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Chapter 12 Circular Measure

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42 views16 pages

Chapter 12 Circular Measure

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flore
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12.1 Radian Measure Introducing the Radian To further our study on trigonometric funetions, especially in the calculus (Chapters 18 and 20), a radian measure is introduced as follows: The diagram on the right shows three sectors of circles with radii 1 em, 2 em and 3 cm, having arcs of lengths 1 cm, 2 cm and 3 cm respectively. Notice that the three sectors have the same angle. This angle is defined to be 1 radian. The angle subtended at the centre ofa circle by an are equal in length to the radius is 1 radian. Fig. (b) In Fig, (a) to (c), we have: Length of are APC Length of are APD Length of are APE 2rand ZAOC rand ZAOD 3.6r and ZA01 radians radians f= 3.6 radians a 280 Circular Measure Scanned with CamScanner al. if the length of the are is s units and the radius is r nits, then 6 ‘That is, the size of the angle is given by the ratio of the are Jength to the th of the radius. For example, ifs =3 cm and r= 2 cm, then 0= 4, ‘The radian measure of the angle is 1.5, Note that rand 5 the radian measure of an angle is often added. : are measured in the same unit, Sa number without dimension, although the word ‘radian’ Relation between Radian and Degree Measures Consider the angle 0 in a semicircle of radius r as shown below. We have: 1 or s zm) = mr and so 0 * = mradians In degrees, @= 180°, T radians = 180° From this we get: } radians=90° radians = 30° 3 radians =270° © radians = 45° 2n radians = 360° Furthermore, = 180° ° {radian = 82 = 57.3 and 1° = rE = 0.017 45 radians. Trigonometry of Angles in Radians In Chapters 10 and 11, we discussed trigonometry of angles measured in degrees, The rules and identities also apply to angles measured in radians. Circular Measure 281 Scanned with CamScanner GER steer tte graph of the function fix yo 4 sin.v+ 2 for the domain ’ ¢ corresponding to this domain, 0 282 Circular Measure Scanned with CamScanner Find the e} act value of cos 5, basic angle, aon 5 y “COS. Note: In writing sin % and cos 2, it is clear that the angles ® and 2 are in radians. Hence cos 2 # cos 2°. Find the values of x, where 0 0 => mxis in the Ist or 2nd quadrant, nna at sina=5 => a=# Now,0 Given also that the length of AD equals the length of the arc ACB, find ° (c)_ the area of the shaded region ACBD, | AM. (d) the length of BD. (C) A D ImportanteNote 290 Circular Measure a Scanned with CamScanner _ . (©) Trigonometric | methods for solving trigonometric (sketching trigonome are similar to those for functions can be defined for Angles in radians, Hence, the equations, tric curves, angles in degrees, 2. Circular measure For a sector POQ whose are length, » = ro angle Os in radians, To Q ee GEES sketch on the Same diagram, the graphs of y = 2 cos x and Y= F— 1 for the interval 0

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