SREE NARAYANA MISSION SENIOR

SECONDARY SCHOOL
No.2/54, ESWARAN KOIL STREET, WEST MAMBALAM,
CHENNAI – 600 033

A Project Report On
“SCIENCE FICTION – THE TIME TRAVEL”

For
ALS PROJECT, English Core (301)
2023-2024

DONE BY
M.P.ASWANTH
R.ROHITH
 SREE NARAYANA MISSION SENIOR
SECONDARY SCHOOL
No.2/54, ESWARAN KOIL STREET, WEST MAMBALAM,
CHENNAI – 600 033

CERTIFICATE OF COMPLETION

This is to certify that the project entitled

SCIENCE FICTION – THE TIME TRAVEL in
English is bonafide carried out and successfully done by
R.Rohith, of class XII-B during the year 2023-24
submitted for the ALS at Sree Narayana Mission Senior
Secondary School, Chennai.

SIGNATURE OF THE TEACHER SIGNATURE OF THE PRINCIPAL

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to express our sincere thanks to all those who

helped us to complete our project within the stipulated time.

We would like to express our profound gratitude to our

Principal Mrs. S. Jayalakshmi, M.Sc., B.Ed., Sree Narayana
Mission Senior Secondary School for giving us this wonderful
opportunity to explore and enrich our knowledge socially and
educationally.

We express our heartfelt thanks to our English Teacher

Mrs. V. Selvamani, MA., B.Ed., M.Phil, for valuable guidance
and support throughout the project.

We would like to thank our family and friends for providing

adequate support for the successful completion of this project.
 INDEX

1. Abstract
2. Action Plan
3. Introduction
4. Is Time Travel possible?
5. Why is Time Travel craved by people?
6. History of Time Travel
7. Glimpse about Time Travel in 19th century
8. A view of Time Travel in 20th century
9. Time Travel in the field of Physics
10. Einstein’s Theory of Relativity
11. Special Theory of Relativity
12. General Theory of Relativity
13. Special Relativity V/s General Relativity
14. Wormholes
15. Time Dilation
16. Quantum Mechanics of Time Travel
17. Time Travel Paradox
18. Types of Paradoxes
19. Mental Time Travel
20. Pros and Cons of Time Travel
21. NASA’s report on Time Travel
22. Teacher’s viewpoint about Time Travel
23. Survey on Time Travel
24. Survey results
25. Conclusion
26. Author’s contributions
27. Group reflection
28. Individual reflection
29. Bibliography
30. Skit
 ABSTRACT

Background: This study covers the most curious and mysterious concept

across the world – The Time Travel. The scientists across worldwide are
trying to invent the time travel by various researches and technologies.

Objective: The main objective of this project is to learn about the general

information about Time Travel, its types, advantages and disadvantages.

Statement of purpose: We have chosen this topic because it is the

most fascinating and easily understandable concept and to acknowledge the

awareness of people towards Time Travel.

Method: This study was done through survey and collecting and gathering

information through reliable sources.

Results: All the participants are familiar with the topic Time Travel and

have their different opinions about Time Travel. Most of the participants
have revealed their interests and wishes if time travel invented. And most
noteworthy is that most of the people believe that time travel will not be
invented in future.
 ACTION PLAN
How
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Goals goal needed goal
task

Topic Our topic is

Leader takes
should be Select the Science
initiative and
Choose a appropriate topic for Topics lists Fiction -
confirms along 3 days
title or topic for all the that The Time
with team
fact Travel

Listen to Interviewed
many live many
Collected
experience, people,
Questionnaire, All the team all the
Collection of real life provided
internet, members required 2 weeks
data experience, survey to
podcasts data
from know their
internet views

Aligned
In a In the
All the team everything
Organisation prescribed provided Order list
members in perfect 1 week
and present sequence order
order

Prepare all From the

Perfect
Draw the reference Completed All the team
conclusion
relevant relevant of our report members 1 week
is prepared
conclusion conclusion report

Cover page
Submit the Certificate
whole Objectives
complete Merging all Action Plan Report with
Present the Team leader
report the report Report details 3 weeks
project work
along with Conclusion
conclusion Reflections
Bibliography
 INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS TIME TRAVEL?

➢ Time travel is the hypothetical concept of movement between certain

points in time, analogous to movement between different points in
space by an object or a person.
➢ It is typically with the use of a hypothetical device known as a time
machine. A time machine is a device which brings about closed time like
curves and thus, enables time travel where none would have existed
otherwise
➢ Time travel is a widely recognized concept in philosophy and fiction,
particularly science fiction. The idea of a time machine was popularized
by H. G. Wells' 1895 novel The Time Machine.
 IS TIME TRAVEL POSSIBLE??

It is uncertain if time travel to the past is physically possible, and such

travel, if at all feasible, may give rise to questions of causality. Forward
time travel, outside the usual sense of the perception of time, is an
extensively observed phenomenon and well-understood within the
framework of special relativity and general relativity. However, making
one body advance or delay more than a few milliseconds compared to
another body is not feasible with current technology. As for backward time
travel, it is possible to find solutions in general relativity that allow for it,
such as a rotating black hole. Traveling to an arbitrary point in spacetime
has very limited support in theoretical physics, and is usually connected
only with quantum mechanics or wormholes.
 WHY IS TIME TRAVEL CRAVED BY PEOPLE?
✓ To get some relief from a difficult reality.
✓ It is a kind of immortality at least temporarily.
✓ The wish to change the past and erase our regrets for actions we have
made.
✓ To see the future or the results of our actions.
✓ To gain valuable knowledge about the enemy's positioning and
resources in future battles.
✓ Our desire to defeat death ultimately.
✓ To have an adventure.
✓ To see the world through new eyes.
✓ To perceive the inventions and discoveries of future.
✓ To know status of our personal biography among our future descedants.
 HISTORY OF THE TIME TRAVEL

Some ancient myths depict a character skipping forward in time.

In Hindu mythology, the Vishnu Purana mentions the story of King
Raivata Kakudmi, who travels to heaven to meet the creator
Brahma and is surprised to learn when he returns to Earth that
many ages have passed. The Buddhist Pāli Canon mentions the
relativity of time. The Payasi Sutta tells of one of the Buddha's
chief disciples, Kumara Kassapa, who explains to the skeptic
Payasi that time in the Heavens passes differently than on Earth.
 GLIMPSE ABOUT TIME TRAVEL IN 19TH
CENTURY
The tradition of time travel and time travel paradox stories dates back
centuries. In the 19th century, classics such as Rip van Winkle by
Washington Irving, A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court by Mark
Twain, Looking Backward by Edward Bellamy, and so forth, delighted
readers. They could be considered examples of novels involving time
displacement, via either sleep or some kind of disruption.

However, it was Wells’ The Time Machine, published in 1895, that

embodied the first description of a controlled voyage through time using
technology. The protagonist in that novella built a device that enabled him
to travel into the far future, witnessing the degradation of the human race
into two new species, the Eloi and Morlocks.

Because it described time travel solely to the future and back, The Time
Machine did not involve any paradoxes. The protagonist sets out into the
future, stays for a brief interval, then returns to the present. Although his
presence certainly alters the events of the world to come, such a change
violates no laws of logic or physics since the order of cause and effect is
not interfered with in the story.
A VIEW OF TIME TRAVEL IN 20TH CENTURY
Starting in the pulp era of science fiction in the 1930s, speculations abound
about time travel leading to an alternate reality. A classic story about
tampering with history is Ray Bradbury’s ‘A Sound of Thunder’. Through a
minor detour during a time traveling expedition, the historical chain of
events is tampered with in a disastrous manner. The death of a butterfly,
stepped on by a time traveller during a journey to the age of the dinosaurs,
triggers a chain of events that grow over time, leading to a difference in
current political events (a change in who wins a presidential election), along
with an alteration in English language spelling.

Another pivotal novel in the alternate history genre, Bring the Jubilee by
Ward Moore, considers how time travel could affect the outcome of the Civil
War (Moore 1965). A time traveling scholar arrives back in the year 1865
and ultimately changes the course of the Battle of Gettysburg. This results in
an alteration of the outcome of the Civil War and in a subsequent branching
of history. The ironic twist to the story is that the scholar is from a world in
which the Confederacy has been victorious over the Union. Through his
inadvertent tampering, he helps trigger a Southern defeat and brings about
the familiar narrative of history. He is stranded in the past because,
paradoxically, he has destroyed the timeline for which time travel had been
invented.

Now, in this modern period, people believe in physics and try to invent the
time travel. So, let’s have a quick look at time travel in physics.
 TIME TRAVEL IN THE FIELD OF PHYSICS

Some theories, most notably special and general relativity, suggest that
suitable geometries of spacetime or specific types of motion in space might
allow time travel into the past and future if these geometries or motions
were possible. In technical papers, physicists discuss the possibility of
closed time like curves, which are world lines that form closed loops in
spacetime, allowing objects to return to their own past. There are known
to be solutions to the equations of general relativity that describe
spacetimes which contain closed time like curves, such as Gödel
spacetime, but the physical plausibility of these solutions is uncertain.
Many in the scientific community believe that backward time travel is
highly unlikely. Any theory that would allow time travel would introduce
potential problems of causality. The classic example of a problem
involving causality is the "grandfather paradox," which involves travelling
to the past and intervening in the conception of one's ancestors (causing
the death of an ancestor before said conception being frequently cited).
Some physicists, such as Novikov and Deutsch, suggested that these sorts
of temporal paradoxes can be avoided through the Novikov self-
consistency principle or a variation of the many-worlds interpretation
with interacting worlds.
 EINSTEIN’S THEORY OF RELATIVITY

The theory of relativity usually encompasses two interrelated physics

theories by Albert Einstein: special relativity and general relativity,
proposed and published in 1905 and 1915, respectively. Special relativity
applies to all physical phenomena in the absence of gravity. General
relativity explains the law of gravitation and its relation to the forces of
nature. It applies to the cosmological and astrophysical realm, including
astronomy.
The theory transformed theoretical physics and astronomy during the
20th century, superseding a 200-year-old theory of mechanics created
primarily by Isaac Newton. It introduced concepts including 4-dimensional
spacetime as a unified entity of space and time, relativity of simultaneity,
kinematic and gravitational time dilation, and length contraction. In the
field of physics, relativity improved the science of elementary particles
and their fundamental interactions, along with ushering in the nuclear age.
With relativity, cosmology and astrophysics predicted extraordinary
astronomical phenomena such as neutron stars, black holes, and
gravitational waves.
 SPECIAL THEORY OF RELATIVITY

Special relativity is a theory of the structure of spacetime. It was

introduced in Einstein's 1905 paper "On the Electrodynamics of Moving
Bodies" (for the contributions of many other physicists and
mathematicians, see History of special relativity). Special relativity is
based on two postulates which are contradictory in classical mechanics:
1) The laws of physics are the same for all observers in any inertial frame
of reference relative to one another (principle of relativity).
2) The speed of light in a vacuum is the same for all observers, regardless
of their relative motion or of the motion of the light source.
The resultant theory copes with experiment better than classical
mechanics. For instance, postulate 2 explains the results of the Michelson–
Morley experiment. Moreover, the theory has many surprising and
counterintuitive consequences. Some of these are:
➢ Relativity of simultaneity: Two events, simultaneous for one observer,
may not be simultaneous for another observer if the observers are in
relative motion.
➢ Time dilation: Moving clocks are measured to tick more slowly than an
observer's "stationary" clock.
➢ Length contraction: Objects are measured to be shortened in the
direction that they are moving with respect to the observer.
➢ Maximum speed is finite: No physical object, message or field line can
travel faster than the speed of light in a vacuum.
o The effect of gravity can only travel through space at the speed of
light, not faster or instantaneously.
➢ Mass–energy equivalence: E = mc2, energy and mass are equivalent
and transmutable.
➢ Relativistic mass, idea used by some researchers.
The defining feature of special relativity is the replacement of the Galilean
transformations of classical mechanics by the Lorentz transformations.

SPECIAL THEORY OF RELATIVITY

 GENERAL THEORY OF RELATIVITY

General relativity, also known as the general theory of relativity and

Einstein's theory of gravity, is the geometric theory of gravitation
published by Albert Einstein in 1915 and is the current description of
gravitation in modern physics. General relativity generalizes special
relativity and refines Newton's law of universal gravitation, providing a
unified description of gravity as a geometric property of space and time or
four-dimensional spacetime. In particular, the curvature of spacetime is
directly related to the energy and momentum of whatever matter and
radiation are present. The relation is specified by the Einstein field
equations, a system of second order partial differential equations.
The development of general relativity began with the equivalence
principle, under which the states of accelerated motion and being at rest in
a gravitational field (for example, when standing on the surface of the
Earth) are physically identical. The upshot of this is that free fall is inertial
motion: an object in free fall is falling because that is how objects move
when there is no force being exerted on them, instead of this being due to
the force of gravity as is the case in classical mechanics. This is
incompatible with classical mechanics and special relativity because in
those theories inertially moving objects cannot accelerate with respect to
each other, but objects in free fall do so. To resolve this difficulty Einstein
first proposed that spacetime is curved. Einstein discussed his idea with
mathematician Marcel Grossmann and they concluded that general
relativity could be formulated in the context of Riemannian geometry
which had been developed in the 1800s. In 1915, he devised the Einstein
field equations which relate the curvature of spacetime with the mass,
energy, and any momentum within it.
According to general relativity, clocks closer to the centre of a large
gravitational mass like Earth tick more slowly than those farther away. So,
because the GPS satellites are much farther from the centre of Earth
compared to clocks on the surface, Physics Central added, that adds
another 45 microseconds onto the GPS satellite clocks each day. Combined
with the negative 7 microseconds from the special relativity calculation,
the net result is an added 38 microseconds.
Some of the consequences of general relativity are:
➢ Gravitational time dilation: Clocks run slower in deeper gravitational
wells.
➢ Precession: Orbits precess in a way unexpected in Newton's theory of
gravity. (This has been observed in the orbit of Mercury and in binary
pulsars).
➢ Light deflection: Rays of light bend in the presence of a gravitational
field.
➢ Frame-dragging: Rotating masses "drag along" the spacetime around
them.
➢ Expansion of the universe: The universe is expanding, and certain
components within the universe can accelerate the expansion.
Technically, general relativity is a theory of gravitation whose defining
feature is its use of the Einstein field equations. The solutions of the field
equations are metric tensors which define the topology of the spacetime
and how objects move inertially. It describes the universe under a system
of field equations that determine the metric, or distance function, of
spacetime.
This theory permits two hypothetical warped spacetimes. They are:
1) Wormholes
2) Time Dilation

SPECIAL RELATIVITY VS GENERAL RELATIVITY

 WORMHOLES

A wormhole is like a tunnel between two distant points in our universe

that cuts the travel time from one point to the other. Instead of traveling
for many millions of years from one galaxy to another, under the right
conditions one could theoretically use a wormhole to cut the travel time
down to hours or minutes. Einstein's theory of general relativity
mathematically predicts the existence of wormholes, but none have been
discovered to date. A negative mass wormhole might be spotted by the
way its gravity affects light that passes by.
Science fiction is filled with tales of traveling through wormholes. But the
reality of such travel is more complicated, and not just because we've yet
to spot one. The first problem is size. Primordial wormholes are predicted
to exist on microscopic levels, about 10–33 centimetres. However, as the
universe expands, it is possible that some may have been stretched to
larger sizes.
Another problem comes from stability. The predicted Einstein-Rosen
wormholes would be useless for travel because they collapse quickly. So, it
needs exotic type of matter to stabilize it. But more recent research found
that a wormhole containing "exotic" matter could stay open and
unchanging for longer periods of time.
Exotic matter, which should not be confused with dark matter or
antimatter, contains negative energy density and a large negative
pressure. Such matter has only been seen in the behaviour of certain
vacuum states as part of quantum field theory.
If a wormhole contained sufficient exotic matter, whether naturally
occurring or artificially added, it could theoretically be used as a method of
sending information or travellers through space, according Live Science.
Unfortunately, human journeys through the space tunnels may be
challenging.

VARIOUS SCENARIOS OF WARMHOLE OPENING

 TIME DILATION

Time dilation is the “slowing down” of a clock as determined by an

observer who is in relative motion with respect to that clock in the theory
of special relativity. In special relativity, an observer in inertial (i.e., non-
accelerating) motion has a well-defined means of determining which
events occur simultaneously with a given event. A second inertial
observer, who is in relative motion with respect to the first, however, will
disagree with the first observer regarding which events are simultaneous
with that given event.
Neither observer is wrong in this determination; rather, their
disagreement merely reflects the fact that simultaneity is an observer-
dependent notion in special relativity. A notion of simultaneity is required
in order to make a comparison of the rates of clocks carried by the two
observers. If the first observer’s notion of simultaneity is used, it is found
that the second observer’s clock runs slower than the first observer’s by a
factor of Square root of√(1 − v2/c2), where v is the relative velocity of the
observers and c equals 299,792 km (186,282 miles) per second - i.e., the
speed of light.
Similarly, using the second observer’s notion of simultaneity, it is found
that the first observer’s clock runs slower by the same factor. Thus, each
inertial observer determines that all clocks in motion relative to that
observer run slower than that observer’s own clock. A closely related
phenomenon predicted by special relativity is the so-called twin paradox.
Suppose one of two twins carrying a clock departs on a rocket ship from
the other twin, an inertial observer, at a certain time, and they re-join at a
later time. In accordance with the time-dilation effect, the elapsed time on
the clock of the twin on the rocket ship will be smaller than that of the
inertial observer twin—i.e., the non-inertial twin will have aged less than
the inertial observer twin when they re-join.
 QUANTUM MECHANICS OF TIME TRAVEL

Until recently, most studies on time travel are based upon classical general
relativity. Coming up with a quantum version of time travel requires
physicists to figure out the time evolution equations for density states in
the presence of closed time like curves (CTC).
Novikov had conjectured that once quantum mechanics is taken into
account, self-consistent solutions always exist for all time machine
configurations, and initial conditions. However, it has been noted such
solutions are not unique in general, in violation of determinism, unitarity
and linearity.
The application of self-consistency to quantum mechanical time machines
has taken two main routes. Novikov's rule applied to the density matrix
itself gives the Deutsch prescription. Applied instead to the state vector,
the same rule gives non unitary physics with a dual description in terms of
post-selection.
.
 TIME TRAVEL PARADOX
Time travel paradox is an apparent contradiction, or logical contradiction
associated with the idea of time and time travel. While the notion of time
travel to the future complies with current understanding of physics via
relativistic time dilation, temporal paradoxes arise from circumstances
involving hypothetical time travel to the past – and are often used to
demonstrate its impossibility.

MAIN TYPES OF PARADOXES

1) CASUAL LOOP: A causal loop is a paradox of time travel that occurs when
a future event is the cause of a past event, which in turn is the cause of the
future event. Both events then exist in spacetime, but their origin cannot
be determined. A causal loop may involve an event, a person or object, or
information. The terms boot-strap paradox, predestination paradox or
ontological paradox are sometimes used in fiction to refer to a causal loop.
2) GRANDFATHER PARADOX: The consistency paradox or grandfather
paradox occurs when the past is changed in any way, thus creating a
contradiction. A common example given is travelling to the past and
intervening with the conception of one's ancestors (such as causing the
death of the parent beforehand), thus affecting the conception of oneself.
If the time traveller were not born, then it would not be possible for them
to undertake such an act in the first place. Therefore, the ancestor lives to
offspring the time traveller's next-generation ancestor, and eventually the
time traveller. There is thus no predicted outcome to this. Consistency
paradoxes occur whenever changing the past is possible.
3) BOOTSTRAP PARADOX: The Bootstrap Paradox is a theoretical paradox
of time travel that occurs when an object or piece of information sent back
in time becomes trapped within an infinite cause-effect loop in which the
item no longer has a discernible point of origin, and is said to be
“uncaused” or “self-created”. It is also known as an Ontological Paradox, in
reference to ontology, a branch of metaphysics dealing with the study of
being and existence.
4) POLCHINSKI’S PARADOX: Polchinski’s paradox is another bizarre time
travel paradox. It is named after the physicist Joseph Polchinski who
proposed this paradox. In this scenario, a billiard ball goes into a
wormhole and comes out of the other end in the past. It emerges just in
time to crash with its younger form and stop it from travelling into the
wormhole in the first place. Polchinski’s paradox is being taken seriously
by many theoretical physicists as there are no contradictions in general
relativity to hinder the possibility of closed time-like curves, space-time
tunnels, or interdimensional time travel. In fact, it has the merit of being in
line with the laws of motion.
5) FERMI PARADOX: The Fermi paradox can be adapted for time travel, and
phrased "if time travel were possible, where are all the visitors from the
future?" Answers vary, from time travel not being possible, to the
possibility that visitors from the future cannot reach any arbitrary point in
the past, or that they disguise themselves to avoid detection.
6) NEWCOMB’S PARADOX: Newcomb's paradox is a thought experiment
showing an apparent contradiction between the expected utility principle
and the strategic dominance principle. The thought experiment is often
extended to explore causality and free will by allowing for "perfect
predictors": if perfect predictors of the future exist, for example if time
travel exists as a mechanism for making perfect predictions, then perfect
predictions appear to contradict free will because decisions apparently
made with free will are already known to the perfect predictor.
7) PREDESTINATION PARADOX: A Predestination Paradox occurs when
the actions of a person traveling back in time become part of past events,
and may ultimately cause the event he is trying to prevent to take place.
The result is a ‘temporal causality loop’ in which Event 1 in the past
influences Event 2 in the future (time travel to the past) which then causes
Event 1 to occur.
 MENTAL TIME TRAVEL
Mental Time Travel(MTT) refers to the ability to mentally re-experience
the past and pre-experience the future. In psychology, mental time travel
is the capacity to mentally reconstruct personal events from the past
(episodic memory) as well as to imagine possible scenarios in the future
(episodic foresight/episodic future thinking). The term was coined by
Thomas Suddendorf and Michael Corballis, building on Endel Tulving's
work on episodic memory (Tulving proposed the alternative term
chronesthesia).
Mental time travel has been studied by psychologists, cognitive
neuroscientists, philosophers and in a variety of other academic
disciplines. Major areas of interest include the nature of the relationship
between memory and foresight, the evolution of the ability (including
whether it is uniquely human or shared with other animals), its
development in young children, its underlying brain mechanisms, as well
as its potential links to consciousness, the self, and free will.
 PROS AND CONS OF TIME TRAVEL

PROS:-
▪ Ambiguity about the past would be removed.
▪ Seeing into the future would help governments and normal people
make the right decisions.
▪ Experiencing Different Eras and Cultures.
▪ Money could be easily raised by travelling back in time, hiding wine,
then retrieving it back in the present.
▪ Time travel could help doctors because they could go forward in time to
cure any diseases and could bring medicines to the present day.
▪ Time travel could help scientists go back in time to find evidence for
their theories or even save or discover extinct animals.
▪ Time travel could also help with solving some world problems like
9/11, world wars etc.
CONS:-
▪ People might make mistakes in the past, making the present a mess.
▪ Scientists can invent new species which can be dangerous to human
race in the past.
▪ Governments would use it in wars to ruin the history of the other
country, causing a cross-temporal battleground.
▪ People may travel to the past and catch diseases at large back and later
can cause a new epidemic like small pox.
▪ People might lose touch with reality.
▪ Time travel could kill people that shouldn’t be dead or save people that
should be dead.
▪ Especially if prisoners got hold of it, they would go back to find ways to
not get caught.
▪ Paradoxes may have cause the universe to stop existing.
 NASA’S REPORT ON TIME TRAVEL
Is Time Travel Possible? NASA Reveals How Humans Could Have
Superpowers
NASA says that time travel is real, and you have been doing it all your life.
You read that right. You have been travelling to the future every day at one
second per second. That’s just the “normal" passage of time, you say?
Nowhere near the impressive past-altering, future-seeing plots of time travel
books and movies? Well, alright. NASA has actually done one better. The
organisation says that experiencing time pass at a rate different from one
second per second is possible. Even cooler, it involves speed!
If you travel at a rate slower than one second per second, then you are in a
little in the past relative to everyone and everything else. On the contrary, if
you experience time at a rate faster than one second per second, then you
are a little in the future relative to others. Technically, that’s time travel.
How can this be done, you ask? Speed (and gravity)!
To start off, Albert Einstein’s theory of special relativity says that time is an
illusion, and it moves relative to an observer. This theory proposes that the
faster you travel, the slower time moves for you. Thus, an observer travelling
close to the speed of light will experience time and its aftereffects (ageing,
for instance) much slower than someone who isn’t shuttling at that speed.
Experiments have proved the theory, too. The simplest one is when scientists
got two clocks set at the same time and put one on the Earth and another in
an aeroplane going in the same direction Earth rotates.
Upon comparing the time on both the clocks after the aeroplane flew around
the world, scientists found that the clock on the plane was lagging slightly.
The clock was moving just a little slower in time than one second per second.
That time was literally in the past! Another part of Einstein’s theory says
that gravity curves space and time. This causes the passage of time to slow
down. This means that in places where the Earth’s gravity is weaker, for
instance, in our planet’s orbit, time runs faster. As proof, astronaut Scott
Kelly aged five milliseconds lesser than his twin brother, who stayed on
Earth.
 TEACHER’S VIEWPOINT ABOUT TIME
TRAVEL
Time travel is a theoretical concept that suggests the possibility of moving
between different points in time. According to many theories in physics, time is
considered as one of the dimensions, much like space, and could potentially be
manipulated. Einstein's theory of relativity, particularly the idea of time
dilation, allows for the idea that time can pass at different rates in different
conditions. However, practical time travel as commonly depicted in science
fiction, involving backward or forward movement in a controllable manner,
remains speculative and faces numerous theoretical and practical challenges.
The concept continues to captivate scientific minds and inspire creative works
across various media.
BY DR. N. BHUVANESWARI,
PHYSICS TEACHER OF SNMSSS
 SURVEY ON TIME TRAVEL

1)Have you ever thought about time travel?

o Yes
o No
2)Do you believe that time travel is possible?
o Yes
o No
o Not sure
3)If time travel were possible, which of the following
methods would you prefer to use?
o Time machine
o Wormhole
o Time dilation
4)If you could travel through time, which time period would
you choose to visit?
o The future
o The past
5)If you chose to visit the future, how far ahead would you
like to travel?
o A few years
o Decades
o Centuries
6)If you choose to visit the past, which time period would you
like to visit?
o Ancient times (e.g. Rome, Greece)
o Medieval times (e.g. Middle Ages, Renaissance)
o Modern times (e.g. 20th century)
7)Do you think that time travel will be invented in future?
o Yes
o No
8)Do you think time travel should be regulated or restricted
in some way?
o Yes
o No
o not sure
9)If time travel were possible, what would be the first thing
you would do?
o Visit a historical event or period
o Meet a famous person from the past
o Explore the future
10)How would time travel impact the future?
o It could create new opportunities and advancements
o It could disrupt the timeline and cause catastrophic events
o It would have no impact on the future
SURVEY RESULT
CONCLUSION:-
This survey shows the knowledge of people about Time Travel. This
survey has been attended by more than 50 people across Chennai. It
shows that people have much expectations on the invention of time travel
in future. It shows the proportion of people’s opinions on Time Travel.
Time travel is an open field, with no real research into it and without the
concrete theory on how it would work if it did exist. It gives authors
freedom on how they want to tell their stories, without having to worry
about the science behind it. It’s the very definition of creative freedom. All
in all, time travel can be whatever we want it to be. It can be anything from
a metaphor about emotional vulnerability to just a simple enjoyable
experience, so no matter what it is, it still will always make us think “Why
did we enjoy this so much?”.

AUTHOR’S CONTRIBUTION:-
Aswanth – Conducted survey, co-writing the script
Rohith – Collecting information, combining project

The whole team contributed their full efforts and cooperation in

completing the entire project.
 GROUP REFLECTION

This project helped us to learn a lot about time time travel. It also
helped us to know how the time travel plays an important role in
the field of science. This project made us aware about the level of
people's interest towards time travel. This project helped to
improve our inner qualities like coordination, creativity,
conscientious and responsibility.
 BIBLIOGRAPY
1. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_travel
2. https://www.quora.com/What-are-the-advantages-
and-disadvantages-of-time-travel
3. https://www.news18.com/buzz/is-time-travel-
possible-nasa-reveals-how-humans-could-have-
superpowers-6518557.html
4. https://www.space.com/17661-theory-general-
relativity.html
5. The Time Machine Book
 ALS SPEAKING ACTIVITY SCRIPT
SCIENCE FICTION – THE TIME TRAVEL

SKIT

Characters:
• Aswanth - A brilliant physicist and inventor of a revolutionary
time travel technology.
• Rohith - Aswanth's colleague and a brilliant mathematician
specializing in theoretical physics.
Scene 1: Aswanth and Rohith's high-tech laboratory, filled with advanced
equipments and monitors.
Aswanth: Rohith, my friend, after years of research and experimentation,
I've finally completed the Temporal Warp Device. It allows us to
navigate through the fabric of time itself!
Rohith: Aswanth, this is astounding! The implications of time travel are
mind-boggling. But are we ready to test it?
Aswanth: Our calculations are impeccable. The device is stable and
capable of withstanding the temporal strain. I believe it's time to
take the leap.
Rohith: Alright, Aswanth. Let's embark on this extraordinary journey.
Where shall we venture first?
Aswanth: How about we travel to the future, Rohith? Let's witness the
advancements which humanity has made and shall bring back
valuable knowledge to benefit our time.
Rohith: An intriguing choice! Let's step into the Temporal Warp Device
and explore the wonders that await us.
Scene 2: Aswanth and Rohith enter the Temporal Warp Device, and the
room hums with energy as the device activates.
Aswanth: Brace yourself, Rohith. We are about to breach the barriers of
time and space.
(The Temporal Warp Device generates a brilliant surge of energy, engulfing
Aswanth and Rohith. When it subsides, they find themselves in a futuristic
metropolis.)
Rohith: Look at the astonishing architecture and advanced technology! It's
like stepping into a utopian dream!
Aswanth: The progress humankind has achieved is breathtaking. Let's
observe and learn from this future society without interfering.
Scene 3: Aswanth and Rohith explore the futuristic city, marveling at its
sustainable infrastructure, hovercrafts, and holographic displays.
Rohith: The level of integration between humans and technology is
unprecedented. We must document every detail to share with our
colleagues when back home.
Aswanth: Agreed, Rohith. The knowledge and inspiration gained from this
future world could reshape our present reality.
(Suddenly, they notice a group of scientists working on an advanced energy
source.)
Aswanth: Rohith, let's approach them and engage in a scientific exchange.
Perhaps we can contribute and learn more about their
groundbreaking technologies.
Rohith: Excellent idea, Aswanth. This collaboration could accelerate our
progress and shape a better future for all.
Scene 4: Aswanth and Rohith join the group of scientists, sharing their
expertise and exchanging ideas. They learn about breakthroughs in energy,
medicine, and space exploration.
Aswanth: Our time here has been invaluable, Rohith. But we must be
cautious not to disrupt the timeline or jeopardize our return.
Rohith: You're right, Aswanth. Let's ensure we leave no trace of our
presence and make our way back to the Temporal Warp Device.
(Aswanth and Rohith bid farewell to the scientists and navigate their way
back to the Temporal Warp Device, careful not to draw attention.)
Aswanth: Hold on tight, Rohith. We're about to traverse the fabric of time
once more.
(The Temporal Warp Device activates, enveloping Aswanth and Rohith in a
vortex of energy. They reappear in their laboratory, safe and sound.)
Rohith: That was an extraordinary adventure, Aswanth. We witnessed the
future and gained insights that will revolutionize our work.
Aswanth: Indeed, Rohith. Our journey through time has expanded our
understanding of what is possible. Let's continue our quest to
unlock the mysteries of the universe.

THE END