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    LEC2 Surveying-Instruments

    Uploaded by

    Vince Paulo Cadano
    Surveying instruments can be used for either taping or leveling measurements. For taping, common tools include steel tapes, range poles, plumb bobs, chaining pins, and wooden hubs/pegs to establish points and measure distances. Leveling instruments such as dumpy levels, automatic levels, engineers transits, theodolites, and total stations can measure vertical and horizontal angles using a telescope and level rods to determine differences in elevation. Modern electronic total stations integrate distance measurement capabilities with angle measurement for greater accuracy and efficiency.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    LEC2 Surveying-Instruments

    Uploaded by

    Vince Paulo Cadano
    25 views17 pages
    Surveying instruments can be used for either taping or leveling measurements. For taping, common tools include steel tapes, range poles, plumb bobs, chaining pins, and wooden hubs/pegs to establish points and measure distances. Leveling instruments such as dumpy levels, automatic levels, engineers transits, theodolites, and total stations can measure vertical and horizontal angles using a telescope and level rods to determine differences in elevation. Modern electronic total stations integrate distance measurement capabilities with angle measurement for greater accuracy and efficiency.

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    LEC2_Surveying-Instruments

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    Surveying instruments can be used for either taping or leveling measurements. For taping, common tools include steel tapes, range poles, plumb bobs, chaining pins, and wooden hubs/pegs to establish points and measure distances. Leveling instruments such as dumpy levels, automatic levels, engineers transits, theodolites, and total stations can measure vertical and horizontal angles using a telescope and level rods to determine differences in elevation. Modern electronic total stations integrate distance measurement capabilities with angle measurement for greater accuracy and efficiency.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    25 views17 pages

    LEC2 Surveying-Instruments

    Uploaded by

    Vince Paulo Cadano
    Surveying instruments can be used for either taping or leveling measurements. For taping, common tools include steel tapes, range poles, plumb bobs, chaining pins, and wooden hubs/pegs to establish points and measure distances. Leveling instruments such as dumpy levels, automatic levels, engineers transits, theodolites, and total stations can measure vertical and horizontal angles using a telescope and level rods to determine differences in elevation. Modern electronic total stations integrate distance measurement capabilities with angle measurement for greater accuracy and efficiency.

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    SURVEYING INSTRUMENTS

    CESURV30
    SURVEYING
    SURVEYING INSTRUMENTS
    INSTRUMENTS

    ▪ For taping:
    1. Steel tape
    2. Range poles
    3. Plumb bob
    4. Chaining pins
    5. Wooden hubs/pegs
    6. Spring scale
    SURVEYING
    SURVEYING INSTRUMENTS
    INSTRUMENTS

    ▪ Steel tape – laid out to get linear measurements. These are graduated in feet or
    meters together with decimal parts of these units.
    SURVEYING INSTRUMENTS

    ▪ Range poles – used as guides or markers when sighting points, and for lining up
    tapemen in order to keep them going along the correct direction.
    SURVEYING INSTRUMENTS

    ▪ Chaining pins – used for marking the ends of tapes or intermediate points during
    taping. These are sometimes referred to as taping arrows.
    SURVEYING INSTRUMENTS

    ▪ Plumb bob – used in taping to project a point on the tape down to the ground, or to
    project a point on the ground up to the tape.
    SURVEYING INSTRUMENTS

    ▪ Wooden hubs/pegs – used in surveying to establish point son the ground. They are
    driven into the ground and are used in staking out a building.
    SURVEYING INSTRUMENTS

    ▪ Spring scale – used at the end of a tape for reading the pull applied to the tape
    during measurement. These are used only in precise taping work.
    SURVEYING INSTRUMENTS

    ▪ For leveling:
    1. Dumpy level
    2. Wye level
    3. Automatic level
    4. Hand level
    5. Engineer’s transit
    6. Theodolite
    7. Total station
    8. Level rod
    SURVEYING INSTRUMENTS

    ▪ Dumpy level – consist of a telescope which fixes the direction of the line of sight
    and which can be rotated through 360 degrees in the horizontal. The
    instrument is simple in construction and has fewer parts to become worn or
    displaced.
    SURVEYING INSTRUMENTS

    ▪ Wye level – has a telescope tube supported by two y-shaped uprights fixed to a
    horizontal bar. By releasing the two clamping collars which fit across the
    tops of the Y’s, the telescope can be lifted clear of the Y-supports. This is not
    commonly used since other levels are better constructed for leveling work.
    SURVEYING INSTRUMENTS

    ▪ Automatic level – has a self-leveling feature. As soon as the bull’s eye bubble is
    centered, the line of sight is automatically leveled and kept leveled when a
    compensator takes over. These are especially useful under conditions of
    unstable ground and wind, and where speed in leveling work is an
    important consideration.
    SURVEYING INSTRUMENTS

    ▪ Hand level – consists of a tube through which the observer sights. On top of the
    tube is a small bubble reflecting through a prism so it appears to move
    vertically as seen by the observer sighting through the tube at a level rod. It
    is used where extreme accuracy is unnecessary and in taping to determine
    if the tape is held horizontally.
    SURVEYING INSTRUMENTS

    ▪ Engineer’s Transit – designed for measuring horizontal and vertical angles. Transit
    is the one of the most versatile mechanical equipment but also the most
    complicated. Most have been supplanted by the total stations.
    SURVEYING INSTRUMENTS

    ▪ Theodolite – a precision surveying instrument for measuring angles. The telescope


    is short, inverting, internal-focusing and equipped with a glass reticle. A
    modern theodolite is compact, simple in design, and light in weight, yet
    rugged enough to withstand severe usage.
    SURVEYING INSTRUMENTS

    ▪ Total station – an electronic transit theodolite integrated with electronic distance


    measurement (EDM) to measure vertical and horizontal angles and the slope
    distance from the instrument to a particular point.
    SURVEYING INSTRUMENTS

    ▪ Level rod – used in conjunction with an instrument such as a transit or level to


    determine distances or differences in elevation. It can be read by the
    surveyor while sighting through the telescope and noting the apparent
    intersection of the cross-hairs of the rod.

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