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ch11 TE

The document describes the components and functioning of a computer system's central processing unit (CPU). It includes diagrams of the CPU and its components like the control unit, arithmetic logic unit (ALU), registers, and data paths. It also provides examples of instructions and their encoding in memory. The document aims to explain how a CPU executes programs by fetching and processing instructions step-by-step.

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Poon Yin Kwong
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17 views4 pages

ch11 TE

The document describes the components and functioning of a computer system's central processing unit (CPU). It includes diagrams of the CPU and its components like the control unit, arithmetic logic unit (ALU), registers, and data paths. It also provides examples of instructions and their encoding in memory. The document aims to explain how a CPU executes programs by fetching and processing instructions step-by-step.

Uploaded by

Poon Yin Kwong
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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11 The System Unit of a Computer System

Let’s Think
1. Fan, heat sink and water cooling system
2. It may increase the heat produced by the CPU and also shorten the lifespan of the CPU.
It may affect the stability of the system, i.e. the operation system may not work properly.

Activity 2
3.

Little Man (invisible)   Memory

Mailboxes
  I/O

 
Calculator Control unit
 
Hand counter Program counter
 

Input/output baskets ALU

5.
Mail Box Instruction/address Purpose
00 IN; Load data from Input basket into calculator.
01 STA 11; Store the data located in the calculator into location 11.
02 IN; Load data from Input basket into calculator.
03 STA 12; Store the data located in the calculator into location 12.
04 ADD 11; Add data at location 11 to calculator contents.
05 STA 13; Store the data located in the calculator into location 13.

6.
Mailbox Content
11 33
12 66
13 99

7. (a) Mnemonic: HLT Opcode: 0 (any number)


(b) Study the whole process and guess the purpose of this program. This program is
used to add the two inputted numbers up.
Concept Map
1. D
2. E
3. H
4. F
5. G
6. B
7. A
8. C

Concept Checker
1. F
2. F
3. T
4. F
5. T

Multiple Choice Questions


1. B
2. C
3. D
4. C
5. B
6. C
7. B
8. B
9. B
10. A
11. D
12. A
Short Questions
1. (a) Fetching the instruction (1), decoding the instruction (1) and executing the
instruction (1). (all correct:1 )
(b) Executing the instruction. (2)

2. (a) ‧It indicates the direction of data transfer.


‧It coordinates the timing of transfer events.
(any one  2)
(b) Data bus (1) and address bus (1)

3. (a) A program instruction is loaded into the CPU from the main memory. (2)
(b) Fetch (1) and decode (1)

4. (a) The arithmetic and logic unit (ALU), (1) the control unit (CU) (1) and the registers
(1).
(b) (i) (1) = 5 times (1)

(ii) It is because when an instruction involves operand fetch and/or storing result
into the main memory, the time taken for data transmission for both computers
are the same. As a result, the total time taken for completion of such
instruction for Computer Y cannot be 5 times as Computer X. (2)

5. (a) ‧It stores operands and results temporarily for the instruction being executed. (1)
‧It stores results temporarily for the instruction being executed. (1)
‧It stores addresses of operands. (1)
(b) Instruction register (IR) contains the instruction to be executed by the CPU. (1)
Program counter (PC) contains the memory address of next instruction to be
executed. (1)
(c) The memory address in program counter is loaded to memory address register. (1)
The control unit issues a READ command. (1) The required instruction is then
loaded into memory data register. (1) The instruction is further moved to the
program counter. (1)
Long Questions
1. (a) Machine cycle is the process of executing an instruction in a CPU. (1)
(b) (i) Fetch, (0.5) decode, (0.5) execute, (0.5) detect whether an interrut has
occurred. (0.5)
(ii) Fetch (1) and execute (1)
(c) Data bus (1)
(d) (i) After executing each instruction, the CPU will detect if there are any
interrupts. (1) If so, the CPU will save the current process in some special
memory location called stack and handle the interrupts immediately. (1) After
the interrupts havebeen served, the CPU will load all the data from stack and
resume the process. (1)
(ii) Input process: user interrupt (by keyboard) / disk reading error / file not found
(any one  1)
ALU operation: divide by zero / overflow / underflow (any one  1)
Output process: disk full / out of printer paper (any one  1)

2. (a) 2 GHz = 2,000,000,000 Hz


Hence, the CPU has 2,000,000,000 clock cycles in one second. (3)
(b) (1)

= 500,000,000 (1)
(c) second (2) = 1  10-8 second (1)

(d) (i) Zero flag: 1 0  0  0  0 (2)


(ii) Sign flag: 0  0  0  0  1 (2)

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