PROPERTIES OF INVERSE LAPLACE TRANSFORMATION

 Inverse Laplace have similar properties like Laplace transform

1. First and Second Shifting Property
2. Multiplication [by s] Property
3. Division [by s] Property
4. Derivative [of F(s)] Property
5. Integral [of F(s)] Property

Shifting Property of Inverse Laplace Transform

1. First Shifting Property
 The shifting property of Laplace transform is
Let, 𝐋{𝐟(𝐭)} = 𝐅(𝐬)
𝐚𝐭
Then, 𝐋{𝐞 𝐟(𝐭)} = 𝐅(𝐬 − 𝐚)
 The shifting property of inverse Laplace transform is
If, 𝐋−𝟏 {𝐅(𝐬)} = 𝐟(𝐭)
Then, 𝐋−𝟏 {𝐅(𝐬 − 𝐚)} = 𝐞𝐚𝐭 𝐟(𝐭)
Also 𝐋−𝟏 {𝐅(𝐬 + 𝐚)} = 𝐞−𝐚𝐭 𝐟(𝐭)

Solved Problems
Find the inverse Laplace of the following
𝟏
1)
(𝒔+𝟐)𝟓
If you analyze the above function then you would see, s is shifted by 2 and other than 2
it is a simple polynomial function with power 5
1 1
L−1 {(s+2)5} = e−2t L−1 { 5} since L−1 {F(s + a)} = e−at f(t)
s
1
Now we use standard formula for Laplace inverse of
𝑠5
1 1 1 1 tn
L−1 {(s+2)5} = e−2t L−1 { 5} = e−2t L−1 { 4+1} since L−1 { } = n!
s s sn+1

t4
= e−2t
4!
1 t4 e−2t
L−1 {(s+2)5 } =
24
𝐬
2) (𝐬 𝟐 +𝟒𝐬+𝟏𝟑)
 If we look at the denominator of the function, it is not in standard form then we can
either factories it or can make its perfect square
Here, we would make its perfect square.
(s 2 + 4s + 13) = [s 2 + 2(s)(2) + 22 ] − 22 + 13
= (s + 2)2 + 9
= (s + 2)2 + 32
s s
L−1 {(s2 } = L−1 {(s+2)2 2 }
+4s+13) +3

We also have s+2 in numerator instead of only s then we can use shifting
property here. So let’s add and subtract 2 in numerator.
s (s+2)−2
L−1 {(s2 } = L−1 {(s+2)2+32 }
+4s+13)

(s+2) 2
L−1 {(s+2)2 } − L−1 {(s+2)2 +32 }
+32

 By shifting property, we have

s 2
e−2t L−1 { } − e−2t L−1 {s2+32 } since L−1 {F(s + a)} = e−at f(t)
s2+32

 Now Laplace is on simple functions for which we have direct formulas. Comparing
Laplace in first and second terms.
s s s
L−1 { } = L−1 {s2+32 } = cos(3t) since L−1 {(s2 } = cos(at)
s2 +32 +a2 )

2 2 2 1 1
L−1 { } = L−1 {s2+32 } = 3 sin(3t) since L−1 {(s2 } = a sin(at)
s2 +32 +a2 )

𝐬 𝟐
𝐋−𝟏 {(𝐬𝟐 } = 𝐞−𝟐𝐭 𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝟑𝐭) − 𝟑 𝐞−𝟐𝐭 𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝟑𝐭)
+𝟒𝐬+𝟏𝟑)

𝟏
3)
(𝐬+𝟑)(𝐬−𝟓)
 There is no direct formula available for the function given above. However, if we
1 1
somehow separate (𝑠+3) and (𝑠−5)
, then we could take its Laplace using one of the
direct formulas for the Laplace inverse.
 Here we use Partial Fraction.
 By using Partial fraction, we can write,
1 A B
= (s+3) + (s−5) ………. (1)
(s+3)(s−5)

 Here A and B are the contants and we will be evaluating these constants

 Now, multiplying both sides of equation (1) with the factor (𝑠 + 3)(𝑠 − 5).
1 = A(s − 5) + B(s + 3) …….. (2)
 For finding the value of A,
Put (𝑠 + 3) = 0 → 𝑠 = −3
Put in eq(2)
1 = A(−3 − 3) + B(−3 + 3)
1 = A(−6)
1
A = −6

 Similarly, to obtain value of B,

Put (s − 5) = 0 → s = 5
1 = A(5 − 5) + B(5 + 3)
1 = B(8)
1
B=8

 Now, putting these values of the constants A and B in equation (1).

1 −1⁄ 1⁄ −1 1
6 8
= (s+3) + (s−5) = 6(s+3) + 8(s−5)
(s+2)(s−3)

1 1
 So, this is how we can change product of linear factors (𝑠+3) and (𝑠−5) into their sum.

1 −1 1
L−1 {(s+3)(s−5)} = L−1 {6(s+3) + 8(s−5)}

−1 −1 1 1 1
= L { } + 8 L−1 {(s−5)}
6 (s+3)
 −1 −3t −1 1 −1 1 1
L−1 { s } = 1
1
= e L
{s} + 8 e5t L {s} therefore
6

−1 −3t 1
= e + 8 e5t
6
𝟏 −𝟏 𝟏
𝐋−𝟏 {(𝐬+𝟑)(𝐬−𝟓)} = 𝐞−𝟑𝐭 + 𝟖 𝐞𝟓𝐭
𝟔

2. Second Shifting Property

The second shifted property of Laplace transform is

𝐋[𝐟(𝐭 − 𝐚)𝐮(𝐭 − 𝐚) ] = [𝐞−𝐚𝐬 𝐅(𝐒)]
The second shifted property of inverse Laplace transform is

𝐋−𝟏 [𝐞−𝐚𝐬 𝐅(𝐒)] = 𝐟(𝐭 − 𝐚)𝐮(𝐭 − 𝐚)

Question
Find the inverse Laplace transform of the following
𝐞−𝛑𝐬
(𝐬+𝟑)
1
𝒆−𝝅𝒔 → 𝒆−𝒂𝒔 and → F(s + a)
(s+3)
𝟏
First we calculate the inverse Laplace of (𝒔+𝟑) by using first shifting theorem

1 1
L−1 {(s+3)} = e−3t L−1 { } since L−1 {F(s + a)} = e−at f(t)
s

1 1 tn
L−1 { } = 1 since L−1 { } = n!
s sn+1

Here n=0, 0!=1

1
L−1 { } = e−3t
(s+3)

 Now using second shifting property

e−πs
L−1 { } = e−3(t−π) u(t − π) since 𝐋−𝟏 [𝐞−𝐚𝐬 𝐅(𝐒)] = 𝐟(𝐭 − 𝐚)𝐮(𝐭 − 𝐚)
(s+3)

Note: Dear students in case of any typing mistake in above given formulae, please consult HK
Dass, Chapter 47.