Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region VIII
Division of Leyte

Burauen Comprehensive National High School

Senior High Department
Humanities and Social Sciences – Grade 12

COURSE SYNTHESIS IN
DISCIPLINE AND IDEAS IN
THE APPLIED SOCIAL
SCIENCES (DIASS)
SY: 2023-2024

EMEDEL C. PALITA
12- SOCRATES

MRS. LIZA R.
MALATE, LPT
TEACHER
 Table of Contents

Module 1 (Course Introduction)…..

Lesson 1. Applied Social Sciences
1.1 Definition of Social Sciences
1.2 Definition of Applied Social Sciences
Module 2 (Counseling)…..
Lesson 1. The Discipline of Counseling
1.1 Definition
1.2 Goals
1.3 Principles
1.4 Core Values
Lesson 2. Professionals and Practitioners in Counseling
2.1 Roles, Functions, and Competencies of Counselors
2.2 Competencies of Counseling
2.3 Specific Work Areas of counselors
2.4 Counseling Careers
2.5 Code of Ethics
Lesson 3. Clientele and Audiences in Counseling
3.1 Characteristics and needs of various types of Clientele and
Audiences
3.1.1 Individual, Group, Organization, Community
Lesson 4. Settings, Processes, Methods, and Tools in Counseling
4.1 Settings
4.1. Different Settings where counselors work
Lesson 5. Counseling Services, Processes, and Methods
5.1 Processes in Couseling
5.2 Methods of Counseling
Module 3 (Social Work)…..
Lesson 1. The Discipline of Social Work
1.1 Social Work
1.2 Definitions
1.3 Goals
1.4 Scope
1.5 Core values
1.6 Principles
Lesson 2. Professionals and Practitioners in Social Work
2.1 Roles, Functions, and Competencies of Social Workers
2.2 Areas of specialization in which social workers work
 2.3 Career Opportunities of Social Workers
2.4 Rights, Responsibilities, Accountabilities, and Code of Ethics
Lesson 3. Clientele and Audiences in Social Work
3.1 Characteristics and needs of various types of clientele and
audiences
3.1.1 Individuals, Groups and Organizations, and Communities

Lesson 4. Settings, Processes, Methods, and Tools in Social Work

4.1 Settings
4.1.1 Government Private Sector, Civil Society, Schools,
Community
Lesson 5. Social Work Services, Processes and Methods

Module 4 (Communication)
Lesson 1. The Discipline of Communication
1.1 Communication
1.1.1 Definition
1.1.2 Goals
1.1.3 Basic elements of communication process
1.1.4 Levels of Communication (from personal to mass, media)

.
 Module 1: Course Introduction Applied
Social Sciences

Lesson 1: Understanding Pure Social Sciences and Applied Social Sciences

Defining Pure Social Sciences

Social Science is a field of knowledge which aims in predicting and
explaining human behavior.
Humanities seeks to understand human reactions to events and the
meanings impose on experience as a function of culture, historical era and Life
History.
Natural Sciences aims to predict natural phenomena and its studies are
based on experimentally controlled existence.
Social Sciences explore the historical, cultural, sociological,
psychological, and the political forces that shape the actions of individuals and
their impact on society. The different disciplines under social sciences all help
us in providing better understanding and appreciation of the complex issues that
we face society.

Defining the Applied Social Sciences

To trace the history of Applied Social Sciences, this began as a result of
the reaction during late 1990’s when the different disciplines of social sciences,
the history, psychology history, political science, demography and others were
seen as highly segmented or divided. Scholars argued that these disciplines
should work together to solve social problems.

Applied Social Sciences focus on the use and application of the different
concepts, theoretical models, theories from Pure Social Sciences to help
understand people and the society including the different problems and issues it
faces.

Applied Social Scientists can use his/her training in different work

settings and
use the different theories in analyzing social problems and help to solve these.

Disciplines of Applied Social Sciences

1. Counseling is a field/discipline of applied social sciences which
provides guidance, help and support to individuals who experience a diverse set
of problems in their lives.
 2. Social Work is another professional activity of the applied social
sciences. Here practitioners or those who practice a certain work, help
individuals and families to improve their collective being.
3. Communication Studies provide adequate training for careers in the
field of
journalism and mass communication.

Module 2: Counseling

Lesson 1: The Discipline of Counseling

The Discipline of Counseling

Counselling profession is a helping relationship. A process in which the
counselor assists the counselee to cope with his/her emotions and feelings and
to help him/her makes positive choices and decisions

Goals of Counseling
Counseling is a relationship between a concerned person and a person
with a need. This relationship is usually person-to-person, although sometimes
it may involve more than two people. Here are the five commonly named goals
of counseling:
1. Facilitating behavior change
2. Improving the client’s ability to establish and maintain relationships.
3. Enhancing the client’s effectiveness and ability to cope.
4. Promoting the decision-making process and facilitating client potential.
5. Development.

Principles of Counseling
Counseling is a long-term process and consists of professional
communication. These are the principles of counseling:
1. Principle of acceptance 5. Principle of
confidentiality
2. Principal of communication 6. Principle of individuality
3. Principle of empathy 7. Principle of non-
emotional involvement
 4. Principle of non-judge

Core Values of Counseling

Counseling profession will also challenge the counselor to value the
counselee.
Here are the core values of counseling:
1. Respect for human dignity 4. Responsible caring
2. Partnership 5. Personal integrity
3. Autonomy 6. Social justice

Lesson 2: Professionals and Practitioners in Counseling

Counseling profession is very challenging, the person must acquire a
counseling style tailored to their own personality by familiarizing themselves
the different approaches in counseling. He/she must study masters or doctoral
degree and pass the licensure exam. A counselor must have personal qualities
like: self-awareness and understanding, caring attitude, sensitivity, open-
mindedness and objectivity plus accepting personal congruence. A professional
counselor must have the ability to listen, convey understanding without
judgment, ability to be sensitive, empathic, patient and the ability to convey to
the client that the counselor values the client’s experiences.

Roles of the Counselors

Counselors offer guidance to individuals, couples, families and groups
who are dealing with issues that affect their mental health and well-being. On
the job counselors:
1. Work with individuals, groups and communities to improve mental
health.
2. Encourage clients to discuss emotions and experiences.
3. Examine issues including substance abuse, aging, bullying, anger
management, careers, depression, relationships, LGBTQ issues, self-image,
stress and suicide.
4. Work with families.
5. Help client’s define goals, plan action and gain insight.
6. Develop therapeutical processes.
7. Refer clients to psychologists and other services.
8. Take a holistic approach to mental health care

Competencies of Counseling
Counselors are licensed mental health therapists who provide assessment,
diagnosis and counseling to people facing a variety of life stresses and
psychological problems. They help people with relationship issues, family
problems, job stress, mental health disorders such as depression and anxiety and
many other challenging problems that can impact feelings of well-being and
happiness. Here are the competencies of counselors:
1. Communication skills 5. Rapport-Building skills
2. Acceptance 6. Flexibility.
3. Empathy 7. Self-Awareness
4. Problem-Solving skills 8. Multicultural Competency

Specific Work Areas of Counselors

The following places of employment offer work opportunities for
someone with a counseling degree:
1. Hospitals
2. Impatient or Outpatient Detoxification Centers
2.1. Impatient facilities hire counselors to assist with 24-hour care of
high-risk patients battling substance abuse.
2.2. Outpatient facilities hire counselors to provide treatment during the
day,
while patients are allowed to return to their homes at night.
3. Mental Health Facilities & Agencies
4. Residential Care Facilities
5. Halfway Houses6. Geriatric-Related Facilities
7. Medical Hospitals and Outpatient Clinics
8. Correctional Facilities and/or Prisons
9. Retail Businesses
10.The Educational System

Counseling Careers
Counselors often work in a wide array of settings-even when in one
specific career. Here are the career opportunities of counselors.
1. Mental Health Counselor 6. Grief Counselor
2. School Counselor 7. Military Counselor
3. Career Counselor 8. Pastoral Counselor
4. Child 9. Rehabilitation Counselor
5. College Counselor 10.Substance Abuse
Counselor

Code of Ethics
Guidance counselors work with clients, as individuals and in groups, to
whom they supply professional services concerning educational, vocational,
personal and social
development. The following are the ethical behaviors and unethical behaviors
among counselors:
Ethical Behaviors:
1. They protect members from practices that may result in public condemnation.
2. They provide a measure of self-regulation, thus giving members a certain
freedom and autonomy.
3. They provide clients a degree of protection from cheats and the incompetent.
4. They help to protect counselors from the public if they pursued for
malpractice.
Unethical Behaviors:
1. Incompetence
2. Lack of integrity
3. Violating confidences
4. Exceeding the level of professional competence
5. Imposing values on clients
6. Creating dependence on the part of the clients to meet the counselor’s own
needs
7. Improper advertising
8. Charging fees for private counseling to those who are entitled to free services
through the counselor’s employing institutions and or using one’s job to recruit
clients for a private practice.

Lesson 3 Clientele and Audiences in Counseling

INDIVIDUAL
Individual counseling is a personal opportunity to receive support and
experience growth during challenging times in life. Such kind of counseling
facilitates one deal with a variety of life topics such as anger, depression,
anxiety, relationship challenges, substance abuse, parenting problems, school
difficulties and career changes.

GROUP
Group counseling consists of four to ten clients and one or two
experienced group therapists. During this period, the members of the group talk
about issues concerning them and offer each other support and feedback.

ORGANIZATION
Counseling and therapy aren’t just for individuals, couples and groups.
Organization can also benefit from the same techniques to help reduce
workplace anxiety, improve communication, enhance performance and support
employees more thoroughly.

COMMUNITY
Community counseling is geared towards increasing coordination
community members and all the services that address all types of
discrimination.
Lesson 4 Settings, Processes, Methods, and Tools in Counseling

DIFFERENT SETTINGS WHERE COUNSELORS WORK

1. Government Setting 4. School Setting
2. Private Sector Setting 5. Community Setting
3. Civil Society Setting

Lesson 5 Counseling Services, Process and Methods

PROCESSES IN COUNSELING
Counseling process is both considered an art and a science. As an art, it
requires
the counselor to be sensitive to his clients. It needs excellent skills in listening
and
abiity of the counselor to demonstrate care and empathy. According Nystul
(2003) there are six stages of the counseling process:
1. Stage 1- Relationship Building
2. Stage 2- Assessment and Diagnosis
3. Stage 3- Formulation of Counseling Goals
4. Stage 4- Intervention and Problem Solving
5. Stage 5- Termination and Follow- up progresses the client with the help of
the counselor.
6. Stage 6- Research and Evaluation

METHODS IN COUNSELING
There are different approaches and theoretical categories used in
counseling process. This includes psychoanalytical, affective, cognitive, and
behavioral (Galding, 2000).

1. Classic Theories primed the underpinning of clinical practice.Most

psychological theories which were developed by Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung and
Alfred Adler are considered to be under the category of classic theories.
a. Freud’s Psychoanalytical Theory also known as psychoanalysis
of the mind which involves the discussion on ID, Ego and Superego.
b. Adler’s Individual Psychology focuses on the role of recognition
in psychological function. According to Nystul (2003) there are four
phases of Adlerian Psychotheraphy.
c. Jung’s Analytic Psychology highlights the task of unconscious
processes in psychological functioning.

2. Experiential theories fall under affective which are concerned about

generating emotions of the clients to effect change.
 a. Roger’s Person-Centered Counseling uses the “if and then”
which considers certain conditions exist in the counseling relationship
until the client reaches self-actualization.
b. Perls Gestalt Therapy centers on the approach on the here and
now which refers to the dialogue between the therapist and the client
experience from the inside and the how the counselor observes from the
outside.

3. Cognitive -Behavioral Theories highlights the task of cognition of

thoughts,
belief and internal behavior in person’s life.
a. Ellis Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy
b. Beck’s Cognitive Theory
c. Berne’s Transactional Analysi

Module 3: Social Work

Lesson 1 The Discipline of Social Work

Social Work is an academic discipline and practice-based professions

concerned with meeting the basic needs of individuals, families, groups,
communities, and society as a whole to enhance their individual and collective
well-being.

II. Goals of Social Work

The primary mission of social work profession is to develop human
beings and assist other institutions in attaining the basic human needs of people
and in empowering the lost, the least, and the last. These goals are outlined and
described below:

1. The Goal on Caring 2. The Goal on Curing 3. The

Goal on Changing

III. Scope of Social Work

To supplement your understanding in the value of social work, it is
important to
study the scope of social work. The scope of social work includes:
1. Child development Social Work 6. Social work as
community organizer
2. Medical Social Work 7. Women welfare
3. Clinical Social Work 8. Crisis intervention
4. Social work administration and management 9. Criminal justice
5. International Social work

Morales and Sheafor (1998, 8th edition) identified and described the fields
included in the area of social work, which are as follows:
1. Social Work as a Primary Discipline-
2. Social Work as an Equal Partner
3. Social Work as a Secondary Discipline

IV. Core Values of Social Work

>Service > Integrity
>Social Justice >Competence
>Importance of human relationships >Dignity and Worth of the
people

Lesson 2 Professionals and Practitioners in Social Work

The social work professionals and practitioners knows that their
profession is based on the principles of human rights and social justice that
serve to empower individuals, groups, and communities to develop their full
potential and well-being. The main focus of intervention in social work is the
relationship between the individual and their immediate and wider social
environment. Particular emphasis is placed on meeting the needs of vulnerable
and marginalized individuals and groups.

Roles and Functions of a Social Worker

There are several duties that a social worker typically perform to the
people and the community they serve. Accordingly these are the roles and
functions of a social work:
Broker- Involved in the process of making referrals to link a family or person
to needed resources.
Advocate- Fight for the rights of others and work to obtain needed resources by
convincing others of the legitimate needs and rights of members of societyCase
Manager
Case managers- Involved in locating services and assisting their clients to
access those services.
Educator- Involved in teaching people about resources and how to develop
particular skills
Facilitator- Involved in gathering groups of people together for many purposes.
Organizer- involved in many levels of community organization and action
Manager- As managers, they are better able to influence policy change and/or
development, and to advocate, on a larger scale, for all underprivileged people.

People They Serve

Common groups of people that social workers serve include:
 Children  People coping with grief or loss
 Older adults  People with mental illnesses
 People with disabilities  People struggling with addiction
 Patients with chronic, acute or terminal diagnoses
Where They Work
Social workers most often work in the following settings:
 Hospitals, medical clinics, and nursing homes
 Community mental health agencies and substance misuse clinics
 State and local governments including child welfare agencies
and departments of health and human services
 Schools and other youth-serving organizations
 Military bases and veterans affairs clinics
 Correctional facilities
 Private practices
Career Opportunities in Social Work
o There is a variety of jobs available for graduates in social work.
o Health Board social workers
o Medical social workers
o Working for Local Authorities
o Working for the Department of Justice
o Working for Voluntary Agencies
o Working in Industry

Rights and Responsibilities, Accountabilities and Code of Ethics of Social

Work
 The rights of social work are partially outlined. Its responsibilities cover
those that pertain to the dispensation of its basic functions, roles, professional
standards, and adhesive to its local and international codes of ethics. Social
work is accountable to the clients, the general public, and the society. The
following are responsibilities of social workers as to their field of specialization:
1. To help children
2. Assist those life- threatening problems
3. Aid people in overcoming addictions
4. To protect and uphold respect for the inherent worth and dignity of all people
as
expressed in the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948)
5. Promoting social justice to the people generally and to the people with whom
they work
6. To apply the professional values and principles set out above to their practice
7. They should act with integrity and treat people with compassion, empathy,
and
care
Accountability of social worker is to the clients, colleagues, employers,
professional associations, and to the law. Social workers are accountable for
their actions to the values and principles of the profession, which require them
to act in a reliable, honest, and trustworth manner.

Code of Ethics of Social Work

The code of ethics specifies the standards of ethics, conduct, and
performance
expected of registered social workers these principles and standards set forth
ideals to which all social workers should aspire.
1. Value: SERVICE
Ethical Principle: Social workers’ primary goal is to help people in need and to
address social problems.
2. Value: SOCIAL JUSTICE
Ethical Principle: Social workers challenge social injustice.
3. Value: DIGNITY and WORTH of the PERSON
Ethical Principle: Social workers respect the inherent dignity and worth of the
person.
4. Value: IMPORTANCE of HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS
Ethical Principle: Social workers recognize the central importance of human
relationships.
5. Value: INTEGRITY
Ethical Principle: Social workers behave in a trustworthy manner.
6. Value: COMPETENCE
Ethical Principle: Social workers practice within their areas of competence and
develop and enhance their professional expertise.
Ethical Standards
The following ethical standards are relevant to the professional activities
of all
social workers. These standards are concerned with the social workers’ ethical
responsibilities:
1. To clients 4. As professionals
2. To colleagues 5. To the social work profession; and
3. In practice settings 6. To the broader society

Lesson 3: The Clientele and Audiences of Social Work

Characteristics of Clientele and Audiences of Social Work
All people with various social concerns (in terms of being marginalized
or experiencing social injustice or having their rights violated or disrespected)
share characteristic qualities of the clientele audience of social work.
1. The Individual as Client of Social Work- Generally work on an
individual who has to be assisted to fit in a larger environment or by
larger environment for change or improving one’s ability to cope with it.
2. The Group and Organization as Client of Social Work- Groups are
people existing with similar or common identity.
3. The Community as Client of Social Work- In this case, social work
may focus on
community transformations to cause environmental change so as to make it
possible for individuals and groups on the minority to achieve social well-being
or social justice and respect for their rights.

Lesson 4: The Settings, Processes, Methods, and Tools of Social Work

Different Settings of Social Work
-Government Setting - Civil Society Setting
-Private Sectors -Setting School Setting

Module 4: The Discipline of

Communication
Lesson 1: Communication
Communication is a manner of passing information between people or
group for common understanding and confidence. It includes the move of
information from the sender to the receiver. The receiver must understand the
meaning and message of information. It can also be taken as the way of sharing
ideas, thoughts, opinions and views from one person to another person.

Communication includes the process of sending verbal and non-verbal

messages. With the help of a sender, a receiver, and channel of communication,
it transfers complicated, delicate and argumentative information.
Communication needs the full understanding of behaviors associated with the
sender and receiver. It is the exchange of facts, opinion, idea or emotion
between two or
more than two persons of common interest.

Goals of Communication
“The goal of communication is to send information—and the
understanding of that information—from one person or group to another person
or group. This communication process is divided into several basic parts: A
sender pass a message through a channel to the receiver.”

Primary Goal of Communication

“Communication is a complicated process that involves a sender and a
receiver. The purpose of communication is to send messages to inform, direct or
educate. Effective communication produces desired businesses, productive
relationships and satisfaction between people.”

Basic Elements of Communication Process

1. Source- The source is the person or thing (living or non-living thing)
making serious attempt to share information. It is the origin of information (in
Information Theory, the source produce data that one would like to
communicate) and an ability to pass this information, through a channel, to a
receiver.
2. Message- Communication theorists look closely to messages as the
study of signs and
symbols, and how meaning is created through them; note: it is not the study of
meaning, just how meaning is created
3. Encoding-Encoding is the process of collecting the message
(information, ideas and
thoughts) into a chosen design with the objective of making sure that the
receiver
can understand it. Communication only begin when it results in both the source
and the receiver understanding the same information.
4. Channel-An encoded message is delivered by the source through a
channel. There are
numerous channel in similar ways: verbal, non-verbal, personal, non-personal,
etc.
5. Decoding- This is where listening, and reading directions carefully, makes its
claim to be
recognized—decode with care, my friends.
6. Receiver- At the end, the message is delivered to the receiver. A good
communicator takes
the receiver and to be around the edge of reference into consideration; how they
will received and reacts based on common ground is shared, its their sense of
humor, and moral conduct, etc.
7. Feedback- A better word will be “reaction” or “responses.” The source
judges its success
based on the feedback it receives, so pay close attention.
8. Context- Context is simply the condition in which your message is presented.
It is the
atmosphere, climate that exists when people communicate with each other.

Levels of Communication (from interpersonal to mass communication)

Intrapersonal communication is an inside communication process taking
place
within the individual. This includes thought process speaking aloud or writing
to oneself
as when one is writing in the form of prayer, meditation.
Interpersonal communication involves two persons or a small group such
as family.

The number of participants defines interpersonal communication.

 Dyadic communication - when two persons are actively participating.
 Group communication - when there are three or more persons actively
participating in face-to-face and able to present immediate response or
feedback, such as meeting or in a class session.
 Public communication - includes a large group such as a public lecture or
church ceremony. In such situations there is a source who delivers a message in
a monologue style and feedback is minimal or with limits. Category of
Interpersonal communication:
1. Direct interpersonal communication
 2. Mediated interpersonal communication

Mass Communication involves the transmission of message to large

audiences using
technology of communication.