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Methods of Teaching .

This document discusses different teaching methodologies: 1. The Grammar Translation Method focuses on grammar and translation and does not emphasize speaking or listening skills. 2. The Direct Method emphasizes communication and creating a natural learning environment without translation or explicit grammar instruction. 3. The Audio-Lingual Method is based on behavioral psychology and aims to develop oral fluency through repetition and habit formation. 4. The Communicative Method focuses on developing communicative competence through authentic activities rather than accuracy of grammar. 5. The Eclectic Method integrates successful aspects of different methods to suit the needs of specific learner groups.

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Abdulwahab Al-Shammari
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25 views10 pages

Methods of Teaching .

This document discusses different teaching methodologies: 1. The Grammar Translation Method focuses on grammar and translation and does not emphasize speaking or listening skills. 2. The Direct Method emphasizes communication and creating a natural learning environment without translation or explicit grammar instruction. 3. The Audio-Lingual Method is based on behavioral psychology and aims to develop oral fluency through repetition and habit formation. 4. The Communicative Method focuses on developing communicative competence through authentic activities rather than accuracy of grammar. 5. The Eclectic Method integrates successful aspects of different methods to suit the needs of specific learner groups.

Uploaded by

Abdulwahab Al-Shammari
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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‫‪Teaching methodologies‬‬

‫هنا موضوعي و'زم تفهم‪ ,‬كل شي 'نو ممكن‬


‫يجي مقالي بعد ف تعبرين من فهمك‬
‫يثد هاذا يركز على القرامر والترجمة‬N‫ا‬
‫ستماع والتحدث‬S‫ماتعطي اهتمام ل‬

1. The Grammar translation Method

• It followed the procedure adopted in teaching Latin and Greek.


• The grammar of language plus vocabulary were taught.
• The test comprehension of written texts, the students had to translate them
into his L1.
• The main learning strategy used was mainly memorisation of paradigms,
patterns and vocabulary.
• L2 was not used for communication at all.
• Learners talked about the language instead of talking in the language.
• This method does not concern itself with how learners learn language, or how
they actually use it.
• It gives a predominant place to morphology and neglects syntax.
‫يثد هاذا مايهتمون بالحفظ‬N‫ا‬

2. The Direct Method


• This method is based on the belief that L1 acquisition and L2 learning are one and
the same process.
• It emphasises communication by creating natrual learning enviroment in the
classroom.
• L1 use is a taboo, and not translation was permitted.
• Not teaching of grammar takes place.
• The learner of L2 is supposed to learn the language natrually just as the child
acquiring L1.
psychology ‫يثد يهتم بالـ‬N‫هاذا ا‬
‫يعني يهتم بنفسية الطالب‬
‫مايعتمدون على الحفظ‬

3. The Audio-Lingual Method


• This method is the application of the structural linguistics and
behavoiural psychology.
• It is similar to the direct method in aiming at developing a
native-like (oral) fluency in L2.
• It is based on the claim that L2 learning should be regarded as
a mechanic process of habit-formation, through stimulus-
response-reinforcement.
• Language learning is not considered a creative, cognitive
process, but a mechanical mimicry.
• Classroom techniques include memorisation of dialogues, and
mechanical pattern drills. No explanation of grammatical rules
is allowed and no use of L1.
‫ تهتم بالتواصل‬/ grammar ‫تركز على ال‬

4. The communicative Method


• It is complementary to Chomsky’s linguistic competence.
• Linguistic competence refers to the mastering of all the rules
of grammar that can generate all the correct sentences of
language.
• The communicative method emerged the notion of
Communicative competence.
• Communicative competence: refers to the mastering of the
communication rules that enable one to use the language
not only accurately (i.e. without grammatical mistakes), but
also approapriately in the various social situations.
• This method emphasises communication rather than
accuracy of grammar by providing the students with
authentic communicative activities.
‫ الي قبل‬methods ‫تجمع ال‬

5. The Eclectic Method


• Research in the various domains of L2 learning tells us
that not one particular methodology can serve the
different types and classes of L2 learners.
• Consequently, we should try to integrate some of the
successful dimensions of several methods.
• This is what is called the eclectic method.
• The eclectic method is a method tailor cut to suit a group
of learners of a certain age, in a specific situation, with
certain clear objectives and a specific length of time
avialble to them (i.e. English for specific purposes).
Language Planning
• In many countries, there are minorities with
linguistics problems (with interest in their
different languages or dialects)
• Some of these problems are solved by linguistic
research.
• Other problems need the government
intervention that should deal with these
problems officially through what is called
language planning.
• This is based on sociolinguistic surveys of the
community showing the facts and figures of the
linguistic situation in the country.
• In countries like India where different languages are used in
different parts, decision at the highest governmental levels
are to be taken concerning:
1. The official language (the lingua franca) which has to be
used in the governmental institutions in the country.
2. The one script that can be generalised across the country.
• Out of the topic that has to be addressed by linguistic policy
(language planning) are:
1. The place of minority languages.
2. The influence of English on Arabic as the national, official
language.
3. The dialect problem.
• How can we decrease the impact of English as an international
language on Arabic as the language of business and technology?
- By modernising and upgrading Arabic and absorbing new terms as
quickly as possible in order to keep with current scientific and
technological developments.

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