VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (2 Marks)

JRMATHS-IIAVERY SHORT ANSWERUCIRCLES

1) Find the centre and the radius of the circle 1  m 2  x 2  y 2   2cx  2mcy  0 . (J-10)
Sol. Given equation of the circle is
2cx 2 mc
s  x2  y2   y0
2
1 m 1  m2

 c mc 
Centre C    g,  f    ,  and
2 2
 1 m 1 m 

c2 m2c 2 c 2 1  m 2 
Radius r = g + f - c 
2 2   = c units
1  m2 1  m2 1 m2

2) Find the values of a, b if ax 2  bxy  3 y 2  5 x  2 y  3  0 represent a circle also

find the centre and radius of circle.
Sol. Given equation ax 2  bxy  3 y 2  5 x  2 y  3  0 represent a cirlce
If x 2 coefficient  y 2 coefficient a3
and xy coefficient = 0  b  0

The equation of circle is 3x 2  3 y 2  5 x  2 y  3  0

5 2
 x2  y2  x  y  1  0
3 3

 5 1
Centre C =  -g, -f    ,  
 6 3

25 1 25  4  36 65
Radius r = g2 + f 2 - c   1   Units
36 9 36 6

3) If the centre of the circle x2  y 2  ax  by  12  0 is (2,3) find the values of a,b and
the radius of the circle. (May-07,09, M-08)
Sol. Given equation of the circle is s  x 2  y 2  ax  by  12  0
 a b 
Centre C    g,  f    ,   2, 3 
 2 2 
  a, b    4, 6    a, b    4, 6 

 Radius r = g 2 + f 2 - c  4  9  12  5
4) Find the values of ( g,f ) if x 2  y 2  2 gx  2 fy  12  0 represents the circle with
center ( 2, 3 ) and also find radius .
Ans. Given that equation of the circle x 2  y 2  2 gx  2 fy  12  0 and center of the circle (2,3)
here c = -12
 center of the above circle ( -g,-f ) = ( 2,3 )
g = -2 f = -3
Radius r = g 2 + f 2 - c

 r  4  9  12  5

5) Find the other end of the diameter of the circle x 2  y 2  8 x  8 y  27  0 if one end of it
is ( 2, 3 ) ( March,2013 )
Ans: Given that equation of the circle x 2  y 2  8 x  8 y  27  0 and one end of the diameter
A ( 2, 3 )
center of the circle C ( 4,4 )
Let other end of the diameter B (  ,  )
 mid point of diamter of the circle is center of it

 The m id point of line joining points

  2  3 x1 + x 2 y 1 + y 2 

 2
,  = ( 4,4 )
2   x 1 , y 1  and  x 2 , y 2  is  , 
 2 2 

 2 8  38
  6  5
 other end of the diameter of the circle ,     6,5

6) If x 2  y 2  4 x  6 y  c  0 represents a circle with a radius 6 then find value of c. (M-09)

Sol. Radius r = g 2 + f 2 - c = 6  49c  6  13  c  6

 13-c=36 => c = 13 - 36  c = - 23

7) If the length of the tangent from (2,5) to the circle x2  y2  5x  4 y  k  0 is 37 then

find the value of K. (May-06)
Thelengthof tangentfrom P = (x1 ,y1 )tothecircle
Sol. Lengent of tangent is S11  37 S = x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy +c = 0 is S = x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy +c
11 1 1 1 1

2 2
 S11  37   2    5   5  2   4  5   k  37
 4  25  10  20  k  37 => 39+k = 37  k = 37- 39 = -2
8) Find the equation of the circle passing through (2,-1) and having the centre at (2,3)
(May-08)
Sol. Given that centre of circle (2,3) and point on the circle P(2,-1)
 Distance between twopoints
2 2
Radius of circle CP  2  2  31 = 4 x , y and x , y is 2 2
 1 1  2 2  x2 - x1  +  y 2 - y1 
2 2 2
 Equation of circle with centre (2,3) and radius r = 4 is  x - α  +  y - β  = r
2 2 2
  x  2    y  3   4
 x2  y 2  4 x  6 y  3  0

9) Find the equation of the circle passing through (3,4) and having the centre at (-3,4)
(Mar-12)
Sol. Given that centre of the circle c(-3,4) and point on the circle p(3,4)
2 2
radius of circle r  CP   3  3   4  4  =6
2 2 2
 Equation of circle S =  x - α  +  y - β  = r
2 2 2
  x  3   y  4    6 
 S  x 2  y 2  6 x  8 y  11  0

10) Find the equation of the circle whose centre is (-4, -3) and which passes through the origin.
(Mar - 2004, June - 2002,)
Sol: centre of the circle is c  ( 4, 3)
the circle passes through O (0, 0)
OC  r
 r  16  9  5
2 2
Equation of the circle is  x - α  +  y - β  = r 2
 (x  4)2  ( y  3)2  25
 x2  y 2  8x  6 y  0

11) Obtain the parametric equations of the circle x 2  y 2  6 x  4 y  12  0 . (Mar-06,10)

Sol. Given circle x 2  y 2  6 x  4 y  12  0
Centre of circle  h , k    3,  2  and radius of circle r  9  4  12  5

 parametric equations of circle are x = h + rcosθ, y = k + rsinθ

where (h,k)centre of circle r is the radius of the circle

 x  3  5cos y  2  5sin 
 2 2
12) Obtain the parametric equation of the circle a  x  3    y  4   8 2 . (Mar 2011)
2 2
Sol. Given circle  x  3    y  4   8 2
Centre of circle C(h,k) = (3,4) and radius r = 8
 parametric equations of circle are x = h + rcosθ, y = k + rsinθ
where (h,k)centre of circle r is the radius of the circle

 x  3  8cos  , y  4  8sin 
13) Find The equation of the circle whose extremities of a diameter are 1, 2  and  4,5  .

Sol. Let  x1 , y1   1, 2  and  x2 , y2    4,5 

The equation of a circle whose extremities of a diameter are  x1 , y1  and  x 2 , y2  is

 x  x1  x  x2    y  y1  y  y2   0
  x  1 x  4    y  2  y  5   0
i.e x 2  y 2  5 x  7 y  14  0
14) Find the polar of (1,2) with respect to the circle x 2  y 2  7
Sol. Equation of polar of P(1,2) w.r.t. S=0 is S1 =0
 S1 = xx1 + yy1 - r 2 = 0
=> x(1)+y(2) -7 = 0  x  2y  7  0
15) Find the pole of ax+by+c = 0 with respect to x 2  y 2  r 2
Sol. Given line L  ax  bx  c  0    (1)
Let P  x1 , y1  be a pole of the line w.r.t. S = 0

Equation of polar of s = x 2 + y 2 = r 2 at P  x1 , y1  is S1 = xx1 + yy1 - r 2 = 0..........(2)

 equations (1) and (2) represent same lines

x1 y1  r 2 ar 2 br 2  ar 2 br 2 

   x1  ; y1   
P  x1, y1   , 
a b c c c  c c 

16) Find the pole of 3x+4y-45 = 0 with respect to the circle x 2  y 2  6 x  8 y  5  0

Sol. Given line 3x+4y-45 = 0 --------(1)
Let P  x1 , y1  be pole of circle

Theequationof polarof P(x1 ,y1 )w.r.t. circle

 Equation of polar is S1 = 0 S = x2 +y2 +2gx+2fy +c = 0 is S = xx +yy +g(x+x )+f(y+y )+c = 0
1 1 1 1 1

 S1  xx1  yy1  3  x  x1   4  y  y1  5  0
( x1  3) x   y  4  y  3x1  4 y1  5  0  (2)
Equation (1) and (2) represents same line
 x1  3 y1  4  3 x1  4 y1  5 
    4 x  1 2  3 y 1  1 2 => 4 x1  3 y1  0    (3)
3 4 45
x1  3 3x1  4y  5
  15 x1  45  3x1  4 y1  5 12x1  4y1  40  0 3x1  y1  10  0    (4)
3 45
 solve the equation (3) and (4)
-3 0 4 -3
-1 -10 3 -1
x1 y 1 x y 1 30 40
   1  1   x1  ; y1   x1  6, y1  8
30  0 0  40 4  9 30 40 5 5 5
 pole of line p  x1 , y1    6,8 

17) Find the value of K if the points (4,k),(2,3) are conjugate with respect to x2  y2  17 (I-95)
Sol. Given A(4,k) B(2,3) are conjugate points

 Thepoints P(x1 , y1 )Q(x2 , y 2 )arecojugatepoints w.r.t. circle

 S 12  0 S = x2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 is S = x x + y y + g(x + x ) + f(y + y ) + c = 0
12 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2

=> 8+3k-17 = 0  3k = 9 => k = 3

18) Find the number of common tangents that cat be drawn to the circles
x 2  y 2  4, x 2  y 2  6 x  8 y  16  0 (I-93) (Mar -2004, June-2002)
Sol. centres and radii C1  0,0 C2  3,4 , r1  0  0  4  2 and r2  9 16 16  3
Distance between two centers CC
1 2
is CC
1 2  9 16  5

CC
1 2  r1  r2
,  No. of common tangents are 3

19) Find the value of ‘a’, if 2 x 2  ay 2  3 x  2 y  1  0 represents a circle and also find its radius.
(March - 2013)
Sol: Given equation 2 x 2  ay 2  3 x  2 y  1  0 represents a circle
 a  b, h  0
2a
equation of the circle is 2 x 2  2 y 2  3x  2 y  1  0
3 1
 x2  y2  x y 0
2 2
3 1 1
g , f  ,c 
4 2 2

9 1 1 9 48 21
Radius r = g 2 + f 2 - c     
16 4 2 16 4
20. State and necessary and suffiecent condition for lx  my  n  0 normal to the circle
x 2  y 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0
Ans: Given that equation of the circle x 2  y 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0
and given line lx  my  n  0
 center of the given circle c ( -g,-f)
If lx  my  n  0 normal to the circle is passess through ( -g,-f )
 -lg-mf+n = 0  lg+mf = n
Hence the proved
21. Show that A (3,-1) lies on the circle x 2  y 2  2 x  4 y  0 also find the other end of the
diameter through A.
Sol: given circle x 2  y 2  2 x  4 y  0 and given point (3,-1)

S11  9  1  6  4 S11 = x12 + y12 + 2gx1 + 2fy1 + c = 0

  3, 1 lies on circle
c  (1, 2) is midpoint of diameter other end is B  (h, k )
 1, 2  = mid point of (3,-1) and (h,k)

 The mid point of the line joining

3  h 1  k 
1, 2    ,   x1 + x 2 y 1 + y 2 
 2 2  P(x 1 , y 1 ), Q(x 2 , y 2 ) is  2 , 2 
 
3 h
 1  3  h  2  h  1
2
1  k
 2  1  k  4  k  3
2
 Other end = (-1,-3)
22. Find the value of k if the points (4,2) and (k,-3) are conjugate with respect to
circle x 2  y 2  5 x  8 y  6  0 .
Sol: Given circle x 2  y 2  5 x  8 y  6  0
5
here g  ;f 4
2
and given points  x1 , y1    4, 2  ,  x2 , y2    k , 3
 Thepoints P(x1 , y1 )Q(x 2 , y 2 )arecojugatepoints w.r.t.
2 2
Conjugate points condition S12  0 circleS = x + y + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 is
S12 = x1x2 + y1y 2 + g(x1 + x2 ) + f(y1 + y 2 ) + c = 0

5 5
 4k  6   4  k   4  2  3  6  0  4k  6  4  k  4  6  0
2 2
5 28
 4k  4  k   4  0  8k  20  5k  8  0  3k  28  k 
2 3
23. Find the chord of contact of (2,5) with respect to circle x 2  y 2  5 x  4 y  2  0 .
Sol: Given circle x 2  y 2  5 x  4 y  2  0
5
here g  ; f  2; c  2
2
given point  x1, y1    2,5
C h o r d o f co n ta ct o f a t P (x 1 , y 1 ) w ith res p ec t to cir cle S = 0 is S 1 = 0
5
2x  5 y   x  2  2  y  5  2  0 S1 = xx1 + yy1 + g  x + x1  + f  y + y1  + c = 0
2
x  14 y  6  0

24. Find the equation of the normal to the circle x 2  y 2  4 x  6 y  11  0 at (3,2) also find
the other point where the normal meets the circle.
Sol: Given circle x 2  y 2  4 x  6 y  11  0
Centre C    g,  f    2 , 3 
P   3, 2 
The normal at P passing through centre of the circle C

 The equation normal is CP
here  x1 , y1    2,3 ,  x2 , y2    3, 2  substitute in formula

y 3 x 2 y - y1 x - x1
  Equation of line joining two points  x1 , y1  and  x2 , y 2  is =
23 3 2 y 2 - y1 x2 - x1
 y  3  x  2  x  y 5  0
The centre of circle is the mid point of A and B
 a3 b2  x1 + x 2 y 1 + y 2 
 ,    2,3  m id p o in t of A  x 1 , y 1  , B  x 2 , y 2  is  2 , 2 
 2 2 
a3
2  a 1
2
b2
3 b  4
2
Hence the normal at (3,2) meets the circle at (1,4)

25. Obtain the parametric equation of the circle represented by x 2  y 2  4 .(Mar -2014)
Sol: Given x 2  y 2  4
here C h , k    0,0  and r  2
x = rcosθ and y = rsinθ
x  2 cos  and y  2 sin 
26. Find the equation of the circle which is concentric with x 2  y 2  6 x  4 y  12  0 and
passing through  2,14  . (Mar -2014)
Sol: Given x 2  y 2  6x  4y  12  0 and  2,14 
The equation of the circle which is concentric with x 2  y 2  6x  4y  12  0 is
x 2  y 2  6 x  4y  k  0 ---------(1)
The point  2,14  passing through Eq.(1)
2 2
 2   14   6  2   4 14   k  0
4  196  12  56  k  0
k  156
put k  156 in Eq.(1)
The required circle is x 2  y 2  6 x  4 y  156  0 .

SYSTEM OF CIRCLES
27. Find the angle between the circles x 2  y 2  12 x  6 y  41  0 and
x 2  y 2  4 x  6 y  59  0
Sol. Given circles are x 2  y 2  12 x  6 y  41  0
x 2  y 2  4 x  6 y  59  0
Here g  6, f  3, c  41, g1  2, f 1  3, c1  59

c+c1 -2gg1 -2ff 1

Let  be the angle between the circles S = 0 and S1 = 0 then cosθ = 2 2
2 g2 +f 2 -c g1 +f 1 -c1

41  59  2  6  2   2  3 3 41  59  24  18 24
  
2 36  9  41 4  9  59 2 4 72 2.2.6 2

1 
cos    
2 4
28. Find K if the pair of circles x 2  y 2  6 x  8 y  12  0 and
x 2  y 2  4 x  6 y  k  0 are orthogonal
Sol. Given circles are
x 2  y 2  6 x  8 y  12  0
x2  y2  4x  6 y  k  0
Here g  3, f  4, c  12, g 1  2, f 1  3, c1  k
Given circles are orthogonal 2gg 1 + 2ff 1 = c + c 1
 2  3 2   2  4  3  12  k
 12  24  12  k  k  24
 3
29. Show that the angle between the circles x2  y2  a2 and x 2  y 2  ax  ay is
4
(March-2014)
Sol. Given circles are x 2  y 2  a 2  0
x 2  y 2  ax  ay  0
2 1 a 1 a 1
Here g  0, f  0, c   a , g  ,f  ,c  0
2 2
c + c1 - 2gg 1 - 2ff 1
Let  be the angle between two circles cos = 2 2
2 g 2 + f 2 - c g 1 + f 1 - c1

 a   a 
a2  0  2  0    2  0   2
  2  2   a
a2 a2 a
2 0  0  a2  0 2.a.
4 4 2

1 3
cos    
2 4
30. Find the equation of the radical axis of the circles x 2  y 2  2 x  4 y  1  0 and
x2  y2  4x  y  0
Sol. Given circles are S  x 2  y 2  2 x  4 y  1  0

S  x 2  y 2  4 x  y  0
Equation of the radical axis is S - S 1 = 0
x 2  y 2  2 x  4 y  1  x2  y 2  4 x  y  0
 2 x  3 y  1  0  2x  3y 1  0
31. Find the equation of common chord of the circles x 2  y 2  4 x  4 y  3  0 and
x2  y2  5x  6 y  4  0
Sol. Given circles are S  x 2  y 2  4 x  4 y  3  0 and S  x 2  y 2  5 x  6 y  4  0
Equation of the common chord is S - S 1 = 0
x2  y2  4 x  4 y  3  x2  y 2  5x  6 y  4  0
 x  2 y 1  0
32. Find the equation of common tangent of the circles at their point of contact
x 2  y 2  10 x  2 y  22  0 and x 2  y 2  2 x  8 y  8  0 .
Sol. Given circles are S  x 2  y 2  10 x  2 y  22  0

S  x 2  y 2  2 x  8 y  8  0
Equation of the common tangent is S - S 1 = 0
 x 2  y 2  10 x  2 y  22  x 2  y 2  2 x  8 y  8  0
 8 x  6 y  14  0
 4x  3y  7  0
33. Show that the circles x 2  y 2  2 x  4 y  4  0 and x 2  y 2  3 x  4 y  1  0 are intersect
each other orthogonally.
Sol. Given circles are x 2  y 2  2 x  4 y  4  0 and x 2  y 2  3 x  4 y  1  0

1 3 1 1
Here g = -1, f = 2, c = 4, g  , f  2, c  1
2

1 1 3 Orthogonal condition for the circles x +y +2gx+2fy+c=0

2 2

Consider 2gg  2 ff  2  1    2  2 2 andx2 +y2 +2g'x+2f'y+c'=0 is 2gg'+2ff' =c+c'

2
 3  8  5
Also c  c  4  1  5
1

 2 gg 1  2 ff 1  c  c1
Hence the given two circles cuts orthogonally.

34. If the angle between the circles

x 2  y 2  12 x  6 y  41  0 and x 2  y 2  kx  6 y  59  0 is 450 then find k.
k
Sol : Here g  6, f  3, c  41, g '  , f '  3, c '  59
2
Given that   450
If θ is the angle between the circles x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 and
c + c1 - 2gg1 - 2ff 1
x 2 + y 2 + 2g'x + 2f'y + c' = 0 then cosθ = 2 2
2 g 2 + f 2 - c g1 + f 1 - c1
k
41  59  2(6)    2(3)(3)
cos 450  2
k2
2 36  9  41  9  59
4
1 6k  18  18 1 6k k2
     2.  68  3 2k
2 k2 2 k2 4
2 4  68 2.2.  68
4 4
S. O.B.S
 k2 
 4   68   18k 2
 4 
 k  272  18k 2  17k 2  272  k 2  16  k  4
2
 PARABOLA
35) Find the coordinates of the points on the parabola y 2  2 x whose focal
5
distance is . (M-07, 09,May-09)
2
1
Sol. Let p( x1 , y1 ) be any point on the parabola y2  2x  4a  2  a 
2
5
given focal distance =
2
5
 x1  a   focal distance of a point P  x1 , y1  on the parabola y 2 = 4ax is x1 + a
2
 x1  2

2 2
 y1  2 x1  y1  2(2)  y1   2

 Required points are (2, 2) and (2, 2)

1 
36) If  , 2  is one extremity of a focal chord of the parabola y 2  8 x . Find the
2 
coordinates of the other extremity. (May-06,10)
2
Sol: Given parabola is y  8 x  4a  8 a2
1 
given one end of focal chord x 1, y1    , 2 
2 
2
 Other end of the focal chord is ( x2 , y2 ) then x1x2 = a y1y 2 = -4a 2
1
x2  4 2y2 = –4 (4)
2
x2 = 8 y2 = –8

 Other extremity is (8, -8)

37. Show that the line 2x- y  2  0 is a tangent to the parabola y2 = 16x . Find the point of
contact also
Sol. Given line y = 2x+2
Here m = 2, c= 2
parabola y2 = 16x  a=4
a
condition for tangent c =
m
a 4
Here c = 2,  2
m 2
 a 2a   4 2  4 
Now point of contact  2 , = ,  = (1, 4)
m m  4 2 
38) Find the points on the parabola y 2  8 x ,whose focal distance is 10 units. (M-08,Mar-14)
Sol: let p( x1 , y1 ) be any point on the parabola y2  8x  a  2.
given focal distance =10

 x1  a  10  focal distanceof a point P  x1 , y1  on theparabola y = 4ax is x1 + a

2

 x1  2  10  x1  8
 y12  8 x1  y12  8(8)  y1  8
 Required points are (8,8)& (8,-8)

39. Find the vertex and focus of x 2  6 x  6 y  6  0

Sol. x2  6x  6 y  6
 x2  6x  9  6 y  3
 1
 (x  3)2  6 y   2
 x-h = 4a  y -k 
 2
 1 
vertex (h, k) =  3, 
 2 
3
a=
2
 1 3 
Focus (h, k+a) =  3,  
 2 2
S = (3, 1)
40. Find the axis and directrix of y 2  6 y  2 x  5  0
Sol : y2  6 y  2x  5
 y2  6 y  9  2x  4
2
 ( y  3)2  2(x  2)   y - k  = 4a  x - h 
Vertex (h, k) = (–2, –3)
1
a
2
axis y = k
y+3=0
directrix x = h– a
1
x = –2–
2
2x + 5 =0
41. Find equation of parabola. whose focus S(1, –7) vertex (1, –2)
Sol. vertex (h, k) = (1, –2).
focus (h, k+a) = (1, –7)
k + a = –7
–2 + a= –7
a = –5
2
Equation of parabola  x - h  = 4a(y - k)
2
 x  1  20( y  2)

42) Find the eq of parabola whose vertex is  3, 2  & focus is (3,1) (May-07)
Sol. Given vertex A=(3,-2) & focus S=(3,1)
 x-coordinates are same in A & S  axis of parabola is parallel to Y-axis
2
 Eq. of parabola is (x - α) = 4a(y - β)

 If the axis of the parabola is parallel to y axis, vertex is  h, k 

2
focus is  h, k + a  and Eq. of parabola is  x - h  = 4a  y - k 
x coordinates of A & S are equal  axis is parallel to y - axis

A   3 ,  2    ,   , S   3,1    ,   a

  a  1  2  a  1  a  3
 parabola eq. is ( x  3)2  12( y  2)

43. Find the value of k if the line 2y  5x  k is a tangent to the parabola y 2  6 x .

2 3
Sol. Given parabola is y  6 x  4a  6 a
2
5 k
Given tangent line 2 y  5 x  k  y  x
2 2
5 K
comparing the with y  mx  c then m  and c 
2 2

condition for y = m x + c
a
 c= m a
to touch y 2 = 4ax is c =
m

k 3/ 2
   k=6/5
2 5/2
44. Find the equation of normal to the parabola y 2  4 x which is parallel to y –2x + 5= 0
Sol. Slope of given line m = 2, a=1
Equation of normal in slope form is y = mx–2am–am3
 y = 2x–2(1)(2)–1(2)3  2x – y –12 = 0
45. Find the equation of the tangent to the parabola y2=16x inclined at an angle 600 with its
axis and also find the point of contact. (O-99, I-99, M-04)
Sol: Given parabola is y 2  16 x  a=4
slope of tangent (m)  tan   tan 60   3
a
 Equation of the tangent to the parabola is y = mx +
m
4
 y  3x   3 y  3x  4  3x  3 y  4  0
3

 a 2a   4 8 
 Point of contact p =  m 2 , m    3 , 
   3

HYPERBOLA
1 1
46) If e, e1 be the eccentricities of a hyperbola and its conjugate hyperbola then e 2  e 2  1 .
1

(Mar 2011)
x 2 y2 y 2 x2
Sol. Equation of the hyperbola is 2  2  1 and equation of conjugate hyperbola is 2  2  1
a b b a

a2 + b 2 a2 + b 2
e= ,e1 =
a2 b2

1 1 1 1
 2  2  2
2
e e1  a  b   b  a 2 
2 a2 b2 a 2  b2
       =1
 a
2
  b
2
 a 2  b 2 a 2  b2 a 2  b2

5
47) If the eccentricity of a hyperbola is , then find the eccentricity of its conjugate
4
hyperbola (J-05,March - 2013)
5
Sol. Given e =
4
1 1
If e and e1 the eccentricity of a hyperbola and its conjugate hyperbola, then + =1
 e2 e12

1 16 9 25 5
 e 2  1  25  25  e12 
 e1 
1 9 3
48) Find the equation to the hyperbola whose foci are (4, 2) and (8, 2) and eccentricity is 2.
(M-09)
Sol. Given foci are (4, 2) and (8, 2) Centre C is the mid point of the foci
 48 2 2
 Centre is  ,    6.2 
 2 2 
 SS| = 2ae  16  0  4  ae  2  2a  2  a 1
 
We know that b 2 = a 2 e 2 - 1  a 2 e 2  a 2  3

2 2

Eq. of hyperbola is
x - h - y - k  =1
a2 b2

 x  6  2   y  2 2 1

1 3
49) Find the equation of the hyperbola whose foci are  5, 0  and the transverse axis of
length 8
Sol: Given foci S  ±ae, 0    5, 0   ae  5 and
transverse axis length 2a  8  a= 4


We know that b 2 = a 2 e 2 - 1   b 2  a 2e2  a 2  b 2  25  16  b2  9

x2 y 2
Equation of the hyperbola is 2 - 2 = 1
a b
x2 y 2
   1  9 x 2  16 y 2  144
16 9
50) Find the eccentricity and length of latusrectum of the hyperbola x 2  4y 2  4 . (M-08)

x 2 y2
Sol. Equation of the hyperbola is  1
4 1
hrere a2=4 , b2 = 1

a2 + b2 4 1 5
Eccentricity e = 2
 
a 4 2

2b 2 2.1
Length of the latus rectum =  1
a 2
51) Find the length of the latus rectum of the hyperbola x 2  3y 2  144 . (M-07)

x 2 3y 2 x2 y2
Sol. Given  1   1
144 144 144 144
3

2 144
here a 2  144 ; b 
3
2 144 
2b 2 2 144 
Length of latus rectum = = 3 = 3 12  8
a 12  
52) Find the equations of the tangents to the hyperbola 3x2 – 4y2 = 12 which are parallel to the
line y = x - 7. (May-07,09)
x 2 y2
Sol. Equation of the hyperbola is 3x2 – 4y2 = 12   1
4 3
here a 2  4, b 2  3
The tangent is parallel to y = x – 7  m = slope of the tangent = 1
Equation of the tangents are y = mx ± a2m2 -b2

 y  x  43  y=x1
53) If 3x-4y+k=0 is a tangent to x 2  4y 2  5 find the value of ‘k’
Sol. Given x 2  4y 2  5

x 2 y2
  1
5 5
4
5
here a 2  5 , b2 
4
3 k 3 k
3x  4y  k  0  4y  3x  k  y x m , c
4 4 4 4
The tangent condition is c 2 = a 2m 2 - b 2
k2 9 5 k 2 45 5 k 2 45  20
 5         k 2  25  k  5
16  16  4 16 16 4 16 16
54) If the angle between the asymptotes is 300, then find its eccentricity
Sol. Given  = 300
-1
Angle between asymptotes is θ = 2sec  e 
0 1 0 1
 30  2sec  e   15  sec  e   e  sec 15 

2 2 2 2 3 1
e e   e 6 2
3 1 3 1 3 1

55) Find the equation of the normal at  = to the hyperbola 3x 2  4y 2  12
3
x 2 y2
Sol. Equation of the hyperbola is 3x 2  4y 2  12   1
4 3
here a 2 = 4, b 2 = 3

ax by
Equation of the normal at  is + = a2 + b2
secθ tanθ
2x 3y
 0
 43   x y 7
sec 60 tan 600
56) Define rectangular hyperbola and find its eccentricity.
Sol. Def : If the length of transverse axis is equal to the length of conjugate axis in a
hyperbola then it is called a rectangular hyperbola. i.e. 2a = 2b  a=b
a 2  b2 2a 2
Eccentricity e    2
a2 a2

INDEFINITE INTEGRALS
3
 1
57) Evaluate:   x   dx, x  0 (Mar-12)
 x
3
 1
Sol: Given   x   dx
 x

 3 1
   x 3  3 x   3  dx 3
 a +b = a3 + 3a2b + 3ab2 +b3
 x x 
1 1
  x 3 dx  3 xdx  3 dx   3 dx
x x

x 4 3x 2 1 xn+1 1
   3log x  2  c  xndx = +c  dx = log x +c
4 2 2x n+1 x
2

58) Evaluate
a x
 bx 
dx
 a xb x
2

Sol: Given 
a x
 bx 
dx
a xb x

a 2 x  b 2 x  2a x .b x  ax bx    a x  b x  2
 x x
dx    x  x
 2  dx          2  dx  a-b =a2 +b2 -2ab
a .b b a   b   a  
x x ax
a b axdx= +c
    loga
 b a
     2x  c
log a log b
b a

59) Evaluate  1  cos 2xdx (May-06, M-09)

Sol: Given  1  cos 2xdx

=  2 sin 2 x dx  2  sin x dx   2 cos x  c   sinxdx = -cosx + c 1 - cos2x = 2sin 2 x

60) Evaluate  sec2 x cos ec 2 xdx (M-07, May-07,09)

Sol: Given  sec2 x cos ec 2 xdx

1
 dx
sin x.cos2 x
2

sin 2 x  cos 2 x
 dx 1 = sin2x +cos2x
sin 2 x.cos 2 x
 1 1 
  2
 2  dx
 cos x sin x 

   sec 2 x  cos ec 2 x  dx  tan x  cot x  c   sec xdx = tanx + c

2 2
 cosec xdx = -cotx + c
 1 2 
61) Evaluate   2
 dx on (1,1) (May-11)
 1 x 1  x2 

 1 2 
Sol: Given   2
  dx
 1 x 1  x2 

1 2 1 1
=  dx   dx  dx = sin-1x + c  dx = sinh -1 x + c
2 2 2 2
1 x 1 x 1- x 1+ x

 sin 1 x  2sinh 1 x  C
x
62)  e  tan x  log sec x  dx (May-07, M-08)
x
Sol: Given  e  tan x  log sec x  dx

d 1 d
f  x   log  sec x  , f 1  x   tan x   logx  = ,  secx  = secxtanx
dx x dx

e x log  sec x   c   e x (f(x) + f'(x) )dx = e x f(x) + c

 e 1  tan x  tan x dx

x 2
63) (M-06)

Given  e 1  tan x  tan x dx

x 2
Sol:

 e  sec x  tan x  dx
x 2
1+ tan2x = sec2x

d
f  x   tan x, f |  x   sec 2 x  tanx  = sec 2 x
dx

 e x tan x  c   e x (f(x) + f'(x) )dx = e x f(x) + c

 x  1  x log x 
64) e 
 x
 dx

(May-08, Mar-13)

x  1  x log x 
Sol. Given  e   dx
 x 
1 
  e x   log x  dx
x 

1 d 1
f  x   log x, f |  x     logx =
x dx x

 e x log x  c   e x (f(x) + f'(x) )dx = e x f(x) + c

e x 1  x 
65) Evaluate:  2  x 2
dx (May-09)

e x 1  x 
Sol: Given  2
dx
2  x

x 2  x 1
 x
 1 1 
e
=    dx e    dx
 2  x 
2
 =   2  x  2  x 2 
   

1 1 d  1  -1
f  x   f |  x  2   =
2 x 2  x dx  x  x2

1
 ex c   e x (f(x) + f'(x) )dx = e x f(x) + c
2 x
xe x
66) Evaluate:  dx
( x  1) 2

xe x
Sol. Given  dx
( x  1) 2

 x 11 x  1 1  x
  2
e dx     2
e dx .
 (x 1)   x  1 ( x  1) 

1 1 d  1  -1
f  x   f |  x  2  =
1 x 1 x dx  x  x2
ex
 c   e x (f(x) + f'(x) )dx = e x f(x) + c
x 1
 1
67) Evaluate:   x  1 x  2  dx (May-11,Mar-12,Mar-14)

1
Sol. Given   x  1 x  2  dx

 1 1 
     dx
  x  1  x  2  

x 1 1 m
 log x  1  log x  2  c  log c  dx = log x +c logm- logn = log
x2 x n
dx
68) Evaluate   x  3 x  2 (May-12, Mar-14)
dx
Sol. Given   x  3 x  2
dx
 dx
 x  2  1  x  2 
Put x  2  t 2  t  x  2
dx  2tdt
x  3  t2 1
2tdt dt
 2  2 2
 t  1 t  t  1
1
 2 tan 1 t  C  2
dx = tan-1x +c
1+ x
 2 tan 1 x  2  C

 1
 1   x  x 
69) Evaluate  1  2 e dx
 x 
 1
 1   x  x 
Sol: Given  1  2  e dx
 x 
1  1 
Put x   t  1  2  dx  dt
x  x 

t  1
= e dt  et  c
  x 
 x  exdx = ex +c
e c
 e x (1  x)
70) Evaluate  2 x
dx on I  R \  x  R : cos( xe x )  0 (Mar-10,June-10)
cos ( xe )

e x 1  x 
Sol: Given  cos  xe  dx 2 x

d x d
Put xe x  t  ex (1 x)dx  dt  uv =uv1 +vu1 
1

dx
 e  = ex ,  x = 1
dx
dt 2 2
 x
2 =  sec t dt  tan t  c  tan( xe )  c  sec xdx = tanx + c
cos t
x8
71) Evaluate  1  x18 dx (M-09)

x8
x8  dx
Sol. Given  dx  9 2
1 x 18 1   
x

dt d
Put x9  t 9x8 dx  dt x8 dx    xn  =nxn-1
9 dx

x8
 2
dx
1   x9 

1 dt 1 1 1
  2
 tan 1 t  c  tan 1 ( x9 )  C .  2
dx = tan-1x +c
9 1 t 9 9 1+ x

2 x3
72) Evaluate  1  x8 .dx (May-08)

2 x3
2 x3 .dx
Sol: Given  .dx =  4 2
1 x 8 1   
x

dt d
4 3 3
Put x  t  4 x dx  dt  2 x dx    xn  =nxn-1
2 dx

dt 1 1
 2(1  t 2
 tan 1 ( x 4 )  c  dx = tan-1x +c
) 2 1+ x2
x 2 dx
73) Evaluate  1  x6
(J-05)

x 2 dx x2
Sol: Given  1  x6

3 2
dx
1  x 
 d n
Put t  x 3  dt  3x 2 dx  x = nxn-1
dx

1 dt 1 1
   sin 1 t  c  dx = sin-1x + c
2
3 1 t2 3 1- x

1
 sin 1  x 3   c
3

sin 4 x
74) Evaluate:  dx
cos6 x

sin 4 x sin 4 x
Sol: Given 
cos6 x
dx   cos 4 x cos 2 x dx
  tan 4 x sec 2 xdx

d
( Put tan x  t  sec2 xdx  dt )  tanx = sec2x
dx

t5 1 5 xn+1
  t 4 dt   c   tan x   c  xndx = +c
5 5 n+1
cot  log x 
75) Evaluate  dx (M-05)
x
cot  log x 
Sol. Given  dx
x

dx d 1
Put t  log x  dt    logx =
x dx x

  cot t dt  log sin t  C

 log sin  log x   C   cotxdx = log sinx + c

cos x
76) Evaluate  dx
x

cos x
Sol. Given  dx
x

1 1 d 1
Put x  t 2 x dx  dt 
x
dx  2dt 
dx
 
x =
2 x

  2.cos t. dt  2sin t  c  2 sin  xc   cosxdx = sinx + c

77) Evaluate  sec x log  sec x  tan x  dx

Sol. Given  sec x log  sec x  tan x  dx

Put t  log  sec x  tan x 

dt 
 sec x.tan x  sec x  dx  sec xdx d  logx = 1
2
d d
 secx = secxtanx  tanx = sec2x

 sec x  tan x  dx x dx dx
2
2
 log  sec x  tan x    C x2
=  tdt  t  C   xdx = +c
2 2 2
1
78) Evaluate  x log x log  log x   dx (Mar 2011)
 
1
Sol: Given  x log x log  log x   dx
 
Put log(log x)  t

1 1 d 1
  dx  dt   logx =
log x x dx x

1 1
=  dt  log t  c  dx = log x +c
t x
 log log (log x)  c
1
79) e x
dx
1
1
Sol. Given e x
dx
1

ex 1 ex ex ex 1 f 1  x
dx =  dx = log f  x  + c
 x
e 1  e x  1  e x  1 dx
dx  f  x

log e x  1  x  C 1dx = x+c

(OR)
log e x  1  log e x  C x = logex

ex 1 m
log x  C  logm - logn = log  
e n
 1  cos 2 x
80) Evaluate  dx (Mar-13)
1  cos 2 x
1  cos 2 x
Sol. Given  dx
1  cos 2 x
1  cos 2 x
 dx 1- cos2x = 2sin 2 x
2sin 2 x
1 cos 2 x
  cos ec 2 xdx   dx
2 2 sin 2 x
1 1
  cos ec 2 xdx   cot 2 xdx  cot 2 x = cosec2 x -1
2 2
cot x 1
    cos ec 2 x  1 dx   cosec 2 xdx = -cotx + c
2 2
cot x cot x x
   c 1dx = x+c
2 2 2
x
  cot x   c
2
81) Evaluate  log x dx (June-10)

Sol. Given  log x dx

  log x .1 dx

here f  log x , g  1   fg = f  g -  f 1  g I L ATE

1 d 1
 log x  1 dx   (  1 dx ) dx (Using Byparts)   logx =
x dx x
1
= x.log x   .x dx 1dx = x+c
x
 x log x   1dx  x log x  x  c

1
82) Evaluate  x tan x.dx (M-05)
1
Sol: Given  x tan x.dx

here f  tan1 x , g  x   fg = f  g -  f 1  g IL ATE

x2 1 2 1
 x tan x.dx   tan x 
1 1
 x . dx
2 2  1 x2
(Using Byparts)
 x 2  tan 1 x  1  1 
   1   dx x2
2 2  1 x2   xdx = +c
2
x 2  tan 1 x  1 1
   x  tan 1 x   C  dx = tan-1x +c
2 2 1+ x2

x 2  tan 1 x  x tan 1 x
   C
2 2 2


x 2
 1
tan 1 x 
x
C
2 2

1
83) Evaluate  sin x dx (J-05)
1
Sol. Given  sin x dx

here f  sin 1 x , g  1   fg = f  g -  f 1  g IL ATE

1

= sin 1 x. 1dx   sin 1 x   1dx  dx 
1 1
= x sin x   xdx (Using Byparts)
1  x2

1 2 x d 2 d 1
1
= x sin x   dx   x  = 2x sin -1 x =
2 1  x2 dx dx 1 - x2

f | x
1 1 2
= x.sin x  2 1  x  C
 dx = 2 f  x  + c
2 f  x

 x sin 1 x  1  x 2  c

dx
84) Evaluate  x 2  2x  10
(May-06)

dx
Sol. Given  2
x  2x  10

1 dx  x 1 dx x
 dx   2 2sinh1   c  = sinh -1  
2
x  2x 1 9  x 1  3  3 
2
a +x 2
a
 sin 2 x
85) Evaluate:  a cos 2
dx
x  b sin 2 x
sin 2 x
Sol. Given  a cos 2
dx
x  b sin 2 x
Put a cos 2 x  b sin 2 x  t
  2a cos x sin x  2b sin x cos x  dx  dt  sin2x = 2sinxcosx
   a sin 2 x  b sin 2 x  dx  dt
dt
 sin 2x  b  a  dx  dt  sin 2 x dx 
ba

1 dt 1 1
 I  b  a  t  b  a log t  c  dx = log x +c
x
1
 log a cos 2 x  b sin 2 x  c
ba

 1  sin x 
86. Evaluate  ex   dx
 1  cos x 
x  1  sin x  d x 1 2 x
Sol: Given  e   dx   cot  = - cosec
 1  cos x  dx  2 2 2
 x x
1  2sin cos 
  ex  2 2 dx x x x
2 x
 1- cosx = 2sin2 sinx = 2sin cos
 2sin  2 2 2
 2 
1 x x
  ex  cosec2  cot  dx
2 2 2

x
 e x cot c   e x  f  x  + f ½  x   dx = e x f  x  + c
2

cos x
87. Evaluate  2
dx (M-07)
sin x  4sin x  5
cos x
Sol: Given  2 dx
sin x  4sin x  5
d
Put sin x  t  cos xdx  dt   sinx = cosx
dx
dt dt
 2
 2
t  4t  5 t  2  1
1
= tan 1  t  2   C  tan 1  sin x  2   C  2
dx = tan-1x+C
x +1
 dx
88. Evalute   x  5   x  4 

dx dx
 dx
Sol: Given   x  5   x  4   x  4  1  x  4 
d 2
Let x  4  t 2  dx  2tdt 
dx
 x  = 2x
x  5  x  4 1  t2 1
1 1
 2 2tdt  2 1 dt  dx = tan-1x+C
 t  1 t  t 2  1  2 tan 1 t  C 1+ x2

 2 tan 1  
x4 C

 4 4 
89. Evaluate  16  25 x 2 dx on  , 
 5 5
Sol: Given  16  25 x 2 dx

 16 
 25  x2 dx
 25 
2
4 2
5    x dx
5
2
  4 
 2   
x 4 5 x 
5     x2    sin1 C  2 2
a - x dx =
x 2 2 a2 x
a - x + sin -1   + C
2  5  2  4  2 2
   a
  5 
x 5 16  5x 
16  25 x 2  . sin 1    C
2 2 25  4 
x 8  5x 
16  25 x 2  sin 1    C
2 5  4 

DEFINITE INTEGRATION
 /2
sin 5 x
90) Find the value of  dx (M-08, May-09,March-2014)
0
sin 5 x  cos5 x
 /2
sin 5 x
Sol. Let I=  dx
0
sin 5 x  cos5 x ---------(1)

 
 /2 sin 5   x 
2  dx
a a

 I=  5    5    f  x  dx =  f  a - x  dx  π
s in 
 2

- x  = co sx

π 
cos  - x  = sinx
2 
0 sin   x   cos   x  0 0

2  2 
  /2
cos5  x 
=  dx
0
cos5  x   sin 5  x  -----------(2)
 /2
cos 5 x  sin 5 x
adding (1) and (2)  2 I   sin 5 x  cos5 x
dx
0

 /2
  1d x   x 0 / 2 1dx=x+c
0

2I   / 2  I  /4

4
91) (i) Find  2  x dx (J-05)
0

Sol.  2  x dx
0

since 0  x  2 2 x  2 x

2  x  4  2  x   2  x  x  2
4 2 4
  2  x dx   2  x dx   2  x dx
0 0 2

2 4 2 4
 x2   x2  xn+1
   2  x  dx    x  2  dx   2x      2x  xndx= +c
0 2  2 0  2 2 n+1

 4 4 
  4    8  8    4   2  0  2  4
 2 2 
2
(ii) Find the value of  1  x dx, x  1 (Mar-09, May-11)
0

2
2
Sol. Given  1- x dx =   x  1  dx
0 1

1  x  2  1  x   1  x   x  1
2
x2  xn+1
xndx=
n+1 
  x +c 1dx=x+c
 2 1

4  11 
=   2     1 =
2 2    2
 
2
92) Evaluate   sin x dx

2


2
Sol. Given  sin x dx
2

f   x   sin  x  sin x  f  x 
π
 π
 2 2
2
  sin x dx  2  2 sin x dx
   f  x  dx = 2 f  x  dx, if f  -x  = f  x   even 
2 0 -π 0
2

 2   cos x 0
 /2  sinxdx =-cosx+c

 2  0  1  2

3 2x
93) Evaluate  dx (May-06, Mar-12)
2 1  x2
3
2x 3 f | x
 dx = log f  x  + c
Sol. 2 1  x 2 dx  log 1  x2  2 f x

a
  log10  log 5  log 2  log   = loga - logb
b

 x2 
1
94. Evaluate 0  1  x 2  (Mar-11, May-07,10)

 x2 
1
Sol. 0  1  x 2 
adding and subtracting ‘1’
1
 x2  1 1 
1  x2 1 1  1 1 dx
  dx = 2
  dx   dx  
0
 1 x 
2
0
1 x 1 x2  0 0 x2  1

1
1
  x 0   tan 1 x 
1
1dx=x+c  1+x dx = Tan x+c
2
-1

π
 1  tan 1 1  1   / 4 tan-1 1 =
4
 2
95. Find  4  x2 dx (M-07)
0

2 2

Sol.  4  x dx   22  x 2 dx
2

0 0

2
x 4 
 4  x 2  sin 1  x / 2  
2 2 0

2  2  x 2 2 a2 -1 x
  4  4  2sin 1     0  2sin 1  0     a2 - x2 dx = a - x + sin +c
2  2  2 2 a

 2 sin 1 1  2  / 2   

96. Evaluate  2  2 cos  .d (M-05)
0

Sol. I   2 1  cos d

0


I   2 1  cos d
0

 
I 2. 2 cos 2 .d 
0 2

θ
1+cosθ = 2cos2
2

θ
sin
θ 2 +c
 4 sin  / 20

  cos   dθ =
 2 1
2

π
 4  sin  / 2  sin 0   4 sin =1 sin0 = 0
2
 /2
4
97. Evaluate  sin x cos5 xdx (Mar-10)
0

 /2
4
Sol. Given  sin x cos5 xdx
0

Here m=4, n=5 (odd)

π
2
5 1 5  3 1 n-1 n-3 1
 . .  sinmxcosnxdx = .... ; if m is even , n is odd
4  5 4  5  2 4 1 0
m+n m+n-2 m+1

4 2 1 8
 . . =
9 7 5 315
 
2
98. Evaluate 
2
  sin x cos 4 xdx (Mar - 2013,May-09)
2

Sol. Let f  x   sin 2 x cos 4 x ; f  x  is even function

a a

 I  2 2 sin x cos xdx 2 4   f  x  dx = 2  f  x  dx
0 -a 0

Here m=2, n=4 (even)

π
2
1 3 1  n -1 n - 3 1 m -1 m - 3 1π
 2. . . .   sinm xcosn xdx = .... .....
6 4 2 2 0
m+n m+n-2 m+2 m m-2 22



16

k
2k  4k  6k  .....   2n 
99. Evaluate Lim by method of finding definite integral as limit
n  n k 1
of a sum.
k k
2k  4k  6k  .....   2n  1 n i
Sol. Lim  Lim  2k  
n  n k 1 n  n i 1 n
1
1 1 n i
  2k x k dx  lim  f   =  f  x  dx
n n
0 i=1  n  0

k 1 1
k  x  xn+1
2   xndx= +c
 k  10 n+1

2k

k 1

2 sin 2 x  cos 2 x
100. Evaluate:  3 3
dx (Text Book Model paper)
0 sin x  cos x

2 sin2 x  cos2 x
Sol. Let I   3 3
dx --------(1)
0 sin x  cos x

   
sin 2   x   cos 2   x 
I
2
2  2  dx a a
π 
  f  x  dx =  f  a - x  dx  π  cos  - x  = sinx
  s in  - x  = co sx
0     2 
sin 3   x   cos 3   x  0 0  2 
 2   2 

2 co s 2 x  sin 2 x
I   d x ------------(2)
0 co s 3 x  sin 3 x
Adding (1) and (2)
 
2sin 2 x  cos 2 x  cos 2 x  sin 2 x
2I   dx
0 sin 3 x  cos3 x
2I  0  I  0

101. Find the ar ea bounded by y  x 3  3 , X- axis, x = -1 and x =2. (M-05,08,12, Jun-10)

Sol. Given y  x 3  3 , x  1 and x  2

2
2
 x4  xn+1
The required area =   x  3 dx    3 x 
3
xndx= +c
1 4  1 n+1

 16  1  40 11 51
   6     3 =    sq.units
 4  4  4 4 4

102. Find the area bounded by the parabola y  x 2 , the x-axis and the lines x  1 ,x=2 (M-09)

Sol. Given y  x 2 , x  1 and x=2

2
2
 x3  xn+1
The required area =  x dx    x dx= n+1+c
2 n

1  3  1
8 1 9
    3 sq.units
3 3 3

103) Find the area of the region enclosed by the given curves x  4  y 2 , x  0 (Mar-10,11)

Sol. Given 4  y 2  0 , x =0
 y  2
2

  4  y  dy
2
Required area =
2

2 2
 y3  xn+1
2
=   4  y2
 dy 2
=  4 y 
3  0
x dx=
n

n+1
+c
0 

 8  32
 28   0 = sq.units
 3  3
104) Find the area under the curve f ( x)  sin x in [0, 2 ] (May-09)
Sol. Given f ( x)  sin x in [0, 2 ]
2

The required area =  f  x  dx

0

 2
  sin xdx     sin x  dx   sinxdx = -cosx + c
0

 2
   cos x 0   cos x 

 1  1  1  1  4 sq.units
105. Find the area bounded by the curve y 2  1  2 x and x  0
Sol. Given y 2  1  2 x and x  0

1
Required area     x  dy  
1

y 2
 1
dy
1 1 2
1
    y 2  1 dy
0
1 1
   y 2 dy   1 dy
0 0

1
 y3  1 xn+1
      y 0 xndx=
n+1 
+c 1dx=x+c
 3 0
1 2
 1   sq.units
3 3
  /2
5
106. Evaluate  tan x.cos8 x dx
0
 /2

Sol. Let I   tan 5 x . cos 8 x dx

0

2
sin 5 x Tanx =
sinx
 5
cos8 xdx
0
cos x cosx

2
  sin 5 x cos3 xdx
0

Here m=5, n=3 (odd)

π
2
3 1 1 n-1 n- 3 2 1
 .   sinmxcosnxdx = .... ; if 1 ¹ n is odd
5  3 5 1 0
m+n m+n- 2 m+ 3 m+1
2 1 1
 . 
8 6 24
 /2
5
107. Evaluate  sin x cos 4 x dx
0
 /2
5 4
Sol. Let I   sin xcos xdx
0

Here m=5, n=4 (even)

π
2
n -1 n - 3 1 m -1 m - 3 2
  sin m xcosn xdx = .... ........ ; if m is odd , n is even
0
m+n m+n-2 m+ 2 m m-2 3

4 1 4  3 5 1 5  3 3 1 4 2 8
  . . . 
5 4 5 4  2 5 5 2 9 7 5 3 315

 /2
6
108. Evaluate  sin x cos 4 x dx
0
 /2
6 4
Sol. Let I   sin xcos xdx
0
Here m=6, n=4 (even)
π
2
n -1 n- 3 1 m-1 m- 3 1 π
  sinmxcosn xdx = .... ..... ; if miseven, niseven
0
m+n m+n - 2 m+ 2 m m- 2 2 2
4 1 4  3 6 1 6  3 6  5  3 1 5 3 1  3
 . . . . .  . . . . . 
6  4 6  4  2 6 6  2 6  4 2 10 8 62 4 2 2 512
 n
i
109. Evaluate nLt

 i 1 n  i2
2

n
i
Sol. Given nLt

 i 1 n  i2
2

n
i
i n
1
 Lt
n 
  i2 
 Lt  n 
n
2
i 1 2
n 1  2 
n 
i 1  i  
 1    
 n   n 

1 1
x 1 n i
 dx  lim  f   =  f  x  dx
0
1  x2 n n
i=1  n  0

multiply and divisible by 2

1 2x
1
1 1 f |  x
  dx  log 1  x 2   dx = log f  x +c
2 0 1  x2 2 0 f  x
1 1
  log 1  12  log 1  0   log 2
2   2
a

110. Evaluate  a 2  x 2 dx
0

Sol. Given  a 2  x 2 dx
0

put x  a sin 
dx  a cos  d

L.L : x  0    0 , U .L : x  a   
2
 
2 2
  a 2  a 2 sin 2  .a cos  d   a 2 1  sin 2   .a cos  d 1- sin 2θ = cos2θ
0 0

 
2 2
  a. cos 2  .a cos  d  a 2  cos 2  d
0 0

Here n=2 (even)

π
2
2 1  n -1 n - 3 1 π
 a2   cos n xdx = .... ; n is even
2 2 0
n n-2 2 2

 a2

4
 2
2
111. Evaluate  sin x cos 4 xdx (MAR-2014)
0
2
2 4
Sol. Let I   sin xcos xdx
0
 2a a
 2  sin 2 x cos 4 xdx   f  x  dx = 2  f  x  dx; if f  2a - x  = f  x 
0 0 0

 
2 2
 2  2  sin 2 x cos 4 xdx  4  sin 2 x cos 4 xdx
0 0
Here m=2, n=4 (even)
π
2
n -1 n - 3 1 m-1 m- 3 1 π
  sinm xcosn xdx = .... ..... ; if miseven, niseven
0
m+n m+n- 2 m+ 2 m m- 2 2 2

4 1 4  3 2 1  3 1 1  
 4. . . .  4. . . . 
24 242 2 2 6 4 2 2 8
DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
6
 d 2 y  dy 3  5
112) Find the order and degree of  2      6 y (Mar-09,13, May-11)
 dx  dx  
Sol. Making the given differential equation to be free from radicals and fractions
1 3
 d 2 y   dy  5

 2     6
  6 y
 dx   dx 
 Order = 2, Degree = 1
5
2
d y   dy   3 2

113) Find the order and degree of  1     (Mar-10)

dx 2   dx  
Sol. Making the given differential equation to be free from radicals and fractions.
3.5 5
3 3
2
 d 2 y    dy   3  d2y    dy  2 

 2    1    2   1    
 dx    dx    dx    dx  
Order = 2 ; Degree = 3
1
1 4
 1
2 
  dy  2  d y  3

114) Find the order and degree of     2    0
dx
   dx  
 

2 3 2
 dy   d y 
Sol. 
The equation can be written as    2 
 dx   dx 
order = 2, degree = 2 .
 d 2 y 2dy  dy 
115) Find the order and degree of 2
  y  log  
dx dx  dx 
 dy 
Sol.  log  dx  cannot be expressed as a polynomial
 
Order = 2, and Degree is undefined.
1
1
 d 2 y 3
2
dy
116) x  2  x  y0
 dx  dx
1
1
 d 2 y 3
2  dy 
Sol. The given equation is x  2     x  y 
 dx   dx 
3 3
 d2y 
2  dy 
cubing on both sides x  2    x  y
 dx   dx 
order = 2, degree = 1.
2 2
 d3y   dy  x
117. Find the order and degree of  3   3    e  4 (March-2014)
 dx   dx 
2 2
 d3y   dy  x
Sol. Given equation is  3   3    e  4
 dx   dx 
Order =3
Degree = 2
118) Form the differenital equation corresponding to y  cx  2c 2 , where c is a parameter..
(M-09)
Sol. Given equation y  cx  2c 2 ......................(1)
differentiating on both sides with respect to ‘x’
dy
 c ......................................................(2)
dx
2
dy  dy 
substituiting the value ‘c’from (2) in (1) we get , y x  2  .
dx  dx 
119) Form the differenital equation corresponding to y  A cos 3 x  B sin 3 x .
Sol. y  A cos 3 x  B sin 3 x ......................(1)
differentiating on both sides with respect to ‘x’
dy
 A   sin 3x  .3  B cos  3x  3
dx
 3 A sin 3x  3B cos 3x.....................  2 
differentiating on both sides with respect to ‘x’
 d2y
 9 A cos 3x  9 B sin 3x  9  A cos 3x  B sin 3x   9 y  from 1 
dx 2
d2 y
  9y  0 .
dx2
120) Form the differential equation of the family of circles passing through origin and
having centres on y- axis.
Sol. Equation of the family of circles passing through origin and having centres on y- axis is
x 2  y 2  2hy  0 ...............(1)
differentiating on both sides w.r.t. ‘x’
dy dy dy dy d n
2 x  2 y.
dx
 2h.  0
dx
 x  y.
dx
 h.
dx
0 
dx
 x  = nxn-1

 dy 
  x    y  dx 
 
dy   h -------(2) eliminating ‘h’ from (1) & (2)
 
 dx 

 dy 
  x    y 
 x2  y 2  2  dx  y  0
dy 
 
 dx 

dy dy dy
 x2  y2  2 xy  2 y 2 0
dx dx dx
dy
x 2
 y2 
dx
 2 xy  0 .

121) Form the differential equation of the family of circles with their centres at the
origin and also find its order. (Mar 2011)
Sol. The equation of family of circles with their centres at the origin is x 2  y 2  r 2 , r is a arbitrary
constant.
dy d n
 2x  2 y
dx
0 
dx
 x  = nxn-1

dy
 x y 0
dx
Order of the differential equation = number of arbitrary constants = 1.
 dy
122) Find the I.F. of the differential equation x  y  2 x 2 sec 2 2 x
dx
dy
Sol. Given that x  y  2 x 2 sec 2 2 x
dx
dy y 2x2 2
   sec 2x
dx x x
dy 1
  y  2x.sec2 2x
dx x
1
P & Q  2 x sec 2 2 x
x

1 1
  Pdx    dx   log x  dx = log x +c
x x

log x 1
I .F .  e   e 
Pdx
x

Find the I.F. of the differential equation 1  y  .dx  Tan y  x  .dy

2 1
123)

dx tan 1 y  x dx x tan 1 y
Sol.    
dy 1  y2 dy 1  y 2 1  y 2

1 tan 1 y
P= ; Q
1 y2 1 y2

1 1
 pdy   1  y 2
dy  tan 1 y  2
dx = Tan-1x+c
1+x

I .F  e 
pdy 1
 e tan y .

***