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    Drip Component and Drip Emitter

    Uploaded by

    Mrunali Gaikwad
    Drip irrigation, also called trickle irrigation, is a method of applying water directly to plant roots through a network of valves, pipes, tubing, and emitters. It allows for precise watering and high water efficiency. Benefits include higher crop yields, up to 70% water savings, labor savings, ability to use poor quality water, reduced weeds and disease, and adjustable irrigation based on soil type. Limitations are high initial costs, potential for emitter clogging, short system lifespan, and salt accumulation. Key components include filters, main lines, submains, laterals, emitters, control valves, and flush valves. Emitters come in various designs to regulate flow and compensate for pressure

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Drip Component and Drip Emitter

    Uploaded by

    Mrunali Gaikwad
    25 views31 pages
    Drip irrigation, also called trickle irrigation, is a method of applying water directly to plant roots through a network of valves, pipes, tubing, and emitters. It allows for precise watering and high water efficiency. Benefits include higher crop yields, up to 70% water savings, labor savings, ability to use poor quality water, reduced weeds and disease, and adjustable irrigation based on soil type. Limitations are high initial costs, potential for emitter clogging, short system lifespan, and salt accumulation. Key components include filters, main lines, submains, laterals, emitters, control valves, and flush valves. Emitters come in various designs to regulate flow and compensate for pressure

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    drip component and drip emitter

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    Drip irrigation, also called trickle irrigation, is a method of applying water directly to plant roots through a network of valves, pipes, tubing, and emitters. It allows for precise watering and high water efficiency. Benefits include higher crop yields, up to 70% water savings, labor savings, ability to use poor quality water, reduced weeds and disease, and adjustable irrigation based on soil type. Limitations are high initial costs, potential for emitter clogging, short system lifespan, and salt accumulation. Key components include filters, main lines, submains, laterals, emitters, control valves, and flush valves. Emitters come in various designs to regulate flow and compensate for pressure

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    25 views31 pages

    Drip Component and Drip Emitter

    Uploaded by

    Mrunali Gaikwad
    Drip irrigation, also called trickle irrigation, is a method of applying water directly to plant roots through a network of valves, pipes, tubing, and emitters. It allows for precise watering and high water efficiency. Benefits include higher crop yields, up to 70% water savings, labor savings, ability to use poor quality water, reduced weeds and disease, and adjustable irrigation based on soil type. Limitations are high initial costs, potential for emitter clogging, short system lifespan, and salt accumulation. Key components include filters, main lines, submains, laterals, emitters, control valves, and flush valves. Emitters come in various designs to regulate flow and compensate for pressure

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 31

    Drip Irrigation (Trickle)

    ◦ It is the method of applying uniform and precise amount of


    water directly to the root zone of plant as per the
    requirement.

    ◦ Frequent and slow application of water to the soil


    Benefits of Drip Irrigation
     Higher ratio of yield per unit area.
     Increase in water use efficiency.
     Water saving 30 - 70 per cent.
     Labour saving.
     Use of poor quality water.
     Reduce weed growth.
     Saving in fertilizer.
     Irrigation application rate can be adjusted as per the
    soil type.
    Less disease and pest problem
    Fun to do
    Limitations of Drip Irrigation
    High capital costs.
    High power requirement.
    Clogging of emitters.
    Damage chances.
    Short life of the system.
    Salt accumulation.
    Restricted development of plant roots.
    Components of Drip Irrigation system
    1) Filters
    a) Sand Filter
    • effective against inorganic
    and organic suspended solids
    • using water from open
    reservoir.
    • gravel/sand: 1-2 mm dia.
    • Pressure difference > 10 m:
    cleaning
    b) Screen filter

    • downstream of sand filter.


    • Inlet and outlet diameter:
    25 mm to 110 mm
    • mesh size : 100 to 200 mesh
    (0.15 mm to 0.08 mm)
    • pressure head : less than 3 m
    c) Disc Filter

    • It is a stock of thin plastic


    disks.
    • Housing is 25 mm to 90
    mm.
    • Can be cleaned easily.
    d) Hydro cyclone filter

    • Works on the principle of centrifugal


    force.
    • centrifugal filter or sand separators
    • Organic matter (Sp. Gravity of about 1)
    cannot be separated with centrifugal
    force.
    2) Main line

    • PVC and HDPE pipes


    • 60 to 90 cm below ground
    • Velocity of flow : < 1.5 m/s

    3) Submain
    • 45 to 60 cm below ground
    • PVC material
    4) Laterals
    • LDPE or LLDPE having 12 mm, 16 mm and 20 mm diameter
    • Pressure: 4 kg per square cm

    5) Emitters or drippers
    • Polyethylene or polypropylene.
    • Discharge: 1 to 16 lit/hr

    6) Ball Valve/ Control valve


    • Flow control through sub main
    • PVC, cast iron, gun metal
    •Size 20 mm to 140 mm
    7) Flush valve
    at the end of submain to flush out water and dirt accumulated
    at the end of submain
    8) Non return valve
    used to prevent damage of pump
    9) air release cum vacuum breaker valve
    provided at the highest point in the main line to release
    Entrapped air during start of the system
    9)Grommet and take-off
    Connect lateral to sub main
    10) End caps
    Types of drip irrigation system

    1) Online drip irrigation


    • Drippers are fixed externally on the
    laterals at the designed spacing.
    • It is commonly used for plant having
    large spacing
    • Discharge of dripper:-2,4,8,14,16 lph
    2) Inline drip irrigation

    • Drippers are fixed internally in the laterals at the requirements


    of different crops spacing.
    • It is commonly used for plant having small spacing like cotton
    sugarcane, vegetables etc.
    • Diameter of dripper:-12,16,20 mm
    • Dripper spacing:-30,40,50,60 cm
    Drip Irrigation
    Emitters
    dripper / Drip Nozzles
    Construction and characteristics

    • Made from polypropylene material.


    • should have Flow path to create turbulence in flow.
    • Clog resistant and as far as possible one should be
    able to open it up for inspection and repair

    18
    Basic requirements of drippers

    • it should give Low but uniform and constant


    discharge, which does not vary significantly
    because of minor difference in pressure head.
    • Compact, serviceable and inexpensive.
    • Large flow cross section.
    • Similar material should be available in market.
    Types of drippers
    1. Flow regime
    2. Pressure dissipation
    3. Lateral connection
    4. Water distribution
    5. Flow cross section
    6. Cleaning characteristics
    7. PC or NPC
    8. Production material
    1. Flow regime

    a. Laminar flow : long flow path and low discharge


    b. Partially turbulent flow: long path multi exit
    emitters, high discharge
    c. Fully turbulent flow
    Theory of flow regime
    Reynolds number(Re): Inertial forces/viscous forces
    Inertial forces= ma
    Viscous forces= µd
    𝑉𝑑
    Re=
    𝐾µ
    Where,
    V= velocity of flow in emitter, m/sec
    d= flow cross section, mm
    K= constant = 1000
    µ= kinematic viscosity, m2/sec =1×10-6 m2/sec
    Different flow regime

    Laminar flow regime Re ≤ 2000


    Unstable flow regime 2000 < Re ≤ 4000
    Partially turbulent flow regime 4000 < Re ≤ 10000

    Fully turbulent flow regime 10000 < Re


    2. Pressure dissipation

     Used to categorize emitter into long path emitters,


    nozzle or orifice emitter and leaking lateral pipes.
     must dissipate pressure difference between internal
    line pressure and external atmosphere pressure.
    3. Lateral connection

    a) In-line

    b) On-line or plug- in emitter


    4. Water distribution

    • Orifice or long flow path emitters

    • Perforated pipe
    5. Flow cross section

    • Very sensitive dripper : < 0.7 mm

    • Sensitive dripper : 0.7 – 1.5 mm

    • Relative insensitive dripper : > 1.5 mm


    6. PC and NPC emitters
    1. Pressure compensating emitters:
    • Discharge water at constant rate over wide range
    of operating pressure.
    • Hilly terrain

    2. Non pressure compensating


    • Discharge increases with increase in operating
    pressure.
    • Plane lands
    7. Production materials

    • PVC( poly-vinyl-chloride)
    • PE( polyethylene)
    • Polypropylene
    • Porous ceramic clay
    • Brass or other non corroding material
    Thank You…..

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