULAR SOILS

In granular soil, the value of 𝑵𝟔𝟎 is affected by the effective overburden pressure, 𝑷′𝒐 . For that reason, the
value of 𝑵𝟔𝟎 obtained from field exploration under different effective overburden pressures should be
changed to correspond to a standard value of 𝑷′𝒐 . That is,

(𝑵𝟏 )𝟔𝟎 = 𝑪𝑵 𝑵𝟔𝟎

(𝑵𝟏 )𝟔𝟎 = value of 𝑁60 corrected to a standard value of 𝑃𝑎 = 100 kPa
𝑪𝑵 = correction factor

Liao and Whitman’s relationship (1986):

𝑷𝒂
𝑪𝑵 = √ ≤𝟐
𝑷′𝒐

𝑷𝒂 = atmospheric pressure approximately 100 kPa

𝑷′𝒐 = effective stress on that layer

C. COMPUTATION OF BEARING CAPACITY BASED ON SHEAR FAILURE

Meyerhof (1963) suggested the following form of the general bearing capacity equation:

𝒒𝒖𝒍𝒕 = 𝒄′ 𝑵𝒄 𝒔𝒄 𝒅𝒄 + 𝒒𝑵𝒒 𝒔𝒒 𝒅𝒒 + 𝟎. 𝟓𝜸′ 𝑩𝑵𝜸 𝒔𝜸 𝒅𝜸

Hansen (1970)/Vesic (1973, 1975) suggested the following form of the general bearing capacity equation:
 𝒒𝒖𝒍𝒕 = 𝒄′ 𝑵𝒄 𝒔𝒄 𝒅𝒄 𝒈𝒄 + 𝒒𝑵𝒒 𝒔𝒒𝒅𝒒 𝒈𝒒 + 𝟎. 𝟓𝜸′ 𝑩𝑵𝜸 𝒔𝜸 𝒅𝜸 𝒈𝜸

Where:

𝒄′ = cohesion
𝒒 = effective stress at the level of the bottom of the foundation
𝜸’ = effective unit weight of soil = 𝜸 − 𝜸𝒘 for soils below ground water level
𝑩 = width of the foundation
𝒔𝒄 , 𝒔𝒒 , 𝒔𝜸 = shape factor
𝒅𝒄 , 𝒅𝒒 , 𝒅𝜸 = depth factor
𝒈𝒄 , 𝒈𝒒 , 𝒈𝜸 = ground inclination factor

For allowable bearing capacity

𝒒𝒖𝒍𝒕
𝒒𝒂 =
𝑭. 𝑺.
For allowable net bearing capacity
𝒒𝒖𝒍𝒕 − 𝒒
𝒒𝒂−𝒏𝒆𝒕 =
𝑭. 𝑺.
Where 𝑭. 𝑺. = 3.0

D. PARAMETERS USED IN BEARING CAPACITY CALCULATIONS

D.1. SHEAR STRENGTH PARAMETERS 𝒄′ AND 𝝓′

D.1.1 FOR COHESIONLESS SOILS (SAND, SM, SW OR SP, GRAVEL GW OR GP, NON-PLASTIC SILT, ML)
PRINCIPLES OF FOUNDATION ENGINEERING SIVAKUGAN AND DAS, ASSUME 𝒄′ = 𝟎 (non plastic)

Angle of Internal Relative

Consistency 𝑵𝟔𝟎 (𝑵𝟏 )𝟔𝟎
Friction 𝝓′ Density, 𝑫𝒓
Very Loose 0–4 0–3 0 – 28 0 – 15
Loose 4 – 10 3–8 28 – 30 15 – 35
Medium Dense 10 – 30 8 – 25 30 – 36 35 – 65
Dense 30 – 50 25 – 42 36 – 41 65 – 85
Very Dense > 50 > 42 > 41 > 85
General Notes:

• Linear Interpolation applies.

• Reduce 𝝓′ by 5 for clayey sand.
• Increase 𝝓′ by 5 for sand with gravel or gravel with sand.
• Increase 𝝓′ by 2 if Uniformity Coefficient, 2 ≤ 𝐶𝑢 ≤ 6.
• Increase 𝝓′ by 4 if Uniformity Coefficient, 𝐶𝑢 > 6.
• Some cohesion may be present in clayey sands and gravels (group symbols SC and GC), but it should be
used only with great caution, because it may not be present in the field. © Coduto

D.1.2 COHESIVE SOILS (LEAN CLAY, FAT CLAY, AND ELASTIC SILT) ESSENTIALS OF SOIL MECHANICS BY
DAVID MCCURTHY, ASSUME 𝝓′ = 𝟎 AND 𝒄𝒖 = 𝒒𝒖 /𝟐

Unconfined Compressive Undrained

Consistency 𝑵𝟔𝟎
Strength, 𝒒𝒖 (kPa) Cohesion, 𝒄𝒖 (kPa)
Very Soft 0–2 0 – 25 0 – 13
Soft 2–4 25 – 50 13 – 25
Medium Stiff 4–8 50 – 100 25 – 50
Stiff 8 – 15 100 – 200 50 – 100
Very Stiff 15 – 30 200 – 400 100 – 200
Hard > 30 > 400 > 200
D.1.3 MIXED SOILS (POLISH CODE – PN-59/B-3020), SOIL MECHANICS IN FOUNDATION ENGINEERING BY
WILUN AND STARZEWSKI, VOLUME 1

SILTY SAND (SM), SANDY SILT AND PLASTIC SILTS (ML)

Effective Cohesion, Angle of Internal

Consistency 𝑵𝟔𝟎
𝒄′ (kPa) Friction 𝝓′
Very Soft 0–2 0–2 0–2
Soft 2–4 2 – 15 2 – 10
Medium Stiff 4–8 15 – 20 10 – 16
Stiff 8 – 15 20 – 30 16 – 20
Very Stiff 15 – 30 30 – 40 20 – 25
Hard > 30 > 40 > 25

SANDY LEAN CLAY OR SANDY FAT CLAY AND SILTY CLAY (CL-ML)

Effective Cohesion, Angle of Internal

Consistency 𝑵𝟔𝟎
𝒄′ (kPa) Friction 𝝓′
Soft 0–4 10 – 40 0–2
Medium Stiff 4–8 40 – 50 2–5
Stiff 8 – 15 50 – 60 5–8
Very Stiff 15 – 30 60 – 80 8 – 10
Hard > 30 > 80 > 10

D.2. BEARING CAPACITY FACTORS (AFTER VESIC)

D.3. UNIT WEIGHT

Table below presents typical values of unit weights for various soils.

D.4 SHAPE FACTORS

MEYERHOF:
𝑩
𝒔𝒄 = 𝟏 + 𝟎. 𝟐𝑲𝒑 ( )
𝑳
𝑩
𝒔𝒒 = 𝒔𝜸 = 𝟏 + 𝟎. 𝟏𝑲𝒑 ( ) 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝝓 > 𝟏𝟎
𝑳
𝒔𝒒 = 𝒔𝜸 = 𝟏 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝝓 = 𝟎

Where:
𝝓
𝑲𝒑 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝟐 (𝟒𝟓 + )
𝟐
HANSEN:
𝑩
𝒔𝒄 = 𝟎. 𝟐 ( ) 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝝓 = 𝟎
𝑳
HANSEN/VESIC:
𝑩 𝑵𝒒
𝒔𝒄 = 𝟏 + ( ) ( )
𝑳 𝑵𝒄
𝑩
𝒔𝒒 = 𝟏 + ( ) 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝝓′
𝑳
𝑩
𝒔𝜸 = 𝟏 − 𝟎. 𝟒 ( )
𝑳
D.5 DEPTH FACTORS

MEYERHOF:
𝑫
𝒅𝒄 = 𝟏 + 𝟎. 𝟐√𝑲𝒑 ( )
𝑩
𝑫
𝒅𝒒 = 𝒅𝜸 = 𝟏 + 𝟎. 𝟏 √𝑲𝒑 ( )𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝝓 > 𝟏𝟎
𝑩
 𝒅𝒒 = 𝒅𝜸 = 𝟏 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝝓 = 𝟎

Where:
𝝓
𝑲𝒑 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝟐 (𝟒𝟓 + )
𝟐
HANSEN:

𝒅𝒄 = 𝟎. 𝟒𝒌 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝝓 = 𝟎

HANSEN/VESIC:

𝒅𝒄 = 𝟏 + 𝟎. 𝟒𝒌

𝒅𝒒 = 𝟏 + 𝟐𝒌 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝝓′ (𝟏 − 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝝓′ )𝟐

𝒅𝜸 = 𝟏

Where
𝑫
𝒌= 𝒇𝒐𝒓 (𝑫/𝑩 ≤ 𝟏)
𝑩
For deeper footings (𝑫/𝑩 > 𝟏), use 𝒌 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏(𝑫/𝑩) with the 𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 term expressed in radians

D.6 GROUND INCLINATION FACTORS

Footings located near the top of a slope have a lower bearing capacity than those on level ground. To
account for this, Vesić defined the ground inclination factors:

𝛃
𝒈𝒄 = 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝝓 = 𝟎
𝟏𝟒𝟕
𝛃
𝒈𝒄 = 𝟏 −
𝟏𝟒𝟕
𝒈𝒒 = 𝒈𝜸 = (𝟏 − 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝛃)𝟐

If the ground surface is level (𝛃 = 0), the g factors become equal to 1 and may be ignored.
E. CALCULATIONS

c y y'
Depth N N60 (N1)60 ϕ Nc Nq Ny
kN/m2 kN/m3 kN/m3
1 5 2 4 0 13 15 15 5.14 1 0
2 9 5 8 30 0 16.8 16.8 30.14 18.4 22.4
3 9 5 10 31 0 16.8 6.99335 32.67 20.63 25.99
4 4 2 3 28 0 16.8 6.99335 25.8 14.72 16.72
5 6 4 6 29 0 16.8 6.99335 27.86 16.44 19.34
6 8 5 7 30 0 16.8 6.99335 30.14 18.4 22.4
7 13 9 15 17 21.4 14.5 4.69335 12.34 4.77 3.53
8 50 35 57 25 40 14.5 4.69335 20.72 10.66 10.88
9 50 37 56 25 40 14.5 4.69335 20.72 10.66 10.88
10 50 37 54 25 40 14.5 4.69335 20.72 10.66 10.88

Shape Factor Depth Factor

qu qallow qa net
sc sq sγ dc dq dγ
0.2 1 0.6 1.133333 1 1 30.1458667 10.0486222 5.048622
1.610484 1.57735 0.6 1.610529 1.57735 1 1794.48638 598.162126 587.5621
1.631466 1.600861 0.6 1.927927 1.882948 1 2575.9756 858.658533 845.7274
1.570543 1.531709 0.6 1.824803 1.768763 1 1931.20359 643.73453 628.4723
1.590093 1.554309 0.6 1.930392 1.873809 1 2648.89552 882.965173 865.3718
1.610484 1.57735 0.6 2.013919 1.958819 1 3539.18031 1179.72677 1159.802
1.386548 1.305731 0.6 1.824776 1.651966 1 1346.35796 448.785988 427.2971
1.514479 1.466308 0.6 2.024561 1.928466 1 4671.91631 1557.30544 1534.252
1.514479 1.466308 0.6 2.055855 1.956825 1 4885.4084 1628.46947 1603.852
1.514479 1.466308 0.6 2.081464 1.980031 1 5089.5981 1696.5327 1670.35

Note: The value of B is assumed to be 3.0 meters

The allowable bearing capacity based on settlement did not take into account on this calculation.