Running head: RESEARCH PROPOSAL 1

EXPLORING THE IMPACT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ON THE

ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE: A STUDY OF BS MARINE
TRANSPORTATION STUDENTS

In partial fulfilment
of the requirements for the subject
NGEC 5: Purposive Communication

Submitted to
Cathyrine B. Homecillo – Fabrero, Instructor

Bachelor of Science in Marine Transportation

College of Maritime Education
Educational Systems Technological Institute – Boac

By
Moreno, Richard L.
Villena, Jorvin
Osinsao, Jhon Renz
Mendeja, Alvin James
Garcia, Jhon Marc
Valenzuela, Jhon Rey
Puertellano, Guernan
Largo, Mark Lloyd
Montellana, Ariel
Orillos, James Yhvan
Rosas, Prince Russel
Lota, Shaolo
Reanzares, John Benedict
Vitor, Victor
Hutalla, Jhon Michael

13 February 2024
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Table of Contents

Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 3

Background and context ....................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Problem statement ................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

Research questions ............................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Relevance and importance of the research ........................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Literature review ........................................................................................................................ 4

Key concepts, theories and studies ....................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Key debates and controversies ............................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

Gaps in existing knowledge .................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

Research design and methods .................................................................................................... 9

Aims and objectives................................................................................................................ 9

Methods and sources .............................................................................................................. 9

Practicalities and potential obstacles .................................................................................... 11

Implications and contributions to knowledge .......................................................................... 12

Practical implications ........................................................................................................... 12

Theoretical implications ....................................................................................................... 12

Reference list ........................................................................................................................... 13

Research schedule .................................................................................................................... 14

Research phase ..................................................................................................................... 14

Objectives ............................................................................................................................. 14

Deadline ................................................................................................................................ 14
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Introduction

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into education has become a prominent

force, shaping the academic landscape across various disciplines where it become

transformative, raising questions about the impact on students' performance. For all we know,

Artificial intelligence perform different tasks include learning, reasoning, problem solving,

understanding natural language and so much more wherein its aim is to stimulate or replicate

human cognitive functions, enabling machines to carry out complex functions automatically.

With the broaden field of Marine Transportation, Artificial Intelligence become

prevalent in maritime operations. It is important to explore how these advancements in

technologies are incorporated it to the curriculum and also how students adapt to these changes.

This exploration is very essential for assessing the potential effects on the academic

performance of Marine Transportation students in Educational Systems Technological

Institute. Since Artificial Intelligence can analyze vast amount of data on different field of

marine transportation such as oceanography, navigation, marine ecology and others, the

researcher come up with this research topic.

By exploring how Artificial Intelligence technologies are incorporated into their

curriculum and assessing potential correlations with academic performance, this research aims

to contribute or provide insights into the relationship between Artificial intelligence and

academic achievement of Marine Transportation students as well as to determine the impact of

Artificial Intelligence on the students' academic performance.

RESEARCH PROPOSAL 4

Literature review

The beginning of artificial intelligence dates to 1950, when the technology behind it

was invented by Alan Turing, a computer pioneer, who had already previously talked about the

concept of an in telligent machine. In year 1950 Alan Turing did a test known as the Turing

Test, to see whether a computer can think like a human. This test includes a computer, human

interrogator, and a human respondent. The interrogator asks any type of questions to the

computer and the respondent, and based on the answers must then guess which is the computer.

The human respondent must try to help the interrogator make a right guess, but the computer

is allowed to answer in any way it is ca pable to not be identified (Copeland, 2023).

Artificial intelligence (AI) is defined in many different ways; some consider it to be a

kind of invented technology that allows computers and machines to function properly. Some

see it as the machine that replaces human labor to work for men a more effective and speedier

result. Others see this as a system that is capable of accurately interpreting external data,

learning from it and applying these lessons in order to achieve certain objectives and tasks by

means of flexible adaptation (Pallathadka Hrikumar et.al, 2022).

AI researchers have created many tools to solve the most difficult problems in computer

science and other fields. The current AI performance ranges between sub-human, optimal, and

super-human performance. A wide range of tasks can be solved by AI applications including

facial recognition, speech recognition, object recognition, images classification and surpassing

human-level intelligence (Kayid Amr, 2020). AI is also becoming more and more common in

education, with different tools students and teach ers can use for their advantage. AI is

reforming the methods students use for studying. Different study fields can benefit from AI

tools in different ways. These tools can save time, function as a tu tor, help dyslexic students,

assist to write code, and it can even adjust to the student’s learning style. This thesis covers
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also what possible disadvantages and risks there are of AI in education, including ethical

considerations (Nilsone, Amanda Laura, 2023).

When we talk about students’ performance, we usually mean their academic

performance, which includes their performance in a certain course they are enrolled in or a

certain class of students they are part of. But we cannot keep ourselves limited to only the

academic performance of the students, as that is not the only thing that society depends on. It

may be that an academically sound student is of no use to society, whereas an academically

not-so-well student serves his or her society much better. It’s solely because of the personality

the student holds—his attitude, body language, and all (Chatterjee, Rana et al., 2020). Thus,

the personality of a student can be thought of as an important factor we should look for in a

student, and hence, the performance of a student towards her or his personality development

should also be taken into consideration.

One of the key roles of modern educational system is that it creates competences that

allow people to participate in the economic sphere of life. The history of educational systems

is closely linked with the development of the industrial society, and wage labour is still a central

organizing principle in industrial societies and their everyday life. In high-level policy

discussions, education is therefore often understood as a source of employment. Education, in

this interpretation, is a key driver of economic productivity and competitiveness, and

educational policies are framed in the context of economic growth. It is therefore important to

ask also in the context of educational policies how AI will transform work and employment.

For economists, a central question has been whether automation and computerization increase

unemployment. As machines increase (Ikka, T. 2018).

A study conducted by Langin Z. et.al 2023 titled the effectiveness of artificial

intelligence on learning achievement and learning perception: A meta-analysis reveal that AI

had a high effect size on learning achievement and a small effect size on learning perception.
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The effect sizes of 13 moderator variables were analyzed, including sample levels, sample size,

learning domains, learning methods, research design, research settings, intervention duration,

types of organization for treatment, role of AI, areas of AI application, AI software, AI

hardware, and AI technologies. It was found that sample size, sample level, learning domains,

types of organization, roles of AI, and hardware significantly moderated the effectiveness of

AI.

Similarly, Idroes G.m et.,al 2023 conducted similar study about Student Perspectives

on the Role of Artificial Intelligence in Education: A Survey-Based Analysis which reveals

through survey that targeted students from diverse academic backgrounds and educational

levels. The results show that, in general, students have a positive perception of AI and believe

AI is beneficial for education. However, they are still concerned about some of the drawbacks

of using AI. Therefore, it is necessary to take steps to minimize the negative impact while

continuing to take advantage of the advantages of AI in education.

Likewise, a study conducted by Wang 2019 titled Development and validation of an

artificial intelligence anxiety (AIA) scale: an initial application in predicting motivated learning

behavior through analyzing data from the respondents, it reveals that the proposed AIAS has

well-established psychometric properties, which facilitate the work of both AI developers and

practitioners, who are responsible for applying and implementing AI technologies and

products, and scholars and educators involved in developing and testing IS theories that explain

and predict AI adoption behavior. The findings of this study provide a preliminary insight into

the relationship between AIA and motivated learning behavior. However, more research in this

area is required. In order to determine how these concepts are related to each other, other

methods including cross-sectional studies will be useful in terms of analyzing a representative

subset including AIA, learning behaviors and other potential factors on relevant learning

processes at a particular time. The AIAS demonstrates satisfactory reliability and validity
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across various AI technologies/products. Educators, scholars, and practitioners are encouraged

to employ the AIAS in AI and learning environments.

In contrast to the studies conducted by Idroes 2023 and Wang 2019, one of the

technologies that ensure such equality or similarity is digital technologies that are being

introduced into the process of general and vocational training and education. However,

in addition to opportunities, the introduction of these technologies is accompanied by

numerous ethical problems that call into question the economic feasibility of their

widespread and uncontrolled creation and use. Having paid for "education" and having become

familiar with certain knowledge, skills and, even more, "spiritual and moral competencies" in

the course of a "training session" with a digital device of one type or another, human cannot

become a competent student and/or professional, to develop as a person or a subject of

professional-labor or intimate-personal relationships. Undoubtedly, all this is possible if we are

talking about the development of the ability to learn and the development of some other

qualities and skills of a person associated with the experience of using certain devices, with

the culture of their application. But it is impossible if we are talking about the formation

and development of man as a fully functioning being, a subject of culture as a whole. The idea

of comparing human (“robot-proof” subject) to artificial intelligence is interesting in the

context of testing some of its properties, but not interesting in the context of "value

comparison": a person initially cannot be less valuable than the machine he created. A machine,

artificial intelligence exists only as an extension of a person, otherwise, we are talking about

the fact that it exists against a person . the development of artificial intelligence systems is often

carried out by people who have such features of life orientations that direct the development of

these systems towards competition, manipulation, and destruction of a human. It should be

emphasized separately: there is no one artificial intelligence; there are different systems

of artificial intelligence: in terms of level it can be combined into types, just like sociopaths

(Wang et.al, 2022).

RESEARCH PROPOSAL 8

Similar to the study of Wang et.al 2022 titled Unraveling the Complexity: A

DEMATEL Analysis of the Negative Impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) Adoption among

students in higher education using DEMATEL analysis, the study revealed numerous key

findings that illuminate the complexities of integrating AI in education, with management

consequences. The emergence of privacy and security concerns as a central issue highlighted

the critical nature of solid data protection measures and ethical conduct in relation to artificial

intelligence (Rodzhi Z.2024).

Statement of the Problem

1. What is/are the influence of Artificial Intelligence on the Academic Performance of

Marine Transportation students?

2. What is/are the potential correlations between (AI) exposure and academic

performance?

3. What are the advantage and disadvantage of using Artificial Intelligence on academic

performance?

Significance of the Study

The significance of this study lies in unravelling the influence of Artificial Intelligence

(AI) on academic performance on Marine Transportation students in Educational Systems

Technological Institute. This study is important because it sheds light on how artificial

intelligence (AI) affects student performance in a variety of learning environments. Education

tactics, curriculum development, and the incorporation of technology into teaching techniques

can all benefit from an understanding of how artificial intelligence affects learning results. The

results could influence how educational policies and practices are developed in the future and

help institutions better adjust to how AI is transforming the field of education. Furthermore,
RESEARCH PROPOSAL 9

knowledge gained from this study may help educators and legislators take use of AI's potential

advantages while resolving possible issues for kids.

Research design and methods

This chapter will discuss all of the methodologies included in the entire study. This will

include the place where the study will be conducted, the measures that will be taken during the

study, the study design, the instrument to be used in data collection, as well as the methods to

ensure the validity, and reliability of the instrument.

Research design

This study is a quantitative type of research and will use the descriptive research design

specifically employing the use of survey questionnaires. Based on Research Connections

(2022), descriptive research focuses on describing the characteristics of a population and

answering questions pertaining to a particular population or group. The answer to this research

design was attainable through quasi-experimental and randomized studies and also a variety of

data collection strategies will be used. The method will be applicable in the study because the

researchers will aim to collect and analyze data about the impact of artificial intelligence in

academic performance of Marine Transportation students.

Methods and Sources

Research Instrument

Survey questionnaires are the primary tool that researcher will use. To get the

appropriate data needed, the researchers will create questionnaires with various parts. An

inquiry about the respondents' profiles will be made in the first section. The other component

will be the tool to determine the impact of artificial intelligence on the academic performance

of the students of Educational Systems Technological Institute.

RESEARCH PROPOSAL 10

Data Gathering Procedure

The researchers will make a request letter to the Department Head in order to ask

permission for the data collection. A letter will also send to the respondents to inform them

about the study. In the data collection process, there is an orientation that will be done regarding

the procedures. The questionnaire’s validity will be approved by professionals. The chosen

students will receive the answer sheet to be completed. For an easy approach, the participants

will be selected using stratified sampling.

After gathering all the data, the researchers will tabulate and total the survey with the

help of statistical analysis. The outcome should serve as the foundation for Educational

Systems Technological Institute – Marine Department for the possible interventions regarding

impacts of artificial intelligence on the academic performance.

Sample and Population

This study will use a stratified sampling method that focuses solely on the population of

Educational Systems Technological Institute- first year Marine Transportation students. Since

the researchers are first year Marine Transportation students themselves, they are aware of the

challenges associated with the technological advancement, especially the artificial intelligence

application. With the help of this sampling technique, it allows the researchers to divide the

population into subgroups before selecting a sample from each of them. The study's target

population consists of Marine Transportation students

divided into six (6) sections.

Research Locale

The researchers will conduct the study in Educational System Technological Institute

specifically in the Marine Department building.

RESEARCH PROPOSAL 11

Data Analysis Procedure

The researchers will formulate the questionnaires according to the Statement of the

Problem (SOP). After this, the questionnaires will be distributed using a Google form link.

After the data collection, the researchers will organize the answers of the respondents in a

categorized manner. The researchers categorized and organized the answers with the use of a

table. After organizing, the researchers will analyse the data and will pattern it with the

questions of the SOP. The questions of the SOP will be answered using the answers from the

respondents.

Practical Considerations

Due to the possibility of human error, experimental research is highly subjective. Any

error, random or systematic, can reveal details about the other variables and compromise the

reliability of the study and experiment. Because variables are tightly controlled in experimental

research, unrealistic situations can be produced. As a result, the data may be skewed toward a

desired or favourable outcome, which can be detrimental for the researcher. Additionally,

positive results cannot be obtained outside of the context of experimental research because the

real-life environment is so dissimilar from the lab environment. Testing isolated variables as

part of experimental research is a labour-intensive process. If the product or idea never gets to

market, a significant number of resources are expended, and this expense might not be offset

by consumer sales. If the research is a theory, it may create a false sense of validity and alter

how other people conduct their own research.

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Implications and contributions to knowledge

Finish the proposal by emphasizing why your proposed project is important and what it will

contribute to practice or theory.

Practical Implications

Will your findings help improve a process, inform policy, or make a case for concrete

change?

Theoretical Implications

Will your work help strengthen a theory or model, challenge current assumptions, or create a

basis for further research?

RESEARCH PROPOSAL 13

References

Chatterjee, S., Rana, N., & Dwivedi, Y. (2020). Social media as a tool of knowledge shar-ing

in academia: An empirical study using valance, instrumentality and expectancy

(VIE) approach. Journal of Knowledge Management, 24(10), 2531–2552.

Copeland, B.J. 2023. Artificial Intelligence. Encyclopedia Britannica. URL: https://www.bri

tannica.com/technology/artificial-intelligence/Connectionism. Accessed: 22 April

2023.

Gulzhaina K.K et.al 2023. Ethical Problems of Digitalization and Artificial Intelligence in

Education: a Global Perspective. Institute of Metallurgy and Ore Beneficiation,

Satbayev University.

Idroes G.M et..al 2023. Student Perspectives on the Role of Artificial Intelligence in Education:

A Survey-Based Analysis. Journal of Educational Management and Learning. Vol

1. 8-9

Kayid A. 2020. The role of Artificial Intelligence in future technology. Department of

Computer Science, The German University in Cairo.

Lanqin Zheng, et.al 2023. The effectiveness of artificial intelligence on learning achievement and

learning perception: A meta-analysis, Interactive Learning

Environments, (31):9, 5650-5664

Nilsone, A.L 2023. The impact of artificial intelligence amongst higher education students.

Haaga-Helia University of Applied Sciences 10-12.

Pallathada, Harikumar et,al 2022. Investigating the impact of artificial intelligence in

education sector by predicting student performance. Materials Today (51) 2264-

2267.
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Tuomi, Ikka. 2018. The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Learning, Teaching and

Education. JRC Science for Policy Report p.17.

Rodzi, Zahari M.d 2024. Unraveling the Complexity: A DEMATEL Analysis of the Negative

Impact of Artifificial Intelligence (AI) Adoption among students in higher

education. Journal Of Internet of things (11) 30-41.

Yu-Yin Wang & Yi-Shun Wang 2022. Development and validation of an artificial intelligence

anxiety scale: an initial application in predicting motivated learning

behavior, Interactive Learning Environments, 30:4, 619-634.

Research schedule

Research phase Objectives Deadline

RESEARCH PROPOSAL 15