Cobra-Iv-I: Thermal-Hydraulic Nuclear: Cobra of Bundle Fuel and Cores

COBRA-IV-I: An Interim
Version of COBRA for

Thermal-Hydraulic Analysis
of Rod Bundle Nuclear
Fuel Elements and Cores
March 1976
Prepared for the Energy Research

and Development Administration
under Contract E(45-1):1830
and
for the Nuclear Reguktory Commidon
Pacific Northwest Lab(zratorics

DISCLAIMER
This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an

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BNWL-1962
UC- 32
COBRA-IV-I: AN INTERIM VERSION OF COBRA

FOR THERMAL-HYDRAULIC ANALYSIS OF,ROD
BUNDLE NUCLEAR FUEL ELEMENTS AND CORES
PORTIO" QF T H I S S P O R T ARE ILLEGIBLE. It

has boenreproducedrromthe b e s t a v a i l a b l e
cop~tope~ltth
b ro 0 a d o ~ t p 0 ~ ~ i b l e a v a I 1 -
ability.
.-.. ~~
sponsored by the Uniled Stales Covcmmcnt. Neither

by the United States nor the United Ststcr Energy
Racarch and Development Adminirtnlion, nor any or
,
C.. L. Wheeler lhcu empbycu, nor any of lheu mntmctors.
C. W. Stewart
R. J. Cena
D. S. Rowe
A. M. Sutey
March 1976
Approved by
D. S, T r e n t ,'Managcr '
F l u i d and Thermal Engineering S e c t i o n
Engineering Technology Department
BATTELLE
P a c i f i c Northwest L a b o r a t o r i e s
Richland, Washington 99352
nD;ISTRIBUTI.ON OF THl S DOCUMENT :ISU,NlLl '!TED!
{h
The COBRA-IV-I computer code uses t h e subchannel a n a l y s i s approach t o
'determine t h e e n t h a l p y and f l o w d i s t r i b u t i o n i n r o d bundles' f o r both steady-
s t a t e and t r a n s i e n t c o n d i t i o n s . The s t e a d y - s t a t e and t r a n s i e n t s o l u t i o n
schemes used i n COBRA-IIIC a r e s t i l l a v a i l a b l e i n COBRA-IV-I as t h e i m p l i c i t
s o l u t i o n scheme o p t i o n . I n a d d i t i o n t o these techniques, a new e x p l i c i t
s o l u t i o n scheme i s now a v a i l a b l e which a l l o w s t h e c a l c u l a t i o n o f severe
t r a n s i e n t s i n v o l v i n g f l o w r e v e r s a l s , r e c i r c u l a t i o n s , e x p u l s i o n and r e e n t r y
flows, w i t h a pressure o r f l o w boundary c o n d i t i o n s p e c i f i e d . Significant
s t o r a g e compaction and reduced r u n n i n g times have been achieved t o a l l o w
t h e c a l c u l a t i o n o f problems i n v o l v i n g hundreds o f subchannels.
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WAS INTENTIONALLY
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CONTENTS
ABSTRACT ............................... i
LIST OF FIGURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v
LIST OF TABLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v.
1.0 INTRODUCTION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2.0 SUMMARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.1 EXPANDED COBRA CAPABILITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
. 2.2 ADVANCEDNUMERICAL CAPABILITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.0 CONSERVATION EQUATIONS AND NUMERICAL SOLUTION ALGORITHMS

FOR FLUID AND ENERGY TRANSPORT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... 7
3.1 BASIC EQUATIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3.2 IMPLICIT NUMERICAL SOLUTION . . . . . . . . . . ., . 10
3.3 EXPLICIT NUMERICAL SOLUTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
4.0 THERMAL TRANSPORT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
4.1 FUEL ROD HEAT TRANSFER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
4.2 HEAT TRANSFER THROUGH CONDUCTING WALLS . . . . . . . . . . . 24
4.3 . COOLANT AXIAL CONDUCTION MODEL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 ..
. 5.0 CONSTITUTIVE RELATIONSHIPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
6.0 PROGRAM DESCRIPTION ....................... 29
6.1 ORGANIZATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
. 6.2 LARGE BUNDLECAPABILITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
6.2.1 A l l o c a t i o n and Compac.tion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

6.2.2 Iterative Solution. .;............... 35
6.2.3 E x t e r n a l Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
iii
CONTENTS ( C o n t i n u e d )
6.3 USER CONVENIENCE FEkTURES .................. 35

6.3.1 Dump a n d R e s t a r t O p t i o n . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . 36
6.3.2 . . . .
P r o g r a m SPECSET - C o d e R e d i m e n s i o n i n g P r o g r a m 36
6.3.3 ........
P r o g r a m GEOM - C o d e I n p u t G e n e r a t i o n ; 36
6.4 MACHINE REQUIREMENTS . .................... 37
7.0 COBRA I N P U T D E S C R I P T I O N . . ................... 39
8.0 .
NOMENCLATURE . .... . . ................... 77
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . . .... . . ................... 81
REFERENCES . . . . . .... . . ................... 83
APPENDIX A . . . . . 6... . . ................... A-1
APPENDIX B . . . . . .... . . ................... B-1
APPENDIX D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D-1
APPENDIX E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-1
APPENDIX F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F-1
APPENDIX G . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G-1
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Page
Number Number
Conservation C e l l s f o r Mass, Energy, and Momentum
Fuel Rod Noding Using Orthogonal C o l l o c a t i o n
S i n g l e Node Model o f Conducting Wall
COBRA- I V - I F l ow Diagram
Subroutine RESTRT A v a i l a b l e Code Options
Subroutine SCHEME Ca1,culation Procedure
Subroutine XSCHEME Computational Procedure
Regional A p p l i c a t i o n o f Heat T r a n s f e r C o r r e l a t i o n s
Transverse Momentum F l u x Geometry
Example o f Gap D i r e c t i o n Angles
Samples of GEOM Rod and Channel Numbering Scheme
D e f i n i t i o n o f Wrap S t a r t i n g Angle and R o t a t i o n D i r e c t i o n
Subchannel Layout and Wire Wrap P o s i t i o n s Looking i n t h e

D i r e c t i o n o f Flow a t t h e I n l e t
Geometry o f Thermal Model Sample Problem
U-Tube Manometer Model
LIST OF TABLES
1 Major Assumptions and R e s t r i c t i o n s

3
-I EQUIVALENCE Re1a l;.iunshi ps
3 Storage L o e a t i o n o r EQUIVALENCE V a r i a b l e s
B- 1 Heat T r a n s f e r and C r i t i c a l Heat F l u x C o r r e l a t i o n s
' D-1 L i s t i n g of SPECSET F i x e d I n p u t

COBRA-IV-I: AN INTERIM VERSION OF COBRA FOR
THERMAL-HYDRAULIC ANALYSIS OF ROD BUNDLE
NUCLEAR FUEL ELEMENTS AND CORES
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The objective of t h i s report i s t o present an interim version of the

COBRA-IV computer program being developed a t the Pacific Northwest Labora-
tory bycBattelle-Northwest. The COBRA-IV-I code i s an extended version of
the COBRA-IIIC subchannel analysis code which computes the flow and enthalpy
d i s t r i b u t i o n s in nuclear fuel rod bundles o r cores f o r both steady s t a t e
and transient conditions. ( 1 )
Development of the C0BR.A computer code through the COBRA-IIIC version
was sponsored by the Atomic Energy Commission ( A E C ) . Since the reorganiza-
tion of the AEC, COBRA-IV has been under the sponsorship of both the Energy
Research and Development Administration (ERDA) and the Nuclear Regulatory
Commission (NRC) . The ERDA sponsorship has been di rected toward expanded
code capability f o r the liquid metal f a s t breeder reactor, while the NRC
sponsorship has been-directed toward improved computational and two-phase
modeling f o r application t o water reactor safety.
The approach used i n COBRA-IV-I i s similar to t h a t used in COBRA-IIIC.
The basic idea i s to divide the bundle o r core of a reactor into computa-
tional c e l l s . The balance laws of mass, energy and momentum f o r the f l u i d
a r e wrltten for each c e l l where the independent variables of enthalpy,
pressure and velocity a r e appropriate averages. The c e l l s may have fuel
rods o r other solid materials which in the present treatment a c t as sources
o r sinks of heat and momentum to the f l u i d . The t r a n s i e n t thermal response
o f - t h e fuel or solids i s included and i s interfaced with the hydra1.11ics
\
through heat t r a n s f e r c o e f f i c i e n t s . The use of the computational c e l l

concept a1 lows subchannel analysis, core analysis and general flow f i e 1 d
analysis to be considered in a unified approach. The primary differences
between t h e two programs a r e t h e level of d e t a i l included through averaging
and t h e c o n s t i t u t i v e r e l a t i o n s h i p s used t o c l o s e t h e s e t of equations.
COBRA-IIIC i s c u r r e n t l y in r a t h e r wide use f o r the thermal-hydraulic
a n a l y s i s of rod bundle fuel elements and cores f o r water, l i q u i d metal and
gas cooled r e a c t o r s . COBRA users continually challenge i t s c a p a b i l i t y by
atteinpting problems of increasing complexity. For example, design analysis . .
f o r t h e LMFBR requires c a l c u l a t i o n of subchannel flow and temperature in
a f u l l 217-pin wire-wrapped bundle with provision f o r heat t r a n s f e r t o
adjacent bundles o r core s t r u c t u r e s . This must be accommodated by e x i s t i n g
computers and be performed with reasonable computational time. Ana1ysi.s
f o r both liquid-metal and water cooled r e a c t o r s requires t h e . t r a n s i e n t
response of coolant flow and enthalpy t o changes of i n l e t and e x i t pres-
s u r e a s t h e driving boundary condition. This can lead t o flow r e v e r s a l s ,
coolant expulsion and reentry. Capability i s a l s o required for severe
blockages where flow r e c i r c u l a t i o n i s possible. The application of COBRA-IV
t o water r e a c t o r s a f e t y c u r r e n t l y requires more sophisticated two-phase
flow modeling t o account f o r r e l a t i v e motion of t h e l i q u i d and vapor phases
and t h e e f f e c t s of thermal nonequilibrium. This i s f u r t h e r complicated by
t h e need t o consider a wide range of pressure and v e l o c i t y conditions. .
This poses a s i g n i f i c a n t challenge t o both the modeling of two-phase flow
physical pr&esses and t h e numerical procedure t o solve t h e system of
equations.
S i g n i f i c a n t progress has been made in the above a r e a s ; t h e r e f o r e ,
COBRA-IV-I i s being pub1 ished t o provide interim c a p a b i l i t i e s t o t h e user
community. The r e p o r t i s structured primarily a s a user manual with much
of t h e fundamental equation and solution techniques deferred t o t h e formal
COBRA-IV documentation; I t i s hoped t h a t t h i s information will aid the
COBRA-IV-I user in taking advantage of the new f e a t u r e s now a v a i l a b l e in
t h e code.
SUMMARY
S i g n i f i c a n t new c a p a b i l i t y has been added t o COBRA s i n c e t h e p u b l i c a -

S?.
t i o n o f COBRA-IIIC. These c a n , b e grouped i n t o two p r i m a r y areas.
2.1 EXPANDED COBRA CAPABILITY
COBRA-IV-I i n c l u d e s a l l t h e p r e v i o u s c a p a b i l i t y o f COBRA-IIIC p l u s
s i g n i f i c a n t l y expanded computational c a p a b i l i t y d e s c r i b e d below.
Very l a r g e bundles such as a f u l l 217-pin wire-wrapped bundle

can now be considered w i t h t y p i c a l r u n n i n g times o f 5 minutes
p e r w i r e wrap p i t c h on a CDC-7600. T h i s has been made p o s s i b l e
by u s i n g s t o r a g e compaction techniques, a u x i l i a r y s t o r a g e d e v i c e s
and an i t e r a t i v e s o l u t i o n procedure.
The subchannel l a y o u t and c a r d i n p u t f o r wire-wrapped bundles

can be generated a u t o m a t i c a l l y by u s i n g an a u x i l i a r y program
s u p p l i e d w i t h t h e code.
The program s i z e c a p a b i l i t y i s e a s i l y changed by u s i n g an

a u x i l i a r y program t o generate a complete, c o n s i s t e n t s e t o f
dimensions and common b l o c k s a c c o r d i n g t o u s e r s e l e c t e d o p t i o n s .
These can t h e n be i n s e r t e . d i n p l a c e o f e x i s t i n g dimensions i n
COBRA t o accommodate a wide range o f problem s i z e s .
Core a n a l y s i s problems can now c o n s i d e r a t h e r m a l l y c o n d u c t i n g

w a l l which can conduct h e a t between two channels on o p p o s i t e
si'des o f t h e w a l l .
The f u e l r o d h e a t c o n d u c t i o n model now i n c l u d e s a x i a l c o n d u c t i o n

and v a r i a b l e thermal c o n d u c t i v i t y . Also, each r o d may now c o n s i s t
o f several materials i f desired. The s t o r a g e r e q u i r e m e n t f o r t h e
f u e l model has been reduced by a f a c t o r o f two w i t h no l o s s i n
accuracy o r i n c r e a s e i n r u n n i n g t i m e by u s i n g an o r t h o g o n a l
c o l l o c a t i o n numerical procedure.
Correlations are now included to calculate the physical properties
of superheated steam for water reactor applications. Heat transfer
correlations are also included for subcooled, boiling and super-
heated condi ti ons .
"Dump and Restart" capabilities are now included. This allows
problem solutions to be saved for subsequent use either to con-
tinue calculations or to provide an initial guess to a different
problem. This feature can save significant computer time for
simi1 ar problems.
* Line printer plotting capabilTiLy i~ir~cluded to plot pressure
drop, mass flux, cnthalpy and/or crossflow versus axial position
for all or a specified number of gaps and channels. While not
suitable for hard copy, these plots can be of considerable aid
in interpretating complex problems.
The two-phase flow model and implicit computational approach used
previously for COBRA-IIIC are retained.
2.2 ADVANCED NUMERICAL CAPABILITY

A significantly improved numerical solution procedure has been developed
for COBRA-IV to.enhance its range of application. While still under develop-
ment, it allows analysis of problems previously not possible with COBRA-IIIC.
The basic approach uses a pressure-velocity method, which is an adaptation
of the MAC methodology(') and the Chorin-Hirt iteration procedure. ( 3 ) It
differs from these approaches by an implicit coup1 ing of the energy and
momentum equation to account for convective influence on the time rate of
change of density. The method is expl icit relative to momentum convection;
.therefore, it requires a time step 'limitation to main'tain computational
stabil i ty. The algorithm under development is cal led the -~dvanced- Continuous-
Fluid -Eul erian (ACE) method.
This advanced numerical capabi 1.ity is presently 1 imi ted to incompres-
sible, but thermally-expandable flows. Two-phase flows are limited to
homogeneous, thermal-equilibrium conditions. Applications involving
compressibility, relative phase motion and thermal nonequilibrium are being
pursued under contract with the Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
The advanced numerical procedures allow new capability as follows:
Arbitrary plenum pressure and/or flow boundary conditions can
now be used to drive transients.
The numerical solution has successfully considered bouyancy- ' '
dominated flow redistribution, flow reversals, cool ant expulsion,

reentry and recirculation.
Severe flow blockages can be considered.
All of the expanded COBRA capability mentioned previously can
be used for the advanced numerical procedures under the restric-
tion of homogeneous two-phase flow in thermal-equilibrium.
The advanced procedure can be started from an arbitrary initial
condition, one of which is the implicit COBRA-IIIC type of solution.
The sections which follow describe the basic features of COBRA-IV-I
with major emphasis on the program description. Full documentation of
details on the mathematical models, numerical procedures, additional
experimental comparison and verification are to be presented in future
reports.
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3.0 CONSERVATION EQUATIONS AND NUMERICAL SOLUTION
ALGORITHMS FOR FLUID AND ENERGY TRANSPORT
The foundations o f t h e COBRA computer programs a r e t h e c o n s e r v a t i o n

equations used t o d e s c r i b e f l u i d and energy t r a n s p o r t and t h e numerical
methods employed t o s o l v e them. The c o n s e r v a t i o n o f mass, l i n e a r momentum,
and energy a r e d e s c r i b e d by balance laws w r i t t e n f o r an E u l e r i a n c o n t r o l
volume. These governing equations, w i t h a p p r o p r i a t e boundary c o n d i t i o n s
and c o n s t i t u t i v e r e l a t i o n s h i p s , a r e then p u t i n t o a framework f o r numerical
solution. To p r o v i d e t h e , g r e a t e s t p o s s i b l e computational c a p a b i l it y and
m a i n t a i n t h e e f f i c i e n t use o f computing f a c i l i t i e s , t h e COBRA-IV code con-
t a i n s two numerical methods. One i s an i m p l i c i t technique s i m i l a r t o
t h a t used i n COBRA-IIIC; t h e o t h e r , an e x p l i c i t method, i s new. Both
a l g o r i t h m s have an i m p o r t a n t f u n c t i o n and, i n general, t h e i m p l i c i t scheme i s
used f o r s t e a d y - s t a t e and slow t r a n s i e n t s i m u l a t i o n . The e x p l i c i t method
i s used f o r t r a n s i e n t s where f l o w s a r e expected t o r e v e r s e d i r e c t i o n .
The f o l l o w i n g d e s c r i p t i o n s o f t h e a p p l i e d c o n s e r v a t i o n equations and

n u m e r i c a l ' s o l u t i o n a l g o r i t h m s c e n t e r on t h e d e s c r i p t i o n o f a d d i t i o n s and
changes t h a t have been made t o COBRA-IIIC. Therefore, many d e t a i l s o f t h e
d e . r i v a t i o n s have been omitted; however, p e r t i n e n t r e s u l t s a r e summarized
i n a l l instances.
3.1 BASIC EQUATIONS
The b a s i c equations o f t h e mathematical model a r e d e r i v e d by a p p l y i n g

t h e general equations o f c o n t i n u i t y , energy, and momentum t o a subchannel
c o n t r o l volume. These equations were d e r i v e d by s owe" ) f o r subchannels i n
COBRA-IIIC and a r e a l s o a p p l i e d i n t h e p r e s e n t t r e a t m e n t . The equations
are:
Continuity
ap
A - am + [DC] Tw = O
+ -
at ax
Energy
A x i a l Momentum
-am amu T u* w + A -a=P F

a+ t- + [ D Cax] ax
Transverse Momentum
* av w
aw
- au w [DC] P = c
dt ax ay
I n t h e above equations [DC] i s a m a t r i x o p e r a t o r which performs t h e

l a t e r a l f i n i t e d i f f e r e n c e o p e r a t i o n . [ D C ] ~ i s t h e transpose o f [DC] and
performs a summing o p e r a t i o n i n s t e a d o f d i f f e r e n c i n g , ' F i s the a x i a l
f r i c t i o n and g r a v i t y f o r c e , c i s t h e l a t e r a l f r i c t i o n . f o r c e , and q ' i s
t h e h e a t t r a n s f e r from a l l sources.
he balance equations a r e n o t cornpl e t e w i t h o u t enumerati ng t h e r e s t r i c -

t i o n s and approximations t h a t were made i n t h e i r d e r i v a t i o n . It i s
impractical t o ii s t a1 1 approximations t h a t have been made t o " t h e most
g e n e r a l " balance laws; however, i t i s d e s i r a b l e t o p r o v i d e r e l e v a n t
1 i m S t a t i o n s f o r those who use t h e COBRA code. Table 1 p r o v i d e s a d e s c r i p -
t i o n o f t h e more i m p o r t a n t assumptions and r e s t r i c t i o n s t h a t have been
i n t r o d u c e d and c i t e s 1 ) t h e corresponding equations where t h e y were made
and 2 ) t h e terms and/or r e s t r i c t i o n s i n simul'ation c a p a b i l i t y t h a t a r e
in v o l ved.
I n a d d i t i o n t o t h e c o n s e r v a t i o n equations, i t i s necessary t o s p e c i f y
f l u i d p r o p e r t i e s and c o n s t i t u t i v e equations t o form a c l o s e d s e t o f equa-
t i o n s f o r so!ution. I n COBRA, s p e c i f i c a t i o n s a r e r e q u i r e d f o r a x i a l and
l a t e r a l f r i c t i o n o r form losses, heat t r a n s f e r c o e f f i c i e n t s , c o e f f i c i e n t s
f o r t u r b u l e n t exchange, s l i p r a t i o , and an e q u a t i o n o f s t a t e f o r an
incompressible, b u t t h e r m a l l y expanding f l u i d . T h i s i.s w r i t t e n as:
where P* = r e f e r e n c e pressure.
T
'[Dc] and [ D C ] ~ r e p l a c e t h e n o t a t i o n [S] and [S] i n Reference 1.
TABLE 1. Major Assumptions and R e s t r i c t i o n s
Assumption o r R e s t r i c t i o n Equations I n v o l v e d Effects
Common t o b o t h numerical a l g o r i t h m s :
Thermalequilibrium . Requires equal phase temperatures

Geometry c o n s t a n t i n t i m e R e s t r i c t s problems t h a t can be
addressed
L a t e r a l t u r b u l e n c e model based on
equal mass exchange =
W;j ji
No t u r b u l e n t m i x i n g between a x i q l nodes u' = 0

F l u i d properties are a function o f h Thermal expansion i s i n c l u d e d
and t h e r e f e r e n c e p r e s s u r e b u t compressi b i 1it y (due t o
l o c a l pressure changes) i s n o t
6 p / 6 t n e g l e c t e d i n t h e energy e q u a t i o n
N e g l i g i b l e heat generation w i t h i n the
fluid
Changes i n k i n e t i c energy assumed
small
Energy
Energy
Energy
I.I No s o n i c p r o p o g a t i o n
Only mechanisms f o r i n t e r n a l
energy change a r e heat t r a n s f e r ,
convection, -and t u r b u l e n t
Neglect viscous d i s s i p a t i o n
N e g l e c t work a g a i n s t t h e g r a v i t y f i e l d
Gravitational acceleration i s the only
'body f o r c e
Energy
Energy
.
Momentum
I mixing
Electromagnetic f o r c e s n o t
considered
Transverse body f o r c e .neglected Transverse momentum No l a t e r a l buoyancy e f f e c t s
( r e s t r i c t s o n l y when flow
channel n o t v e r t i c a l )
Neglect surface tension contributions Momentum Requires equal phase pressures
F l u i d drag f o r c e s represented by w a l l Momentum F l u i d - f l u i d shear n e g l e c t e d
f r i c t i o n and form drag ( t u r b u l e n t momentum exchange i s
modeled, however)
~ e g l e c ttwo o f t h e s i x terms i n t h e ~ r a n s v e r s emomentum A1 lows a r b i t r a r y l a t e r a l
t r a n s v e r s e momentum e q u a t i o n (see coup1 i n g o f channels ~
Appendix C f o r c l a r i f i c a t i o n )
Flow area v a r i e s l i n e a r l y between No s t e p area changes
axial locations
For t h e e x p l i c i t method:
Homogeneous f l u i d Momentum and energy Equal phase v e l o c i t i e s , i.e.,
u = U,
9
vg = v1
Courant r e s t r i c t i o n Maximum t i m e s t e p l i m i t e d t n
At (Ax/u
For t h e i m p l i c i t method:
S p e c i f i e d a x i a l s l i p i s an o p t i o n ; Momentum and energy ugf U1' Vg = V1
however, t r a n s v e r s e s l i p i s n e g l e c t e d
No r e v e r s e ' f 1ow A1 1 Stability
3.2 IMPLICIT NUMERICAL SOLUTION
The i m p l i c i t s o l u t i o n scheme i s v e r y s i m i l a r t o t h a t used i n COBRA-IIIC.

The equations o f change a r e s o l v e d u s i n g lumped parameter f i n i t e d i f f e r e n c e
techniques. I n t h e p r e s e n t t r e a t m e n t two new o p e r a t o r s have been added, [S]
and [ D W ] ~ . The [S] -
o p e r a t o r i s s i m i l a r t o [DC] except t h a t [S] i s t h e sum
o f two v a r i a b l e s i n s t e a d o f t h e d i f f e r e n c e . The [DW]' o p e r a t o r performs
T T
t h e same f u n c t i o n as [DC] except t h a t , where [DC] o r d e r s subchannels by
'
-r
t h e i r connections, [DW] o r d e r s subchannels and t h e r m a l l y conducting w a l l s

by t h e i r connections. T h i s ' o p e r a t o r i s necessary s i n c e COBRA- I V - I i s capable
o f t r a n s f e r r i n g energy between subchannels on o p p o s i t e s i d e s o f a t h e r m a l l y -
Since t h e f i n i t e d i f f e r e n c e f o r m u l a t i o n s o f COBRA-IV-I d i f f e r b u t
s l i g h t l y f r o m those g i v e n i n ~ e f e r e n c e1, t h e new f o r m u l a t i o n s a r e o n l y
s u m a r i zed here.
Continuity
Energy
Coolant Energy Equation
A'; (hj - -h . ) m
j-1
( h . - hj-,) T T
At
J + Ax + [DC] h P j - hj [DC] w j
The u n d e r l i n e d terms i n e q u a t i o n ( 7 ) r e p r e s e n t a d d i t i , o n a l modes of

h e a t t r a n s f e r which were n o t a v a i l a b l e i n COBRA-IIIC. The f i r s t under-
l i n e d t e r m accounts f o r energy t r a n s p o r t between t h e c o o l a n t and a
thermally-conducting w a l l . The second r e p r e s e n t s a x i a l conduction i n t h e
f l u i d which i s discussed i n S e c t i o n 4.3.
Ax i a 1 Moment um
Differences in the derived axial momentum equation are the result of

A different algebraic manipulations of the basic equation. .
The new form is:
where
J J
Using equation (6) and the following definitions and identities,
equation (8) becomes :

Transverse Momentum
The transverse momentum equation i s the same as that in COBRA-IIIC;
however, the aVyW term in equation ( 4 ) has been approximated and the approxi-
7
mation may be used as an option. The transverse I I I U I I I ~ ~ ~ ~ equdtiorl
~UIII is
As was done in COBRA-IIIC,. equations ( 9 ) and (10) are combined as the

resulting s e t of equations i s solvedfor the crossfldw w. Us.ing the matrix
notation of Reference 1 , equation ( 9 ) i s written as
where F . consists of the terms contained inside the { I , and R j contains the
J
terms inside the [I in equation ( 9 ) .
Equation (1 0) i s rearranged and written as
[DC] {Pj-1 1 = [RP] {wl + {FP}
where r 1
and
't
Using equation (1 1 ) , the pressure difference between subchannel s at el eva-
tion j-1 can be written as .
[Dcl {Pj-l} ' [DCI {P.}

J - [DC] {F} Ax - [DC] [Rj] {wj} Ax
Combining equation (15) wit'h (12) results in the set of simultaneous equa-
tions of the form
where
[mj] = [DC] [R~] Axt [RP]
and
{bj} = [DC] {Pj - F AX} - {FP}
To save storage, the coefficient matrix [m] of equation (16) is stored in

a compressed form and the set of equations is solved by a Gauss-Seidel
iteration scheme. The Gauss-Seidel method is an added internal iteration at
each axial level and should not be confused with the external iteration
scheme used in solving the imp1 icit boundary value problem.
3.3 EXPLICIT NUMERICAL SOLUTION

As an alternate to the implicit solution scheme for calculating tran-
sients, a new explicit solution scheme has been developed. The explicit
scheme allows the calculation of transients such as flow reversals,
a t.innq, snd expul sion and reentry f1 ows , with e i the)- a11 i 1 1 1e l
reci rr.111
12
flow or pressure drop boundary condition specified.
The method i s an extension of e a r l i e r pressure-velocity solution
methods, such as MAC;") the main departure i s the incorporation of an
implicit energy equation rather than the e x p l i c i t equation. This was
necessary to properly account f o r masslenergy transport across computa-
tional c e l l s when 1arge density gradients e x i s t .
In the e x p l i c i t solution scheme, the basic conservation equations
a r e written f o r the computational c e l l s i l l u s t r a t e d in Figure 1 . These
equations are:
Continuity (Impl i c i t )
Encrgy ( Impl i ci t )
Axial Momentum (Impl i c i t in pressure)
Lateral Momentum ( I m p l i c i t in pressure)
The term, E in equation (19) represents the error in curil;ir~uity

j'
caused by incorrect flows. The miscellaneous e x p l i c i t terms in equa-
tions (20) through ( 2 2 ) a r e not important in the derivation and have thus
been lumped into the variables Q , M and W , respectively. The s t a r super-
s c r i p t i n the enthalpy in equation (20) indicates the quantity i s convected
by the associated flow.
In a d d i t i o n , an equation o f stat.e relating density t n cnthalpy ( o r
internal energy) and the reference pressure i s defined.
, MASS - ENERGY
A X I A L MOMENTUM
L A T E R A L MOMENTUM
2,
FIGURE 1. C o n s e r v a t i o n C e l l s f o r Mass, Energy,

and Momentum
The following equation i s derived from the energy equation (20) using
equations (19) and (23).
I
In t h i s case, E . represents the volume d i l a t i o n or volumetric e r r o r which
J
i s t o be corrected by pressure adjustment. The time derivative i s absent
because an Eulerian c e l l does n o t change i t s volume.
To form the pressure correction equation, the momentum equations (21)
and ( 2 2 ) can be substituted f o r the flows in equation (24). The derivative
of the r e s u l t with respect t o c e l l pressure i s
The solution i s accomplished by the point relaxation method where

the pressure i s adjusted by means of equation (25) in each computational
c e l l t o bring the volumetric d i l a t i o n , E;, t o zero.
"
A computational cycle begins with the e x p l i c i t calculation of tenta-

t i v e flows with the momentum equations (21 ) and (22) using e i t h e r an i n i t i a l
guess f o r pressure or values from the previous cycle. I n i t i a l guesses f o r
flows and pressures to be adjusted t o t h e i r final values i n ' the i t e r a t i o n s
t o fo1 l ~ wa r e now available.
The f i r s t step in the i t e r a t i o n i s the calculation of the c e l l
volume -e r r o r , the d i l a t i o n derivative, and any other required quantities
from the i n i t i a l guesses o r l a s t i t e r a t e values of the main v a r i a h l ~ s .
The amount of pressure change i s calculated from equations ( 2 4 ) and (25)
T h i s p r e s s u r e change i s employed t o c a l c u l a t e i n c r e m e n t a l changes i n flows
and ' c r o s s f l o w s by use o f d e r i v a t i v e s o f e q u a t i o n s (21 ) and ( 2 4 ) , r e s p e c t i v e l y .
The l a s t s t e p i s t h e c a l c u l a t i o n o f a new s p e c i f i c volume w i t h e q u a t i o n ( 1 9 )
and a new e n t h a l p y w i t h e q u a t i o n ( 2 3 ) . The i t e r a t i o n i s t e r m i n a t e d when
I
the d i l a t i o n , E i s s u f f i c i e n t l y small.
j '
T H I S PAGE
WASINTENTIONALLY
L E F T BLANK
4.0 THERMAL TRANSPORT
\
I n ^ a d d i t i o n t o t h e thermal t r a n s p o r t mechanisms a v a i 1a b l e i n COBRA-I II C Y
t h r e e new models have been added t o C O B R A - I V - I . These c o n s i s t o f :
'r 1. a new f u e l r o d model i n which t h e e f f e c t s o f a x i a l conduction

and v a r i a b l e thermal c o n d u c t i v i t y a r e included;
2. an a x i a l thermal conduction model i n t h e c o o l a n t ; and
3. a w a l l heat conduction model which a l l o w s f o r energy t r a n s p o r t

between channels on o p p o s i t e s i d e s o f a t h e r m a l l y - c o n d u c t i n g w a l l .
4.1 FUEL ROD HEAT TRANSFER
The f u e l r o d h e a t t r a n s f e r model i n COBRA a l l o w s t h e computation of

t h e r o d surface heat f l u x e s and i n t e r n a l temperature d i s t r i b u t i o n s based
on t h e heat g e n e r a t i o n i n t h e f u e l and t h e s u r f a c e h e a t t r a n s f e r c o e f f i c i e n t .
The heat t r a n s f e r model and s o l u t i o n method i n COBRA-IV-I have changed

s i g n i f i c a n t l y from those used i n COBRA-IIIC. The p r i m a r y improvement t o t h e
model i s t h e i n c l u s i o n o f a x i a l conduction and t h e temperature dependence
of f u e l thermal c o n d u c t i v i t y ; t h i s i n c l u s i o n p r o v i d e s g r e a t e r d e t a i l and
a l l o w s c o n s i d e r a t i o n o f a w i d e r c l a s s o f problems. Circumferential heat
conduction i s i g n o r e d t o m a i n t a i n a reasonable number of f u e l nodes. This
assumption can be j u s t i f i e d i f t h e h e a t t r a n s f e r c o e f f i c i e n t s and f l u i d
temperature d i s t r i b u t i o n around a f u e l r o d a r e r a t h e r u n i f o r m .
The method o f s o l u t i o n has a l s o been changed t o t h e Method o f Weighted

Residuals (MWR) as a replacement t o t h e f i n i t e d i f f e r e n c e scheme i n t h e
r a d i a l d i r e c t i o n . (4'5) F i n i t e d i f f e r e n c e i s s t i 11 used f o r t i m e d e r i v a -
t i v e s and a x i a l space d e r i v a t i v e s . I n MWR, orthogonal c o l Tocation i s
employed t o determine t h e form o f t h e approximate polynomial s o l u t i o n . MWR
a f f o r d s a h i g h e r o r d e r o f accuracy by u s i n g t h e r o o t s o f orthogonal p o l y -
nomials as t h e nodal p o s i t i o n s where t h e s o l u t i o n i s evaluated. Computer
C
storage i s reduced by a f a c t o r of two w i t h t h i s method w h i l e t h e accuracy
o f conventional f i n i t e d i f f e r e n c e schemes and s i m i l a r computing times i s
!L.
maintained.
The heat conduction model i n C O B R A - I V i s d e r i v e d from t h e two-dimensional
h e a t conduction e q u a t i o n w i t h temperature dependent thermal c o n d u c t i v i t y .
T h i s e q u a t i o n i s w r i t t e n below f o r b o t h p l a n a r and c y l i n d r i c a l geometry w i t h
t h e r a d i a l c o o r d i n a t e nondimensionalized u s i n g t h e r e l a t i o n s h i p r = r l / R
( r ' = r a d i a l c o o r d i n a t e and R = f u e l r a d i u s ) :
a = 1 Planar
a = 2 Cylindrical
Equation (27) i s reduced t o a l i n e a r p a r t i a l d i f f e r e n t i a l e q u a t i o n by

I n t r o d u c i n g a new temperature r e l a t e d t o T by K i r c h o f f l s t r a n s f o r m a t i o n :
7
(KO = c o n d u c t i v i t y a t r e f e r e n c e temperature To)

-
The temperature dependence o f t h e f u e l thermal c o n d u c t i v i t y i s s u p p l i e d
by a u s e r - s p e c i f i e d polynomial approximation. Making t h i s s u b s t i t u t i o n f o r
t h e r a d i a l and t i m e c o o r d i n a t e s produces t h e transformed e q u a t i o n :
which i s s o l v e d n u m e r i c a l l y i n COBRA-IV by a combination of techniques.
F i r s t , t h e r a d i a l c o o r d i n a t e i s approximated by t h e orthogonal c o l l o c a -
t i o n method o f weighted r e s i d u a l s . I n t h i s method a polynomial expansion
o f t h e dependent v a r i a b l e i s s u b s t i t u t e d i n t o t h e d i f f e r e n t i a l e q u a t i o n and
solved a t N c o l l o c a t i o n points. I n t h e p r e s e n t a p p l i c a t i o n , a symmetric
polynomial i s used:
where di a r e t h e unknown c o e f f i c i e n t s o f t h e expansion.

E v a l u a t i n g t h i s polynomia! a t t h e N c o l l o c a t i o n p o i n t s d e f i n e d by
~i
n l ayson(4) g i v e s
or, i n m a t r i x notation,
where
From e q u a t i o n (31 ) , t h e f i r s t d e r i v a t i v e and .Laplacian a r e evaluated

giving:
and 1
1
which,, w r i t t e n i n m a t r i x n o t a t i o n w i t h { d l r e p l a c e d by [Q]- { e l , gives
v2{ e l = [ ~ l [ ~ l - ' { e l= [ B l i e l
where
dr2i-2
Cji -- dr /rj and Dji = V,2 ( r 2 i - Z j
P Thus, t h e r a d i a l c o o r d i n a t e i s represented by t h e orthogonal c o l l o c a t i o n

approximation t o t h e L a p l a c i a n ( 3 5 ) . A d d i t i o n a l terms i n e q u a t i o n (29)
a r e approximated by c o n v e n t i o n a l f i n i t e d i f f e r e n c e tect-iniques with a
f u l l y imp1 i c i t t i m e d e r i v a t i v e and a f u l l y e x p l i c i t a x i a l d e r i v a t i v e .
The f i n a l equation, which i s a p p l i e d a t t h e N-1 i n t e r i o r c o l l o c a t i o n

p o i n t s w i t h i n t h e f u e l , i s g i v e n below. The i m p l i c i t terms have been
grouped on t h e l e f t and t h e e x p l i c i t terms a r e on t h e ' r i g h t :
Fuel I n t e r i o r ( i = 1 t o N-1)
where n denotes p r e v i o u s time, R+l and R-1,denote a d j a c e n t a x i a l l e v e l s ,

and Ki i s K(T) a t r a d i a l p o s i t i o n i.
The boundary c o n d i t i o n s a t t h e f u e l and c l a d surfaces, N and N+1,

r e s p e c t i v e l y , a r e handled by a lumped parameter technique s i m i l a r t o t h a t
used i n COBRA-IIIC. The t i m e and a x i a l d e r i v a t i v e s a r e approximated by
conventional f i n i t e differencing, whereas t h e r a d i a l d e r i v a t i v e i s a p p r o x i -
mated u s i n g t h e orthogonal c o l 1o c a t i o n e q u a t i o n ( 3 4 ) .
Fuel Surface ( i = N)
- 1 - -+ -1 t c l ad
H h I(,
gap gap clad
Clad Surface ( i = N+1)
H CR*
+ S!JL-- (T/+I -; : IT 1 - -H s u r f n+l
( T ~ + l' T f l u i d 1
t c l ad . , tclad
The s e t o f equations (36, 37, and 38) d e f i n i n g t h e d i f f e r e n t i a l e q u a t i o n

and boundary c o n d i t i o n s i s s o l v e d by an i t e r a t i v e procedure. The tempera-.
t u r e s Ti+' and Ti:; appearing i n t h e equations a r e e v a l u a t e d v i a an i t e r a t i v e
Newton-Raphson technique:
where A denotes t h e p r e v i o u s i t e r a t i o n v a l u e , G i s d e f i n e d by e q u a t i o n ( 2 8 ) ,
and G ' i s t h e d e r i v a t i v e . o f G w i t h r e s p e c t t o T. The term c o n t a i n i n g 8 is
j
s u b s t i t u t e d on t h e i m p l i c i t s i d e o f t h e boundary equations w i t h t h e o t h e r
two terms e v a l u a t e d e x p l i c i t l y f r o m t h e p r e v i o u s i t e r a t i o n s o l u t i o n . Once
t h e 8 s o l u t i o n i s determined, an i n v e r s e t r a n s f o r m a t i o n i s performed t o
o b t a i n t h e t r u e temperature s o l u t i o n .
F i g u r e 2 shows t h e nodal p o s i t i o n s f o r a 2nd o r d e r a p p r o x i m a t i o n i n

a c y l i n d r i c a l rod. -Nodes i = 1 t o i = 3 a r e p o s i t i o n e d a t r o o t s o f t h e
s p e c i f i e d polynomial expansion w i t h node i = 4 a t t h e c l a d s u r f a c e .
*CR i s t h e f u e l - c l a d diameter r a t i o i n c y l i n d r i c a l geometry and equals 1.0 ,

h f o r p l a n a r geometry.
NODES FOR A 2nd ORDER
APPROXIMATION C Y L I N D R I C A L ROD
ROD RADIUS, R
CLADDING
FIGURE 2. Fuel Rod Noding Using

Ortliogorial Col 1ocd t-ioir
1
,4.2 HEAT TRANSFER THROUGH CONDUCTING WALLS
The model uses a s i n g l e node lumped parameter r e p r e s e n t a t i o n o f t h e

w a l l r e g i o n as shown i n - F i g u r e 3. The f i n i t e d i f f e r e n c e form o f energy
balance on t h e w a l l i s
where t h e temperature and thermal p r o p e r t i e s o f t h e w a l l a r e denoted by a

w subseri p t .
The e f f e c t i v e heat t r a n s f e r c o e f f i c i e n t s Ui and U . f o r subchannels i

.J
and j, r e s p e c t i v e l y , a r e d e f i n e d by t h e expression I
where
hk = t h e subchannel s u r f a c e heat t r a n s f e r c o e f f i c i e n t as c a l c u l a t e d
C
by s u b r o u t i n e s PROP o r HTCOR. /
-Ayk
- - an i n p u t heat conduction parameter
kw
( P C ~ A Y =) ~an i n p u t w a l l heat c a p a c i t y parameter

<
I n t h e i m p l i c i t scheme, e q u a t i o n ( 4 0 ) i s r e w r i t t e n i n t h e f o l l o w i n g
form
where ho and To a r e reference values.

\
C o n s i d e r i n g each w a l l t o be a non-flowing subchannel, e q u a t i o n ( 4 2 )

can be combined w i t h e q u a t i o n ( 7 ) . The r e s u l t i n g s e t o f e q u a t i o n s can b e
r e p r e s e n t e d by
W I DTH OF WALL
CONNECT! NG
SUBCHANNELS
i AND j
FIGURE 3. S i n g l e Node Model o f Conducting Wall
25
where
[A] = an LxL c o e f f i c i e n t m a t r i x composed o f a l l o f t h e terms on t h e

l e f t s i d e o f t h e equal s i g n i n equations (42) and ( 7 ) .
[ x ] = v e c t o r o f unknown w a l l temperatures and subchannel e n t h a l p i e s .
{ b ) = v e c t o r o f f o r c i n g f u n c t i o n s composed of t h e terms on t h e r i g h t
s i d e o f e q u a t i o n s (42) and ( 7 ) .
L = number of subchannels p l u s number o f w a l l connections.
I n t h e COBRA-IV-I code, e q u a t i o n ( 4 3 ) i s s o l v e d u s i n g a Gauss-Seidel

i t e r a t i o n procedure because, i n o r d e r t o reduce s t o r a g e requirements, [A]
i s s t o r e d i n a packed f o r m s i m i l a r t o t h a t used i n t h e c r o s s f l o w s o l u t i o n .
I n t h e e x p l i c i t scheme e q u a t i o n (43) i s w r i t t e n i n t h e form
The h e a t t r a n s f e r between t h e w a l l and t h e s u b c h a n n e 1 . i ~ i n c l u d e d i n

t h e lumped e x p l i c i t terms o f e q u a t i o n ( 2 0 ) .
4.3 COOLANT AXIAL CONDUCTION MODEL
The f i n i t e d i f f e r e n c e form o f t h e c o o l a n t a x i a l conduction model i s
T h i s term i s c a r r i e d e x p l i c i t l y . i n b o t h t h e i m p l i c i t and e x p l i c i t formula-

tions. I n t h e i m p l i c i t scheme, QA i s e v a l u a t e d u s i n g values o f T . and T
J j-1
from t h e p r e v i o u s e x t e r n a l i t e r a t i o n . I n t h e e x p l i c i t scheme t h e values o f
T . and 7' a r e from t h e p r e v i o u s t i m e step.
J .j-1
5.0 CONSTITUTIVE RELATIONSHIPS
I n addi t i on t o t h e c o n s e r v a t i o n laws s e v e r a l c o n s t i t u t i v e r e 1a t i on-

s h i p s must be s p e c i f i e d t o c l o s e t h e s e t o f equations t o be solved. These
r' e m p i r i c a l and semiempirical c o r r e l a t i o n s . d e f i n i n g such phenomena as t u r b u -
l e n t m i x i n g , f r i c t i o n a l l o s s e s , and two-phase f l o w have been r e t a i n e d as
i n t h e COBRA-IIIC code.
New c o r r e l a t i o n s have been added t o accommodate a broader range o f

a p p l i c a t i o n f o r t h e code. For example, t h e c a l c u l a t i o n o f f u e l r o d tempera-
t u r e s i n COBRA r e q u i r e s t h e s p e c i f i c a t i o n o f h e a t t r a n s f e r c o e f f i c i e n t s a t
the c l a d surface. To meet t h i s requirement f o r water c o o l e d r e a c t o r s , t h e
c o r r e l a t i o n s and b a s i c s e l e c t i o n l o g i c c o n t a i n e d i n t h e RELAP4 computer
pkogram(6) have been i n c o r p o r a t e d i n t o t h e COBRA- I V - I code.
S e l e c t i o n o f t h e a p p r o p r i a t e h e a t t r a n s f e r c o r r e l a t i o n i s based on,
several c r i t e r i a . The f i r s t i s an e v a l u a t i o n o f .the p h y s i c a l s t a t e o f t h e
f l u i d t o determine which regime o f heat t r a n s f e r i s o c c u r r i n g (e.g.,
forced convection, f i l m b o i l i n g , e t c . ) . The second i s t h e e v a l u a t i o n o f
t h e c r i t i c a l h e a t f l u x (CHF) and t h e c l a d temperature t h a t would e x i s t a t
t h i s h e a t f l u x t o determine whether t h e pre-CHF o r p o s t - C H F ' c o r r e l a t i o n s
are appropriate. The t h i r d c r i t e r i o n i s t h e comparison o f two o r more
calculated heat transfer c o e f f i c i e n t s t o s e l e c t the proper c o e f f i c i e n t i n
r e g i o n s where c o r r e l a t i o n s o v e r l a p .
Another a d d i t i o n t o COBRA i s t h e i n c l u s i o n o f a r o u t i n e t o c a l c u l a t e
t h e p r o p e r t i e s of superheated steam t o a l l o w c o n ~ p u t a t i o n so v e r d wider
range o f condi t i o n s .
The c o n s t i t u t i v e r e l a t i o n s h i p s used i n t h e program a r e d e s c r i b e d i n

more d e t a i l i n Appendix B.
T H I S PAGE
WAS INTENTIONALLY
LEFT BLANK
6.0 PROGRAM DESCR.IPTION
The o r g a n i z a t i o n o f COBRA-IVLI has changed s i g n i f i c a n t l y from t h a t o f

i t s predecessor, COBRA-IIIC, w i t h t h e a d d i t i o n o f many new s u b r o u t i n e s and
c a l c u l a t i o n a l procedures. The most s t r i k i n g d i f f e r e n c e i s t h e a d d i t i o n of
an e x p l i c i t s o l u t i o n scheme as an a l t e r n a t e t o t h e i m . p l i c i t s o l u t i o n scheme
r e t a i n e d from COBRA-IIIC. Also, much s t o r a g e compaction has been achieved
through o v e r l a p p i n g v a r i a b l e s t o r a g e techniques and use o f p e r i p h e r a l
s t o r a g e devices. improveds r u n n i n g t i m e has a1 so been achieved through
code o p t i m i z a t i o n and changes i n t h e b a s i c s o l u t i o n a l g o r i t h m . These
improved c a p a b i l i t i e s a r e discussed i n t h i s s e c t i o n .
6.1 ORGANIZATION
The o v e r a l l o r g a n i z a t i o n of t h e code can b e s t be d e s c r i b e d by t h e

f l o w c h a r t i n F i g u r e 4. F o l l o w i n g i n i t i a l i z i n g c a l c u l a t i o n s i n t h e main .
program, s u b r o u t i n e SETUP i s c a l l e d . SETUP reads t h e i n p u t , c a l c u l a t e s
subchannel v a r i a b l e s and s e t s up c o n n e c t i o n l o g i c d e f i n i n g t h e geometry o f
t h e subchannel a r r a y . The i n p u t i s then p r i n t e d i n a f o r m a t s i m i l a r t o
t h a t o f COBRA-IIIC.
A f t e r r e t u r n i n g t o t h e main program t h e code begins c a l c u l a t i o n s

a c c o r d i n g t o t h e u s e r - s e l e c t e d i m p l i c i t o r e x p l i c i t s o l u t i o n schemes. For
J most cases except a zero i n i t i a l f l o w t r a n s i e n t , t h e i m p l i c i t s o l u t i o n
scheme i s c a l l e d f i r s t t o c a l c u l a t e t h e i n i t i a l o r s t e a d y - s t a t e c o n d i t i o n s .
As i n COBRA-IIIC, s u b r o u t i n e SCHEME i s c a l l e d t o c a r r y o u t t h e i m p l i c i t
calculations. The o v e r a l l c a l c u l a t i o n a l procedures used f o r t h e i m p l i c i t
c a l c u l a t i o n s have been m a i n t a i n e d as i n COBRA-IIIC; however, t h e s o l u t i o n
a l g o r i t h m has changed from a m a t r i x i n v e r s i o n technique t o an i t e r a t i v e
procedure which g r e a t l y reduced t h e computer c o r e s t o r a g e requirements o f
COBRA-IV-I.
. a. The r e s u l t s o f t h e s t e a d y - s t a t e c a l c u l a t i o n s a r e p r i n t e d by s u b r o u t i n e
/
RESULT w i t h a f o r m a t s i m i l a r t o COBRA-IIIC, a f t e r which t h e t r a n s i e n t c a l c u -

l a t i o n s begin according t o the user-selected i m p l i c i t o r e x p l i c i t s o l u t i o n
*I"
schemes.
G (READ INPUT)
TRANS lENT
IMPLICIT TRANSIENT EXPLICITTRANSIENT
FIGURE 4. COBRA- IV- I Flow D i ayrdm
When performing e x p l i c i t transient calculations, subroutine XSCHEM i s

called. This new subroutine performs the c a l c ~ ~ l a t i o nwith
s e i t h e r an i n l e t
flow or pressure drop boundary condition, and can consider reverse flows
not possible with the implicit solution scheme.
The r e s u l t s a f t e r user-selected intervals are printcd in subroutine
RESULT with the calculations continuing until the end of the t r a n s i e n t . When I*
the calculations a r e completed, the solution i s saved on tape or d i s c f o r

subsequent processing i f desired.
A d e s c r i p t i o n o f t h e s u b r o u t i n e s used i n COBRA i s g i v e n i n Appendix A,
along w i t h flow c h a r t s o f t h e i m p l i c i t and e x p l i c i t s o l u t i o n schemes.
\
6.2 LARGE BUNDLE CAPABILITY
One ' o f t h e main o b j e c t i v e s o f t h e COBRA-IV developmental e f f o r t was

t o decrease, t h e computer c o r e s t o r a g e requirements and e x e c u t i o n t i m e o f
COBRA-IIIC i n o r d e r t o handle l a r g e bundles. T h i s has been accomplished
through t h e use o f a number o f s t o r a g e compaction schemes and code o p t i m i z a -
t i o n techniques, i n c l u d i n g : '
e l i m i n a t i o n o f t h e l a r g e t r i p l e - n e s t e d DO loops from COBRA-IIIC;
replacement o f - m a n y e x t e r n a l s u b r o u t i n e c a l l s w i t h more e f f i c i e n t
i n t e r n a l statement f u n c t i o n s ;
replacement o f t h e i m p l i c i t m a t r i x c r o s s f l o w s o l u t i o n w i t h an
i t e r a t i v e s o l uti'on;
an o p t i o n t o use p e r i p h e r a l s t o r a g e devices ( d i s c o r drum) t o

t e m p o r a r i l y s t o r e most o f t h e c a l c u l a t i o n a l v a r i a b l e s .
The f o l l o w i n g s e c t i o n s d e s c r i b e some o f t h e s p e c i f i c changes made t o

reduce s t o r a g e and r u n n i n g time.
6.2.1 A l l o c a t i o n and Compaction
Storage w i t h i n COBRA has been compacted s i g n i f i c a n t l y by u s i n g

EQUIVALENCE statements and by r e d u c i n g t h e s i z e o f m a t r i c e s c o n t a i n i n g a
s i g n i f i c a n t number o f zeros. Tables 2 and 3 summarize t h e present
EQUIVALENCE r e l a t i o n s h i p s used i n t h e main s t o r a g e area o f COBRA. They
are l i s t e d i n blocks since pprtions o f the core are o v e r w r i t t e n several
times w i t h v a r i a b l e s as r e q u i r e d d u r i n g i n p u t , e x e c u t i o n , and o u t p u t .
The f i r s t b l o c k i s used t o s t o r e i n p u t . Once i n p u t i s read and p r i n t e d ,

t h e DATIN v e c t o r i s w r i t t e n t o d i s c ( o r drum) t o ' b e saved f o r l a t e r use i f
1
+ needed. I n the secor~rlblock, v a r i a b l e s dimensioned i n t h e a x i a l d i r e c t i o n
a r e equivalenced t o a l a r g e v e c t o r SAVEAL. This vector i s also equival-
I -, enced i n Block 4 t o sA'VEA~, SAVEA2 and SAVEA3 which correspond t o t h e
spatial variables at axial positions J-1, J and J+1y respectively. SqVEAL
and the equivalenced variables in Block 4 are used to transfer the axially
dimensioned variables between core and disc (or drum) for large problems.
In the third block, arrays required for temporary variable storage are
equivalenced to Block 2 variables not required during intermediate calcula-
tions. A significant reduction in core storage requirements has been achieved
through this procedure.
One other type of equivalencing, not shown in Table 2, is the case where
doubly-dimensioned arrays are equival enced to singly-dirr~ens.ior~ed
variabl es
having the same definition as the doubly-dimensioned array. This procedure
significantly reduces the running time on a 'CDC-7600machine because much
of the arithmetic needed to locate the variable can be done outside of DO '
1 oops.
The layout of the common storage area LARGE 1 , which contains most of
the variables discussed in Table 2, is shown in Table 3.
TABLE 2. EQUIVALENCE R e l a t i o n s h i p s
BLOCK . K0.J IVALEIICE DESCRIPTION
OATItl(1) UB(I.~I)(') BLOCK 1

AC(1) DATItI(1) l n o u t Data
P'd(1 ) SIUU(I ,61 )
PH(1) AP(1,61) Oimensioned by Channels (MC)
DC(1) QPRIM(1) : 4 ~ ( ~= ) 18
1 DR(1) )I(' !
-
Dimensioned by Rods
MR 7
HINLET(L) VPA(1)
Oimensioned by Channels
FINLET(1) VISC(1)
RC = 18
TItILET(1) VISW(1)
LC(I.1) HFILM(1) Olmemioned by Channels

GAPS(] . I ) PERIM(1) and 4 Connections
DIST(l.1) F(I.4) (18 x 4 )
'U(1.1) SAVEAL(1)
UOLD(1 , I ) SAFEAL(Z5) BLOCK 2
BETA(1 .I) SAFEAL(49) ' A x i a l l y Dependent
BSAVE(1 . I ) SAVEAL(73) Variables
Oimensioned by Gaps (MG)

GdP(I.1) SAVEAL(I2I) MG = 24
TRF(1 . I ) SAVEAL(I45)
..........................................................
TWALL(1 ,I) SAVEAL(169) Dimensioned by Wall
TWOLO(1 ,I) SAVEAL(172) C"nectiOns
n ' A = 3 (") .
.................................. o.----.---
imensionea by Rods
---- --------
TROD(1 .I, I ) SAVEAL(265) and Fuel Nodes (MN = 6 )
.-.-.-------------------------------
I6~~~!s1~1~!0!---~~---
SAVEAL(373)
SAVCiIL( 331 )
SAVEAL( 409)
SAVEAL(427)
SAVEAL(445)
S A V E A L ( J ~ ~ ) Oimensioned by Channels
SAVEAL(48I ) MC = 18
SAVEAL( 499)
SAVEAL(517)
SAVEAL(535)
SAVEAL(553)
SAVEAL(571)
SAVFAI.(SRq)
(I) For l o c a t i o n i n Comnon Storage Area see Block 2 and Table 3.

(2) See Program SPECSET (Appendix 0 ) f o r d e s c r i p t i o n o f dimensioning
oarameters.
TABLE 2: Continued
BLOCK EQUIVALEPICE OESCRIPTION

--
BETA(l.1)
BSAVE(l.1)
PSI(1.1)
PSI(1.1)
TRF(l.1)
CHFR(1 .I)
P(1.1)
STUW(1 ,I)
BSAVE(l.2)
STUW(1.2)
BSAVE(l.3) BLOCK 3
3Tud(l,3) Tal~uur.ary Vat ~alrlc Stoi.ouc
VISC(1)
VISCH(1) (In order as variables are
vrzcwll~ 5torcd in GOMMOtl, see
Table 3)
CON(1)
CON(1)
CP( I J
CP(1)
FSP(1)
FSP(1)
FSP(1)
FSP(1)
FSP(1)
WP(1)
UP(1)
WP(1)
WP(1)
dAA(1.l)
SAVEAl(1) SAVEAL(1) BLOCK 4

SLVEA2(1) SAVEAL(SU7) S A V ~ A Lhtoraqe variaoles
4 SAVEA3(1) SAVEAL(1213) Used to storeaxial infor-
5~VcRES(1) 'sAVEA2(1) mation a t the J-1. J and
J+1 axial levels.
I UBLk 3 . S t o r a g e L o c a t l o n o f EQUIVALENCE Vdr-idbl es
Common / LARGE 1 / S A V E A L ( ~ ~ ~) ~QPRIM(18),

~ ) , V(18), VPA(18), VISC(18),
v I S ~ ( 1 8 ) , HFILM(18), CON(18), CP(18), ~ 3 ~ ( ' 1 8P)E,R I M ( 1 8 ) ,
HPERIM(18), WP(24), AAA(7,24)
Number A x i a l L e v e l s (MX) = 61 Number Gap Connections (MG) a 24

Numher Channels (MC) = 1 8 Geometry, Square A r r a y (MO) = 7
(1) The s i z e o f SAVEAL i s computed as t h e number o f s t o r a g e l o c a t i o n s

needed t o accommodate a l l e q u i v a l e n c e d v a r i a b l e s ( W t h r o u g h AP) a t
one a x i a l l e v e l ( 6 0 6 ) , t i m e s t h e t o t a l number o f A x i a l L e v e l s ( 6 1 ) .
6.2.2 I t e r a t i v e Solution
Another s i g n i f i c a n t compaction o f s t o r a g e i s t h e r e d u c t i o n o f t h e
c r o s s f l o w c o e f f i c i e n t m a t r i x AAA(K,K) t o an e q u i v a l e n t AAA(L,K) matrix,
where K i s t h e number of gap connections and L i s e i t h e r 7 f o r square
&. a r r a y s o r 5 f o r hexagonal a r r a y s . . This was made p o s s i b l e by r e p l a c i n g t h e
m a t r i x ~ s o l u t i o na l g o r i t h m w i t h an i t e r a t i v e s o l u t i o n technique. Any row o f
AAA has no more than 7 nonzero elements. The diagonal elements AAA(K, K)
a r e t r a n s f e r r e d t o AAA(1,l) and succeeding nonzero v a l ues f i11 i n rows 2
through 7 by u s i n g t h e gap l o c a t i o n a r r a y LOCA.
The a r r a y LOCAY dimensioned as LOCA(L+1 ,K), i s ,used t o s t o r e gap

connection i n f o r m a t i o n . The f i r s t row, LOCA(1 ,K), i s t h e gap number K.
The . n e x t rows, LOCA(2,K) through LOCA(L, K) , g i v e t h e a d j a c e n t gap numbers.
The l a s t row, LOCA(L+l ,K), g i v e s t h e number o f gaps a d j a c e n t t o gap k; o r ,
i n terms o f t h e a r r a y , i t g i v e s t h e number o f nonzero elements i n LOCA(1 ,K)
through LOCA(L,K) f o r each K. The s t o r a g e savings r e s u l t i n g from t h i s
technique can be a p p r e c i a t e d when i t i s r e a l i z e d t h a t t h e s t o r a g e r e q u i r e -
ments f o r AAA a r e reduced from 419,90410 t o 324010 f o r a f u l l 217-pin
LMFBR bundl e.
6.2.3 E x t e r n a l Devices
The u s e r has t h e o p t i o n o f " r o l l i n g " a x i a l l y dimensioned v a r i a b l e s

between c o r e and d i s c ( o r drum) as t h e i t e r a t i o n procedure s u c c e s s i v e l y
sweeps t h e channel. T h i s i s r e q u i r e d f o r l a r g e problems t o keep c o r e
s t o r a g e w i t h i i p r e s e n t machine capabi 1 ity. The r o l l i n g .procedure i s
accomplished by u s i n g twe s t o r a g e devices. One dise i s read for. p r e v i o u s
i t e r a t e i n f o r m a t i o n w h i l e updated i n f o r m a t i o n i s w r i t t e n t o t h e o t h e r . The
i n p u t / o u t p u t i d e n t i f i c a t i o n i s then swapped f o r t h e n e x t i t e r a t i o n . The
same d i s c s used t o s t o r e t h e f i r s t r e c o r d a r e used f o r DATIN a r r a y storage.
6.3 USER CONVENIENCE FEATURES'
Several user-re1 a t e d f e a t u r e s have been added t o COBRA, which simp1 if y

t h e o p e r a t i o n and h a n d l i n g o f t h e code. Several o f these a r e discussed
here.
6.3.1 Dump and R e s t a r t O p t i o n
A problem "dump and r e s t a r t " o p t i o n i n c o r p o r a t e d i n COBRA-IV-I a l l o w s

t h e c a l c u l a t e d s o l u t i o n t o be saved (dumped) and r e t r i e v e d ( r e s t a r t e d ) .
T h i s o p t i o n can be used e i t h e r t o c o n t i n u e c a l c u l a t i o n s on a s o l u t i o n o r t o
use a p r e v i o u s s o l u t i o n as an i n t i t i a l guess i n a new c a l c u l a t i o n .
I
T h i s o p t i o n i s v a l u a b l e when performing p a r a m e t r i c s t u d i e s because i t '
g r e a t l y reduces t h e number of c a l c u l a t i o n s f o r subsequent runs. Many types
o f r e s t a r t s a r e p o s s i b l e ; however, t h e bundle geometry must be t h e same
between t h e saved and r e s t a r t e d run. The r e s t a r t o p t i o n s a r e i l l u s t r a t e d
i n t h e d i s c u s s i o n o f s u b r o u t i n e RESTRT i n Appendix A.
Program SPECSET - Code Redimensioning Program
To m i n i m i z e t h e computer c o r e s t o r a g e requirements of COBRA, an a u x i l -

i a r y program was developed t o redimension t h e code. Program SPECSET performs
t h i s f u n c t i o n by r e d e f i n i n g t h e dimension statements used by t h e code.
I n p u t t o SPECSET d e f i n e s t h e maximum problem s i z e and d e s i r e d code o p t i o n s
used i n d e t e r m i n i n g t h e s i z e of COBRA'S dimensioned a r r a y s . SPECSET
. generates c a r d images o f COBRA's,common b l o c k s and dimension statements and
a1 so c a l c u l a t e s t h e necessary parameters f o r a compl ete set o f equl v a l ence
statements c o n s i s t e n t w i t h t h e new dimensions. The program i s d e s c r i b e d i n
d e t a i l i n Appendix D.
6.3.3 Program GEOM - Code I n p u t Generation
The a u x i l i a r y program GEOM c a l c u l a t e s COBRA i n p u t f o r hexagonajl r o d

bundles. I n p u t t o t h e prog'ram d e f i n i n g t h e bundle geometry i s used t o
generate cards o r c a r d images o f a m a j o r i t y o f t h e r e q u i r e d COBRA i n p u t .
The subchannel and r o d l a y o u t s (Groups 4 and 8 ) and t h e w i r e wrap informa-
t i o n (Group 7 ) a r e a l l c a l c u l a t e d by t h e GEOM r o u t i n e . An o p t l o n i n COBRA
a l l o w s t h i s i n p u t t o be r e a d from an a1 t e r n a t e d e v i c e on which t h e GEOM
o u t p u t may be s t o r e d . A d e s c r i p t i o n o f t h e program and t h e i n p u t . i n s t r u c -
t i o n s a r e g i v e n i n Appendix E.
6.4 MACHINE REQUIREMENTS
The machine s i z e r e q u i r e m e n t s f o r COBRA a r e problem-dependent due t o

t h e code r e d i m e n s i o n i n g and p e r i p h e r a l s t o r a g e o p t i o n s a v a i l a b l e . The code
has been s e t up and r u n on CDC-6000 and 7000 machines u s i n g FORTRAN-IV.
The c e n t r a l memory r e q u i r e m e n t f o r t h e p u b l i s h e d v e r s i o n i s
ZOZ,0008 words. I n addition, peripheral devices are required f o r input,
o u t p u t and f o u r s c r a t c h u n i t s . The l a r g e s t v e r s i o n o f t h e code executed
t o d a t e was dimensioned f o r a f u l l 217-pin wire-wrapped b u n d l e r e q u i r i n g
2 7 5 ~ 0 0 0words
~ o f c e n t r a l memory. The code i s a l s o s e t up t o u t i l i z e l a r g e
- c o r e memory (LCM) on CDC-7600 machines so t h a t c e n t r a l memory r e q u i r e m e n t s
do n o t r e p r e s e n t a p r a c t i c a l l i m i t t o problem s i z e .
THIS PAGE
WAS INTENTIONALLY
LEFT BLANK
7.0 COBRA INPUT DESCRIPTION .
The COBRA-IV-I i n p u t has expanded t o accommodate t h e increased capa-

b i l i t i e s and o p t i o n s i n t h e code. An a t t e m p t was made t o make I I I C i n p u t
d e c k s ' c o m p a t i b l e w i t h COBRA-IV-I; i n most instances, a few c a r d changes w i l l
. s u f f i c e i n c o n v e r t i n g II I C decks.
The i n p u t i n s t r u c t i o n s i n t h i s s e c t i o n a r e ordered as t h e i n p u t i s
encountered by t h e code. An i d e n t i f y i n g l a b e l i s assigned t o each d a t a c a r d
o r c a r d t y p e ( i f m u l t i p l e cards r e a d ) . A l i s t o f t h e v a r i a b l e s and t h e
format under which t h e y a r e read f o l l o w s . The l a b e l i s composed o f t h e
name o f t h e s u b r o u t i n e where t h e read takes p l a c e and t h e r e l a t i v e o r d e r o f
occurrence i n t h a t subroutine, (e.g., COBRA.l). 0ptional:data are included
i n t h e o r d e r t h e y a r e encountered, w i t h t h e c r i t e r i o n f o r i n c l u s i o n i n t o t h e
d a t a deck s t a t e d i n t h e d e s c r i p t i o n .
Beginning w i t h c a r d l a b e l SETUP.1, t h e d a t a a r e c l u s t e r e d i n t o 12 groups

s i m i l a r t o t h e I I I C groups. Each group i s accessed by r e a d i n g a group con-
t r o l c a r d o f t h e form
READ(I2,1), NGROUP, N1 ,N2,N3,N4,N5,N6,N7,N8,N9

where NGROUP = Group number
Nl-N9 = i n t e g e r o p t i o n s used i n t h e group.
The group cards a r e ' l a b e l e d i n t h e ,usual way, (e.g., SETUP.2). The l a b e l i n g

o f d a t a read w i t h i n t h a . t . g r o u p f o l l o w s t h e convention o f appending a sequence
number t o t h e group l a b e l , (e.g., SETUP. 2.3 i s t h e l a b e l o f t h e t h i r d - c a r d o r
ca'rd type read f r ~Gruup . 2 ) .
Several u s e r - s p e c i f i e d e m p i r i c a l c o r r e l a t i o n s a r e i n p u t t o COBRA. To
c l a r i f y which c o r r e l a t i o n i s desired, t h e e m p i r i c a l c o r r e l a t i o n s a r e des-
c r i b e d i n Appendix B. To f u r t h e r a s s i s t t h e user i n s e t t i n g up t h e i n p u t ,
many o f t h e c a l c u l a t i o n parameters have been s e t t o a d e f a u l t v a l u e which
w i l l be used by t h e code if t h e u s e r leaves t h e parameter i n p u t f i e l d b l a n k .
The parameters which have d e f a u l t e d values a r e s p e c i f i e d i n t h e i n p u t i n s t r u c -
t i o n s and t h e d e f a u l t v a l u e i s given.
., Since most parameters w i t h d e f a u l t
values a f f e c t t h e " s t a b i l i t y " o f t h e s o l u t i o n , i t i s recommended t h a t t h e
d e f a u l t v a l u e be used u n t i l f a m i l i a r i t y w i t h each parameter i s reached. As
an a i d t o t h e user, a d e s c r i p t i o n o f t h e i m p o r t a n t code v a r i a b l e s i s pre-
sented i n Appendix F. F i n a l l y , a number o f sample problems have been
i n c l u d e d i n Appendix G showing many o f t h e o p t i o n s d e s c r i b e d i n t h i s r e p o r t .
*
I t i s hoped t h a t t h e i n f o r m a t i o n p r o v i d e d w i l l a i d t h e u s e r i n u t i l i z i n g
COBRA-IV-I t o i t s f u l l e s t potential.
INPUT INSTRUCTIONS
DATA CARD OR GROUP CONTROL CARD
Card Label V a r i a b l es Format and E x p l a n a t i o n

*
COBRA. 1 MAXT FORMAT ( 1 5 )
Must be t h e f i r s t d a t a c a r d o f t h e i n p u t
deck. Read o n l y once.
MAXT = The computer t i m e l i m i t ( s e c g ) a l l o w e d

f o r problem c a l c u l a t i o n s . Computer
CP t i m e l i m i t must be g r e a t e r t h a n
MAXT t o a l l o w f o r p r i n t i n g o f r e s u l t s
i f MAXT i s exceeded. N e g a t i v e MAXT
i n d i c a t e s a " R e s t a r t " problem f r o m a
previously stored solution.
RESTRT .1 NJUMP, NA, I T , NTT, TTT Format (415, F5.0)
Optional i n p u t - MAXT n e g a t i v e
R e s t a r t o p t i o n s , where:
NJUMP - Restart flag. NJUMP = 0; c o n t i n u e

c a l c u l a t i o n s on a p r e v i o u s s t e a d y - s t a t e
o r t r a n s i e n t s o l u t i o n , do n o t r e a d i n
any a d d i t i o n a l d a t a . NJUMP = 1, new
problem c a l c u l a t i o n w i t h a p r e v i o u s
s o l u t i o n as t h e f i r s t c o m p u t a t i o n a l
guess o r c o n t i n u e c a l c u l a t i o n s on a
previous s o l u t i o n reading a d d i t i o n a l
d a t a from s u b r o u t i n e s e t u p . NJUMP = 2,
r e a d dump tape, p r i n t i n p u t and r e s u l t s
t h e n STOP. NJUMP = 3, same as
NJUMP = 0, b u t a l l t h e i n p u t d a t a i s
printed.
DATA CARD' OR GROUP CONTROL CARD (Continued)
Card Label Variables Format and E x p l a n a t i o n
NA = Number o f a d d i t i o n a l i t e r a t i o n s f o r
i m p l i c i t s o l u t i o n scheme. May be r e s e t
i n setup i f NJUMP = 1.
= 1, b e g i n a t r a n s i e n t s o l u t i o n a t time
zero from a p r e v i o u s s t e a d y - s t a t e s o l u -
t i o n , must r e a d i n t r a n s i e n t d a t a from
setup. For o t h e r r e s t a r t cases, I T = 0.
NTT = Number o f a d d i t i o n a l t i m e steps

allowcd, r e g a r d l e s s of I T . May
begin a t r a n s i e n t o r continue a
transient.
TTT = Total additional t r a n s i e n t time

(sec).
SETUP. 0 KASE, J1, TEXT Format (215,17A4)
Case c o n t r o l card, where:
KASE = -Problem case number. K > 0, b e g i n case

w i t h c o r e i n i t i a l i z e d t o zero. K < U,
use p r e v i o u s case s o l u t i o n as f i r s t
guess. K = 0, STOP.
= P r i n t oflion f o r i n p u t data. J1 0,
p r i n t o n l y new i n p u t data. J1 = 1,
p r i n t a l l i n p u t data. J1 = 2 , p r i n t
only operating conditions. J1 = 10,
p r i n t , a l l i n p u t data, then s t o p .
DATA CARD OR GROUP CONTROL CARD ( C o n t i n u e d )
TEXT = O u t p u t t e x t f o r problem i d e n t i f i c a t i o n ,
maximum 68 c h a r a c t e r s .
BEGIN GROUP INPUT DATA
SETUP. 1 GROUP 1 PROPERTY TABLE Format (1015)
= NPROP, number o f p r o p e r t y c a r d s t o be
read.
= ISTEAM. N2- = 0, no superheated steam

properties. N2 = 1 , N1 superheated
steam p r o p e r t i e s a r e c a l c u l a t e d .
= Superheated steam p r o p e r t y range. Not

a p p l i c a b l e i f N2 = 0. Default, f o r
N3 = 0, Code c a l c u l a t e s N1 superheated
steam p r o p e r t i e s f r o m t h e s a t u r a t i o n
temperature a t t h e system p r e s s u r e t o
1 500°F. F o r N3 = 1, Code c a l c u l a t e s N1
p r o p e r t i e s o v e r a t e m p e r a t u r e range
s p e c i f i e d by DTMAX (SETUP.1.2).
( I = 1 t o N1) Format (E5.2, F5.1, 7F10.0)
Read i n N1- s a t u r a t e d l i q u i d and vapor p r o p e r t y c a r d s , where
PP = system p r e s s u r e (psia)
TT = Temperature (OF)
VV F = L i q u i d s p e c i f i c volume (ft3/lb)
VV G = Vapor s p e c i f i c volume (ft3/l b)

\
HHF = Liquid enthalpy (Btu/lb)
HHG = Vapor e n t h a l p y (Btullb)'
UU F = Liquid viscosity (Ib/ft-hr)
KKF = L i q u i d thermal c o n d u c t i v i t y ' (Btu/hr-

ft-OF)
SS IGMA = Surface tension (lbf/ft)
-
SETUP.1.2 DTMAX Format (F5.3)
Optional Input - N2 = 1 and N3 = 1
DTMAX = The temperature range o v e r which t h e

superheated steam p r o p e r t i e s a r e t o
be c a l c u l a t e d . DTMAX = (T - T satura-
t i o n ) , where T i s t h e maximum tempera-
t u r e desired. D e f a u l t f o r N3 = 0 i s
T = 1500°F.
SETUP. 2 GROUP 2 FRICTION FACTOR AND TWO PHASE FLOW CORRELATION

Format (1015)
= 52. The Subcooled V o i d Formation C o r r e l a -

tion. N1 = 0, no subcooled v o i d s .
N1 = 1. subcool ed v o i d s a r c c.alr.111a t e d
sing L e v y ' s subcool ed v o i d model .
= 53. The V o i d F r a c t i o n C o r r e l a t i o n .
N2 = 0, t h e homogeneous model. N2 1,
M o d i f i e d Armand Model. N2 = 5, t h e s l i p
model , must r e a d i n a s l i p r a t i o .
142 = 6, r e a d i n number o f terms and
c o e f f i c i e n t f o r up t o a 6 t h o r d e r
polynomial f u n c t i o n o f v o i d f r a c t i o n
versus steam qua1 ity.
44
DATA CARD OR GROUP CONTROL CARD (Continued)

,A . ,
N3 = 54. Two Phase F r i c t i o n Mu1 t i p l i e r .

N3 = 0, The Homogenous Model. N3 = 1,
Armand Model. N3 > 4, read i n number
o f terms and c o e f f i c i e n t s f o r up t o
6 t h o r d e r polynomial f u n c t i o n o f t h e
two phase m u l t i p l i e r versus q u a l i t y .
= NVISCW. Wall V i s c o s i t y C o r r e l a t i o n .
N4 = 0, no heated w a l l c o r r e l a t i o n i n
f r i c t i o n factor. N4 = 1, ' i n c l u d e
heated w a l l c o r r e l a t i o n i n f r i c ' t i o n
factor.
= LAMNF, l a m i n a r f r i c t i o n f a c t o r .
N5 = 0, no l a m i n a r c o r r e l a t i o n .
N 5 = 1, read i n up t o 4 s e t s o f
laminar f r i c t i o n f a c t o r c o r r e l a t i o n
constants.
' = Rod-to-coolant s i n g l e phase heat

transfer c o e f f i c i e n t option. N6 = 0,
D i t t u s - B o e l t e r C o r r e l a t i o n used.
N6 > 0, read a u s e r - s u p p l i e d c o r r e l a t i o n .
SETUP.2.1 A A ( I ) , B B ( I ) , CC(1) (I= 1 t o 4 ) Format ( 1 2 ~ 5 . 3 )
Turbulent f r i c t i o n f a c t o r coefficients. Read up t o 4

s e t s where:
AA, BB, CC = the constants o f the c o r r e l a t i o n i n

t h e form f = A A ( R , ) ~ ~+ CC. The 4
s e t s correspond t o up t o 4 subchannel
types.
Card Label * , V a r i ables Format and E x p l a n a t i o n
SETUP.2.2 AAL(I), B B L ( I ) , CCL(1) ( I = 1 t o 4) Format (12F5.3)

- '
Optional i n p u t - N5 = 1.
Laminar f r i c t i o n f a c t o r c o e f f i c i e n t s .
AAL, BBL, CC1 = Constants f o r l a m i n a r f r i c t i o n f a c t o r

correlation. Same s p e c i f i c a t i o n as
SETUP.2.1.
SETUP .? . 3 AII(1) ( I = 1 t o 4 ) Fur'111d1(12F5.3)

b
-
O p t i o n a l I n p u t - N6 > 0
AH C o e f f i c i e n t s f o r a s i n g l e phase heat
t r a n s f e r c o r r e l a t i o n o f t h e form:
h = (K/D) (AH(1) Re AH(2)prAH(31 + AH(4))

For N6 - 0, AH(1) d e f a u l t s t o 0.023, 0.8,
0.4 and 0.0 f o r AH(1) through AH(4),
respectively .
-
SETUP.2.4
'
NV, AV(1)
. ..
( I = 1 t o 7)
Optional I n p u t NZ > 4.
Format (15, 7E10.5)
S l ip r a t i o and v o i d f r a c t i o n c o r r e l a t i o n , where:
= polynomial ~ r d e rfor' l t ~ ev u i d f r a c t i o n
c o r r c l s t l o n 5 f N2 = 6. I f N2 = . 5 , NV
i s n o t used.
= I f N2 = 6, AV(1) . i s J. s i n g l c term
s l i p ratio. I f N2 = 6, read A V ( I ) ,
I = 1 t o NV c o e f f i c i e n t s f o r up t o
6 t h o r d e r polynomial f u n c t i o n o f v o i d
f r a c t i o n versus steam q u a l i t y .
I
DATA CARD 0 d GROUP CONTROL CARD (Continued)
-. Card Label Variables Format and E x p l a n a t i o n
-
SETUP.2.5 NF, AF(I)
Optional Input
( I = 1 t o 7)
- N3 > 4
Format ( 1 5 , . ' 7 ~ 1 0 . 5 )
Two phase f r i c t i o n mu1 t i p l i e r , where:
NF = The number o f terms f o r t h e polynomial

function o f quality.
AF = Constants f o r up t o 6 t h o r d e r p o l y -
nomial f u n c t i o n o f t h e two-phase .-,
f r i c t i o n mu1t i p l i e r versus steam

qua1 it y .
SETUP. 3 GROUP 3 AXIAL HEAT FLUX TABLE Format (1015)
N1 = NAX, number o f e n t r i e s i n heat f l u x

t a b l e.
SETUP.3.1 Y ( I ) , AXIAL(1) ( I = 1 t o N1) Format (12F5.3)
Axi a1 heat f 1ux t a b l e , where:
Y = R e l a t i v e p o s i t i o n (X/L) a t which h e a t
f l u x i s given, where L i s t h e t o t a l
l e n g t h o f t h e bundle. Must i n c l u d e
0.0 and 1.0 as end p o i n t s .
AXIAL = R e l a t i v e h e a t f l u x a t (X/L). (Local

f 1ux/ average f 1ux ) .
SETUP. 4 GROUP 4 CHANNEL LAYOUT AND DIMENSIONS Format (1015)
N1 = Number o f d a t a cards o f subchannel

i n f o r m a t i o n t o be read. One c a r d f o r
each subchannel, u n l e s s a l r e a d y assigned
(e.g., r e s t a r t case).
Card Label Variables ,Format and Expl a n a t i on
= T o t a l number o f subchannels, r e g a r d l e s s
o f N1.
= O p t i o n t o s p e c i f y N3 r e l a t i v e d i r e c t i o n
angles f o r c r o s s f l o w between a d j a c e n t
subchannel s.
= Numher o f thermal connections.
= L o g i c a l u n i t from which c a r d s e t
SETUP.4.1 i s t o be read. N5 = 0,
r e a d from i n p u t deck. N5 > 0, r e a d
cards from l o g i c a l u n i t N5. Recommend
N5 = 9 i f cards a r e n o t s p e c i f i e d .
SETUP.4.3 i s t o be read. N6 = 0,
cards from l o g i c a l u n i t N6. Recommend
N6 = 9 if cards a r e n o t s p e c i f i e d ,
SETUP.4.1 [N, I, A C ( I ) , PW(I), P H ( I ) , [LC(I,L), GAPS(IyL), D I S T ( I y L ) ,

L = 1 t o 41, I = 1 t o N1J Format L I 1 , 14, 3E5.2, 4(15, 2E5.2)]
Read N1 cards o f Channel Geometry, where:
N = Subchannel type. I f b l a n k or zero,

t y p e 1 i s assigned. If N 0, t y p e N i s
assigned. N + 4. The subchannel
type indicates the appropriate f r i c t i o n
f a c t o r c o r r e l a t i o n s t o be used.
(SETUP.2.1, SETUP.2.2).
= Suhchannel i d e n t i f i c a t i o n number.
2
= Nominal subchannel area ( i n ) .
= Nominal subchannel w e t t e d p e r i m e t e r
(in).
.i. Card Label Variables Format and E x p l a n a t i o n
= Nominal subchannel heated p e r i m e t e r

(in).
= Adjacent subchannel i d e n t i f i c a t i o n
number, f o r up t o 4 subchannels
a d j a c e n t t o subchannel I. I f t h e
subchannels a r e i n p u t w i t h ascending
i d e n t i f i c a t i o n numbers, o n l y connec-
t i o n s LC(1,L) > I need be read i n .
GAPS = The nominal GAP w i d t h between subchannel I

and t h e a d j a c e n t subchannel s p e c i f i e d by
LC ( i n ) .
DIST = C e n t r o i d - t o - c e n t r o i d d i s t a n c e between
t h e a d j a c e n t subchannels s p e c i f i e d by
LC ( i n ) . ~ e q u i r e do n l y i f N1 = 3
i n Group 10 (SETUP.lO).
SETUP.4.2 [KW, RHOLCP(KW), WIDTH(KW), IKW(KW), RWALL(l,KW),'

JKW(KW) RWALL(Z,KW), KW = 1 t o N4J Format L2X, 13,
2E5.2', 2(15,E5.2) J
Optional I n p u t - N4 > 0
Thermal connection d a t a f o r subchannel s w i t h thermal w a l l

connections. P
KW =. Thermal connection number.
RHOLCP = Wall h e a t c a p a c i t y darameter ( s t u / f t 2 - ~ ~ ) .
WIDTH Width o f w a l l ( i n ) . Heat conduction

area = WIDTH x DX.
IKWyJKW = Subchannel numbers a d j a c e n t t o w a i l .
- . .
?See Appendix B f o r d e f i n i t i o n s .
Card Label Variables Format and Expl a n a t i o n
RWALL(1 ,KW),
i
RWALL ( 2 ,KW) = Conductive r e s i s t a n c e o f t h e w a l l

a s s o c i a t e d w i t h t h e IKW and JKW
2
subchannel s, r e s p e c t i v e l y ( f t -sec-
"F/Btu).
SETUP. 4.3 K, ANGLE.(.K) Format [ 5 ( I 5, F5. O)]

-- Optional I n p u t - N3 > O
Read N3 p a i r s o f v a l u e s , where:
K = GAP no. f o r which t h e d i r e c t e d c r o s s -

flow i s specified.
ANGLE = Relative d i r e c t i o n o f p o s i t i v e cross-

,. f l o w t h r o u g h GAP K, i n p o s i t i v e
degrees.
SETUP. 5 GROUP 5 SUBCHANNEL AREA VARIATION Format (1015)
= NAFACT, number o f subchannels f o r

w h i c h a r e a v a r i a t i o n t a b l e s a r e t o be
read,
= NAXI.,, n~.rrnb~r
o f axial locations for
subchannel a r e a v a r i a t i o n .
= NARAMP, t h e number o f i t e r a t i o n s f o r
gradual i n s e r t i o n o f area v a r i a t i o n s .
T f b l a n k o r x r n , NARAMP - 1. For a
" r e s t a r t " case, NARAMP must be r e r e a d
i f desired.
i Card Label - . Variables Format and E x p l a n a t i o n

SETUP.5.1 AXL(1) ( I = 1 t o N2) Format (12F5.3)
!A Table o f a x i a l l o c a t i o n s , where:
AXL = A x i a l l o c a t i o n (X/L) where subchannel

area v a r i a t i o n s w i 11 be s p e c i f i e d .
Read i n N2 values which a p p l y t o a1 1
subchannel s s p e c i f i e d i n SETUP .5.2.
SETUP.5.2 [I,(AFACT(L,J), L = 1 t o N2), J = 1 t o N l ] Format (15/(12F5.3))
For N1 subchannels r e a d area v a r i a t i o n f a c t o r s a t N2 a x i a l

1o c a t i o n s corresponding t o (AXL) , where: ,
= I d e n t i f i c a t i o n Number o f a subchannel
f o r wh.ich area v a r i a t i o n s a r e being
specified. Read a c c o r d i n g t o (15)
format, then s k i p t o t h e n e x t c a r d and
read a complete s e t o f f a c t o r s (AFACT)
corresponding t o t h e AXL l o c a t i o n s .
. Repeat u n t i . 1 f a c t o r s f o r N1 subchannels
a r e read.
AFACT = Re1a t i ve subchannel area (Ai/Anomi ,al 1

a t each a x i a l l e v e l (AXL) .
SETUP.6 ' GROUP 6 GAP SIZE VARIATION TABLE Format (215)
N1 = NGAPS, number o f GAPS f o r which GAP

v a r i a t i o n t a b l e s a r e t o be read.
= NGXL, number o f a x i a l l o c a t i o n s f o r
GAP v a r i a t i o n .
SETUP.6.1 GAPXL(L) (L = 1, N2) Format (12F5.3)
T a b l e o f a x i a l l o c a t i o n s , where:
GAPXL = A x i a l l o c a t i o n s (X/L) where GAP

v a r i a t i o n s w i l l be s p e c i f i e d . Read
N2 v a l u e s w h i c h a p p l y t o a l l GAPS
K s p e c i f i e d i n SETUP.6.2.
F o r N1 GAPS r e a d GAP v a r i a t i o n s a t N2 a x i a l l o c a t i o n s
(GAPXL) , where:
,
= GAP i d e n t i f i c a t i o n number o f GAP t o be
varied. Read K [ F o r m a t ( I 5 ) ] , then s k i p t o
n e x t c a r d and r e a d N2 GAP v a r i a t i o n
factors. Repeat u n t i l f a c t o r s f o r N1
GAPS a r e read.
GFACT = GAP v a r i a t i o n f a c t o r s f o r GAP K. Read

N2 v a l u e s f o r each K c o r r e s p o n d i n g t o
each GAPXL 1o c a t i o n .
GFACT = (GAPi/GAPnomi rial 1
SETUP. 7 GROUP 7 WIRE WRAP AND SPACER DESIGN INFORMATION
Format (1015), where:
= 56. N1 = 1 s p e c i f i e s w i r e wrap
input only. N1 = 2 s p e c i f i e s g r i d
spacer i n p u t o n l y . N1 = 3 s p e c i f i e s
b o t h w i r e wrap ir ~ p u Ldrld g r i d spacer-
loss coefficient input.
= Number o f GAPS f o r which w i r e wrap

c r o s s i n g d a t a i s supp-l ied..
DATA'CARD OR GROUP CONTROL CARD. (Continued)
• Card Label V a r i a b l es Format and E x p l a n a t i o n

N3 = NGRID, number o f a x i a l l o c a t i o n s f o r
*
g r i d spacers.
= NGRIDT, number o f g r i d types f o r

which d a t a w i l l be s u p p l i e d .
N5 = NRAMP;.number o f i ' t e r a t i o n s over

which t h e g r i d l o s s terms a r e t o be
ramped i n t o t h e s o l u t i o n . For a
" r e s t a r t " case, NRAMP must be r e r e a d
i f desired.
= L o g i c a l u n i t t h a t c a r d s e t s SETUP.7.2
and SETUP.7.3 a r e t o be read. N6 = 0,
. .from l o g i c a l u n i t N6. Recommend
N6 = 9 i f cards a r e n o t s p e c i f i e d .
\
, -
SETUP. 7.1 PITCH, DIA., THICK
Optional Input -
' Format (3E10.5)
N1 = 1 o r 3
Wire wrap s p e c i f i c a t i o n s , where:
PITCH = Wire wrap p i t c h ( i n ) .
DIA = Rod o r c l a d d i n g o u t e r diameter ( i n ) .
THICK = Wire wrap diameter ( i n ) , .
-
. ,
SETUP.^.^ K, DUR(K), XCROSS(K,L) ( L = 1 t o 2 ) ' Format (15, 2E5.2)
Optional Input - N1 = 1 o r 3 ,
Wrap c r o s s i n g data, where:
K = GAP number.
Card Label Variables Format and Expl a n a t i on
= The e f f e c t i v e f r a c t i o n o f a p i t c h l e n g t h
f o r f o r c i n g crossflow. Recommended
value i s d e r i v e d from t h e equation '
DUR = AXIPITCH
where
AX = t h e a x i a l node l e n g t h ( i n ) .
PITCH = t h e w i r e wrap p l tcti ( i l l ) .
= The w i r e wrap c r o s s i n g angle. XCROSS

i s c a l c u l a t e d by d i v i d i n g t h e angle
(0) between t h e GAP and w i r e ( a t t h e
bundle i n l e t ) by 360". The v a l u e i s
p o s i t i v e i f t h e wrap i s moving from a
s m a l l e r t o a h i g h e r number subchannel
and n e g a t i v e i f otherwise.
If the
w i r e wrap i s on a GAP boundary a t t h e
bund'le i n l e t , 'XCKUSS = 51 .U not zero.
NWRAPS('1) ( I . = 1 t o NCHANL) . F ~ r i n a t (1015)
Optional I n p u t - N1 = 1 . o r 3
Wrap i n v e n t o r y where:
NWRAPS The n u m h ~ rof w i r c s i n i t i a l l y i n each

subchannel . Read an i n t e g e r value o f
t h e number o f w i r e s p r e s e n t a t t h e
bundle i n l e t . For w i r e s l o c a t e d on t h e
GAP boundary, t h e wrap i s assumed t o be
- i n t h e subchannel i n t o which i t i s
proceeding. Read 10 values p e r data
c a r d u n t i l t h e i n v e n t o r y f o r a l l sub- ,
channels a r e read.
-
SETUP.7.4 GRIDXL(I)., IGRID(1)
Optional I n p u t -
( I = 1 t o N3)
N1 = 2 o r 3
Format [ 6 ( ~ 5 . 2 . 1 5 ) ]
A x i a l l o c a t i o n of g r i d s and t t i e t y p e o f g r i d a t each a x i a l
location
GRIDXL = The r e l a t i . v e l o c a t i o n (X/L) o f g r i d

spacers.
IGRID = The g r i d t y p e a t a x i a l l o c a t i o n
, . GRIDXL.
-
SETUP.^.^ . r ( J y CD(Jy1)y Ky FXFLOW(K,I)
Format (15, E5.2; 15, E5.2)
Optional I n p u t - N1 = 2 o r 3
, I 1 = 1 t o NCHNL), I = 1 t o N41
Read t h e l o s s c o e f f i c i e n t and f o r c e d c r o s s f l o w , i f
desired, i n each subchannel f o r eash g r i d type.
NCHANL = T o t a l number o f subchannels. Read d a t a -,
f o r a1 1 subchannel s f o r g r i d t y p e 1 ,' t h e n
r e p e a t f o r succeeding g r i d types.
= 1 d e n t i f i c a . t i o n number o f subcha.nne1 f o r
which d a t a a r e being s u p p l i e d .
= LOSS c o e f f i c i e n t i r ~subchanr~el J f o r
g r i d type I .
= GAP a s s o c i a t e d w i t h subchannel Jy
through which f o r c e d d i v e r s i o n cross-
flow i s specified. I f b l a n k , no
forced crossflow.
FXFLOW = F r a c t i o n o f a x i a l f l o w which i s
d i v e r t e d through GAP K f o r g r i d t y p e I .
I f b l a n k , no f o r c e d c r o s s f l o w .
SETUP. 8 GROUP 8 ROD LAYOUT AND FUEL PROPERTIES

Format (1015)
= The number o f c a r d s of r o d d a t a t o be
read. One c a r d f o r each r o d modeled.
For RESTART cases o r m u l t i p l e case
r u n s , i t i s o n l y necessary t o r e a d
new r o d i n p u t .
= NROD, t h e t o t a l number o f r o d s t o be
model ed r e g a r d l e s s o f N1 .
= NCy o r d e r of a p p r o x i m a t i o n used i n
f u e l mode.1 . N3 = 0, no f u e l model.
N3 = 2 , 2nd o r d e r c o l l o c a t i o n s o l u t i o n .
N3 = 3, 3 r d o r d e r c o l l o c a t i o n . N3 > 3
o r N3.= 1 i s i l l e g a l .
= NFUELT, t h e number o f f u e l m a t e r l a l s
f o r w h i c h thermal p r o p e r t . i e s a r e t o
he s p e c i f i e d . Nnt a p p l i c a b l e i f N3 = 0.
I f b l a n k , NFUELT = 1 I s assigned.
= NCHFy c r i t i c a l h e a t f l u x o p t i o n .
NS = O, No ChF c a l c u l a t i o n s a r e
performed. N5 = 1, BAN-2 c o r r e l a t i o n
i s used. N5 = 2 , t h e W-3 c o r r e l a t i o n
i s used.
= NQAX, a d d i t i o n a l f u e l model o p t i o n s . Not

a p p l i c a b l e i f N3 = 0. N6 = 0, no a d d i -
t i o n a l options. N6 = 1, v a r i a b l e thermal
conducti v i ty only. N6 = 2, a x l a l conduc-
t i o n only. N6 = 3, b o t h a x i a l c o n d u c t i o n
and v a r i a b l e thermal c o n d u c t i v i t y . N6 = 2
o r 3 a l s o s p e c i f i e s f l u i d a x i a l conduc-
tion.
56
DATA CARD OR GROUP CONTROL CARD-(Continued)
= NHTC , h e a t t r a n s f e r c o r r e l a t i o n o p t i o n .
N7 = 0, D i t t u s and B o e l t e r o r o t h e r
c o r r e l a t i o n s p e c i f i e d i n SETUP.2.2
i n p u t i s used throughout. N7 = 1,
use a complete b o i 1ing and nonboi 1 ing
c o r r e l a t i o n package s i m i l a r t o t h a t
o f t h e RELAP-4 computer code.
= NRODTP, o p t i o n f o r a x i a l l y v a r y i n g
fuel material. N8 = 0, each fuel r o d
i s constructed o f a single material
and no a x i a l l y v a r y i n g d a t a a r e read.
N8 > 0, must r e a d f u e l zone . i n f o r m a t i o n
.(SETUP.8.4), f o r each f u e l t y p e N.
SETUP.8.1 i s t o be read. N9 = 0, r e a d
from i n p u t deck. N9 > 0, r e a d from
l o g i c a l u n i t N9. Recommend N9 = 9
when n o t r e a d i n g from cards.
SETUP. 8.1 N, I, D R ( I ) , R a d i a l , rLR(1 ,L), PHI(1 ,L) (L = 1 t o 6 ) ]

Format L I Z , 13, 2E5.2, 6(15, E5.2)]
, . Read i n N1 cards o f r o d i n p u t d a t a , where:
N = The f u e l shape and f u e l m a t e r i a l o p t i o n s .

N = 0 o r positive, c y l i n d r i c a l fuel specified.
N = negative, p l a t e f u e l specified. The
a b s o l u t e v a l u e o f N determines t h e m a t e r i a l
p r o p e r t y c o n f i g u r a t i o n o f Fuel I.
Card Label Variables Format and Explanation
For N8 = 0 ( A x i a l l y uniform f u e l )
ABS (N) corresponds t o one o f N4 mate-
r i a l s (sETUP.8.2) o f which Rod I
i s made.
For N8 > 0 ( A x i a l l y v a r y i n g f u e l zones)

ABS (N) corresponds t o one o f N8 rnate-
r i a l csnfigurations specifying
t h e f u e l m a t e r i a l versus a x i a l
h e i g h t (SETUP.8.4).
Note: I f any r o d i s s p e c i f i e d t o have

a x i a l l y v a r y i n g p r o p e r t i e s (N8 > 0), a1 1
rods ( i n c l u d i n g a x i a l l y u n i f o r m r o d s )
must have an a x i a l c o n f i g u r a t i o n
s p e c i f i e d (SETUP .8.4).
= Rod i d e n t i f i c a t i o n number.
= Outer r o d diameter ( i n ) . I f cladding

around rod, DR i s t h e c l a d d i n g o u t e r
diameter. I
RADIAL = The r a d i a l .power f a c t o r f o r r o d ( I )

as a f r a c t i o n o f t h e average r o d
power .(Group 11 ) .
= I d e n t i f i c a t i o n numbers o f subchannels
surrounding r o d ( I ) . Read i n up t o 6
subchannel s.
PHI = The f r a c t i o n o f t h e t o t a l r o d power

i n p u t t o a d j a c e n t subchannel ( i . e . ,
f r a c t i o n o f t h e o u t e r r o d perimeter
f a c i n g subchannel i d e n t i f i e d by LR).
.A,
Card Label variables Format and E x p l a n a t i o n
SETUP.8.2 KFUEL(I), CFUEL(I), RFUEL(I), DFUEL(I), KCLAD(I), CCLAD(I),

RCLAD(I), TCLAD(I), HGAP(1) (I= 1 t o 144) Format (9E5.2)
7-'
Optional Input N4 > 0 and NC > 0
Material properties. Read N4 cards corresponding t o N4

m a t e r i a l s f o r which thermal p r o p e r t i e s a r e s p e c i f i e d . Each
f u e l r o d c o n s i s t s o f one o r more o f these m a t e r i a l s . For
N8 = 0, t h e f u e l t y p e N (SETUP.8.1) corresponds t o t h e
material type(1).
KFUEL = The thermal c o n d u c t i v i t y o f t h e f u e l

(Btu/hr-ft-OF).
CFUEL = S p e c i f i c heat o f f u e l (Btu/lb-OF).

3
RFUEL = Fuel d e n s i t y ( I b / f t ) .
DFUEL = The f u e l diameter ( i n ) .
KCLAD = Thermal c o n d u c t i v i t y ,of c l a d d i n g

(Btu/hr-ft-OF).
CCLAD = S p e c i f i c h e a t o f c l a d (Btu/lb-OF).
RCLAD = Density o f cladding ( I b / f t ).

3
TCLAD = Cladding th.ickness ( i n ) . .
HGAP = Fuel-Clad Gap conductance c o e f f i c i e n t

(~tu/hr-ft2-'~) .-

SETUP.8.3 TREFy BK(1) (I = 2 to 4) Format (F10.0, 3E10.4)
Optional Input - NC > 0 and NQAX = 1 or 3 '-y
Variable thermal conductivity. Only applies to the material
specified by the first card of SETUP.8.2.
TREF The reference temperature where
=
K - KFUEL(I ) (OF)
= The coefffcients for up to 3rd order

polynomial approximation for thermal
conductivity versus temperature of t h e
form:
K(1) = KFUEL(1) * [l + BK(2) * (T - TREF)
+ BK(3) (T - T R E F ) ~+ BK(4)
(T - TREF)~]
[NZONE(I), (ZEND(I,K), IZTYP(I,K), K = 1 to NZONE(I)),
I = 1 to N8] Format [15/(6(~5.2,15))]
Optional Input - N8 > 0
Option to specify axially varying fuel materials. Must
read in a fuel zone configuration table for each rod type.
N (SETUP.8.1).
NZONE = The number of axial zones to be read
for a table of fuel material versus
axial distance for fuel type I.
ZEND = Relativ'e axial location (X/L) of the
end of a fuel zone. If fuel type I
is axially uniform, ZEND(1,l) = 1.0.
A.
Card Label . Variables Format and Explanation
IZTYP = Type of material in fuel zone ending
at ZEND. Each IZTYP corresponds to a
material specifTed in SETUP.8.2. Only
'
material type 1 can have variable

thermal conductivity.
SETUP.9 GROUP 9 CALCULATIONAL VARIABLES Format (1015)
N1 = NSKIPX, output'print -option. N1 = 0 or

. . 1, print all axial levels. N1 > 1,
print every N1 axial .levels.
N2 = NSKIPT, output print option. N2 = 0
or 1, print all time steps. N2 > 1,
print every N2 time steps.
N3 = K11,. specifies the solu.tion algorithm
to solve the problem. N3 = 0 specifies
the 111-C implicit solution scheme for
both steady-state and transient
calculations. N3 = 1 specifies an
implicit steady-state and an explicit
transient with a AP boundary condition.
N3 = 2 specifies a standing start
explicit transient with a zero flow
initial condition, and a AP boundary
condition. N3 = 3 specifies an implicit
steady-state and an explicit transient
with the inlet flow boundary condition.
N3 = 4 specifies a standing start
explicit transient with a zero flow .
initial condition, and an inlet flow
boundary condition.
Card Label Variables Format and .Explanation

N4 = IROLL, problem roll option. N4 = 0,
no roll option, all variables reside in . ->
core at a1 1 times. N4 = 1 , only 3
axial levels of information -- J - 1,
J and J + 1 -- are stored in core at
..
one time.
= ITSTEP, maximum time step table.
N5 = 0, maximum transient time step is
FDT (SETUP.9.3) for
, all time. For
N5 > 0, read in N5 pairs of (time. vs.
max. time step) information for variable
maximum time steps. Used only for K1170.
SETUP.9.1 Z, TTIME, WERRX, WERRY, FERROR, KIJ, SL, FTM, THETA, USDON,
DAMPNG, ACCELY, ACCELF Format (16 E5.0)
Z = The total axial length (in).
TTIME = Total transient time (sec).
WERRX I = The external crossflow convergence 14mlt.
Defined for implicit crossflow solution
as the maximum allowable error in iterative
crossflows at any axial level, If any
error is greater than WERRX, the solution
procccds through another iterative sweep
over the entire bundle. Default is
1. E-2.
WERRY = The internal crossflow convergence limit.
Convergence limit for the iterative Gauss- P
Seidel solution scheme at axial level LI.

Default is 1 .E-3.
Card Label Variables Format- and Explanation

FERROR = The external axial f lo;' convergence 1imi t.
Defined f o r the implicit axial momentum
equation a s the maximum allowable error
f o r i t e r a t i v e axial flows,. If error. i s
greater than FERROR, another i t e r a t i v e
sweep of the e n t i r e bundle i s made.
Defau1.t is 1 .E-3.
KI J = Turbulent crossflow resistance factor.
Default i s 0.5.
SL = Transverse momentum parameter. Default
FTM = Turbulent momentum factor. Default i s

0.0.
THETA = The bundle orientation. Blank or zero

i s v e r t i c a l , otherwise read in t o the
nearest degree the angle away from the
vertical (degrees).
USDON' = Specifies the contribution of velocity
from the donor and receiver subchannels
in U* calculation.. USIION .= 0,
U* = 1 / 2 [U(J) + u ( I ) ] where J and I
a r e donor and receiver subchannels.
USDON = 1.0, U* = U(J) where J i s the
. donor subchannel. Any value between
. 0.0 and 'I .O i s acceptable. ~ e f a u l t ,
USDON = 0.0.

DAMPNG = DAMPNG factor for iterative SP term.
SP(I,J)~= DAMPNG*SP(I,J)~+ (1 - DAMPNG)
*SP(I ,JIN-' where N and N-1 are the
present and previous iterations, respec-
tively.
' ACCELY = Crossflow solution accelerdlor..
w(K,J)~ = ACCELY*W(K,J)~ + (1 - ACCELY)
*w(K,J)~-' where N is the iteration no.
Defdul L i s 1 .G.
ACCELF = DAMPNG factor for iterative axial flow.
F(I,J)~ = ACCELF*F(I,J)~+ (1 - ACCELF)
*F(I,J)~-' where N is the iteration no.
Default is 1.0.
NDX, NDT, NTRIES, ITRY, ITRYM Format (515)
NDX = Number of axial nodes.

N BT = Total number of timc steps allowed.
For implicit transients the time step
size is (TTIME/NDT). For expl ici t
transients, the time step size is
prbbl em-depcnderrt w'i'th NDT and TTME
beirig 'the 1 imits on the total number of
time steps and length of the transient.
NTRI ES = The lr~axinium number O f external i l;eradtions
a1 lowed in implicit solution scheme,
regardless of WERRX and FERROR.
Default is 20.
ITRY = The maximum number of internal iterations
allowed in implicit solution scheme,
regardless of WERRY. Default is the
maximum of 20, 2 * number of gaps.
Card Label ~ariables Format and Explanation ,

?
ITRYM = The minimum number of iterations in the

internal crossflow solution for imp1 ici t
solution scheme, regardless of convergence.
Default is 5.
SETUP.9.3 FCOUR, FDT, XZERR, YZERR, THX, THD, ACCELl, ACCEL2 Format (12E5.0)
Optional Input - K11 > 0
Parameters for the explicit solution scheme
FCOUR = The courant. time step limitation
parameter. Default is 0.5. FCOUR = .
(veloc i ty ) AT
AX
FDT = The maximum time step regardless of

FCOUR. Must read in. No default.
XZERR = The.iterative flow field convergence
limit in the explicit solution scheme.
Default is .I. E-2.
YZERR = The iterative energy equation convergence
limit in the explicit solution scheme.
Default is l.E-4.
THX - 1. ,The integrated l.iquridlevel I s
printed for each channel at each time
step. THX=O. No liquid level printout.
Default is THX=O.
THD = 1. Optional interface sharpening para-
meter, equivalent to the downward liquid
velocity. Default is 0.
ACCELl = Acceleration factor on current pressure

change. Default is 1.3.
DATA CARD OR GROUP 'CONTROL CARD (Continued)

ACCEL2 = .Acceleration f a c t o r on pressure change
from l a s t i t e r a t i o n . Default i s 0.
SETUP.9.4 NTRYX, NTRYY, KNOFLO, JNOFLO Format (1 01J )
0ptiona.l Input - K11 > 0
Additional parameters f o r e x p l i c i t s o l u t i o n
NTRY X , = The maximum number of allowable i t e r a t i o n
in t h e flow s o l u t i o n of XZERR. Delaul t
: I S 50.
NTRY Y = The maximum number of allowable i t e r a t i o n s

i n t h e energy equation regardless of YZERR.
Default is 20.
KNOFLO,
JNOFLO = No crossflow permitted through gap
number KNOFLO o r l e s s a t and above t h e
a x i a l n n r l ~,lNI)FL.O. Defalll t f o r both
i s 0.
SETUP.9.5 YT(I), FT(1) ( I = 1 t o ~ 5 )Format (12E5.0)
Read i n N5 p a i r s of values f o r a t a b l e of time s t e p s i z e
versus time, where:
= Time ( s e c ) f o r maximum time s t e p .
Must irlclude 'time -- 0.
= Maximum time s t e p ( s e c ) allowed a t t h i s
time.
?
SETUP. 10 GROUP 10 TURBULENT M I X I N G CORRELATION Format (1015 )
N1 = NSCBC. Single-phase t u r b u l e n t mixing

option. Several forms o f t h e equation
f o r t u r b u l e n t crossflow W' a r e possible:t
1) w', = ABETA * (sKE)
2) W'K = ABETA * Re ** BBETA * (sKC)
3) W t K = ABETA * Re ** BBETA * (m)

4) W' , = ABETA * Re ** BBETA *
(SK/ZK)
where t h e constants ABETA and BBETA

(SETUP.10.1) a r e a p p l i e d t o t h e equation
selected by N1. (See Appendix D f o r
d e f i n i t i o n o f variables.)
N1 '= 0, use equation 1
N1 = 1, use equation 2
= NBCC, t h e o p t i o n f o r two-phase mixing.

N2 = 0 o r 1, two-phase mixing assumed
t o be t h e same as subcooled. N2 > 1,
. read i n -N2 p a i r s of data f o r a t a b l e o f
two-phase mixing Beta versus steam q u a l i t y .
+For discussion o f e m p i r i c a l c o r r e l a t i o n s see Appendix B.

= 55, an o p t i o n f o r r a d i a l thermal
conduction mixing. N3 = 0, no thermal
conduction. N3 = 1, read thermal
geometry f a c t o r , GK f o r r a d i a l thermal
conduction.
SETUP.lO.l ABETA, BBETA Format (1 2F5.3)
ARETA, BBETA = Constants c o e f f i c i e n t s f o r t h e t u r b u l e n t

mixing c o r r e l a t i o n sel ected, (see N1) .
BBETA i s blank i f N1 = 0.
SETUP.10.2 XQUAL(I), BX(1). (I= 1 t o N2) , Format (12F5.3)
Read i n t a b l e of values of mixing Beta versus steam q u a l i t y ,

where:
XQUAL = Steam qua1 i t y .
BX = The mixing Beta a t t h e corresponding

steam quality.
SETUP. 10.3 -
GK Format (F5.3)
Optional I n p u t - N3 = 1
GI( = Geometry f a c t o r f n r r a d i a l thermal

conduction mixing.
SETUP. 11 GROUP 11 OPERATING CONDITIONS AND TRANSIENT. FORCING FUNCTIONS

For.mat (1015)
= IH, o p t i o n f o r s p e c i f i e d i n l e t enthalpy
o r temperature. N1 = 0, H I N (SETUP.ll. 1 )
i s t h e i n l e t enthalpy. N1 = 1, H I N i s
t h e i n l e t temperature. N1 = 2', read i n
an i n l e t enthalpy f o r each subchannel.
N1 = 3, read i n an i n l e t temperature f o r
each subchannel.
68
DATA CARD OR GROUP. CONTROL CARD (Continued)

N2 = IG,--option to specify i n l e t mass
flux. N2 = 0, GIN (SETUP.11 . l ) i s the
i n l e t mass flux for each subchannel.
N2 = 1 , GIN i s the average bundle mass
flux b u t the subchannel flow i s s p l i t
to give equal DP/DX across the f i r s t
axial node. N2 = 2, GIN i s the average
bundle mass flux, b u t flow i s s p l i t by
flow fractions supplied in (SETUP.11.3).
= Transient forcing function for system
pressure. Read in NP pairs or values
for a table of system pressure factor versus
time. I
= Transient forcing function for. i n l e t

enthalpy or temperature. Read in NH
pairs of values for a table of i n l e t
H or T, factor versus time.
= Transient forcing function for i n l e t

mass flux o r pressure drop. Read in NG
pairs of values for a table of mass flux
factor or AP versus time.
= Transient forcing function for average
heat flux. Read in NQ pairs of values
for a table of heat flux factor versus time.
= K10, an option f o r pressure drop boundary
condition transients. If K11 (SETUP.9)
i s equal to 1 or 2 , the transient forcing
function for i n l e t ,mass flux (N5) becomes
a transient pressure drop table. If
K10 = 1 , the. tabular values are a fraction
o f the steady-state pressure drop.
69
i
= Transient f o r c i n g f u n c t i o n f o r e x i t
enthalpy. Read i n NHX p a i r s o f values
f o r a t a b l e o f e x i t enthalpy f a c t o r
versus time.
SETUP.ll .I PEXIT, HIN, GIN, AFLUX, HOUT, DPS Format (6F10.0)
Operating conditions, where:
PEX I T = system
T ~ Q pr~sqllre, (psis).
HIN = I n l e t enthalpy ( B t u / l b ) o r temperature

(OF) depending on N1. I f H I N i s negative,
t h e i n l e t enthalpy w i l l be e i t h e r t h e
absolute value o f H I N o r t h e l a s t
c a l c u l a t e d f i r s t node enthalpy i f t h e
f l o w has reversed.
GIN = The i n l e t mass f l u x ( M L B / ~ ~ - f t Lt o) be

d i s t r i b u t e d by t h e N2 option.
2
AFLUX = The average heat f l u x (MBtu/hr-ft ).
HOUT = The e x i t enthalpy. I f HOUT I s s p e c i f i e d ,

and t h e f l o w reverses, t h e "new" e x i t
e n t h a l p y . w i l 1 be HOUT. Otherwise, f o r
HOUT blank, t h e "new" e x i t enthalpy
w i l l be t h e c a l c u l a t e d e x i t enthalpy
before r e v e r s a l ( ~ t u /b).
l
DPS = An o p t i o n t o s p e c i f y a pressure drop

r a t h e r than a f l o w boundary c o n d i t i o n
i n the steady-state i m p l i c i t s o l u t i o n
scheme. The code i t e r a t e s on t h e t o t a l
i n l e t flow r a t e u n t i l the calculated
pressure drop i s c l o s e t o DPS ( p s i ) .
70
a
' . -
SETUP.11.2 '. HINLET(1)
Optional I n p u t
( I = 1 t o NCHANL)
N1 = 2 o r 3
Format (12E5.0)
.-.
In1e t , enttial py o r temperature, where:
HINLET = The i n l e t enthalpy (N1 = 2) o r i n l e t

temperature (N1 = 3) o f each i n d i v i d u a l
subchannel; read one' value f o r each . .
subchannel .
-
SETUP.11.3 FINLET(1)
Optional I n p u t
( I = = 1 TO NCHNL)
- N2 > 2
Format (12E5.0)
I n l e t f l o w r a t e , where:
FINLET = The i n d i v i d u a l subchannel i n l e t f l o w

. . (F(I)/FTOTAL) f o r each i n d i v i d u a l
subchannel.
S E T J J P . ~.4
~ YP(I), FP(1) ( I - = 1 t o N3.) Format (12E5.0)
_____t
Pressure t r a n s i e n t t a b l e , where:
YP = Transient time (sec) when f a c t o r i s

appl ied.
= F r a c t i o n , o f steady-state System Pressure

I
a t t r a n s i e n t time (YP).
,
,
-
SETUP.11.5 YH(I), FH(1)
. Optional I n p u t
( I = 1 TO N4)
N4 > 1
Format (12E5.0)
- . . .....
?
Enthalpy o r temperature t r a n s i e n t table.
YH = The t r a n s i e n t time (sec) when f a c t o r i s

appl ied.
FH =. The f r a c t i o n o f i n l e t enthalpy (N1 = 0 o r 2)
* .
or t h e f r a c t i o n o f i n l e t temperature
(N1 = 1 o r 3 ) a t t h e t r a n s i e n t time
(YH).
71
-
SETUP.11.6 YG(I), FG(1)
Optional I n p u t
( I = 1 t o N5)
- N5 > 1
Format (12E5.0)
- .
.. I n l e t f l o w o r pressure drop boundary c o n d i t i o n t r a n s i e n t

table.
YG = The t r a n s i e n t time (sec) when f a c t o r i s

appl ied.
= Ihe f r a c t l 6 n O f steady-state illlet Tlow

a t t h e krsarlsient time (YG) i f i n l e t
f l o w boundary c o n d i t i o n i s s p e c i f i e d
[ K l l (Group 9 ) = 0, 3 o r For 41.
pressure drop boundary c o n d i t i o n s
(K11 = 1 o r 2 ) , FG i s e i t h e r t h e f r a c t i o n
o f t h e steady-state pressure drop
p s i (N7
(YG).
-
(N7 = 1) o r FG i s t h e pressure drop i n
0) a t t h e t r a n s i e n t time
-
SETUP.11.7 YQ(I), FQ(1)
Optional I n p u t
(I= 1 t o N6)
N6 > 1
Format ( 1 2 ~ 5 . 0 )
-. .. .
Heat f l u x t r a n s i e n t table.
= The t r a n s i e n t time (see) when f a c t o r i s

appl led.
FQ - The f r a c t i o n o f steady s t s t c hcat f l u x

a t t h e t r a n s i e n t t-ill~e(YQ).
I
SETUP.11.8 YHX(I), FHX(1) (I= ' 1 t o NHX)
Optional I n p u t N8 > 1
. E x i t enthalpy t r a n s i e n t t a b l e .
YHX = The t r a n s i e n t time (sec) when f a c t o r i s

appl ied. . .
FHX = The f r a c t i o n o f steady s t a t e e x i t

enthalpy (HOUT) a t the, t r a n s i e n t time
(YHx) t o be used i f t h e f l o w reverses.
GROUP 12 OUTPUT OPTIONS FOR CALCULATIONS Format ( 1015),

where:
N1 = NOUT, p r i n t option. N1 = 0, p r i n t
subchannel data o n l y . N1 = 1, p r i n t
subchannel data and crossflows o n l y .
N1 = 2, p r i n t subchannel data and f u e l
r o d temperatures only. N1 = 3, p r i n t
subchannel data, c r o s s f l ows and f u e l
r o d temperatures.
= NPCHAN, an o p t i o n f o r subchannel data

printout. N2 = 0, p r i n t a l l subchannel
data. N2 > 0, read N2 subchannel
i d e n t i f i c a t i o n numbers o f subchannels
t o be p r i n t e d .
= NPROD, an o p t i o n f o r f u e l r o d heat f l u x
and/or temperature p r i n t o u t . N3 = 0,
data f o r a l l rods a r e p r i n t e d i f c a l l e d
f o r by N1. N3 > 0, read i n N3 r o d
i d e n t i f i c a t i o n numbers o f rods t o be
printed. I f NCHF (SETUP.8) i s >O, CHF
data i s a l s o p r i n t e d along w i t h t h e r o d
data.

= NPNODE, an option f o r i n t e r i o r fuel node
temperature printout f o r a l l rods speci-
fied by N3. Option only applies i f
i n t e r i o r rod temperatures are calculated
using the fuel model (GROUP 8 ) . N4 = 0,
p r i n t rod centerline, rod surface and
cladding surface temperature. N4 = 3
t o 7, N4 equally spaced i n t e r i o r rod
Ltr~~iper.ii tures a r e printed' along w i t h the
cladding surface temperature. . .
= NPGAP, an option f o r GAP crossflow print-

o u t i f called for. by N1. N5 = 0, p r i n t
crossflow for a1 1 GAPS. N1 > 0, read
GAP numbers of GAPS t o be printed.
= NSKPLT, an option for transient p-lotting.
N6 = 0, no plots a r e printed. N6 > 0,
p l a t d a t a w e r y N6 time steps. Must read .
4 s e t s of maximum. and minimum coordinates
f o r the four variables plotted. (SETUP. 12.6).
a NPLTCH, option t o plot channels i f called
for b.y N6. N7 = 0, plot a l l subchannels.
N7 > n, read subchannel numbers of th0s.e
plstted.
= NPLTGP, an option f o r GAP crossflow plptting
i f called f o r by N6. N8 = 0, plot a l l
gaps. N8 > 0, read GAP numbers t o be
plotted.
Card Label variables Format and Explanation

SETUP. 1-2.1 PRINTC(1) ( I = 1 t o N2) Format (2413)
__I_
,
Optional Input N2 > 0.

PRINTC = Read. subch'annel i d e n t i f i c a t i o n numbers of
N2 subchannels f o r which d a t a i s t o be -
printed. N2 = 0, p r i n t . a l 1 subchannels.
SETUP.1.2.2 PRINTR(1) ( I = 1 t o N3) Format (2413)

PRINTR = Read rod numbers of N3 rods f o r which heat
f l u x and temperatures a r e t o be p r i n t e d
i f c a l l e d f o r by N1.
PRINTG(1) ( I = 1 t o N5) Format (2413)
Optional Input - N5 > - 0
PRINTG = Read GAP numbers of N5 f o r which crossflows
a r e t o be p r i n t e d i f c a l l e d f o r by N1.
IPLITCH(1) ( I = 1 t o N7) Format (2413.)
- -"-
IPLITCH = Read subchannel numbers of N7 subchannels

f o r which l i n e p l o t s a r e t o be p r i n t e d i f
c a l l e d f o r by N6.
IPLTGP(1) ( I = 1 t o N8) Format (2413)
Optional Input - N8 > 0 .
1PLTGP = Read GAP numbers of those GAPS f o r which
crossflows a r e 'to be p l o t t e d , i f c a l l ed
f o r by N6.
DATA CARD OR GROUP CONTROL CARD (Continued
Card .Label Variables Format and Explanation

SETUP.12.6 HIP(I),ZPT(I) (I = 1 to 4) Format (12F5.0)
HIP, ZPT = The maximum and minimum plot coordinates
for the four kinds of plots available.
The maximum and minimum are in the units
of the variable plotted which are:
HIP(1). 2
) Mass flux (million lb/hr-ft )
ZPT(1)
. ,
) Enthal py (1 000 Btu/l b)
ZPT(2)
HIP(3)
) Pressure Drop (psi)
ZPT(3)
HIP(4)
} , Crossflow (1 b/sec-ft)
ZPT(~)
Mass flow rate, enthalpy and pressure
drop are plotted for each subchannel
specified (see N6 and N7). Crossflow
1s plotted Tor each GAP specified
(see NG and NS). If HIP(1) = 0, that
quantity is not plotted.
8. o NOMENCLATURE+'
A Axial flow area, ( f t2 ) . .
A' Average area, ( A . + A )/2, ( f t 2 )

Jj-1
C Axial thermal conduction coefficient, (Btu/ft-sec-OF)
c Thermal conduction coefficient, (Btu/ft-sec-OF)
C Heat capacity, (Btu/lb-OF)
P
[Dcl Difference operator for subchannels
Difference operator..-for subchannel s and thermal -conducting
walls.
Transpose of difference operator
Dilation or continuity error, (lb/sec)
3
Volume dilation or volumetric error, ( f t /sec)
Friction factor based on a l l liquid flow
Mass velocity, (1 b/sec-ft 2 )
Gravitational constant, (lb-ft/lbf-sec 2 )
Heat transfer coefficient, ( ~ t u / s e c - f t 2 - ' ~ )
Subchannel enthalpy, (Btu/l b )
Saturated vapor and 1iquid enthal py, (Btu/l b )
Spacer loss coefficient
Geometry factor for conduction
L Channel length, ( f t )
2 Characteristic gap length in transverse momentum equation, ( f t )
m Flow r a t e , (lblsec) '
. . P Subchannel pressure, ( l b f / f t 2 = (lb/sec 2 - f t )
tDimensions are those used during calculations in the code.

I
Heated perimeter, ( f t )
Wette,d perimeter, ( f t )
P r a n d t l number
S p e c i f i c power-to-flow r a t i o , q ' ilmi, ( ~ t u lbl- f t )
Heat r a t e , ( ~ t u l s e c - f t ' )
Heat f l u x per u n i t length, ( B t u l s e c - f t )
Reynol ds number
Radi a1 coordinate
Subchannel gap spacing, ( f t )
Summing opera.tor - s i m i l a r t o [DC]
Temperature, (OF)
Time, (sec)
Cladding thickness, (ft)
A x i a l subchannel ~ e l o c i ~ t y(,f t l s e c )
Overall heat t r a n s f e r coefficient, (~tu/sec-ft~-~~)
M i x t u r e s p e c i f i c volume, ( f t 3 / 1b )
E f f e c t i v e two-phase speci Fic volume (equals v i f subcol l e d ) ,

3
( l - ~ ) ~ / ~ ~ ( +l - x2/pga
a ) (ft /~b)
3
S p e c i f i c volume o f l i q u i d , ( f t I l b )
Transverse v e l o c i t y i n subchannel , (ftlsec)
D i v e r s i o n c r o s s f l o w between adjacent subchannels per u n i t

length, ( l b l s e c - f t )
Turbulent ( f l u c t u a t i n g ) c r o s s f l o w per u n i t length, (1 b l s e c - f t )
Q u a l i t y , mg/(mg + mf) ,
A x i a l node length, ( f t )
AY Width of thermal ly-conducting wall, ( f t )
'ij Effective centroid distance, . ( f t )

a Void f r a c t i o n , Ag/(Ag + Af)
B Turbulent mixing parameter, (Dimensionless)
Y S l i p r a t i o , (u / u )
g f
3
P Two-phase density, p ga + p f ( l - a ) , ( l b / f t )
3
Saturated vapor and liquid density, ( 1 b / f t )
n
Wall shear s t r e s s , (1b f / f t L )
4 Two-phase f r i c t i o n mu1 tip1 i e r
u Viscosity, (1bf/ft-sec)
Superscripts
*' Convected quantity
- Previous time quantity
n , n+l Time step index

Subscripts
Axial levels
k ~ a t e r ally convected quantity

w Thermal wall property
THIS PAGE
WAS INTENTIONALLY
LEFT BLANK
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors wish t o ' express t h e i r a p p r e c i a t i o n t o D r . Joe Hopenfeld

o f ERDA/RRD and D r . L. S. Tong o f NRC/RSR f o r t h e i r d i r e c t i o n and support
A o f t h e COBRA program. I n a d d i t i o n , t h e authors g r a t e f u l l y acknowledge t h e .
e f f o r t s o f C. A. McMonagle i n i n c o r p o r a t i n g t h e RELAP heat t r a n s f e r
package, J. M. Cuta f o r t h e many hours spent e x e r c i s i n g and debugging t h e
code, G. D. Seybold f o r h i s programing assistance, A. J. C u r r i e f o r e d i t i n g
assistance, and t h e Graphics and Technical P u b l i c a t i o n s Sections of PNL f o r
preparation o f the f i n a l report.
THIS PAGE
WAS INTENTIONALLY
LEFT BLANK
I
REFERENCES
1. D. S. Rowe, COBRA-IIIC: A Digital Computer Program for Steady-State'

-and Transient Thermal-Hydraulic Analysis of Rod Bundle Nuclear Fuel
Elements,.BNWL-1695, Battelle-Northwest, Richland, WAY March 1973.
2. F. H. Harlow,. et al., The MAC Method, A Computing Technique for Solving
Viscous Incompressible, Transient Fluid-Flow Problems Involving Free
Surfaces, LA-3425, Los Alamos Sctentific Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM,
March 1966.
3 . C. W. Hirt and J. L. Cook, "Calculatina Three-Dimensional Flows around
~ h n, " ~oirnalof Computational Physics ,
Structures and over ~ o u -~errai
vol. 10, pp. 324-340, 1972.
4. B. ~ i n l a ~ s b nThe
, Method of Weighted Residuals and Variational Principles,
Mathematics in Science and Engineering Series, vol. 87, Academic Press,
New York, NYy 1972.
5. R. 3 . Cena, N. F. Sather, and D. S. Rowe, "Predicting Fuel Rod
Temperature Response by Orthogonal Collocation," ANS Transactions,
vol. 21, pp. 205-206, June 1975.
6. K. V. Moore and W. H. Rettig, RELAP4: A Computer Program for Transient
Thermal-Hydraulic Analysis, ANCR-1127, Aerojet Nuclear Company,
Idaho Falls, ID, December 1973.
APPENDIX A
SUBROUTINE DESCRIPTION
APPENDIX A
SUBROUTINE DESCRIPTION
.Subroutine AREA (J, JX)
This subroutine c a l c u l a t e s subchannel area and gap spacings by using

t h e t a b u l a r l i s t o f area and gap v a r i a t i o n s supplied as input. A l i n e a r
i n t e r p o l a t i o n i s used t o s e l e c t values from these tables. When w i r e wrap
mixing i s included AREA c o r r e c t s t h e subchannel f l o w area and h y d r a u l i c
diameter according t o t h e w i r e wrap inventory. J and JX are t h e c a l c u l a -
t i o n l e v e l and t h e a x i a l node. For n o n r o l l e d problems J = JX, f o r r o l l e d
problems J - < 2.
Subroutine BVOID ( I )
This subroutine c a l c u l a t e s t h e b u l k v o i d f r a c t i o n used i n t h e i m p l i c i t

s o l u t i o n scheme according t o a c o r r e l a t i o n selected by t h e user. Several
c o r r e l a t i o n .forms a r e provided r e q u i r i n g a r b i t r a r y constants read from
i n p u t . These a r e provided so t h a t t h e user can s e l e c t t h e c o r r e l a t i o n
form and c o e f f i c i e n t s t h a t a r e most a p p l i c a b l e t o t h e p a r t i c u l a r problem.
This subroutine i s n o t used i n t h e e x p l i c i t s o l u t i o n because t h e r e

t h e homogeneous model i s used e x c l u s i v e l y .
-subroutine CHF (JSTART, JEND)
A t t h e completion o f t h e subchannel flow and enthalpy c a l c u l a t i o n an

o p t i o n a l c a l l t o subroutine CHF i s provided t o c a l c u l a t e . c r i t i c a l heat
f l u x r a t i o s over t h e p o r t i o n o f t h e channel denoted by J = JSTART through
J = JEND. The c r i t i c a l heat f l u x r a t i o CHFR(N,J) ,and c r i t i c a l channel
CCHANL(N,J) a r e c a l c u l a t e d f o r each r o d N a t p o s i t i o n J: CHFR(N,J) i s
a l s o searched t o determine t h e minimum c r i t i c a l heat f l u x r a t i o MCHFR(J),
c r i t i c a l r o d ,MCHFRR(J) and c r i t i c a l channel MCHFRC(J) a t each a x i a l loca-
t i o n J. The data i s p r i n t e d as p a r t of t h e fuel temperature and heat f l u x
output.
Subroutine CHFl (N, I,J, JXL
CHFl uses t h e B&W-2 c o r r e l a t i o n and t h e c o o l a n t p r o p e r t i e s of t h e I t h

channel t o c a l c u l a t e t h e c r i t i c a l heat f l u x o f t h e Nth r o d a t t h e JXth
a x i a l node.
Subroutine CHF2 (N, I,J, JX)
CHF2 uses t h e W-3 c o r r e l a t i o n and t h e c o o l a n t p r o p e r t i e s o f t h e I t h

channel t o c a l c u l a t e t h e c r i t i c a l heat f l u x o f t h e Nth r o d a t t h e JXth
a x i a l node.
Subroutine CHRCOR ( I , ' N , J, JX)
CHFCOR c a l c u l a t e s t h e c r i t i c a l heat f l u x used by HCOOL. Three c o r r e l a -

t i o n s a r e included, and t h e system pressure i s used as t h e basis f o r
selecting the appropriate correlation.
Subroutine CLEAR (STATUS)
Subroutine CLEAR i s used t o z e r o COMMON p r i o r t o execution. I t i s

n o t c a l l e d f o r each case. The s i z e o f any common area t o be zeroed i s
computed using a system r o u t i n e LOCF ( f o r CYBER). Other machines w i l l
need t o compensate f o r t h e use of LOCF i n order t o zero core, i f necessary.
STATUS = I d e n t i f i e s a f l a g which may be s e l e c t i v e l y used t o

zero common f o r each case i n mu1t i p l e case execution
passes.
= "YES", common i s zeroed
"NO", common i s n o t zeroed. .
PROGRAM COBRA
The main program performs v a r i a b l e i n i t i a l i z a t i o n e i t h e r by s e t t i n g

t h e v a r i a b l e t o zero o r by c a l l i n g t h e RESTRT r o u t i n e which i n i t i a l i z e s
v a r i a b l e s t o the values saved from a previous run. I t a l s o c o n t r o l s i n p u t
and o u t p u t v i a t h e subroutine SETUP and RESULT, and i t d i r e c t s t h e solu-
t i o n approach by c a l l i n g e i t h e r SCHEME (steady-state and imp1i c i t t r a n -
I
s i e n t ) o r XSCHEME (expl i c i t t r a n s i e n t ) . The t r a n s i e n t boundary c o n d i t i o n s
and f o r c i n g f u n c t i o n s a r e a l s o s e t i n COBRA a t t h e beginning o f each time
step.
Subroutine CURVE (FX, X j F, Y, N, J , ISAVE)
This subroutine performs l i n e a r i n t e r p o l a t i o n o f t a b u l a t e d data. The

v a r i a b l e s i n t h e argument l i s t a r e defined as:
FX = Q u a n t i t y t o ' be Tound
X =. Independent v a r i a b l e
F = I n p u t a r r a y o f , values of t h e dependent v a r i a b l e
Y
= I n p u t a r r a y of values of t h e independent v a r i a b l e
=.Number o f F values i n t a b l e
N
J = Error signal
ISAVE = Table search switch. For ISAVE = 1, a complete t a b l e search
on t h e independent v a r i a b l e i s done. For ISAVE = 2, t h e
l o c a t i o n i n t h e t a b l e which brackets t h e independent v a r i a b l e
i s known from a previous c a l l t o curve and t h e t a b l e search i s
n o t performed..
Subroutine 'DIFFER (IPART, J, JX)
Subroutine DIFFER i s d i v i d e d i n t o 4 p a r t s as i n d i c a t e d by t h e v a r i a b l e
IPART.
P a r t 1 i s used t o c a l c u l a t e t h e r i g h t hand s i d e o f equation ( 7 ) which

i s designated DHDX(F) and i s an i n i t i a l estimate o f t h e enthalpy g r a d i e n t
{dh/dxl. For t h e steady-state and scheme t r a n s i e n t c a l c u l a t i o n s , dh/dx
c o n s i s t s o n l y of t h e energy change due t o a x i a l conduction and energy
t r a n s p o r t from t h e rods. For t h e XSCHEME t r a n s i e n t , dh/dx contains a l l
forms o f energy t r a n s p o r t and i s t r u l y t h e steady-state energy g r a d i e n t
dh/dx. When t h e w a l l heat t r a n s p o r t model i s used t h e o v e r a l l w a l l - t o -
coolant heat t r a n s f e r c o e f f i c i e n t UWALL along w i t h a c o e f f i c i e n t t o
convert coolant temperature t o enthalpy i s a l s o c a l c u l a t e d i n P a r t 1.
P a r t 2 c a l c u l a t e s t h e crossflow r e s i s t a n c e C i j and t h e transverse

momentum f l u x term.
. . P a r t 3 c a l c u l a t e s t h e pressure c o e f f i c i e n t K used i n equation ( 9 ) and
designates i t DPK(1). I t a l s o c a l c u l a t e s t h e o t h e r components of t h e
pressure g r a d i e n t w i t h o u t t h e d i v i s i o n crossflow terms as d e f i n e d by ,
equation ( 9 ) and designates i t as DPDX(1).
P a r t 4 c a l c u l a t e s t h e complete pressure g r a d i e n t {dp/dxl i n c l u d i n g

t h e crossflow terms and designates i t DPDX(1).
Subroutine DIVERT (J, JX)
This subroutine sets up t h e c o e f f i c i e n t m a t r i x '[AAA] and t h e vector

. { B l such t h a t
and then solves t h e s e t o f equations f o r w. The s o l u t i o n i s performed i n

DIVERT u s i n g t h e Gauss-Siedel i t e r a t i v e s o l u t i o n method. The convergence
c r i t e r i o n used i s t h a t , i f a l l wk s a t i s f y
where wk = most r e c e n t estimate o f w
w ' = previous estimate o f w

- nk
w = J: wk/nk = average cross f l o w i n a given plane
k= 1
then i t i s assumed t h a t t h e s o l u t i o n has converged. This c r i t e r i o n was

chosen because i t a1 lows f o r t i g h t convergence on t h e r e l a t i v e l y l a r g e
crossflows w h i l e m a i n t a i n i n g loose convergence on t h e r e 1a t i v e l y small
.
c r o s s f 1ows
A- 3
Subroutine DUMPIT
This subroutine i s used t o s t o r e a l l l a b e l e d and blank common on

l o g i c a l u n i t 8. This r o u t i n e allows t h e user t o save t h e c u r r e n t computed
values, l o o k a t t h e . r e s u l t s and, then, ifdesired, continue t h e s o l u t i o n .
Subroutine. FORCE (J, JX)
Subroutine FORCE i s provided t o s p e c i f y forced d i v e r s i o n crossflow a t

s e l e c t e d gaps and a t selected a x i a l p o s i t i o n s . Ifa forced crossflow i s
s p e c i f i e d , t h e v a r i a b l e FDIV = 1.0; otherwise, FDIV = 0. Subroutine FORCE
includes two options f o r forced crossflow mixing. One o p t i o n i s t h e w i r e
wrap mixing model f o r which FORCE computes a forced crossflow when a w i r e
crosses a gap. The o t h e r o p t i o n i s f o r a s p e c i f i e d f l o w f r a c t i o n d i v e r t e d
from one subchannel t o an adjacent subchannel by g r i d spacers.
Subroutine HCOOL ( I , N, J, JX, HTC, IMODE)
HCOOL i s t h e primary subroutine used i n t h e determinatioh o f a heat

t r a n s f e r c o e f f i c i e n t . As such, i t contains t h e l o g i c t o determine which
regime on t h e b o i l i n g curve i s appropriate. HCOOL c a l l s HTCOR t o o b t a i n
t h e surface c o e f f i c i e n t from s p e c i f i c c o r r e l a t i o n s , and CHFCOR t o o b t a i n
t h e c r i t i c a l heat f l u x .
The v a r i a b l e s i n t h e c a l l 1 i s t ' a r e given below:
I - channel number
N - .rod number
J - calculation level
JX - axial location
HTC - heat t r a n s f e r c o e f f i c i e n t c a l c u l a t e d i n HTCOR
1MODE.- f l a g t.0 designate regions on t h e b o i l i n g curve
Subroutine HEAT (NSS, JB, NHT, JX3)
Subroutine HEAT c o n s i s t s o f t h r e e p a r t s i n d i c a t e d by NHT. P a r t 1

c a l c u l a t e s t h e heat f l u x o f each r o d a t a1.l a x i a l l e v e l s based on t h e r o d
power. I f t h e f u e l model i s used, t h e i n t e r n a l r o d temperatures are a l s o
c a l c u l a t e d here. P a r t 2 c a l c u l a t e s t h e heat i n p u t t o each i n d i v i d u a l
subchannel using t h e heat f 1ux frori~ P a r t 1. P a r t 3 c a l cul ates t h e averodye
f l u i d temperature and average heat t r a n s f e r c o e f f i c i e n t used i n t h e f u e l
NSS -
conduction model. NSS i n d i c a t e s from which r o u t i n e HEAT i s c a l l e d .
0, SCHEME, NSS = 1, XSCIIEM. NSS =. 2 , i n i t i a l i z a t i o n i n COBRA.
JB = t h e c a l c u l a t i o n l e v e l and JX3 i s t h e a x i a l l o c a t i o n .
Subroutine HTCOR (HTc, TSURF, I N , N, J, RE, DE, IPART)
HTCOR c a l c u l a t e s a heat t r a n s f e r c o e f f i c i e n t by t h e c o r r e l a t i o n
specified i n the c a l l l i s t .
The arguments i n t h e c a l l l i s t are:
HTC - heat t r a n s f e r c o e f f i c i e n t
TSURF - r o d surface temperature
I - channel number
N - r o d number
J - calculation level
RE - Reynolds number
DE - h y d r a u l i c diameter
IPART - f l a g - t o designate a p a r t i c u l a r ' c o r r e l a t i o n
Subroutine ISWAP ( I , J, K l
This r o u t i n e i s used i n conjunction w i t h t h e r o l l o p t i o n t o i n t e r -

change t h e i n p u t and o u t p u t l o g i c a l u n i t designations; i.e., l o g i c a l
u n i t I becomes l o g i c a l u n i t J, and l o g i c a l u n i t J becomes I. K i s a f i l e
p o s i t i o n i n g switch. I f K equals 1, then both I and 3 a r e p o s i t i o n e d a t '
t h e beginning o f t h e f i r s t record. I f K i s n o t equal t o one, then both
I and 3 a r e . p o s i t i o n e d a t t h e s t a r t o f t h e second record.
Subroutine LOAD (X, Y, Z, MIN, MAX, LIMIT, STEP, IMAGE, CARD, LU) I
LOAD i s used t o r e p l a c e redundant l o g i c w i t h i n subroutine SETUP. I t

i s designed t o a l l o w t h e l o a d i n g o f i n p u t data o n l y a f t e r t h e group card
parameters have been v e r i f i e d .
X = F i r s t v a r i a b l e t o be loaded. (Step = 1 )
Y = Second v a r i a b l e t o be loaded. (Step = 2 ) .
Z = T h i r d v a r i a b l e t o be loaded. (Step = 3 )
STEP = The number o f v a r i a b l e s t o be loaded s e q u e n t i a l l y . (1 cSTEP53)
MIN = The maximum allowable s e t s o f (X,Y ,Z) which can be loaxed.
MAX = I d e n t i f i e s t h e number of s e t s of (X,Y ,Z) t h e user attempts
t o load.
I f (MAX>MIN), then a dummy read i s used t o account f o r remaining
cards. This allows subsequent i n p u t t o be edited.
LIMIT = I d e n t i f i e s t h e maximum number o f data values per card which can
be loaded v i a t h e forrnattcd IMAGE.
IMAGE = I d e n t i f i e s t h e v a r i a b l e FORMAT t o be used f o r l o a d i n g i n p u t
data.
CARD = I n p u t card counter; f o r l a b e l i n g which card may be i n e r r o r .
LU = I n p u t device used f o r reading i n p u t data.
Subroutine LOADL (X, Y, Z, MIN, MAX, LIMIT,. STEP, IMAGE, CARD, LU)
LOADL i s i d e n t i c a l i n f u n c t i o n t o subroutine LOAD, except t h a t (X,Y,Z)
a r e v a r i a b l e s which may be a l l o c a t e d t o Level 2, ( l a r g e core memory) on a
CYBER-7600 system. This r o u t i n e i s used regardless o f t h e system on which
COBRA i s being r u n and t h e necessary storage a l l o c a t i o n s a r e provided by
Program SPECSET.
Subroutine LIMITS (NUM, MIN, MAX, GROUP, CARD, ERROR)
This r o u t i n e i s designed f o r use w i t h i n subroutine SETUP t o enhance
t h e e d i t i n g of i n p u t data. I t s f u n c t i o n i s t o guarantee t h a t t h e number
o f values read i n t o an a r r a y are w i t h i n t h e dimensioned l i m i t s o f t h e
code. I f not, t h e parameter, NUM, i s changed o n l y f o r t h e convenience o f
e d i t i n g ; however, t h e case w i l l be terminated a f t e r t h e i n p u t i s edited.
I n a d d i t i o n , a - l i m i t o f t w e n t y - f i v e accumulated e r r o r s are allowed, a f t e r
which t h e e d i t i n g w i l l cease.
.NUM = I n p u t parameter t o be checked

MIN = Minimum a l l o w a b l e value f o r NUM
MAX = Maximum a l l o w a b l e value f o r NUM
GROUP = Card group i d e n t i f i e r f o r e d i t i n g d i a g n o s t i c s
CARD = I n p u t card counter; f o r l a b e l i n g which card may be i n e r r o r
ERROR = Alphanumeric f l a g f o r e d i t i n g . I f ERROR = "yes", t h e code.
w i l l terminate f o l l o w i n g t h e e d i t i n g o f i n p u t data.
Subroutine M I X
Subroutine M I X c a l c u l a t e s t h e thermal mixing parameters w ' , which i s

designated by WP(k) . Since completely general c o r r e l a t i o n s f o r mixing
have n o t been developed f o r s i n g l e and two-phase mixing, t h i s subroutine
i s s e t up so t h a t improved c o r r e l a t i o n f u n c t i o n s can be included when they
become a v a i l a b l e . The approach used i s t o separate t h e mixing i n t o
b o i l i n g and n o n b o i l i n g regions. For n o n b o i l i n g c o n d i t i o n s , several
c o r r e l a t i o n forms a r e i n c l u d e d as shown i n Appendix F. For two-phase
f l o w , t h e s i n g l e phase c o r r e l a t i o n s may be assumed, o r t h e mixing r a t e may
be s p e c i f i e d as a f u n c t i o n o f q u a l i t y .
Subroutine PBOUND (JUMP)
T h i s r o u t i n e i s used t o modify t h e i n l e t f l o w r a t e f o r t h e steady-

s t a t e s o l u t i o n u n t i 1 a1 1 subchannel pressure drops a r e approximately equal
t o t h e s p e c i f i e d pressure drop DPS. JUMP i s t h e convergence i n d i c a t o r .
For JUMP n o t equal t o 2, t h e i n l e t flows a r e m o d i f i e d by t h e f o l l o w i n g
a1g o r i thim:
FINLET(1) = 1 + (DPS AP(l)) - FINLET ( I )

2(DP(I) h) -
whcrc:
AP-(I~ = o v e r a l l pressure drop o f t h e I t h channel

h = average g r a v a t i o n a l head of a l l channels.
Subroutine PROP (IPART, J, JX)
This subroutine c o n s i s t s o f two p a r t s . The f i r s t p a r t c a l c u l a t e s t h e

s a t u r a t e d f 1u i d p r o p e r t i e s as a function o f t h e system reference pressure.
The.second p a r t c a l c u l a t e s a l l t h e l i q u i d o r superheated f l u i d p r o p e r t i e s
.as a f u n c t i o n o f temperature and l i m i t s these t o saturated values d u r i n g
b o i l i n g . The second p a r t a l s o c a l c u l a t e s , i f c a l l e d f o r , the convection
• heat t r a n s f e r c o e f f i c i e n t used i n Levy's subcooled v o i d model.
Subroutine RESTRT (NTSTRT, ISTART)
This r o u t i n e i n i t i a l i z e s v a r i a b l e s t o t h e values t h a t were saved by

subroutine DUMPITlfrom a previous s o l u t i o n .
The f i r s t f u n c t i o n o f RESTRT i s t o r e t r i e v e t h e p r e v i o u s l y saved

s o l u t i o n and i n i t i a l i z e common t o t h e s t o r e d values. Next, a RESTRT data
card i s read d e f i n i n g t h e type o f r e s t a r t desired. I n a d d i t i o n t o t h e
r e s t a r t data read, c e r t a i n values from t h e previous s o l u t i o n d i c t a t e how
t h e s o l u t i o n may be r e s t a r t e d . The f l o w c h a r t i n Figure A-1 i l l u s t r a t e s
t h e RESTRT options a v a i l a b l e i n t h e code.
Subroutine RESULT (NT)
A l l p r i n t i n g and/or l i n e p l o t t i n g o f the r e s u l t s i s done by t h i s

subroutine. NT i s t h e c u r r e n t time increment number.
Subroutine ROLLIT (J, JX, SAVEA1, SAVEA2, SAVEA3, NWR, NDXP1, LUO, LUI)
This subroutine i s used i n conjunction w i t h t h e r o l l o p t i o n t o i n p u t

and o u t p u t temporary storage values o f t h e a x i a l dependent v a r i a b l e s .
J i s t h e c u r r e n t c a l c u l a t i o n l e v e l , and JX i's t h e physical, a x i a l 1eve;l.
The v a r i a b l e s SAVEA1, SAVEA2 and SAVEA3 a r e vectors o f l e n g t h NWR, which
a r e equivalenced t o t h e a x i a l dependent v a r i a b l e s a t t h e a x i a l l e v e l s
J-1, J, and J+1, r e s p e c t i v e l y . NDXP1, LUO, and .LUI are t h e number o f
..- a x i a l nodes p l u s one, t h e o u t p u t l o g i c a l u n i t and t h e i n p u t l o g i c a l u n i t ,
respectively.
Subroutine SCHEME (NTRIES, JUMP, ISTART, MAXT, NJUMP)
This subroutine performs t h e steady-state and i m p l i c i t t r a n s i e n t

numerieal s o l u t i o n . Given a s e t of,boundary and i n i t i a l conditions, i t
c a r r i e s t h e c a l c u l a t i o n s through t h e bundle i n a stepwise manner.
The c a l c u l a t i o n a l procedure i s b e s t i l l u s t r a t e d by t h e f l o w c h a r t
shown i n Figure A-2. F i r s t t h e enthal py h ( x ) i s c a l c u l a t e d and an estimate
f o r m(x) i s made f o r t h e f i r s t i t e r a t i o n only. The crossflow w(x) and
a x i a l f l o w m(x) a r e then calculated. Any value of w(x) o r m(x) n o t con-
verged t o w i t h i n a selected t o l e r a n c e i s s u f f i c i e n t t o s e t t h e nonconverg-
ence f l a g JUMP t o 1. Following t h e flow and crossflow c a l c u l a t i o n s , t h e
pressure P(x) and pressure d i f f e r e n c e [D]P(x) i s calculated. The procedure
i s repeated stepwise up t h e bundle u n t i l t h e e x i t i s reached. I f t h e flows
and crossflows have converged (JUMP = 2) o r t h e maximum allowable number
of i t e r a t i o n s i s reached, c o n t r o l i s r e t u r n e d t o t h e main program. Other-
P
wise t h e bundle i s swept again using new estimates f o r flows i n t h e
calculations.
FROM SUBROUTINE SETUP
DO NOT READ ANY FOLLOWING RETURN FROM
ADDITIONAL INPUT
BEGIN A TRANSIENT
( NJUMP = 2 \r FROM T l M E ZERO
FROM A PREVIOUS
STEADY STATE SOLUTION
CALCULATE A NEW
AS FIRST GUESS
I CONTINUE
lTERATI ONS ON
PREV lOUS STEADY
STATE SOLUTION
/1 CONTINUE
TIME STEPS
ON PREVIOUS
TRANSIENT SOLUTl ON
11
I CONTINUE TI ME STEPS
ON A PREVIOUS TRANSIENT
SOLUTION. WITH ADDITIONAL
DATAREAD 11
\
FOLLOW1NG STEADY STATE

SOLUTION CALCULATE
A TRANS IENT SOLUTION 1
NO TRANS IENT
SOLUTION
FIGURE A-1. Subroutine RESTRT A v a i l a b l e Code Options

I-I, START
.
1 CALCULATE
PARAMETERS
ATx=O 1
SET NEW VALUE OF x
CALCULATE h(x)
+ l-7 CALCULATE w(x)
CALCULATE m(x)
- -
CALCULATE. P(x) :!DcI p(x)
END OF CHANNEL
1 YES
FIGURE. A-2. . Subroutine SCHEME Calculation . Procedure
A- 9
Regardless o f convergence, a minimum number o f i t e r a t i o n s i s r e q u i r e d
depending on t h e f u e l model options employed:
-- . - . . -.
M i nimum Number \
Iterations Fuel Nodel Options
2 No f u e l model
3 Fuel model w i t h o u t RELAP type heat t r a n s f e r

package
4 Fuel model w i t h heat t r a n s f e r package
The v a r l a b les i n t h e argument 1i s t a r e defined as:

NTRIES - Maxim~rmnl.~r?bero f i t e r a t i o n s allowed, I f t h c s o l u t i o n
has n o t converged a f t e r NTRIES t h e r e s u l t s are output
and t h e c a l c u l a t i o n s stnp.
JUMP- Convergence i n d i c a t o r
ISTART - S t a r t i n g i t e r a t i o n number. May be o t h e r than 1 f o r

r e s t a r t cases.
MAXT - Maximum allowed elapsed r e a l time.. I f computer CP time

exceeds MAXT, the. r e s u l t s are output f o l l o w i n g t h e c u r r e n t
i t e r a t i o n sweep o f t h e bundle. . .
NJUMP - Procedure, i n d i c a t o r . I f NJUMP = 0, t h e run i s a standard

r u n o r simple r e s t a r t ; i f i t equals 1, then t h e run i s a
r e s t a r t r u n w i t h new i n p u t .
Function SCQUAL (I,

J)
T h i s r o u t i n e i s used t o c a l c u l a t e t h e subcooled qua1 i t y f o r t h e I t h

channel a t t h e J t h a x i a l node using Levy's subcooled v o i d model.
Subroutlne SETUP
T h i s subroutine i s used t o i n p u t data, check the i n p u t data a g a i n s t

dimension l i m i t s and produce a l i s t i n g o f the i n p u t .
Subroutine SPLIT d i v i d e s t h e subchannel f l o w r a t e s a t t h e i n l e t o f

t h e bundle t o g i v e equal pressure g r a d i e n t s across t h e f i r s t node by
assuming t h a t t h e r e i s no s p a t i a l a c c e l e r a t i o n component o f pressure drop.
Subroutine TEMP (TTy N, JJy IFLAGy ISS, JXX)
Subroutine TEMP c a l c u l a t e s i n t e r n a l r o d temperatures based on a

thermal conduction model, using t h e orthogonal c o l l o c a t i o n method of
weighted r e s i d u a l s . For r o d N a t a x i a l l e v e l JXX, t h e conduction equation
i s solved f o r t h e unknown r o d temperatures TT. E i t h e r t h e c y l i n d r i c a l
(JJ = 1 ) o r p l a t e (JJ = 2 ) f u e l o p t i o n i s used and e i t h e r steady-state
. (ISS = 1 ) o r t r a n s i e n t (ISS = 0) c a l c u l a t i o n s a r e performed. Convergence
e r r o r s a r e s i g n i f i e d by IFLAG.
Subroutine V O I D ,
Subroutine V O I D c a l c u l a t e s t h e subcooled v o i d f r a c t i o n , b u l k v o i d
f r a c t i o n , d e n s i t y , e f f e c t i v e s p e c i f i c volume f o r momentum, two-phase
f r i c t i o n g r a d i e n t m u l t i p l i e r v e l o c i t y and energy t r a n s p o r t v e l o c i t y .
Several c o r r e l a t i o n s a r e i n c l u d e d i n t h i s subroutine t h a t . t h e user can
s e 1 e c t . b ~option'. These a r e provided as an example w i t h t h e thought t h a t
t h e users w i l l s e t up c o r r e l a t i o n s t h a t a r e most a p p l i c a b l e t o t h e i r
p a r t i c u l a r problems. This subroutine i s n o t c a l l e d from t h e e x p l i c i t
s o l u t i o n scheme.
Subroutine XSCHEM (IPART)
Subroutine XSCHEM c a r r i e s o u t t h e e x p l i c i t t r a n s i e n t s o l u t i o n . I t s
f u n c t i o n i s e q u i v a l e n t t o SCHEME f o r t h e i m p l i c i t s o l u t i o n . A normal c a l l
t o XSCHEM (IPART = 2 ) advances t h e s o l u t i o n one complete time step and
computes t h e d u r a t i o n o f t h e n e x t time step. For t h e running s t a r t options,
t h e steady-state i m p l i c i t s o l u t i o n i s f i r s t c a l c u l a t e d . The r e s u l t i n g
subchannel flows a r e then used t o determine t h e maximum time step allowed
f o r t h e e x p l i c i t t r a n s i e n t by a c a l l t o XSCHEM (IPART = 1 ) . Otherwise, an
i n p u t value f o r t h e maximum a l l o w a b l e time step i s used f o r t h e f i r s t time
step.
One pass through XSCHEM w i t h IPART = 2 r e s u l t s i n t h r e e channel

sweeps. The f i r s t computes t e n t a t i v e f l o w s and a l s o updates f u e l tempera-
tures, i f a fuel model i s used. The second sweep i s i t e r a t e d f o r t h e
a c t u a l flow/pressure f i e l d s o l u t i o n u n t i l t h e maximum d i l a t i o n i n any one
c e l l i s s u f f i c i e n t l y small. The l a s t channel sweep f i n d s t h e maximum
Courant number i n t h e mesh f o r computing t h e n e x t t i m e step. The f l o w
c h a r t i n Figure A-3 i l l u s t r a t e s t h e computational procedure i n XSCHEM.
0 START
FUEL TEMPERATURES
+
I BEGIN CHANNEL SWEEP I
+
'COMPUTE TENTATIVE F L W S
EXPANSI W TERM
. , l-5 END CHANNEL SWEEP
I BEGIN CHANNEL SWEEP
CALCULATE DIIATION AND

UPDATE PRESSURC F L W
'
AND SPECIFIC VOLUME
END CHANNEL SWEEP
YES L
MAXIMUM COURAM NUMBER
I CQMPIR NPW TlMF l i m p I 3
FIGURE A-3: Subroutine XSCIIEME

Computational Procedure
APPENDIX B
CONSTITUTIVE RELATIONSHIPS
SUPERHEATED STEAM PROPERTIES
A subroutine has been added t o COBRA t o c a l c u l a t e t h e p r o p e r t i e s o f

superheated steam from atmospheric pressure t o 2400 p s i a and from t h e
s a t u r a t i o n temperature t o 1500°F.
C a l c u l a t i o n methods from several sources have been used t o evaluate

enthalpy, s p e c i f i c volume, s p e c i f i c heat, s a t u r a t i o n temperature, thermal
c o n d u c t i v i t y , and v i s c o s i t y as functions of pressure and temperature. I t
i s assumed t h a t l o c a l pressures a r e s u f f i c i e n t l y near t h e reference pres-
sure such t h a t t h e p r o p e r t i e s a r e a f u n c t i o n o f reference pressure and
temperature only. Given t h e reference pressure, a r r a y s f o r t h e p r o p e r t i e s
a r e evaluated from t h e s a t u r a t i o n temperature t o 1500°F. Subchannel pro-
p e r t i e s a r e evaluated by i n t e r p o l a t i o n o f t h e p r o p e r t y arrays d u r i n g com-
p u t a t i o n . When r e f e r e n c e pressure t r a n s i e n t s occur, t h e steam p r o p e r t y
a r r a y s a r e r e i n i t i a l i z e d a t prescribed percent changes i n reference
pressure.
Enthalpy and s p e c i f i c volume a r e valuated w i t h the r e l a t i o n s h i p s used

i n t h e Keenan and Keys t a b l e s o f 1936,fl) and t h e s p e c i f i c heat i s evaluated
as Ah/AT. Agreement w i t h t h e 1967 ASME STEAM TABLES(^) i s w i t h i n 1% f o r
enthalpy and s p e c i f i c volume, and w i t h i n 4% f o r t h e s p e c i f i c heat. The
v i s c o s i t y and thermal c o n d u c t i v i t y a r e c a l c u l a t e d by t h e equations l i s t e d
i n the 1967 ASME Tables where a p p l i c a b l e . I n regions n o t covered by these
r e l a t i o n s h i s, t h e recommended data i n t e r p o l a t i o n given by McClintock and
P
~ i l v e s t r( i3 i s used. The equations a r e a l s o extended i n use from t h e
recommended temperature l i m i t of 1292°F t o 1500°F. Agreement w i t h t a b u l a r
values i n t h e 1967 ASME Tables i s w i t h i n t h e 56% range e s t a b l i s h e d f o r
these curves.
The c a l c u l a t i o n of fuel r o d temperatures i n COBRA r e q u i r e s t h e s p e c i f i -

c a t i o n of heat t r a n s f e r c o e f f i c i e n t s a t t h e clad surface. Tn meet t h i s
requirement, t h e c o r r e l a t i o n s and basic s e l e c t i o n l o g i c contained i n t h e
RELAP4 computer program have been used. ( 4 )
Seven regions a r e considered: f o r c e d convection, subcooled and

n u c l e a t e ' b o i l i n g , forced convection v a p o r i z a t i o n , t r a n s i t i o n b o i l i n g ,
t r a n s i t i o n pool b o i l i n g , f i l m b o i l i n g , and pool f i l m b o i l i n g . The schematic
i n F i g u r e B-1 shows t h e r e l a t i v e regions o f a p p l i c a b i l i t y f o r each on a
heat f l u x versus temperature p l o t . The c o r r e l a t i o n s used f o r each regime
a-re l i s t e d i n Table B-1,
I n a d d i t i o n t o t h e s t a t e d c o r r e l a t i o n s , a minimum heat t r a n s f e r c o e f f i -
c i e n t o f 5 ~ t u / h r - f t z - " ~i s assumed.
CHF
I n ,q
(Ln (T CLAD - Tsat))
A - B Forced convection
B - C Subcooled and nucleate b o i l i n g , and

f o r c e d convection v a p o r i z a t i o n
C - D T r a n s i t i o n b o i l i n g and t r a n s i t i o n
pool' b o i l i n g
!
- D - E F i l m b o i l i n g , low pressure f i l m
b o i l i n g and pool f i l m b o i l i n g
c' -
-.*, FIGURE B-1. Regional A p p l i c a t i o n o f Heat Transfer C o r r e l a t i o n s
Three c r i t i c a l heat f l u x c o r r e l a t i o n s are used. The c o r r e l a t i o n s and

c r i t e r i a f o r s e l e c t i o n a r e shown i n Table B-1. A d d i t i o n a l l y , a minimum
value o f 90,000 ~ t u / h r - f t 2 , t h e presumed value f o r a stagnant f l u i d , i s
assumed. When t h e mass f l u x . i s l e s s than 2x105 1bm/hr-ft2, t h e c r i t i c a l
heat f l u x i s i n t e r p o l a t e d between 90,000 ~ t u / h r - f t 2 and the value c a l -
c u l a t e d v i a t h e a p p r o p r i a t e c o r r e l a t i o n a t a mass f l u x o f 2x105 lbm/hr-ft2.
The s e l e c t i o n of t h e appropriate heat t r a n s f e r c o r r e l a t i o n i s based on

t h r e e conditions. The f i r s t i s an e v a l u a t i o n o f t h e physical s t a t e . t o r
example, i f t h e c l a d temperature I s below t h e s a t u r a t i o n temperature, the
f o r c e d convection regime i s appropriate. The second i s t h e e v a l u a t i o n o f
t h e c r i t i c a l heat f l u x and t h e c l a d temperature t h a t would e x i s t a t t h i s
heat f l u x . Comparison determines whether pre-CHF o r post-CHF c o r r e l a t i o n s
a r e appropriate. The t h i r d c r i t e r i o n i s the comparison o f two o r more
c a l c u l a t e d heat t r a n s f e r c o e f f i c i e n t s in' order t o s e l e c t t h e proper c o e f f i -
c i e n t i n regions where c o r r e l a t i o n s overlap.
TABLE B-1. Meat Transfer and C r i t i c a l
Heat Flux C o r r e l a t i o n s
HEAT TRANSFER CORRELATIONS
PRE CHF
forced convection - D i t t u s and ~ o e l t e r ' ~ )
subcooled and n u c l e a t e b o i l i n g - horn'^)
forced convection vaporization - Schrock and ~ r o s s m a n ( ~ )
POST CHF
transition boiling - McDonough, M i l i c h and in^(^)
stable f i l m b o i l i n g - ~roeneveld'~)
low pressure f i l m b o i ' l i n g - Dougall and oh sen ow(^)
pool f i l m b o i l i n g - ~erenson'~),
t r a n s i t i o n pool b o i l i n g ( h )
CRITICAL HEAT FLUX CORRELATIONS

1.. P/psia < 725
M o d i f i e d ~ a r n e t t )' ~
2. 725cP/psia<lOOO .
i n t e r p o l a t i o n between 8 a r n e t t ( j 1 and m o d i f i e d B a r n e t t
3: 1000 < P/psia i 1300
Barnett'j)
4. 1300 < P/p'sia < 1500
i n t e r p o l a t i o n B a r n e t t ( j l and B and W - 1 1 ' ~ )
5. P/psia > 1500
B and w-II(~)
(a) M. Jacob, Heat Transfer, v o l . 1, New York, Wiley &. Sons, 1957.
(b) J. S. Thom, et.al., ' B o i l i n g i n Subcooled Water During Flow Up Heated Tubes
o r A n n u l i ' , Proc. I n s t n . Mech. Enqrs., v o l . 180, p a r t 36, 1966, pp. 226-246.
(c) V. E. Schrock and L. M. Grossman, Forced Convection B o i l i n g Studies, F i n a l
Report on Forced Convection V a p o r i z a t i o n P r o j e c t , TID-14632, 1959.
(d) J. 6. McDonough. W. M i l i c h , and E. C. King, P a r t i a l F i l m B o i l i n g w i t h Water
a t 2000 p s i q i n a Round V e r t i c a l Tube. MSA Research Corp., Technical Report
62, NP-6976, 1958.
(e) D. C. Groeneveld, An I n v e s t i g a t i o n o f Heat T r a n s f e r i n t h e L i q u i d D e f i c i e n t
Regime, AECL-3281 (Rev.) December 1968; r e v i s e d August 1969.
(f) R. q . n o n g a l l and W. M. Rohcenow, F i l m - B s i l i n q on t h e I n s i d e o f V c r t f c a l
Tubes w i t h Upward Flow o f t h e F l u i d a t Low Q u a l i t i e s , MIT-TR-9079-26, 1963. .
(9) P. J. Berenson, ' F i l m - B o i l i n g Heat T r a n s f e r from a H o r i z o n t a l Surface,'
J. o f Heat T r a n s f e r , v o l . 83, August 1961, pp. 553-558.
(h) K. V. Moore and W. H. R e t t i g . 'RELAP-4: A Computer Program f o r T r a n s i e n t
Thermal-Hydraulic A n a l y s i s ' A e r o j e t Nuclear Co., ANCR-1127, December 1973.
(i) E. D. Hughes, A C o r r e l a t i o n o f Rod Bundle C r i t i c a l Heat F l u x f o r Water i n
t h e Pressure Range 150-725 p s i a , IN-1412, J u l y 1970.
(j) P. G. B a r n e t t , A Correlarisrl o f Burnout Data f o r U n f f o n l y Heated A n n u l i and
I t s Use f o r P r e d i c t i n g Burnout i n U n i f o r m l y Heated Rod Bundles, AEEW-R 463, 1966
(k) $1. S. Gr?l.lerstedt e t . , a l . , ' C o r r e l a t i o n o f C r i t i c a l Heat F l u x i n a Bundle
Cooled by Pressurized Water; Two Phase Flow and Heat T r a n s f e r i n Rod Bundles,
Symposium proceedings o f Winter Annual Meeting o f t h e American S o c i e t y o f
Mechanical Engineers, Los Angeles, C a l i f o r n i a , November 1966, pp. 63-71.
COMPUTER PROGRAM CORRELATIONS
To c a r r y o u t a s o l u t i o n , e m p i r i c a l and semiempirical c o r r e l a t i o n s must

be s e l e c t e d f o r i n p u t t o . t h e computer program.
F r i c t i o n Factor
The f r i c t i o n f a c t o r c o r r e l a t i o n i s assumed t o be o f t h e form
where a, b, and c a r e s e c i f i e d constants t h a t depend upon t h e subchannel

roughness and geometry.r5) Since these constants can be i n f l u e n c e d by
d i f f e r e n t subchannel roughnesses and t h e pitch-to-diameter r a t i o , ( 6 ) t h e
program can accept up t o four sets o f constants t h a t correspond t o f o u r
subchannel types which may be assigned t o t h e subchannels o f the bundle.
For example, subchannels n e x t t o a flow housing may be given a d i f f e r e n t
f r i c t i o n f a c t o r from those subchannel s w i t h i n t h e bundle.
The f r i t i o n f a c t o r i s a l s o corrected f o r w a l l v i s c o s i t y by using t h e

relationshipf6)
where ball i s evaluated a t t h e w a l l temperature which i s c a l c u l a t e d from
-
.rhi s c o r r e c t i o n i s based on t h e assumption t h a t t h e t o t a l perimeter* con-
s i s t s o f two regions--one heated and t h e o t h e r unheated--and t h a t t h e
heated p o r t i o n has uniform heat f l u x . t h e heat t r a n s f e r c o e f f i c i e n t i s
c a l c u l a t e d from
where b u l k f l u i d p r o p e r t i e s a r e used. A l t e r n a t e forms f o r equation (8-4)

may be s p e c i f i e d from i n p u t . (See SETUP.2.3.)
Two-Phase F r i c t i o n Mu1t i p 1 i e r
Several c o r r e l a t i o n s a r e a v a i l a b l e f o r t h e two-phase f r i c t i o n mu1ti-

p l i e r . Three a r e p r e s e n t l y included i n t h e program.
Homogeneous Model
Armand ( 7 )
Polynomial Function
where t h e c o e f . f i c i e n t s a r e supplied as i n p u t .
Spacer Loss C o e f f i c i e n t
The pressure drop from spacers i s lumped i n t o an e f f e c t i v e l o s s

c o e f f i c i e n t which may be defined(6) i n terms o f a l l l i q u i d f l o w as
f o r two-phase flow, t h e same c o e f f i c i e n t i s used b u t i s m o d i f i e d by t h e

two-phase s p e c i f i c volume f o r momentum. This pressure drop l o s s c o e f f i c i e n t
i s converted t o a pressure g r a d i e n t l o s s c o e f f i c i e n t a t t h e l o c a t i o n o f t h e
spacer by d i v i d i n g t h e c a l c u l a t i o n increment Ax; t h e r e f o r e ,
Void ~ r a c t i o n
Four ways of specifying 'void f r a c t i o n are p r e s e n t l y included i n t h e

program:
Homogeneous Model
S l ip Model
a = 0.
'
where y i s a s p e c i f i e d s l i p r a t i o .
Modi f ied Armand (798)
a = 0. X -
< 0.
Pol ynomi a1 Function

-. cc=o.‘ X 0.
a = a, + aiX + a2X2 + ...anX x X < 0.
Subc0.01 ed Void F r a c t i o n
Two options a r e p r e s e n t l y included. Subcooled v o i d formation ma be

ignored o r i t may be i n c l u d e d by using Levy's subcooled v o i d model. (9 r
Levy's model c a l c u l a t e s t h e t r u e q u a l i t y i n terms o f t h e e q u i l i b r i u m q u a l i t y
and t h e qua 1 it y a t which bubble departure s t a r t s . I t i s given by:
x = o xe < xd
X = X, - Xd exp (-
Xd
Xe
- 1) Xe/Xd < 1
where Xe i s t h e equi 1ibrium qua1 it y and

I
Y~
AT = - ~ Q ( P , + l o g (1 + Pr(T - 1))) - 30
5 < YB.<
Phh
The heat t r a n s f e r c o e f f i c i e n t h i s c a l c u l a t e d from equation (B-4). The

use o f Levy's model may n o t apply u n i v e r s a l l y since the use o f a s i n g l e
phase heat t r a n s f e r c o e f f i c i e n t i s n o t always compatible w i t h experimental
measurements. ( 10)
- --- -- - - - -
_ _ -
.-
1
Several. forms of equations f o r specifying t h e t u r b u l e n t crossflow
a r e included. The p r e s e n t l y a v a i l a b l e forms i n COBRA f o r c a l c u l a t i n g
w ' incl.ude:
? --- .----..-- .
w l k = B sk 6 (8-20)
E a
-
where Re =
U
-
and a and b a r e i n p u t constants. Since a d e f i n i t i v e mixing c o r r e l a t i o n
does n o t e x i s t and o t h e r forms a r e a v a i l a b l e , (11 ,l2,13) t h e user should
s e t up . c o r r e l a t i o n s o f h i s choice.
Also i n c l u d e d i n t h e subcooled mixing i s t h e thermal conduction. When

i t i s included, t h e conduction c o e f f i c i e n t i s given by
where Kg i s a geometric c o r r e c t i o n factor. Note t h a t t h e distance zk i s used

i n both equations (8-23) and (B-28) .. This i s t h e c e n t r o i d - t o - c e n t r o i d
d i s t a n c e between subchannels. Care should be taken t o s e l e c t t h i s value
f o r i t s intended use. For example, zk could be selected as t h e e f f e c t i v e
m i x i n g distance.
Two-Phase Turbulent M i x i n q
Complete i n f o r m a t i o n concerning n i x i n g d u r i n g b o i l i n g i s n o t a v a i l -
able. It i,s known,,however, t h a t mixing i s s t r o n g l y dependent on q u a l i t y ;
t h e r e f o r e , COBRA i s s e t . u p t o accept B as a t a b u l a r f u n c t i o n o f q u a l i t y .
When t h e q u a l i t y o f two adjacent subchannels i s different, t h e c a l c u l a -
t i o n s use a q u a l i t y c a l c u l a t e d from t h e mean mixed enthalpy o f t h e two sub-
channel s.
Transient Correlations
I n t h e present version o f COBRA, steady-state c o r r e l a t i o n s are assumed

t o apply t o t r a n s i e n t s . This assumption should be thoroughly evaluated f o r
t r a n s i e n t analyses.
C r i t i c a l Heat F l ux C o r r e l a t i o n s
Subroutine CHF p r e s e n t l y contains two i n t e r n a l f u n c t i o n s denoted. CHF1

and CHF2 which c a l c u l a t e t h e c r i t i c a l heat f l u x by using t h e B&W-2 and W-3
h e a t . f lux c o r r e l a t i o n s , (14) r e s p e c t i v e l y . An i n p u t o p t i o n i s provided t o
a l l o w t h e user t o s e l e c t e i t h e r o f these c o r r e l a t i o n s . Reference 14
summarizes t h e d e t a i l s o f these two c o r r e l a t i o n s . Other c o r r e l a t i o n options
can be e a s i l y s e t up t h e same way.
To implement t h e nonuniform a x i a l f l u x f a c t o r i n t o COBRA a f i n i t e

increment i n t e g r a t i o n scheme i s used. Given t h e a x i a l f l u x f a c t o r a t
l o c a t i o n X . o f t h e form,
J
. where C i s a constant, consider the integral t o be a summation of f i n i t e
integrals each taken over the calculation increment AX. Over each AX assume
a constant value of the heat flux q"(X). The integral from X .- AX t o X i s
and the entire integral taken as a summation over the increments of AX from
where X j o = 0 i s the axial location of the s t a r t of integration. For B&W-2

i t i s the s t a r t of local boiling defined
Y
i t i s the channel i n l e t and for
by the Jens-Lottes correlation. ( 43
APPENDIX B
REFERENCES
1. J. H. Keenan and F. G. Keys, Thermodynamic P r o p e r t i e s o f Steam,

Wiley, New York, 1936.
2. C. A. Meyer, R. B. McClintock, G. J. S i l v e s t r i and R. C. Spencer,

The 1967 ASME Steam Tables, The American Society o f Mechanical
Engineers, New York, 1967.
3. R. B. McClintock, and G. J. S i l v e s t r i , Formulation and I t e r a t i v e

Procedures f o r C a l c u l a t i o n o f P r o p e r t i e s o f Steam, T h e c a n - -
S o c i e t y o f Mechanical Engineers, New York, 1968.
4. K. V. Moore and W. H. R e t t i g , RELAP4: A Computer program' f o r '

T r a n s i e n t Thermal-Hydraulic Analysis, ANCR-1127, A e r o j e t Nuclear
Company, Idaho F a l l s , ID, December 1973. .
5. J. P. Waggener, " F r i c t i o n F a c t o r s - f o r Pressure Drop.Calculations,"

Nucleonics, Vol. 19, p. 145, 1961.
6. L. S. Tong, "Pressure Drop Performance o f a Rod Bundle,",Heat

Transfer i n Rod Bundles, ASME, pp. 57-69, 1968.
7. A. A. Armand, "The Resistance During t h e Movement of a.Two-Phase

System i n H o r i z o n t a l Pipes," Translated by V. Beak, AERE Trans. 828.
I z v e s t i y a ,Vsesojuznogo Teplotekhni cheskogo I n s t i t u t a (1 ) , pp. 16-23,
1946.
8. W. A. Messena, Steam-Water Pressure Drop and C r i t i c a l Discharge

-
Flow A D i g i t a l Computer Proqram, HW-65706. Hanford Atomic Products
Operation, Richland, Washington, June 17, 1960.
9. S. Levy, Forced Convection Subcooled B o i l i n q - - P r e d i c t i o n o f Vapor

Volumetric Fraction, GEAP-5157. General E l e c t r i c Co., Atomic Power
Equipment Dept., San Jose, C a l i f o r n i a , A p r i l 1966.
10. S. Y. Ahmand, " A x i a l D i s t r i b u t i o n of Bulk Temperature and Void

F r a c t i o n i n a Heated Channel w i t h I n l e t Subcooling," Journal o f
I
Heat Transfer, pp. 595-609, November 1970.
-i..
11. J. T. Rogers and N. E. Todreas, "Coolant Mixing i n Reactor Fuel

Rod Bundles--Single-Phase Coolants," Heat Transfer i n Rod Bundles,
ASME, pp. 1-56, 1968.
12. L. Ingesson and S. Hedberg, "Heat Transfer Between Subchannels i n

,a Rod Bundle," Paper No. FC 7.11, 4 t h I n t e r n a t i o n a l Heat Transfer
Conference, V e r s a i l l e s , France, 1970.
13. J . T. Rogers and R. G. Rosehart, "Mixing by T u r b u l e n t Interchange i n
Fuel Bundles . C o r r e l a t i o n s and I n f e r e n c e s , " ASME Paper No. 72-HT-53,
1972.
14. L. S. Tong, B o i l i n s Crisis and Critical bo eat Flux, TID-25887, 1972.
APPENDIX C
TRANSVERSE MOMENTUM FLUX MODEL
An o p t i o n a l transverse momentum f l u x 'term i s i n c l uded i n COBRA-IV-1.'

The form o f t h i s term i s s t i l l experimental and i t should be used w i t h
caution.
I n t h e d e r i v a t i o n o f t h e transverse momentum equation f o r COBRA-IIIC,

t h e f l u x o f transvers'e momentum through t h e sides o f t h e c o n t r o l volume
was neglected. P h y s i c a l l y , however, a t l e a s t p a r t o f t h e crossflow c a r r i e s
( j e t s ? ) across i n t e r v e n i n g channels and a c t s as an a d d i t i o n a l momentum
source t o adjacent crossflows.
Consider t h e c o n t r o l volume f o r gap K i n Figure C-1. - To evaluate t h e

.transverse momentum f l u x term, i t i s assumed t h a t t h e t o t a l momentum f l u x
through t h e l a t e r a l surfaces A and B i s equal t o t h e sum o f t h e K d i r e c t i o n
' '
momentum f l u x through gap's L, M y N and 0. This assumption becomes increas-

i n g l y approximate as t h e a x i a l - t o - l a t e r a l f l o w area r a t i o increases. The
where
Flux = I;[ ,,
f l u x o f K momentum through gap L can be computed by
W;
3
,o,e,
"i =ith gap d i r e c t i o n angle (See Figure C-2 f o r d e f i n i t i o n s . )

T
For a given gap K, t h e v e c t o r operator {S) {DC) c o l l e c t s t h e c o n t r i b u t i o n
from a l l adjacent gaps
2
Total = ($1 { s } ( D c } ~-
ps2
! -
cosO
5
I n r e g u l a r c a r t e s i a n geome ry, t h i s o p e r a t i o n forms t h e exact centered
f i n i t e d i f f e r e n c e . a n a l o g t o apv lay. I n a r o d bundle, i t i s o n l y an approxi-
mation which i s most accurate when t h e gap space i s c l o s e t o t h e subchannel
h y d r a u l i c diameter. Test runs have shown t h a t t h e use o f t h e transverse
momentum term produces an e f f e c t in. t h e r i g h t d i r e c t i o n b u t t h e r e s u l t s have
n o t been compared t o experimental data.
An example o f t h e way t h e gap d i r e c t i o n angles must be i.nput is.shown

i n Figure C-2.
FIGURE C-1. Transverse Momentum Flux Geometry*
*Transverse momentum f l u x through gap K c a l c u l a t e d as t h e sum o f momentum

f l u x through gaps L, M, N and 0 i n t h e d i r e c t i o n o f gap K.
RULES
0
1. Choice o f 0 direction i s arbitrary.
2. Choice o f p o s i t i v e angle clockwise o r c o u n t e r c l o c k w ~ s e
i s arbitrary.
3. Gap d i r e c t i o n v e c t o r must be from subchannel i t o j
where i < j.
4. Gap must be s p e c i f i e d i n p o s i t i v e degrees.
0
5. Once 0 and p o s i t i v e angle d i r e c t i o n a r e c.hosen, a l l
o t h e r gap d i r e c t i o n angles must be c o n s i s t e n t and
conform t o Rule 3.
C-2.
FIGURE. .-. Example of Gap D i r e c t i o n Angles
APPENDIX D.
This a u x i l i a r y program i s used t o redimension COBRA i n order t o m i n i -

mize t h e computer core storage requi-rements. I n t h i s way, COBRA u t i l i z e s
. o n l y t h a t p o r t i o n o f core necessary t o solve a p a r t i c u l a r problem. The
SPECSET r o u t i n e has t h r e e main f u n c t i o n s :
1. t o a u t o m a t i c a l l y s e t up a c o n s i s t e n t s e t o f dimensions f o r COBRA
compatible w i t h t h e u s e r - s p e c i f i e d problem size;
2. t o c a l c u l a t e t h e r e l a t i v e storage l o c a t i o n o f t h e v a r i a b l e s
equivalenced t o t h e v e c t o r SAVEAL;
3. t o a1 l o c a t e storage i n l a r g e core memory (LCM) on CDC-7600 machines,

if desired.
The f i r s t f u n c t i o n i s accomplished by performing a character-by-character

search through a complete s e t o f COBRA s p e c i f i c a t i o n statements f o r dummy
dimension parameters. Each statement i s w r i t t e n t o an o u t p u t f i l e w i t h t h e
dummy parameters replaced by i n t e g e r values c a l c u l a t e d o r s p e c i f i e d from
t h e user-suppl i e d i n p u t d e f i n i n g the problem size.
The.second f u n c t i o n i s r e q u i r e d because t h e storage scheme i.n COBRA

uses equivalencing t o overlap a r r a y storage. The storage scheme i s b e s t
explained by a simple example.
Consider two doubly-dimensioned arrays, A and B, which must be

p h y s i c a l l y dimensioned A(2,2) and B(2,2). These arrays could be
s t o r e d using a statement o f ' t h e form
COMMON A(2,2), B(2,2)
which would s t o r e t h e data s e q u e n t i a l l y i n t h e f o l l o w i n g manner:
A(1,1), A(2,1)9 A(1,2)9 A(2,2), B(1,1), B(2,1), B(1,2), B(292).

However, t o t r a n s f e r data e a s i l y between p e r i p h e r a l storage and core,
arrays a r e overlapped so t h a t they a r e s t o r e d as
This i s accomplished by using t h e f o l l o w i n g "code" dimensions and equi-

valence statements:
COMMON SAVEAL (8)
DIMENSION A(4,2), B(4,2)
EQUIVALENCE . (SAVEAL(1 ), A ( l , I ) ) , (SAVEAL(3), B ( l , I ) )

Since many v a r i a b l e arrays a r e s t o r e d i n t h i s manner, SPECSET i s r e q u i r e d
t o c a l c u l a t e t h e r e q u i r e d "code" dimensions and equivalence s t a r t i n g l o c a t i o n s
which a r e c o n s i s t e n t w i t h t h e " p h y s i c a l " dimensions.
The t h i r d f u n c t i o n i s accomplished by simply removing a C from column 1

on a l l l e v e l 2 statements i f storage i n LCM i s desired. I f not, t h e l e v e l 2
statements a r e considered t o be comments.
The i n p u t t o SPECSET i s i n two sections. The f i r s t s e c t i o n contains

dummy card images o f a l l COBRA COMDECKS, as shown a t t h e end o f t h i s
appendix i n Table D-1. This data s e t must be a v a i l a b l e f o r i n p u t from
l o g i c a l U n i t 10.
The data i n t h e second s e c t i o n c o n s i s t o f 18 parameters which define

t h e problem s i z e and code options required. With t h e exception of t h e f i r s t
d a t a c a r d , t h e order i n which the data dr.e s p e c i f i e d i s imrnatcrial.
The f i r s t card must c o n t a i n t h e characters LCM i n t h e f i r s t t h r e e

columns if l a r g e code memory on a CDC-7600 i s t o be u t i l i z e d f o r v a r i a b l e
storage. I f l a r g e core memory i s n o t desired o r t h e code i s t o be run on
some o t h e r system, t h e f i r s t card can be blank. The remaining 17 cards
s p e c i f y t h e value o f t h e dimensioning parameters using . t h e form
Columns 1 and 2 3 4 through 8

"parameter" - "x x1I
.where "parameter" c o n s i s t s o f a t w o - l e t t e r code 'and "x x " i s i t s r e q u i r e d

numerical value. A1 1 17 parameters must be s p e c i f i e d and t h e numerical
values must be g r e a t e r than zero.
The r e q u i r e d parameters are:
MP - Maximum number o f cards i n p r o p e r t y t a b l e , a x i a l heat f l u x table,

'and . f o r c i n g f u n c t i o n versus time t a b l e s
MC - Maximum number o f subchannels
MG - Maximum number of subchannel gap connections
ML - Maximum number o f a x i a l l o c a t i o n s f o r gap and area v a r i a t i o n
MX - Maximum number o f a x i a l r~odesp l u s one
MN - Number o f f u e l c o l l o c a t i o n p o i n t s plus three
MT - Maximum number o f f u e l types

MR -..!Max,imum.nwmb.er of fuel rods
ME = MX i f no storage on p e r i p h e r a l s
ME - 3 f o r storage on p e r i p h e r a l s ( t h i s i m p l i e s t h a t a x i a l values w i l l
be r o l l e d i n COBRA)
MZ - Maximum number o f a x i a l l o c a t i o n s f o r g r i d spacers
MK - Maximum number o f g r i d spacer types
MA - Maximum number o f subchannels t h a t can have area v a r i a t i o n s
MW - Maximum number o f w a l l connections
MY - Maximum number of a x i a l f u e l type' d i v i s i o n s

MO - Maximum w i d t h o f AAA a r r a y (7 f o r square arrays, 5 f o r t r i a n g u l a r )
MI - Maximum number o f connections t o a channel (thermal + f l o w )
MS - Maximum number o f gaps t h a t can' have gap spacing v a r i a t i o n s .
TABLE D-1 . L i s t i n g o f SPECSET Fixed I n p u t
*AF N E k P L t Y A N K $ % $
*CO SPtCS
YC"
HGr
CI X a
Ft Nt
HH 0
WE+
PPn
"LO
M 2.
MY.
Hva
nI a
no=
NIr
N(E
Cl Kn
R4E
nta
PSP
?I 10
*CD ,SPEC 1 -
DIPENSIC& A C ( ~ C ) ~ P ~ ( M C ) ~ P ~ ( ~ C ) ~ C C ( ~ C ] ~ O R ( ~ R ) ~
1 NI~LET(PC)~FINLET(~C)I~~~L€T(~CI~
2 LC(MC,U),GAPS("C,Y),DIST(MC,U), ,
3 D A l Ih(hZ1
EQ~I~ALENcE ( D A T I ~ ( ~ ) ~ ~ R ( ~ ~ ~ E ) ~ ~ ~ I ) ~ T I C ( ~ ~ ~ ~ C ~ ~ ~ ~ I
1 (P*(l)rSTU~(lrhEl),(FH(l),rP(l,rE)),
2 ~ ~ ~ ~ l l ~ ~ P ~ ~ ~ ~ l ~ ~ t ~ ~ ~ ~ l ) ~ ~ ~
3 ( F I ~ ~ E ~ ( ~ ) I V ~ S C ( ~ ) ) , ( T I N L E T ~ ~ ) ~ ~ I ~ C ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
U ( L C ( l ~ ~ l ~ ~ F I L ~ ( l ) l r ( G ~ ~ ~ ~ l ~ f ~ t P E ~ I ~ ( l ~ ~ ~
5 (01ST(l,1)1~AA(1~~3))
CLCM ~ ~ V EL.~,~~~I~,AC,P~,~H,DC,O~,MI?~L~T,FI~LE~~TI~LET,LC~
CLCH 1 GAPS,UIST
*CD SPEC2
COHHCN ~U(~!G~~J~(PG),X(~%)~A~GL€~?G)PFAC~O~(~G)~LENG~~(~~G)~
1 A X I A L ( ~ P ] , Y ( ~ P ) ~ U ~ ( ~ ~ C ) ~ A L P ~ A ( P C ) , C C ' A L ( ~ C I ~ ~ ~ T C ~ T ~ ~ ( ~ C ) ~
2 ' S~HPF(hC)rdIl>T~(t~'k),IK~(fih),Jk~(plN],UkCP(~,~W),
3 t f i ~ ~ ~ i i I, . C
i (d ~ ~A I . L ( Z , ~ I ~ ) , C . . ~ ~ @( I. -~ C
u *PI )
I K I J , A F L L X ~ Z , T ~ E ~ A ~ P I ~ ~ A X , I ~ ~ I ~ I ~ C ' R ~ G ~ ~ , J ~ , J ~ ~ J ~ ~ J ~ ,
1 J~~ATC~~L,G~X,EL~V~FE~R~R,ITE~A~~YLOX~DTGCIC~GC~I~TGC~GC
2 3L~CX~SLUXI~SLGOX,SLG~X~,O%UI,SLCXOlrO~2~DkCT,PI~~PCUt~F~T,
3 F ~ ~ L ~ ~ K ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ A P , ~ Z ~ ~ ~ ~ Y ~ E Q ~ ~ I U U ~ L U I ~
0 S ~ D T ~ S ~ D T Z ~ S ~ G C I A P ~ I I ~ T I D X I G T ~ ~ ~ R ~ ~ E R H X ~ ~ € ~ W Y ~ I ~ U Y ~ I T
5 A C C C L Y , A C C ~ ~ ~ , A C C E L ~ , I ~ T ~ Q E , N A A ~ , ~ A ~ A P ~ , A ~ ~ E L F ~ ~ A M P ~ G ,
b ~ A A ~ ~ ~ A A Y P ~ , H ~ Y I Y ~ U S O O ~ I I T L , P ~ O ~ ~ ~ F C ~ K B F C ~ U ~ ~
*,EhOl
COPKGN /LCCP/ ~ C M ~ ~ L , N K I N D X P ~ ~ K T R Y X ~ N T ~ ~ Y Y ~ ~ ~ I ~ . K , ~ R U D I ~ ~ O ~
,E h 0 2
COkrCtJ / L b R G € l / S A V E A L ( ~ ~ ~ , Q P R I ~ ( F C ~ ~ V ( P C ~ ~ V P ~ ~ ( ~ C ) , V I S C ~ H C ~ ~ ~
1 V I ~ C ~ ~ ~ C ~ ~ H F T L ~ ( H C ) ~ ~ ~ ~ ( ~ C ) ~ C P ( ~ C ) , F S P ( ~ C ) ~
a PEPIH(PC),PPERIM(P:C~,~P~PC),AA~LMU,~O)
*rkbO3
CO!'HCN /LAI?GEJ/ A N ( ~ C ) , O H Y D ~ ( * C ) ~ L O ~ P ( ~ ' ~ ~ ~ G ) ~ N ~ H A P ( ~ C J ~
1 N~QAPS(HC~~VP(*C),T(~~)PILOCS(~III~C)
*,Eh04
INTEGER L b E V A S ( k 2 1
E ' J L I V P L E ~ c E( S A V E A L I L A E V A S )
REAL I D T G C , L E N G f d r K I J
. .
I .
TABLE D-1 . Continued

CLC* L E V E L 2 , SAv-EAL
.CLCq L k V E 2,LbEvAS
CbCH L F V E L 2 , Ah
*CD SPEC3
DIkkhSIti~ P ( ~ I , ~ E ) , c ~ ( ~ ~ , w E ) , F ( ~ ' ~ , ~ E I ,I R , H o ~ ? ~ , ~
. . 1 w C L D ( ~ ~ , " E ) ~ F C L ~ ( * ~ ~ ~ E ~ I ~ ~ C P L ~ ) ( P ~ , ~ ~ ) ~
2 4 ( ~ 1 , ~ E ) ~ C ~ Y 0 ( ~ l ~ ~ E ) ~ ~ ~ E ( ~ l t ~ t ) ~
3 S T l i f i ( ~ t , ~ ~ E ) , A P ( ~ l ,, ~~t Ei ( I! E A R ( ~ l , M E )
EflLjIVALEYCE ('P(I~~)DSA~~AL(~U))~(F(~,~~)~SAVEAL(NP))~ '
1 ' (RHO(l,Il,SAVEbL(~C))t(~~LI:(1,1),9AVEAL(~~)),
2 ( A ( I ~ ~ ) # S A V E P L ( Y S ) ) ~ ( ~ ~ Y U ( ~ , ~ ) I ~ A \ ~ ~ ~ L ( ~ L ] ) *
,
5 ( ~ ( ~ ~ ~ I , ~ A ~ E ~ L ( N ~ ) I , ( F C L U ( ~ ~ ~ I I S ~ V E ~ L ~ ~ X ~ I ~
(1 ( ~ ~ ~ U ~ L D ( ~ ~ ~ ) ~ S ~ V E ~ L ( ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ( R ~ ( C ~ ) A ~ ( ~ . I ~ ~
S ~ L ~ ( ~ , I ) , S ~ ~ E P L ( ~ ~ ) ) I ( ~ T . U * ~ ~ , ~ ~ ~ S A V E A L ( N ~ ) ~ ~
b (AP(l,l),SAbEAL(NZ))
CLCM LEVEL 21' P
CLCM LEVEL 2r P
CLC* LEVEL 2, F
CLCH LEVEL 28. QWL'
CLCV LEVEL 2r bCLO
CLCM LEVEL 2r FCLC
CLCH LFVkl. Zr QKOCLO
CCCV Lf'JkL 2, A
,CLCM LEvtL 2r rbYC
CLCY LEIEL 2, LB
CLCH LEVEL 2r STUa
CLCM. LEVEL 2, b~
CLC* LEVEL 2,
ECcCflAE
*CD S P E C u .
' DIPEkSICb ~ ( M ~ , ~ E ) , * C L O ( ~ ~ , I Y E ) , ~ ) E T A ( V ~ ~ ~ E I ,
1 U S ~ V E ( ~ ~ t ~ E l ~ F S . I ( ~ 1 ~ ~ E l t T k F ~ ~ l ~ ~ E ) ~
2 G P P ( . r l , n E l # T*ALL(.pl,C'E) t T ~ C L O ( *, ?~ E l
EQLIVALEkCE ( * ( ~ ~ I I ~ S A V E A ~ ( ~ ~ ) , ( ~ ~ ~ L U ~ ~ , ~ ~ , ~ A V € ~ L ~ ~ ~ ) ~
1 ~~ET4(l~ll~S~V~EAL(~U)~,i(~S~VE(ltl)~S6.btAL(HS)l~
2 ( ~ S I ( ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ S ~ V E A L ( ~ ~ ) ) , ( G ~ ~ ~ ~ I ~ ~ ~ S
3 ( T ~ ~ F ( ~ ~ ~ ) ~ S A ~ E A L ( ~ B ) ) , ( T ~ A L ~ ( I , ! ) ~ ~ A ~ E A ~ ( ~ Y ) ) #
1) (T~CLG(lrl),SAVEAL(No)l
CLCV L E V E L 2r
CLCt' LFIEL 2, kCL0
c L c n LEVF.L 2, RETA
C L C ~L E V E L a, PSAVE,PSI
CLCH L E V E L 2 , GAP, T k F
CLCY LEVEL Z,T*ALLPT~OLC
rCD S P E C S
DIFEhSICN cPFH(Yl,~'E),CCh~'dL(~-l,rE),FLl~X(~lrPE)t
1 ~ ~ U ~ ( ~ N , N U ~ M E ) ~ H S U ~ F ( ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ) , I ~ T T P ( * ~ I C E ) P
2 ~cG€(r\,rE)
EGLIvALENCi: ( C ~ F ~ ( ~ ~ ~ ) ~ S ~ V ~ ~ A L ( ~ ~ ) ) ~ ( C . C ~ A ~ L ( ~ , I ) ~ S A ~ E A L
1 ( F L U ~ ( ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ S ~ V E A L ( ~ D ~ ~ ~ ( ~ ! ~ ~ ~ F ~ ~ I ~ ~ I S ~ ~ E A
' 2 ( ~ ~ U E ( ~ , ~ ~ ~ S A ~ € A L ( ~ Y ~ ~ ~ ( ~ K C G ~ ~ , ~ ~ ~ ~ , ~ ~ V E A L
3 (IF~YP(l~l)~ChFH(lrll)
1PTEGE.R CCkANL,
c L c n L ~ ~ 2E, LC ~ F M
C i c M L E b k L 2, CCw.4NL
CLCH L E V E L 2 , F L U X
CLC" L F V E L 2, T G C C
CLCH L E V E L 2, HSLidF
CLCM L E V E L 2, I F T Y P
C L C n L E V E L i?r v C C E
*CO S P E r t
LOGICAL GGID
ccmrub / P G Y X O / I G R I D ( ~ Z ) ~ ~ ~ G R ~ I O , M G R I D T , J ~ , ~ G T Y F E , N ~ ~ A ~ P ~ T ~ I I C K ~ D I C ,
1 GUIOxL(~Z)rCD(~C,hK),FCX\JtEcG),FXFL.Ch~MG~MK),,
2 O U R ( * G ) ~ P I T C H , ~ B A R ( ~ ~ ) I X C H C S ~ ( ~ G ~ ~ ) ~ G H ~ O
*, E h 0 5
TABLE D-1 . . Continued
OI~E~SIGH CNRFLX(HX)
E~LIVALE~CE (~NbFLX(l)rnfjAR(l))
c c * r r - w / I c ~ h T / ICUU!VT
. . . . . .. . .. .. - . .
CLCM L k ' E L 2, ChbFLX . . .
CLCM LEVEL 2 1 I G H I O
4co s~tt7
.
COPeCN / g ~ f i E A / A F ~ c T ( ~ L , P A ) , G F ~ C T ( ~ L I ~ ~ ) , ~ X L ( ~ ' L ) , C ~ P X L ( K L ) #
1 ~AWARU,%~FACT,NAX~,NGXL,~GAPS~YC~(MA),NGAP(~S)
*,EhDb
CGr',!CN / L A E G E ~ / I D A ~ E A ( M C ) ~ I U G A ~ ( P G ) ~ G ~ P N ( M )
*,Eh07
CLCH L E V E L 2, ICARE~
*CD SPEC(!
D1"ENSICbi D P D X ( P C ~ ~ C Y D X ( ~ C ) ~ C F I ~ X ( ~ C ) ~ W ~ T ~ ( P ~ ~ E )
ECUIUALENCE ( C ~ P ~ ( ~ ) ~ C P ( ~ ~ ) , ( C F D % ( ~ ) I F ~ P ~ ~ ) ) ~ ~ O P O X ~ ~ ~ ~
1 (P(l~1),~9T~(l,l))
CLCH -LEVEL 2 , C P O X P ~ ~ ~ X , O F O X I R S T ~
* G O SPEC9
corr!CN / P Q C P l / P P ( ~ P I , ~ ~ ( ~ ~ ~ F ) I v V O ( ~ P ~ ~ VH V~F (-C PF ) ,~ ~ P .~ ~ ~ C C O ~ F ~
1 KKF(~P),SSIG~A(KP),AA(~)~~M(~),CC(U),UUF(MP),
2 ~GPT(I~P),T~'CUT(PP),~PPUCT(~P)~KFI:~T~~P)IUP~(,T(FP),
s ~ P O ~ T ~ ~ P ) , O T ~ A ~ , P ~ ~ F C L , G C W I T ~ A A L ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
U ~IPHOP,NVXSC~,NT~PE(HC),ISTEA)L,L~~NF
h,EhOd
RE.AL KPCUT,KKF
*CD S P E C 1 0
CCPYGN /PGCP2/ P W E P , ~ F ~ V F , V G ~ ~ ~ ~ H C ~ I ; P ~ K F , S I G ~ A I ~ ' F G I V F G ~ R H G F ~
1 RHOG,AF(~),~V(~),NV,~F,J~UIL(~C),AH(~)
*, EhDQ
RkAL K F
b C D SPEC1 1
COrnCN / n I X f / A ~ E T A ~ B B ~ ~ A , X ~ U A L ( M P ) ~ ~ X ( ~ P ) , C ~ , ~ T M , ~ H ~ ~ ~ ~ J ~ , ~ S
a,EhDlo
*CO SPECIZ
cOFt1CN / F b E L / KFU~L(~TJ,~CL~U(~T),~FUEL(~T),RCLA~(~T)~CF~EL(~T),
1 CCLA~(~T)~TCL~~(~T)~TFLLIU~~GAP(~T),LY(KU,~)~
2 . P H I ( ~ U ~ ~ ) , ~ ~ O ~ A L ( H ~ ~ , O ( C R ) , P @ ~ € ~ ~ G F ~ E L ~ ~ ~
J FLXX(~R),~P~F,ZEND(MT,~Y)~TCLOR(C~,~~)~IDFUEL(HR),
Q N ~ J A ~ P rNn T
C r ~P c n p ) , t i < r i N E ( w T l ~ I Z T Y P ( ~ T , H Y ) , N R C D T P
+rEIDll
REDL %FUEL,KCLAD
CLCH L E V E L 20 %FUEL
*CD SPEC13
CCIPNCN /BCHF/ ~ C H F R ( * X ) , M C ~ F R C ( P X ) , ~ C H F ~ R ( H X ) , ~ C H F , ~ C H F X
*,EhOli!
- REAL. PCIiFR .
*CD B ~ E c I ~
bInEhsICN ~ S ( H ~ , M E ) , ~ S * ( M ~ ~ M ~ ~ I ~ E ~ ~ ~ ( ~ C ~ ~ T F : P ~ ~ ( ~ C J ,
1 CPK(PC),A~P(PI,M~)~~LC~(CC~~~(P~)~~IJ(M~)D
2 ~ A ~ ~ ( ~ ~ ~ P E ) t ~ P ( ~ l ~ U C ) ~ O P ~ ~ ( ~ C ) ~ I F U I ~ ( U l i l ~
5 ISTAEi(!4G),FJCC(!$C)pbAb(hf), IcCC(~B)~~PP(MG)
EQLIV.ALEF;cE ~~J~(l~l)~US~~t~l),~~I(l~l))~(Tt~~C1(~),VISC~(~l),
1 ~ T ~ ~ ~ 2 ( l ~ ~ S T ~ ~ ( l ~ l ) ~ ~ ~ O ~ ~ ~ l ~
Z (~PP(t,lltA~~l,l)),(PLCrJ~ll,8l~~+(lt~)~1
3 (~(l)~~P(l)~C1J(l)r~P~~~l))~~MbRU(l~l),BET~(l~l))~
i) ~ S P ~ l ~ l ~ t ~ U ~ ~ l ~ l ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
5 (IL~C(l)~ILCCS(1~1))~~OP~P(l)~FSF(I),HJ~O(~)l~
b (ISTA~(l~~IPCIV(l),F~OIV(l))
CLCM LEVEL 2 , U ~ , ~ ~ ~ ~ T E ~ ~ ~ , T E ~ ~ ~ ~ , ~ P K , A P P , F L C ~ ~ ~ ~ C ~ J , E ~ R K , ~ P P
CLCM LEVEL 2 , SF,AAC,ILCL,OPWP,~J~U
CLcn L E V E L 7, ISTA",IFDIV
TABLE D-1 . Continued
t C 0 SPEC15 .
91PEiiSIc~ SAVEA~(H~),SALEAZ(M~),SAVEA~(K~),
sAVdkS(!.iS)
EnLIbALEKCE (SAVF'A~(~),SALEJL(~)I,(SAVEA~(~),~SAVE.AL(NK)),
1 ( ~ A v E A ~ ~ ~ ) , ~ A ~ E A ' L ( ~ ~ ) ) , ( s P v H E s ( ~ ) , s P v E A ~ ( ~ ) )
cLcr L E ~ & L 2, S ~ V E A ~ , S A V E A Z , S P ~ E A S
CLCh LEVEL 2, 3AL2kS .
' *CO SPECI!,
!-jlrt'hSrCt.: S I ! ~ ' ~ ( I ~ C ) , S I J ~ L ( ~ C ) , S ~ I * ~, S- (Trrcj () n ~ ) , d T b J r i ( n ~ )
E'.:LIVALEbCE ( S ~ ~ ~ L ( ~ ) I V I S C ( I ) I ~ ( S C , ~ ~ H ( ~ ~ ~ C P ~ ~ ) ) ~
1 (S~~X(l)~vISC~(l)),(STHJ[l)rFSP(l))r
i! ( 3 l ~ J ~ l ( l ) ~ C t i h ( l ) )
CLCH LE'+EL 2 , S L P . L , S L @ ' P , S O " % , S T h J t S T ~ J H l
*CO Y P E C 1 7
D T " E h S 1 C V AAAPk:l(t;7) t L F k ~ ( i " 2 ), L @ C A l ( h b )
E ~ ~ ~ I V A L E ~( CA A
E A(l,l)nAAAP~~(t)),(fi(l,l),~Pfi).r(l))t
1 ( L C C ~ ( ~ , ~ ) , L C C A ~ ( ~ I )
cLcn L E ~ E L~ , A A A P R M , ~ P W ~ , L O C A ~
OIrth3ICN CS~~~~(~G),UZPUM(PG)ILIEIFWI*(~GI~SPP~~C~ML~~~
1 h C i L n F l q ( * G l ,Ufjf'R+{(WC), APPFfit'(pC) ,kSAVk ( k l i ) ,
2 CTII("G)rIITJJ("G)
ErJLIVALENCE. (~~SAVE(l),dSAvE(1,3)),(DTII(l)tEEA~E(l~l~~~
1 (OlJJ(ll~tiS~Vt(1~2))~~UY~FR~~l),LS1*~l~1ll~
2 ~ ~ ~ S P K t ~ ~ l ~ ~ ~ S ~ l ~ l ~ ~ , ~ ~ E T P k ~ ~ l ~ ~ B E l
s ( s ~ P ~ ~ ( ~ ) , s P ( ~ ~ ~ ) I , ( ~ c L u P. c ( ~ ~ ~ ) ) ~
1 ( u r ? ~ r ( l ) r u ~ ( l ~ l ) ~ ) , ( ~ P P ~ ~ ~ ( l ) , ~ ~ ~ ( l ; l ) )
CLCM CEbEL Z , , u s * P W M , ( ! S F 4 ~ , H E T P R r , s P C ) R M
CLCN L E V E L 2, ~ C L C P ? , U ~ P R Y D A P P P ~ ~ # ~ ~ Y A V ~
CLCM L E b E L 2 , o T I I , U T J J
. *CO S P E C 1 8
O I Y E h S I ~ N~ l ( f l 2 ) , ~ A ~ l ( ~ 7 ' ) ~ e s 4 v E l ( ~ ~ ) , ~ ~ I 1 ~ ~ ~ l , L ~ C ~ 1 ( ~ 6 ) r
I P("G)rSETAl(Ht)
EnbIvALENCE (Al(l),A(trl)),(~AAl(l),AA~(l~l))r
1 ( H S ~ V E 1 ~ 1 ) , ~ S ~ ~ F . ( l ~ l ~ ) ~ ~ ~ S I l ( l ~ ~ P S I ~ 1 ~ 1 ) ) ~
Z ( Y ( ~ ) ~ ~ P ( ~ ) ) ~ ( L C C ~ ~ ( ~ ~ ~ L C C A ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I ~ B E . T
CLCH L E V E L ~ , A ~ ~ A A A ~ ~ ~ S A V E I , P S I ~ ~ L O C J ~ ~ B , H F T A ~
*CO S D E C 1 9
c C ~ ' I * C ) ~ / I N P A I ~ /C I ~ ~ ~ P U T ( ~ ~ ) ~ ? R I ~ T . ( ! ~ ! ~ , T E X T ( ~ ~ ) ~ C A, .~ E ( ~ ) P ~ I ~ E . ( ~ ) ,
1 T D ~ ~ Y ( ~ O ) ~ P ~ T U T , ~ T T I ~ & I ~ T I " ~ , ~ I F ( ~ ~ , Z P T ( ~ ) ~
2 YP(~P~,FP(rP),YC(~P)nFG(~P),YP(YP~,Fk(MPlt
3 YO(P~I,F~(~O),YT(P?),F~(~~),F~)I(*!P~,Y~'X(PP),
11 k~bT,kFX~hCUT,hPCFAFi,tjPC4.Pt~Fh;CCE,hPRU@t~PLTCht
5 .. P ~ I N ~ ~ ~ ( ~ ~ ) , ~ ~ L T G P , ~ ~ S Y ~ ' L T , ~ S ) ~ I P T , N S K I P X , M N , ~ R ,
6 ~ C , ~ G , ~ P , ~ X I ~ ~ * ~ H Y ~ ~ E I I * Z , ~ ~ , ~ ~ , ~ P , P ~ I , ~ ! T , H L ~ ~ P ,
7 ~!G,*;orhH,IC6T,IH(VS)~J~~y.S)!~AxT,~JuYP~
8 I ~ ~ P ( ~ O ) , J ~ P ~ ~ U ~ , I P , I ~ ~ I ~ I I F ~ ~ H , I F ~ ] L T ~ ~ K ~ O ~
0 hDTr:JuTrl~rASE~~T~IES~ITSTkPtT~X~TPD~~~OFLC~J~CFLO
+,HI~,TIN,CIN,LZ,OXX
* , E ~ ~ ~ ~ , ~ I G ~ A L ( ~ ~ ) , F ~ , H Z , + ~ , H ~ , H ~ , ) . ~ I H ~ , ~ ~
C C P ~ C/ L~A E G E Z / PHINTC(~C),PRINTG(~G),PRINTR(PF),~P~TCH(MCI~
1 IPLTCP(~C)~~EXIT(nc)~b9AR~rc~
',EhUlU
If+IEGER P Q I ~ T C , ~ R I C T G , P R I ~ T . \ r , ~ P H I % T A
LCGICAL PSINT
CbCM L E V t L 2,FRIhJTC *
'CD SPEC20
DIrEhSICh S A V ~ A ~ ( ~ ~ ) ~ S P V E ~ ~ ( M ~ ) , S A V E ~ ~ ( Y I )
CLCH LEVEL Z I S A V E A ~ , S A V E A ~ , S A V E A ~
-..
TABLE D-1 .. Continued
*CD SPEC21
O I ~ E ~ S I CP ~n l t r c )
ECLI~ALE~Ct(PhI(l)rFSP(I))
C L C M LEVEL 2,PhI
*CO SPEC22
O I ~ E ~ S I CF ~( ~ P ) I Y PI
*COHDECK S P E C 2 3
CLCM L E V E L 2 ~ 3 Q C 2 3 r l ~ ~ C 2 3 1 S ~ C 2 ~ ~ I S ~ c 2 4 ~ 8 P C b l ~ I S P C b l
C L C H LEVEL ~ , S P C ~ ~ ~ I S P C ~ ~ ~ S F C ~ ~ I I ~ P C ~ ~ I S F C ~ O I I S P C ~ O
*CD 3PkC2b
CLC3 LEVEL 2 , X , l r Z
*CD SPEC25
CLCq L k v E L Z I ' J A K ~
*cn S P E ~ Z ~
CLC? LEVEL ~ ~ I s ~ C R E , S T ~ J U E I S T C R E ~ I L O G I C L
*CD SPEC17
CLCH L E V k L i ? r A , 0
LAST
APPENDIX E
PROGRAM GEOM
Program GEOM automatically calculates, and makes card images o f , COBRA

input data for input card groups 4, 7, and 8, for hexagonal rod bundles. I t
can be used t o generate:
subchannel areas, wetted perimeters, heated perimeters and the
subchannel connection logic required in Group 4;
the gap direction angles input in Group 4 when the transverse
momentum flux model i s used;
the relative wirewrap crossing information for the wire wrap
model in Group 7;
the i n i t i a l wire wrap inventory for Group 7;
the fuel rod diameter, radial power factor ( i f suppl ied) and rod-
to-channel connection data for Group 8;
-a, an - option. t o calculate ge0metri.e~that either include or omit the

corner subchannels.
The input to t h i s program consists of a maximum of eight data cards
plus an optional rod power distribution. The subchannel and rod numbering
scheme and by GEOM i s demonstrated in Figure E-1.
There are two general input forms available t o the user. Under the
f i r s t option, the user specifies the subchannel area, wetted perimeter, and
heated perimeter for typical internal, side and corner subchannels. Under
the second option, the code calculates the areas and perimeters from the
overall bundle geometry. A description of the GEOM input follows.
OPTION 1 - USER SPECIFIES AREA AND PERIMETER DATA

Card 1 (15,18A4)
This i s a header card and contains a 1 in column 5 and an alpha-numeric
t i t l e in columns .6 through 77.
Card 2 (3F5.3)
This card contains the area (in. '1, wetted perimeter (in. ) and heated
perimeter (in. ) of an interior subchannel.
Card 3 (3F5'.3)
This card i s the same as Card 2 b u t the information i s for the side
subchannel.
7 ROD
19 ROD
37 ROD
FIGURE E-1. Samples o f ,GEOM Rod and Channel Numbering Scheme

Card 4 (3F5.3)
Same as t h e above b u t f o r a corner subchannel. .
Card 5 (4(2F5.3))
T h i s card contains t h e gap w i d t h (.in. ) ,and t h e c e n t r o i d - t o - c e n t r o i d

a distance ( i n . ) f o r
1. i n t e r i o r - i n t e r i o r connections
2. i n t e r i o r - s i d e connections
3: side - s i d e connections
4. corner s i d e connections
Card 6 (611)
. T h i s card contains s i x switches which s p e c i f y t h e amount and form o f

t h e o u t p u t from GEOM. The name, value, and f u n c t i o n o f each s w i t c h i s shown
be1ow.
Name Val ue . Function
IOUT(1) .GT.O Area and gap. connection data f o r COBRA Group 4 a r e

output.
IOUT(2) .GT.O Gap d i r e c t i o n angles f o r COBRA Group 4 a r e output.
IOUT(3) .GT.O COBRA Group 7 w i r e wrap data a r e output.
IOUT(4) . ..GT.O Rod t o channel connection data f o r Group 8 a r e o u t -

put.
NPUN .EQ.O The o u t p u t i s t o be on t h e l i n e p r i n g e r and on

l o g i c a l U n i t 9.
.NE.L The o u t p u t i s on. t h e punch as w e l l as t h e above.
IRODP .NE.O I n d i v i d u a l r e l a t i v e r o d powers f o r Group 8 a r e t o be

read s e q u e n t i a l l y from l o g i c a l u n i t IRODP. The card
reader i s l o g i c a l u n i t 5. L o g i c a l u n i t 9 i s a l s o
available.
Card 7 (15, 2F5.3, 315, F5.3, 15)
This card s p e c i f i e s a d d i t i o n a l model geometry i n f o r m a t i o n c o n s i s t i n g

of
1. number o f rods i n t h e bundle;

2. nominal r o d diameter ( i n . ) ;
3. nominal value o f . t h e rod' power factor;
4. the subchannel. f r i c t i o n factor typing parameter. If the typing
parameter i s zero, then a l l subchannels are assigned zero as the
subchannel type. If i t i s one; then interior subchannels are
TYPE 1 , edge subchannel TYPE 2, and corner subchannel TYPE 3 . I f
i t i s 2, then the subchannels are typed via the information
supplied in the.optiona1 eighth data card;
5. the wire wrap direction indicator. One represents clockwise
wrapping,and.zero, counterclockwise wrapping;
6. wire wrap starting angle (degrees). This i s an integer value and
therefore only. valued to the. nearest degree. The angle i s
measured counterclockwise from zero as shown in Figure E-2;
7. the effective wire pitch fraction for forcing crossflow ( 6 in
COBRA Group 7 ) ;
8. corner subchannel switch. If i t i s zero, then the corner sub-
channels are omitted; ,if i t is one, they are included.
, ,
Card 8 (15, 4(215))

This card i s needed only i f the subchannel friction factor typing
parameter of card 7 i s 2. I t contains the number of subchannel types to be
specified and the minimum and maximum subchannel number for each type.
Card 9
A blank card i s read' as the l a s t data card t o terminate the GEOM r u n .
OPTION 2 - AREA AND PERIMETER DATA CALCULATED IN GEOM

Card 1
Same as card 1 under -Option 1.
Card 2
This i s a blank card and signifies that Option 2 i s t o be used.
Card 3 (5E5.3)
This card contains
1. the rod pitch ( i n . )
2. rod diameter (in. )
3. pitch t o diameter r a t i o
4. f l a t - f l a t I.D. duct dimension
5. Rod Packing Factor. This variable i s limited t o the range from
zero t o one. If i t i s one, then assembly tolerances arc applied
uniformly and the peripheral and interior gaps have the same
.dimensions. If i t i s zero, then the tolerances are applied only
to the peripheral gaps and the interior gaps are assumed to have
a width defined as the rod pitch minus the rod diameter.
a) Wire wrap s t a r t i n g angle = 0" b) Wire wrap s t a r t i n g angle = 90"
. counterclockwise r o t a t i o n counterclockwise r o t a t i o n *
c) Wire wrap s t a r t i n g angle = '90" d) Wire wrap s t a r t i n g angle

clockwise r o t a t i o n * convention
*NOTE: When a wrap i s i n i t i a l l y on a gap t h e i n i t i a l wrap i n v e n t o r y

i s determined by moving the wrap completely Into t h e channel tvwdrd
which i t i s moving. Compare b and c above.
FIGURE E-2. D e f i n i t i o n o f Wrap S t a r t i n g Angle

and R o t a t i o n D i r e c t i o n
Only two of the f i r s t three variables of card 3 a r e needed and any one
may be omitted.
Card 4
Same a s card 6 under Option 1.
Card 5
Card 6
Card 7
Blank terminator card.
Under e i t h e r of the above input options, the rod power d i s t r i b u t i o n
f o r the COBRA Group 8 cards will be uniform, and wi 11 have the value
specified on card 7 under Option 1. The power d i s t r i b u t i o n can be modified .
by sequentially reading i n the r e l a t i v e rod powers under a 12F5.3 format
from the logical u n i t specified in card 6 from Option 1 o r card 4 under
Option 2 . I f the card reader i s selected, these data a r e read immediately
preceding the blank terminator card in the input deck.
APPENDIX F
COBRA VARIABLES DESCRIPTION
COORA-IV-I VARIABLES DESCRIPT!OEI
V a r i a b l e (Dimension) Con~deck Subroutine 3efinition
A(I.11 ,ME) S?EC 3 AREA L o c z l suichannel area, f t 2 . ( a )

AA(4), BB(41, ~ ~ ( 4 1 'SPEC 9 input C o e f f i c i e n t s f o r up t o 4 t u r b u l
f a c t o r c s r r e l a t i o n s . (Group 2 ) v! friction
AAA (I40 ,MG ) . SPEC 2 COBRA Crossflc.#,: c o e f f i c i e n t m a t r i x f o r t h e equation:

[AAA]*{\.i:. = {e>
AAAPRM ( N 7 ) . SPEC 17 DIVERT Vector s t o r a g e o f AGA.
AAH (N7) SPEC 14 SCHEI4E Term use' i n s o l u t i o n . o f energy equation.
AAL(4), BeL(4), SPEC 9 input C o e i f i c i s n t f o r up t o 4 l a m i n a r f r i c t i o n f a c t o r
CCL ( 4 ) correlations. (Grogp 2)
3
ABAR (MC) SPEC 19 XSCHEr4 E x i t density, l b / f t .
ABETA, BBETA SPEC 11 input I,lixing pe t-ameters used i n c a l c u l a t i n g t u r b u l e n t
crossflc..,;. (Group 10)
ACCELl SPEC 2 input Accelera-ion f a c t o r used i n e x p l i c i t t r a n s i e n t
f l o w f i e ? d s o l u t i o n . (Group 9 )
SPEC 2 input. A c c e l e r a ~ i o nf a c t o r used i n e x p l i c i t t r a n s i e n t
f l o w f i e l d s o l u t i o n . (Group 9 )
ACCELF SPEC 2 input External acceleration f a c t o r fir a x i a l flow.
(Group 5:
ACCELY SPEC 2 input Internal acceleration f a c t o r f o r crossflow
s o l u t i o n . (Group 9 )
2
SPEC 1 input Subchannel area, i n . . (Group 4 )
SPEC 10 input C o e f f i c i e n t s o f ~ ~ o r dt e r h polynomial f u n c t i o n o f
two-phase f r i c t i o n mu1 t i p 1 i e r versus qua1 i t y .
(Group 2;
AFACT (ML ,MA) SPEC 7 input R e l a t i v e subchannel area v a r i a t i o n . (Group 5 )
2
AFLUX SPEC 2 DIFFER Average p e a t f l u x , F13tu/hr-ft . (Group 11)
. AH(4) SPEC 10 input Constants f o r heat t r a n s f e r c o e f f i c i e n t equation.
(Group 2 j
ALPHA (MC) SPEC 2 VOID B u l k v o i d f r a c t i o n i n two-phase flow.
ANGLE (MG) SPEC 2 input Gap o r i e n t a t i o n angle, r a d i a n s . (Group 4)
AN (MC) SPEC 2 SETUP Subchannel area, AC/144, f t
2
.
AP2 IDT SPEC 2 XSCHEi4 0.5 * AP?(I,J)/DT
AP(M1,ME) SPEC 3 XSCHEM Storage f o r channel heat i n p u t .
APP (MI ,ME) SPEC 14 DIFFER Average s f t h e area a t the, c u r r e n
and a t t n o p r e v i o u s node, J-1, f t E .node J
ATOTAL SPEC 2 SETUP Summation o f subchannel flow areas, ftL.
th
AV(7) SPEC 10 input S i n q l e t c r m . s l i p r a t i o o r c o e f f i c i e n t s o f NV
o r d e r po:ynomial f u n c t i o n o f t h e b u l k v o i d f r a c t i o n
versus $-,a1 ity. (Group 2 )
AXIAL (MP) SPEC 2 input R e l a t i v e a x i a l power d i s t r i b u t i o n . (Group 3)
AXL (ML) SPEC 7 input Re1a t i v e a x i a l l o c a t i o n n f ~ ~ ~ h r h a n narea
el
variations. (Group 5 )
8 (MG SPEC 14 DIVERT I m p l i c i t crossflow f o r c i n q functiqn; see AAA.
BB(4) SPEC 9 input See AA
BBETA SPEC 11 input See ABET.:
BBL ( 4 ) SPEC 9 input See AAL
BETA(M1 ,ME) SPEC 3 DIFFER Crossflo:., momentum f l u x and r e s i s t a n c e .
( a ) The dimensions 1i s t e d represent t h e u n i t s employcd d u r i n g eode c a l c u l a t i o r l s . The I n p u t

i n s t r u c t i o n s should be c o n s u l t e d f o r v a r i a b l e dimensions d u r i n g i n p u t .
(b) See i n p u t i n s t r u c t i o n s under s p e c i f i e d group f o r more i n f o r m a t i o n .
COBRA-IV-I 'IARIABLES DESCRIPTION (Continued)
V a r i a b l e (Dimension,! Comdeck Subroutine Dofinition

BK(4) SPEC 12 input C o e f f i c i e n t s f o r up t o 3rd o r d e r polynomial
f u n c t i c n o f f u l l thermal c o n d u c t i v i t y versus
temperzture. (Group 8 )
SPEC 4 XSCHEM N o t used,
SPEC 11 input Tabulated 6 values f o r two-phase m i x i n g versus
q u a l i t y . (Group 10)
CC(4) SPEC 9 input See AA
CCL (4 ) SPEC 9 input See AAL
CCHANL(MI ,ISE ) SPEC 5 CHF Channel number i n ' r r h i c h minimum CHF r a t i o occurs
f o r r o d N a t a x i a l l o c a t i o n J.
CCLAD (MT) SPEC 12 input s p e c i f i c h e a t o f c l a d d i n g m a t e r i a l , Btu/lb-OF.
(Grotrp 3)
CD (MC ,MK) SPEC 6 input Loss c o e f f i c i e n t across g r i d t y p e N i n Channel I.
(Group 7 )
Speelfqc n@at o f f u e l marerial, Btu/lb-OF.
(Group 8 )
SPEC 5 CHF Minimun CHF r a t i o f o r r o d N f a c i n g Channel I.
SPEC 14 DIFFER C r o s s f l ow r e s i s t a n c e .
SPEC 2 PROP Thermal c o n d u c t i v i t y o f c o o l a n t based on enthalpy,
Btu/s~-fthCF.
SPEC 2 PROP S p e c i f i c h e a t o f c o o l a n t based on enthalpy,
B t u / l b-OF.
SPEC 9 STEAM S p e c i f i c h e a t o f 'superheated steam f o r steam
p r o p e r t y t a b l e , Btu/lb-OF. .
SPEC 12 SETUP Rod Diameter., DR/12, f t
2
.
DATE(2 ) SPEC 19 DOY ' Today's date.
DATIN(N2) SPEC 1 SETUP Peripheral storage vector f o r i n p u t variables.
DC (MC ) SPEC 1 SETUP Hydraul i c d i a m e t e r o f subchannel, 4*AC/PW, in.
DFDX (MC) SPEC 8 SCHEME df/dx, mass f l o w r a t e d e r i v a t i v e .
DFUEL(MT) SPEC 12 input Diameter o f fuel p e l l e t , ft. (Group 8)
DHDX (MG ) SPEC 8 SCHEME dh/dx, enthalpy d e r i v a t i v e . .
DHYD (M.1 ;t4E) SPEC..P AREA L o c a l subchannel h y d r a u l i c diameter, . f t .
DHYDN (MC) SPEC 2 SETUP Nominal h y d r a u l i c diameter, DC/12, ft.
DIA SPEC 6 input Diameter o f r o d i n c l u d i n g c l a d , ft. (Group 7 )
BlST(MC,4) SPEC 9 input C e n t r o i d-'to-centroid d i s t a n c e between subchanneii,
i n . (Group 4 )
DPDX (MC ) SPEC 8 DIFFER dP/dx, pressure d e r i v a t i v e .
DPK(MC) SPEC 14 DIFFER Losses due t o t h e f r i c t i o n a l pressure drop
and p r e s s u r e drop across g r i d spacers.
DPGlP (14C ) SPEC 14 DIFFER Momentum exchange due t o t u r b u l e n t mixing.
DR (MR) SPEC 1 input Rod d i z m e t e r i n c l u d i n g c l a d , i n . (Group 8 )
DT SPEC 2 SETUP Nominal t i m e step, sec.
DTGC SPEC 2 COBRA, DT*GC
DTI I(MG) SPEC 17 DIVERT Temporary s t o r a g e of c o e f f i c i e n t s o f w i n
e q u a t i o n ( 9 ) . O n l y values f o r subchannel IK(K)
are stored.
COBRA-IV-I VARIABLES DESC?IPTIO>I (Continued)
V a r i a b l e (Dimension) Co~ndeck Subroutine

- --
DTJJ (MG) SPEC 17 DIVERT S a ~ eas 3 T I I b u t f o r s u b z n a n n ~ l J%(C).
DTI.1AX SPEC 9 input Maximum temperature d i f f s r e n c e f o r superheated
steam t c b l e , 'F. (Group 1 )
DTU DIVERT I n l i n e f u n c t i o n which g a t h e r s a l l t h e ' c o e f f i c i e n t s
o f W j i n equation ( i l ) .
DUR(MG) SPEC 6 input E f f e c t i v e , f r a c t i o n o f wrap p i t c h f o r f o r c i n g
crossf1c~;i. (Group 7)
DX SPEC 2 SETUP A x i a l node l e n g t h , ft.
DX2 SPEC 2 SETUP DX*DX
0x41 SPEC 2 SETUP 0.25/DX
DXDT SPEC 2 COBRA
DXGC SPEC 2 SETUP
DX I SPEC 2 SETUP
DXIDT SPEC 2 COBRA, , DX/DT .
ELEV SPEC 2 SETUP G r a v i t y ; c o s i n e (THETA)
ETIME SPEC 19 COBRA Elapsed t r a n s i e n t time, sec.
F(M1 ,ME) SPEC 3 SCHEME ' L c c a l subchannel mass f l o w , lb/sec.
F(MP) SPEC 22 CURVE A r r a y f o r dependent v a r i a b l e i n CURYE
FCOUR SPEC 2 input Courant number, U * i t / h x . (Group 9 )
FDIV(MG) SPEC 6 FORCE A forced diversion crossflow switch
= 0, forced c r o s s f l o w absent
= 1, forced c r o s s f l o w p r e s e n t
FOT SPEC 2 input Maximum t i m e step, sec. (Group 9 )
FERROR SPEC 2 input Flow cofivergence c r i t e r i o n . (Group 9 ) .
FG(14P) SPEC 19 input F o r c i n g f u n c t i o n f o r change i n i n l e t mass
v e l o c i t y o r pressure drop a t t r a n s i e n t t i m e Y.
(Group 11 )
FH (MP ) SPEC 19 input F o r c i n g f u n c t i o n , f r a c t i o n a l change i n i n l e t
e n t h a l p y a t . t r a n s i e n t t i m e YH. (Group 11)
FHX (MP) SPEC 19 input F o r c i n g f u n c t i o n , f r a c t i o n a l change i n e x i t
e n t h a l p y a t - t r a n s i e n t ..time YHX. (Group 11 )
FINLET(MC) SPEC 1 SETUP subchannel i n l e t f l o w , 1b/sec.
FLOW (MC ) SPEC 14 DIFFER Sum o f f l o w a t J and J-1, a x i a l l e v e l s
rLUX(M1 ,ME') SPEC 5 HEAT Local h e a t f l u x , ~tu/sec-ftz.
FLXX(MR) SPEC 12 TEMP Local heat flux, Btu/sec-ft
. 2.
FOLD(M1 ,ME) SPEC 3 COBRA Mass flc,,,i from t h e previous t i m e step, l b / s e c .
FPIMP) ' SPEC 19 input F o r c i n g f u n c t i o n f o r system pressure a t t r a n s i e n t
times YP. (Group 11 )
SPEC 19 input F o r c i n g f u n c t i o n , f r a c t i o n a l change i n average
h e a t f l u x a t t r a n s i e n t times YQ. (Group 11)
FSP (MC) SPEC 2 . PROP Friction factor
FTM SPEC 11 input Tut b u l e n t momentunl t a c t o r . (Group 9 )
FT(MP) SPEC 19 input Maximum p e r m i s s i b l e time s t e p a t t r a n s i e n t t i m e
YT. (Group 9 )
FXFLOW(MG,MX) SPEC 6 input Forced c r o s s f l o w due t o g r i d spacers. (Group 7)
GAP(MI,ME) . SPEC 4 SETUP .Local gap spacing between a d j a c e n t channels, f t .
GAPN(MG SPEC 7 SETUP Gap spacing, GAPS/lZ, F t .
GAPS '(MC,4) SPEC 1 input Gap spacing between a d j a c e n t subchannels, i n .
(Group 4 )
SPEC 7 input' R e l a t i v e a x i a l l o c a t i o n s o f gap w i d t h v a r i a t i o n s .
(Group 6 )
COBRA-IV-I VARIASLES DESiRIPT!OII (Continuzd)
V a r i a b l e (Dim2nsion) Corndeck Subroutine Definition

2
GC SPEC 2 COBRA 32.2 l b a - f t l l b f - s e c
GFACT(I.IL ,;.is) SPEC 7 input R e l a t i v e gap w i d t h v a r i z t i o n . (Group 6 )
GK SPEC. 11 input Kg, g e c n e t r y f a c t o r f o r conduction. (Group 10)
GRID SPEC 6 SETUP G r i d spzcer s w i t c h = . t r s e . g r i d s p r e s e n t
= . f z l s e . g r i d s absent
SPEC 6 input ~ e l a t i v 'ea x i a l l o c a t i o n o f g r i d spacer. (Group 7 )
SPEC 3 SCHEME L o c a l sgbchannel e n t h a l p y , 6 L u l l b
SPEC 19 COBRA E n t h a l p y a t t h e bundle e x i t , 8 t u / l b
SPEC 10 PROP S a t u r a t e d l i q u i d e n t h a l p y a t the r e f e r e n c e
pressure, B t q ~ b. /l
PROP Latent 5oat o f v a p o r i z a t i o n a t . the reference
p r e s s u r e , (KG-HF), 8 t u / ? b .
PRnP Heat transfer coefficient.
PROP d.4vapu~,'ell t l i a l py a t
Sd ~ u r -1 the I-cfcrcncc
pressure. B t u l l b .
HGAP (MT ) SPCC 12. input Gap cocductanco tretvreerr fitel and cladding,
Btu/sec-ft2-'F. (Group 8 )
SPEC 9 STEAM E n t h a l p y o f superheated steam f o r steam p r o p e r t y
table, Stullb.
SPEC 9 input E n t h a l p y of l l q u i d f o r f l u ~ i dp r o p e r t i e s t a b l e ,
B t u l l b . (Group 1 )
SPEC 9 input E n t h a l p y o f vapor f o r f l u i d p r o p e r t i e s t a b l e ,
Btu/lb. (Group 1 )
SPEC 1 SETUP Subchannel i n l e t e n t h a l p y , B t u / l b.
SPEC 19 input Meximur b l o t coordinates f o r t h e f o u r types o f
p l o t s ; p a i r e d w i t h ZPT(4). (Group 12)
HOLD(M1 ,ME) SPEC 3 COBRA L o c a l e n t h a l p y a t p r e v i o u s t i m e step, B t u / l b .
HOUT SPEC 19 input E n t h a l p y o f upper plenum, B t u l l b: (Group 11)
HPERIM(MC ) SPEC 2 COBRA Heated perimeter,' PH/12, ft.
HSURF(MI ,ME) SPEC 5 HEAT Average s u r f a c e h e a t t r a n s f e r c o e f f i c i e n t
s u r r o u n d i n g rod, ~ t u / s e ~ - f t 2 - ' ~ .
SPEC 2 COBRA Designates i n p u t d e v i c e (read statements).
SPEC 2 COBRA Designates o u t p u t device ( w r i t e statements ) .
SPEC. 19 COBRA 1/0 d e v i c e tb
which c u r r e n t v a r i a b l e s a r e dumped
at end o f j o b (see e x p l a n a t i o n o f Dump and R e s t a r t
option)
IUARtA (MC ) SPEC 7 SETUP I d e n t i f i c a t i o n numbcr f o r a subchannel t h a t has arc?!
variations.
IDFUEL (MR) SPEC 12 input Rod t y p e f o r p r o p e r t y d e s i g n a t i o n . (Group 8 )
1DCAP (MG) SPEC 7 SETUP 1 d e n t i f i c a t . i n n number f o r gap that has gap v a r i a t i o n
IDTGC SPEC 2 COBRA 1/ (DT*GC ) .
IDTYP(MR) SPEC 12 input Fuel shape, c y l i n d e r o r p l a t e .
IERROR SPEC 2 COBRA Error flag: = 0, no problem
> 1, p r i n t e r r o r messages
SPEC 14 SCHEME Temporary s t o r a g e f o r p r i n t i n g w i r e wrap f o r c e d
c r o s s f l o w data.
IFINH SPEC 19 SETUP I n l e t e n t h a l p y f l a g i f f l o w reverses.
0 - i n l e t enthalpy specified
1 - i n l e t h f l o a t e d (takes l a s t e x i t value).
COBPA-IV-I VP.RIAELES DESCRIPTION .!Cc;ntinu?d)
V a r i a b l e (Dimension) Condeck Subroutine Deficition

IFOUTH SPEC 19 SETUP E x i t enthal;;) f1e.z d e f i n e d 1fCe IFIhiH.
IFTY P(f.11 ,ME ) SPEC 5 COBRA Fuel t;lpe i d s n t i f i cr..
IG SPEC 19 input I n l e t ;ass v e l o c i t y o p t i o n . (Group 11, N2)
= 0, GIN i s i n l e t mass v e l o c i t y f o r each
chann21
.= 1, GIEI is a v ~ r a q e ' i n l e tzass y e l o c i t y ,
b u t ssbchznnel f l o w s ? r e s p l i t t o
g i v e equal dp/dx
= 2, i n d i v i d u a : subchznnel f l o w f r a c t i o n s a r e
read i n
SPEC 6 input G r i d s?acer type number.
SPEC 19 input I n l e t e n t h a l p y o p t i o n . (Group 11, N1)
= 0, HIN i s i n i ? t e n t h a l p y
= 1, .HIN i s i n l e t t e n p e r a t u r e
= 2, t h e i n l e t e n t h a l p y f o r each subchannel
i s r ~ a di n
= 3, t h e i n l e t temperature f o r each subchannel
i s read i n
SPEC 2 SETUP I d e n t i f i e s subchznnels on o p g o s i t e s i d e s o f a gap
p a i r e d w i t h JK.
SPEC 2 input I d e n t i f i e d ' subchannels on o p p o s i t e s i d e s o f a w a l l
p a i r e d w i t h JKW.
ILOC(N8) SPEC 14 SETUP S i n g l y dimensioned ILOCS.
ILOCS (MC 'NAAHP1) SPEC 2 SETUP A r r a y t o i d e n t i f y gaps and w a l l s connected t o
subchannel I.
SPEC 19 SETUP I d e n t i f i e s sdbchannels on o p p o s i t e s i d e s o f ' a . gap
t h a t has ga? v a r i a t i o n s . P a i r e d v i i t h J!4.
SPEC 19 RESULT Dummy v a r i a b l e used i n p r i n t o u t of c r o s s f l o w
in f o r r a t i o n .
SPEC 19 input I d e n t i f i c a t i o n numbers o f channels f o r which
i n f o r r a t i o n w i l l be p l o t t e d . (Group 12)
SPEC 19 input I d e n t i f i c a t i o n nuabers o f gaps f o r which
i n f o r r c a t i o n w i l l be p l o t t e d . (Group 12)
IROLL SPEC 2 input Data s t o r a g e o p t i o n . (Group 9, H4)
= 1, ROLL o p t i o n employed
ISTAR (MG ) SPEC 14 DIFFER Humber o f t h e donor channel f o r . c r o s s f l o w through
gap K.
ISTEAM SPEC 9 input Superheated steam p r o p e r t i e s t a b l e f l a g ;
0, 'no super.t~ested p r o p e r t i e s
= 1, superheated p r o p e r t i e s c a l c u l a t e d .
(Group 1, :t2)
ITERAT SPEC 2 SCHEME Loop c o u n t e r f o r t h e e x t e r n a l i t e r a t i o n l o o p i n
SCHEME.
ITRAP SPEC 2 XSCHEM C a l c u l a t i o n a l s w i t c h i n XSCHEM.
ITRY SPEC 2 input f~laximumnumber o f Gauss-Siedel i t e r a t i o n s . SCHEME.
(Group 9)
IfRYM ' SPEC 2 input blinimurn number o f i n t e r n a l i t e r a t i o n s , SCHEME.
(Group 9 ) .
ITb1 EP SPEC 19 input Number o f elements i n v a r i a b l e maximum t i m e s t e p
t a b l e . (Group 9, N5)
IZTY PE(MT,,MY-) SPEC 12 input I d e n t i f i c a t i o n number o f t h e f u e l t y p e i n each
f u e l zone. (Group 8 )
J1 SPEC 2 input D i r e c t s p r i n t - o u t o f i n p u t data, (case c o n t r o l c a r d ) ;
= 0, p r i n t on1 y, new data
= 1, p r i n t e n t i r e l n ? u t
= 2, p r i n t o n l y o p e r a t i n g c o n d i t i o n s
COBRA-IV-I \'ARIABLES 3ESCr IPTIO:; (Continued)
V a r i a b l e (Dimension) - -
Subroutine D e i i n it i o n
52 . input Subccoled v o i d o p t i o n . (Group 2, N1)
= 0, no S U ~ C O O ~ E : \lords
= 1, Levy s u b c ~ o l e dv o i d model
SPEC 2 input Option f o r bulk void correlation. (Group 2, N2)
= 0, homcgenouj b u l k v o i d model
= 1, m o d i f i e d Arzand, b u l k v o i d model
= 5 , .homogenous mcdel w i t h s p e c i f i e d s l i p
ratio
= 6, b u l k v o i d f r a c t i o n i n p u t as an Nth
o r d e r polynomizl f u n c t i o n of qua1 it y
SPEC 2 input I n p u t data o p t i o n f o r two-phase f r i c t i o n -
mu1 t i p l i e r , (groiip 2, Ii3)
= 0, homc)eneoirs i ~ 0 d 2 1
= 1, Ani1andtf1-iction m u l t i p l i e r
= 5 , f r i c t i o n ~ u l t l p i l e ri r ~ p u las ail Nth
o r d e r polynomial f u n c t j o n o f q u a l i t y
input R a d i a l t h e r z a l c o t i d u ~ ~ l oupL
n lull. (01i r ~ p10. 113)
= 0, conduction absent
= 1, c o n d ~ c t i o np r e s e n t
SPEC 6 input Flags type u f spacer design. (Group 7, N1)
= 1, w i r e wraps
= 2, g r i d spacers
= 3, both
SPEC 10 PROP I n d i c a t e s a x i a l l o c a t i o n o f onset o f sub-.
c o o l e d b o i l i n g i n Subchannel I.
SPEC 2 SETUP see I %
SPEC. 2 SETUP see IK'II
SPEC 19 SETUP see 11.: .
SPEC 19 RESULT see If.:?
SPEC 19 input Determines t h e t y p e o f AP t r a n s i e n t . (Group 11, N7)
= 0, prcssi!rs r l 1 - n ~i s (liven i n p s i
= 1, pressure drop t r a n s i e n t i s a f r a c t i o n o f
t h e s t e a d y - s t a t e pressure d r o p
Numeri z s l s o l u t i o n o p t i o n . (f;rolrp Y, ~ 3 )
= 0, i m p l i c i t s o l u t i o n
= 1 , expl i c i t s o l u t i o n ; pressure boundary ,
condition, running s t a r t
= 2, e x p l i c i t s o l u t i o n , pressure boundary
condition, standing s t a r t
= 3, e x p l i c i t s o l u t i c n , i n l e t f l o w speci-
f i e d running s t z r t
= 4, e x p l i c i t s o ' l u t i o n , i r l l e r f l a w s p r c l -
f i e d standing s t a r t
'
K12 SPEC 2 SETUP S e t t o one i f gap o r i e n t a t i o n angles a r e used.
KASC SPEC 19 input Case number, (case c o n t r o l c a r d )
KCLAD (MT) SPEC 12 input Thermai c o n d g c t i v i t y o f c l a d d i n g m a t e r i a l ,
Btu/sec-f t - O F . (Group 8)
SPEC 10 PROP- S a t u r a t e d l i q u i d thermal c o n d u c t i v i t y a t t h e
r e f e r e n c e pressure, Btu/sec-ft-OF.
COBRA- I V - I VARIAaLES DESCRIPT 1011 ( S o n t i nued)
V a r i a b l e (Dimension) Comdeck Subroutine Definition

KFUEL(MT) SPEC 12 input Thermal c o n c i . ~ c t i vti y o f f u e l n a t e r i a l ,
Btu/sec-ft-'i. (Group 2)
KIJ SPEC 2 input C r o s s f low r e s i s t a n c e c o e f f i c i e n t . (Group 9)
KKF (MP) SPEC 9 input Thermal c o n d : ~ c t i vti y o f 1 i q u i d f o r f l u i d p r o p e r t i e s
table, Stu/hr-ft-'F. (Sroup 1 )
SPEC 9 Thermal c o n d u c t i v i t y o f superheated steam
f o r Steain P r o p e r t y Tab1 e, Btu/sec-ft-OF.
LAWWF SPEC 9 input >1, f l a g s l a n i n a r f l o w f r i c t i o n f a c t o r
c o r r e l a t i o n . (Group 2)
SPEC 1 input A d j a c e n t subchannel nurber. LC(1 , J ) i s t h e J t h
subchannel a d j a c e n t t o Subchannel I. (Groirp 4 )
SPEC 2 SETUP C e n t r o i d t o c e n t r o i d d i s t a n c e , DIST/12, ft.
SPEC 17 DIVERT Equivalenced t o t h e LOCA a r r a y .
SPEC 2 SETUP Gap g e m e t r y a r r a y LOCk c o n t a i n s up t o
NAAA gap nurcbers a d j a c e n t t o gap K.
SPEC 12 input I d e n t i f i c a t i o n nur,ber o f subchannel f a c i n g r o d N.
(Group 3 )
LUI SPEC 2 COBRA . READ/\.J2ITE d e v i c e f o r ROLL o p t i o n .
' iU0 SPEC 2 COBRA READ/WRITE d e v i c e f o r R3LL o p t i o n .
MI SPEC 19 COBRA SPECSET paranenter, com?uted i n SPECSET, w i d t h '
o f SA!'EAl', SAVEA2, and SAYEA3 a r r a y s .
SPEC 19 COBRA SPECSET paraiyeter, maxinum number of sub-
channel s t h a t can have area v a r i a t i o n s .
MARK(M1 ,ME) SPEC 14 DIVER Forced gap i d e n t i f i e r s .
MAXT SPEC .19 input Maximum,execiltion t i m e on t h e computer.
MC SPEC 19 COBRA SPECSET paraaeter, maxinum number o f
subchannels.
MCHFRC (MX ) SPEC 13 CHF Number o f t h e subchannel i n which t h e minimum
CHF r a t i o occurs.
SPEC 19 COBRA SPECSET parameter, s e t t o 3 f o r s t o r a g e on
p e r i p h e r a l s (see e x p l a n a t i o n o f ROLL o p t i o n ) ,
o t h e r w i s e equal t o MX.
SPEC 19 COBRA SPECSET paraneter, maximum number. o f gaps.
SPEC 19 COBRA SPECSET p a r a x e t e r , maxinum number .of g r i d
Spacer types.
SPEC 19 COBRA SPECSET p a r a n e t e r , m a x i ~ u mnumber o f a x i a l
l o c a t i o n s f o r gap and area v a r i a t i o n s .
SPEC 19 COBRA SPECSET p a r a c e t e r , number o f f u e l c o l l o c a t i o n
p o i n t s p l u s three.
SPEC 5 HCOOL I d e n t i f i e s h e a t t r a n s f e r mode.
SPEC 19 COBRA SPECSET p a r a r e t e r , maxinum number o f cards
i n Stean P r o p e r t y Table.
FIR SPEC 19 COBRA SPECSET paraneter, maxinum number o f rods..
MS SPEC 19 COBRA SPECSET p a r a z e t e r , maxinum number o f gaps
t h a t can have gap spacing v a r i a t i o n s .
SPEC 19 COBRA SPECSET p a r a z e t e r , maximum number o f f u e l types.
SPEC 19 COBRA SPECSET p a r a n e t e r , maximum number o f w a l l
'."cannX!ct ions .
SPEC 19 COBRA SPECSET paraneter, maximum number o f a x i a l
nodes p l u s one.
COBRA- I V - I VARIABLES DESCR1PTIO:I (Continued)
V a r i a b l e (Dimension) Comdeck Subroutine Lsfinition

MY SPEC 19 COBRA S?ECSE7 p a r a z e t e r , maximum number o f a x i a l
f u e l type divisions.
SPEC 19 COBRA SPECSET p a r m e t e r , maximum number o f a x i a l
l o c a t i o n s f o r g r i d spacers.
SPEC 2 f.iaximu:- w i d t h o f <he AAA m a t r i x , ( f i v e f o r
hexagonal, seven f o r square a r r a y s ) .
NAAAPl SPEC 2 COBRA EIAAA + 1
NAAH SPEC 2 COBRA I.:axiniu, number o f connections t o a channel
plus or~e.
NAAHPl SPEC 2 COBRA ElAAH + 1
NAFACT SPEC 7 input T o t a l tluniber o f sgbcharinel area v a r i a t i o n s .
(Grwup 5, Ell)
NARAMP SPEC 7 input Number o f i t e r a t i o n s f o r i n s e r t i n g area
v a r i a t i o n s . (Group 5, i43)
SPEC 2 input Number o f elements i n a x i a l heat f l u x t a b l e .
(Group 3, N1)
NAXL SPEC 7 input Number o f a x i a l p o s i t i o n s f o r subchannel
area v a r i a t i o n s . (Group 5, iI2)
NDBC SPEC 11 input Two-phase m i x i n g o p t i o n . (Group 10, N2)
< 2 , same as subcooled
> 2 , 3 i s a function o f quality;
-
SPEC 12 input Fuel c o l l o c a t i o n . o p t i o n . (Group 8, N3)
= 0, no f u e l model
= 2, second o r d z r c o l ' l o c a t i o n
= 3, t h i r d o r d e r c o l l o c a t i o n .
NCHANL SPEC 2 input Number o f subchannels. (Group 4, N2)
NCHF SPEC 13 input I n p u t d a t a o p t i o n f o r CHF c o r r e l a t i o n .
(Group 8. Nb),'
0, I I U 'CHF L ' d l c ~ l i i t f ~ n S
= 1, B&W-2 CHF c o r r e l a t i o n
'P 2 , W-3 CHF cur.r.eldtlun.
SPEC 13 COBRA S e l e c t s t h e c r i t i c a l heat f l u x c o r r e l a t i o n

o n b a s i s o f s y s t e a pressure f o r t h e RELAP4
b o i l i n g h e a t t r a n s f e r c o r r e l a t i o n s package.
SPEC 7 SETUP Subchannel number i n u h i c h area v a r i a t i p n
occurs.
flDT SPLC I Y input Number o f t i m e s t e p s f o r t r a n s i e n t . (Group 9 )
NDTPl SPEC 19 COBRA o f tlme
Nur~~ber steps p l u s one..
, NDX SPEC. 2 input Number o f a x i a l nodes. (Group 9 )
NDXPl SPEC 2 SETUP l,Iumber o f a x i a l nodes p l u s one.
NF SPEC. 10 input f,:umher o f c o e f f i c i e n t s of polynomial f u n c t i o n
e x p r e s s i n g b u l k v o i d f r a c t i o n ; see AF.
NG SPEC 'I9 input Number o f elements i n nass v e l o c i t y t r a n s i e n t
t a b l e . (see YG, FG). (Group 11, N5)
NGAP (MS ) SPEC 7 SETUP Gap n u ~ b e ri n which gap w i d t h v a r i a t i o n occurs.
NGAPS SPEC 7 input T o t a l number o f gaps f o r which gap v a r i a t i o n s
occur. (Group 6. 111 )
NGR ID SPEC 6 input Number o f g r i d spacers. (Group 7, N3)
COBRA-IV- I VARIABLES DESCRIPTI0i.I (Continued)
V a r i a b l e (Dinlension1 Comdeck Subroutine Definition

NGRIDT SPEC 6 input /!umber o f g r i d spacer types. (Group 7, N4)
KGTYPE . SPEC 6 FORCE G r i d t y p e number.
NGXL SPEC 7 input I-iaximum number o f a x i a l p o s i t i o n s f o r gap
variations. (Group 6, 112)
NHTC SPEC 2 input Heat t r a n s f e r c o r r e l a t i c n o p t i o n . (Group 8, N7)
= 0, c o r r e l a t i o n s based on subcooled f l o w
= 1, RELAP b o i l i n g f l o ~c o r r e l a t i o n package
NHX .SPEC 19 input Number o f elemerlts i n e x i t e n t h a l p y t r a n s i e n t
t a b l e (see FHX, YHX). (Group 11, i:8)
NJUMP SPEC 19 RESTRT Flag f o r r e s t a r t option.
= 0, no r e s t a r t
= 1, problem i s r e s t a r t e d
NK SPEC 2 SETUP Number o f gap connections.
NOUT SPEC 19 input Output o p t i o n . (Group 12, N1)
= 0, subchannels o n l y
= 1, subchannels and gaps
= 2, subchannels and rods
= 3, a l l three
NP SPEC 19 input Number o f e l e ~ n e n t s i n pressure t r a n s i e n t tab1 es,
(see YP, FP). (Group 11, N3)
PIPCHAN SPEC 19 input O u t p u t o p t i o n , number o f channels t o be p r i n t e d
( i f zero, p r i n t a l l ) . (Group 12, N2)
NPGAP SPEC 19 input Output o p t i o n , number o f gaps f o r which i n f o r -
m a t i o n w i l l be p r i n t e d . (Group 12, N 5 )
NPLTCH SPEC 19 input O u t p u t o p t i o n , number o f channels f o r which
i n f o r m a t i o n w i l l be p l o t t e d . (Group 12, N7)
NPLTGP SPEC 19 input , Output o p t i o n , number o f gaps f o r which i n f o r -
m a t i o n w i l l be p l o t t e d . (Group 12, N8)
NPNODE SPEC 19 input O u t p u t o p t i o n , r a d i a l nodes f o r which f u e l
temperatures w i l l be p r i n t e d (minimum = 3,
(maximum = 7), o r (NPNODE = 0 ) . (Group 12, N4)
NPROD SPEC 19 input O u t p u t o p t i o n , number o f rods f o r which i n f o r -
m a t i o n w i l l be p r i n t e d . (Group 12, N3)
NPROP SPEC 19 input Number o f cards i n Steam P r o p e r t i e s Table.
(Group 1, N1)
SPEC 19 input Number o f elements i n power t r a n s i e n t t a b l e
(see YG, FG) . (Group 11, N6)
NQAX SPEC '12 .. input I n p u t o p t i o n f o r v a r i a b l e thermal conduc-
t i v i t y o f f u e l and a x i a l conduction.
(Group 8, N6),
= 0, no added o p t i o n s
= .I,v a r i a b l e c o n d u c t i v i t y
= 2 , a x i a l conduction
= 3, v a r i a b l e c o n d u c t i v i t y and a x i a l
conduction
NRAMP SPEC 6 input Number o f i t e r a t i o n s t o i n s e r t t h e a f f e c t of
g r i d s o r wires. (Group 7, N5)
NROD SPEC 2 input Number o f rods. (Group 8, N2)
NRODTP SPEC 12 input A x i a l l y v a r y i n g f u e l zone f l a g . (Group 8, N8)
= 0, no a x i a l l y v a r y i n g zones
> 0, a x i a l zones p r e s e n t
COBRA- I V - I VADIABLES DESCRIPTION (Continued)
Variable (Dimension.1 - -k
Colndec Subroutine Definition
NSCBC SPEC 11 input ~ u ~ c o o l emixing
d option, (Group 10, Nl )
= 0, 6 = W/SG = a
= 1, U/GS - a(Re)b
= 2, W/GD - a ( ~ e ) b
=. 3, W/GS - (S/ZIJ) a ( ~ e ) b
NSKIPT SPEC 19 input Output option. P r i n t every NSKIRT time steps.
(Group 9, N1)
NSKIPX SPEC 19 input Output option. P r i n t every NSKIPX a x i a l nodes.
(Group 9, R1)
NSKPLT SPEC 19 input Output option. P l o t every NSKPLT time steps.
(Group 12, N6)
NTRIES SPEC 19 input External i t e r a t i o n 1i m i t f o r imp1 i c i t s o l u t i o n .
(Group 9)
NTRYX SPEC 2 input It e r d t i o n l i m i t f o r e x p l i c i t flow f i e l d s o l u t i o n .
(Group 9)
NI'KYY SPEC 2 inpu't I t e r a t i o n 1i m i t f o r e x p l i c i t energy s o l u t i o n .
(Group 3 )
NTYPC(MC) SPEC 9 Input Flag f o r channel type f o r f r i c t i o n f a c t o r
NV SPEC 10 input Number o f c o e f f i c i e n t s of polynomial function
expressing two-phase f r i c t i o n m u l t i p l i e r ; see AV.
NVISCW SPEC 9 input Option f o r w a l l v i s c o s i t y c o r r e c t i o n t o f r i c t i o n
f a c t o r . (Group 2, N4)
= 0, no c o r r e c t i o n
= 1, c o r r e c t i o n used
NWK SPEC 2 input Number o f w a l l connections. (Group 4, R4)
NWR SPEC 2 COBRA Maximum number of.connections t o a channel
(thermal + - f l o w ) .
SPEC 2 input I n i t i a l wrap inventory f o r each subchannel.
NZONE(MT) SPEC 12 input Number of fuel zones.
OUTPUT ( 12 ) SPEC 19 RESULT Array use? t o p r i n t . output.
P(M1 ,ME) SPEC 3 SCHEME R e l a t i v e pressure a t a x i a l l o c a t i o n J i,n
subchannel I,l b / f t 2 .
PERIM(MC ) SPEC 2 COBRA Wetted perimeter, PW/12, ft.
PEXIT SPEC 2 input System operating pressure, psia. (Gro.up 11 )
PH(MC) SPEC 1 input Subchannel heated perimeter, i n . (Group 4)
PHI (MC) SPEC 21 VOID Two-phase f r i c t i o n pressure g r a d i e n t m u l t i p l i e r .
P H I (MK,ti) SPEC 12 . input ~ r a c t i o no f the heated perimeter. o f rod N f a c i n g
subchannel I. (Group 8)
PHTOT SPEC 19 SETUP T o t a l heated perimeter, ft.
PI SPEC 2 COBRA Constant I?, PI .= 355./113
PIN SPEC 2 COBRA Pressure drop ( p s i ) . f o r pressure boundary condition.
PITCH SPEC' 6 input P i t c h l e n g t h o f w i r e wrap, ft. '(Group 7 )
POUT SPEC 2 XSCEM E x i t pressure, l b / f t
2
.
POWER SPEC 2 COBRA Value o f FQ a t appropriate t r a n s i e n t time.
PP(MP) SPEC 9 input ~ r e i s u r ea r r a y i n the f l u i d droperty t a h l e , psia.
(Group 1 )
PREF SPEC 10 input System reference pressure, psia,. (Group 11 )
COBRA-. I V - 1' VARIABLES DESCRIPTION (Continued)
V a r i a b l e (Dimension) Comdec k - Subrouting Definition
PREFOL SPEC 9 COBRA Reference pressure from p r e v i o u s t i m e step.

PRINT(12) SPEC 19 SETUP Logical variable d i r e c t s output o f selected
i n p u t data groups.
SPEC 19 input I d e n t i f i c a t i o n numbers o f subchannels f o r which
i n f o r i n a t i o n w i l l be p r i n t e d . (Group 12)
SPEC 19 input I d e n t i f i c a t i o n numbers o f gaps f o r which c r o s s f l o w
i n f o r m a t i o n w i l l be p r i n t e d . (Group 12)
SPEC 19 SETUP A r r a y f o r r a d i a l f u e l node p r i n t i n g .
SPEC 19 input I d e n t i f i c a t i o n numbers o f rods f o r which i n f o r -
m a t i o n w i l l be p r i n t e d
PSI (MI ,ME) SPEC 4 XSCHEM Lateral resistance c o e f f i c i e n t storage array.
PW (MC ) SPEC 1 input Subchannel w e t t e d p e r i m e t e r , i n . (Group 4 )
QAX SPEC 2 HEAT Local a x i a l power f a c t o r , o b t a i n e d by i n t e r -
p o l a t i o n a t (X-D;</2) from r e l a t i v e a x i a l h e a t
f l u x table.
QCRIT SPEC 9 CHFCOR C r i t i c a l h e a t f l u x c a l c u l a t e d u s i n g RELAP4 heat
t r a n s f e r c o r r e l a t i o n package f o r b o i l i n g f l o w .
SPEC 2 HEAT Heat i n p u t t o channel based on PHI and s u r f a c e
heat f l u x , Btu/sec-ft.
QUAL(MC ) SPEC 2 VOID Local e q u i l b r i u m q u a l i t y based on enthalpy,
(h - hf)/hfg.
RADIAL(ME) SPEC. 12 input R a d i a l power f a c t o r o f r o d N. (Gr,oup 8)
RCLAD (MT) SPEC 12. input Density o f c l a d material, l b / f t 3 . (Group 8 )
RFUEL (MT) SPEC 12 input D e n s i t y o f fuel m a t e r i a l , l b / f t
3
. (Group 8 )
RHOBAR(M1 ,ME) SPEC 3 XSCHEM A x i a l r e s i s t a n c e c o e f f i c i e n t storage.
RHOF SPEC 10 PROP Saturated l i q u i d density a t the reference
pressure, l / v f , l b / f t 3 .
RHOG SPEC 10 PROP S a t u r a t c d vapor d e n s i t y a t t h e r e f e r e n c e
pressure, l / v g , 1b / f t 3 .
RHOLCP(MW ) SPEC 2 DIFFER T o t a l w a l l h e a t c a p a c i t y , ~ t u / f t ~ - ' ~ .(Group 4 )
RHO(M1 ,ME.) SPEC 3 SCHEME Density, l b / f t
3
.
RHOOLD(M1 ,ME) SPEC 3 COBRA D e n s i t y from t h e p r e v i o u s t i m e step.
RWALL(2 ,MW)
2
SPEC 2 DIFFER Wall thermal r e s i s t a n c e , f t -sec-"F/Btu. (Group 4 )
SAVCA1,(MI ) SPEC 14' SETUP Dummy a r r a y t h a t s t o r e s t h e v a r i a b l e s f n r
the J -1 l e v e l (see e x p l a n a t i o n o f ROLL o p t i o n ) .
SPEC 14 SETUP Dummy a r r a y t h a t s t o r e s t h e v a r i a b l e s f o r
t h e J l e v e l i n t h e ROLL. ,
SPEC 14 SETUP Dummy a r r a y t h a t s t o r e s t h e v a r i a b l e s f o r
t h e J + 1 l e v e l i n t h e ROLL.
SAVEAL (M2) SPEC 2 SETUP Equivalenced v a r i a b l e f o r p e r i p h e r a l s t o r a g e
o f a x i a l l y dimensioned v a r i a b l e s .
SAVRES (MI ) SPEC 14 SETUP Equivalenced t o SAVEA2 and SAVEA3.
SIGMA SPEC 10 PROP Surface tension o f saturated l i q u i d a t the
r e f e r e n c e pressure, Ib f / f t .
SPEC 19 SETUP Alphanumeric v a r i a b l e t h a t names t h e sub-
r o u t i n e i n which a program-detected e r r o r
occurs.
COBRA-IV-I VARIABLES PESCFtI PTT0.i (Continued)
V a r i a b l e (Dimension) Coilldeck Subroutine

--P
Definition
SL SPEC 2 input T r a n j v e r s e c:omentum parametei-. (Group 9 )
SLDT SPEC 2 COBRA SL/C:
SLDT2 SPEC 2 COBRA SL/DT/DT
SLDX SPEC 2 SETUP
SLDXDT SPEC 2 SETUP
SLDXI SPEC 2 SETUP
SLGC SPEC 2 SETUP
SLGDX SPEC 2 SETUP
SLG3X2 SPEC 2 SETUP
SP(I.11 ,HE) SPEC 14 SCHEI4E Cumu:ative i n t e r c h a n n e l pressure d i f f e r e n c e .
SSIGP;k(MP ) SPEC 9 input L i q u i d surfzce tension f o r f l u i c property table,
lbf/ft. (Sroup 1 )
STUbl(l41 ,i:IE) SVEC 3 XSCHEM C a ' l c s l a t i o n t e r z i n XSCHEM.
STI4JI-I1(l.1C) SPEC 16 XSCHElil I n t e r a e d i a i e c a l c u l a t i o n i n XSCE.:I!.
STWJ (l4C ) SPEC 16 XSCHEM I n t e m e d i a t e c a l c u l a t i o n i n XSCEEM.
surt (1.1~) SPEC 16 XSCHEM I n t e m e d i a t e c a l c u l a t i o n a l v a r i e b l e i n XSCHEEI.
SUf.lR (14C ) SPEC 16 XSCHCM Inter-niediate c a l c u l a t l o n a l v a r i a b l e i n XSCHEM.
suklx ( I K ) SPEC 16 XSCHEM 1nte:nedia'ie c a l c u l a t i o n a l v a r i a h l e f n XSCHEM.
SURFH(MC) SPEC 2 HEAT Surisce heat t r z n s f e r c o e f f i c i e n t , ~ t u / s e c - f t ~ - ~ ~ .
T (MC ) SPEC 2 PROP C o o l z n t t e 3 p e r a t u r e based on enthalpy, OF.
TCLAD (14T) SPEC 12 input Cladding t h i c k n e s s , ,ft. (Group 8 )
TDU14Y (10) SPEC 19 RESULT Outptit a r r a y o f r o d temperatures.
TERM1 (IIC ) SPEC 14 DIFFER Tempcrary s t o r a q e o f the p r e s s u r e l o s s c o e f f i c i e n t s
K i n e q u a t i o n (11 ).
. .
SPEC 14 DIFFER Temporary s t o r a q e o f V' ./A./A6 o f e q u a t i o n ( 1 1 ) .
J J
SPEC 19 SETUP Alphenumeric a r r a y ; case t i t l e (case c o n t r o l c a r d )
SPEC 10 PROP S a t u r a t e d i i q u i d temperature a t the r ~ f ~ r ~ n c e
pressure, 'F.
TFLUID SPEC 12 HEAT Averzge t e c p e r a t u r e o f f l u i d sur,rounding rod.
THETA SPEC 2 input O r i e ~ t a t i o no f subchannel, degrezs. (Group 9 )
= G3, v e r t i c a l
THICK SPEC 6 input Dlalceter o f w i r e wrap, ft. (Group, 7 )
TIME(2) SPEC 19 TODS Clock time.
TINLET(MC) SPEC 1 SETUP Subchannel i n l e t c o o l a n t temperature, OF.
T (MC ) SPEC 2 PROP C o o l z n t . t e a p e r a t u r e based on e n t h a l p y , OF.
TMH (MC ) SPEC 2 HEAT C o r r e c t i o n t g coolant t e m p e r a t ~ t r f~n r f l u i d
condtiction heat t r a n s f e r , OF.
TOLDR (\IN ,I.lR) SPEC 12 HEAT , P r e v l ous 5 t e r a t i on r o d temperatures f o r
a x i a l conduction, 'F.
TPOUT (14P) SPEC 9 STEAM Temperature o f superheated steam f o r steam p r o p e r t y
t a b l e , OF.
TREF SPEC 12 input Reference termperature f o r v a r i a b l e conduc-
t i v l r y o f f u e l , OF. (Group 8 )
TRF (MI ,ME) SPEC 4 XSCHEM E q u i v a l e n c e d . t o SP, and c a l c u l a t e d v a r i a b l e
i n XSCHEM
SPEC 5 HEAT Fuel temperature o f r o d N, a t f u e l node M, a t
a x i a l l o c a t i o n J , OF.
TTIME SPEC 19 input T o t a l t r a n s i e n t t i n e , sec. (Group 9 )
COBRA-IV- I VARIABLES EiSC4IPTIGII (Continued)
V a r i a b l e (Dimension) Condeck Subroutine Definition

TT (Id?) S P E ~9 input Temperature f o r f l u i d p r o p e r t i e s t a b l e , OF.
TWALL(f.11 ,ME) SPEC 4 PROP Terigerature o f the w a l l , "F.
TWOLD(M1 ,ME) SPEC 4 COERA TWALL f r c n p r e v i o u s t i n e step, OF.
UB(M1 ,ME) SPEC 3 SCHEME Local v e l o c i t y o f coolant, ft/sec.
UF SPEC 1 0 PROP Saturated l i q u i d v i s c o s i t y a t the reference
pressure, l b / f t - s e c .
SPEC 2 VOID E f f e c t i v e enthalpy transport v s l o c i t y , ft/sec.
sE/pc 9 STEAM V i s c o s i t y o f superheated steaG f o r steam p r o p e r t y
table, lb/ft-sec.
US(M1 ,RE) SPEC 14 DIVERT A x i a l v e l o c i t y t r a n s p o r t ~ dby c r o s s f low through
Gap K, f t / s e c .
USPRbI(I4G) SPEC 17 DIVERT V e c t o r s t o r a g e o f US a r r a y .
USW(fl1 ,XE) SPEC 14 DIVERT u*w o f e q u a t i o n (12).
USI~IPf?H(MG) SPEC 17 V e c t o r s t o r a g e o f USW a r r a y . ,
.
DIVERT
UUF(b1P) SPEC 9 input V i s c o s i t y o f 1i q u i d f o r . f l u i d p r o p e r t y t a b l e ,
lb/ft-hr. (Group 1 )
UWALL(2 ,MW) SPEC 2 DI'FFER Total wall .resistance including surface
c o e f f i c i e n t , 6 t u / s e c - f t 2 - O F . (Group 4 )
2
DIFFER UWALL/heat c a p a c i t y o f c o o l a n t ,. 1b / s e c - f t ..
(Group 4)
3
SPEC 2 PROP L i q u i d s p e c i f i c volume bzsed on enthalpy, f t / l b .
SPEC 10 PROP S a t u r a t e d l i q u i d s p e c i f i c volu3e a t t h e
r e f e r e n c e pressure, f t 3 / 1 b.
V FG SPEC 1 0 PROP D i f f e r e n c e o f - s a t u r a t e d vapor and l i q u i d
s p e c i f i c volut?es a t the F e f e r e n c e p r e s s u r e
(VG-VF), f t 3 / l b.
. VG' SPEC 10 PROP S a t u r a t e d vapor s p e c i f i c volume a t t h e
r e f e r e n c e pressure, f t 3 / l b.
:'
...,.. ..,,,',. VISC(r;lC) SPEC 2 PROP V i s c o s i t y o f t h e c o o l a n t , based on e n t h a l py,
1b/ f t - s e c .
VISCW(MC) SPEC 2 PROP' Wall v i s c o s i t y c o r r e c t i o n t o f r i c t i o n factor;
lb/ft-sec;
VPA(MC) SPEC 2 SCHEME Two-phase s p e c i f i c volume d i v i d e d b y t h e
subchannel area a t t h e p r e v i o u s node, f t / l b .
VP(MC ) SPEC 2 VOID Two-phase s p e c i f i c volume f o r rnom@ntum, f t 3 f l b .
VPOUT(MP ) SPEC 9 STEAM S p e c i f i c volume o f superheated steam f o r Steam
P r o p e r t y Table, f t 3 / l b.
SPEC 9 input S p e c i f i c volune o f 1 i q u i d f o r f l u i d p r o p e r t i e s .
table, f t 3 / l b .
SPEC 9 Input S p e c i f i c volume o f vapor f o r f l u i d p r o p e r t i e s .
table, ft3/lb.
W(M1 ,ME) SPEC 4 DIVERT Crossflow, l b / f t - s e c .
WBAR(MX SPEC 6 DIVERT Average, c r o s s f l o w a t any a x i a l l e v e l , 1b / f t - s e c .
WERRX SPEC 2 input E x t e r n a l c r o s s f l o w convergence c r i t e r i o n f o r
imp1 i . c i t s o l u t i o n . (Group 9)
WERRY SPEC 2 input 1,nternal c r o s s f l o w convergence c r i t e r i o n for.
i m p l l c l t solution. (Group 9 )
COBRA- I V - I VA2IABLES OESCRIPTIOrl (Continued)
V a r i a b l e (Dimension) Corndeck Subroutine Definition

I.rIDTH(i:i!.!) SPEC 2 input U i d t h o f w a l l connection. (Group 4)
!.IOLD(t.:l ,!.lE) SPEC 4 COBRA Crossflow from previous tiin? s t e p , l b / f t - s e c .
WP(14C) SPEC 2 DIFFER Turbulent crossflow, lb/ft-sec.
WPRM(I.IZ ) SPEC 17 DIVERT V e c t o r s t o r a g e of t h e W a r r a y .
X(MX) SPEC 2 SETUP A x i a l d i s t a l i c e from i n l e t , ft.
XCROSS (LlG ,2) SPEC 6 input R e l z t i v e sngle/350O o f wire wrz? gap c r o s s i n g .
XQUGL(MP) SPEC 11 input Tabulated qua1 it y f o r two-phase m i x i n g ,
p a i r e d w i t h BX. (Group 1 0 )
XZERR SPEC 2 input Convergence c r i t e r i o n f o r e x p l i c i t f l o w f i e l d
solution. (Group 9 )
SPEC 2 input Relative a x i a l location f c r a x i a l heat f l u x table.
See AXIAL, (Grcup 3 ) .
SPEC 22 CURVE Independent v a r i a b l e a r r a y i n 6 3 V E .
SPEC 19 input Time a x i s f o r nass v e l o c i t y f o r c i n g f u n c t i o n ,
p a i r ~ dw i rh FG. (Group 11 )
SPEC 19 input Time. a x i s f o r e n t l i a l p y f o r c i n g f u n c t i o n , p a i r e d
w i t h FP. (Group 11 ),
YHX (MP) SPEC 19 input Time a x i s f o r e x i t e n t h a l p y f o r c i n g f u n c t i o n .
(Group 11 )
SPEC 19 input Time a x i s f o r pressure f o r c i n g f u n c t i o n p a i r e d
w i t h FP. (Group 11)
SPEC 19 input" . Time a x i s f o r power f o r c i n g f u n c t i o n , p a i r e d w i t h
FQ. (Group 11 )
SPEC 19 input Time a x i s f o r changing maximum t i m e s t e p f u n c t i o n ,
p a i r e d w i t h FT. (Group 9 ) ,
YZERR SPEC 2 input convergence c r i t e r i o n f o r e x p 1 . i ~i t energy solution.
(Group 9 )
z SPEC 2 input Total a x i z l length, i n . (Group 9)
ZEND(MT,IIY) SPEC 12 input A x i a l l o c a t i o n o f end o f a f u e l zone. (Group 8 )
PPT (4 ) SPEC 19 input i4inirnum p l o t c o o r d i n a t e s f o r t h e f o u r types o f
p l o t s , p a i r e d w i t h HIP(4). (Group 12)
. .
APPENDIX G
. . SAMPLE PROBLEMS
7-PIN WIRE-WRAPPED BUNDLE

To i l l u s t r a t e the use of GEOM and t o provide a benchmark f o r the
forced flow mixing problem, a 7-pin wire-wrapped problem i s included. The
geometry i s shown i n Figure G-1. This 7-pin bundle has 0.23-inch diameter
fuel p i n s on a 0.286-inch pitch (0.056-inch gap spacing). The wire wraps
a r e assumed t o s t a r t a t the top and move clockwise w i t h one rotation every
12 inches. The bundle i s 36 inches long t o allow flow though three pitch
lengths. Uniform r dial and axial power i s assumed with a heat flux of
0.5 x 106 B t u / h r ft'. The i n l e t temperature i s 800°F and the mass flux
i s 3.0 x 106 I b / h r f t 2 .
FIGURE G-1. Subchannel Layout and Wire Wrap Positions Looking

in the Direction of Flow a t the I n l e t
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. O A T & F O H t r Y L r ~ I lS O L U T ~ O N
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U h I F f i a ~ I N L E T TEhPEEAlIJRi .
IJKJFL'kM XIVLET M A S 3 WELOCIlV
7 - P I N WIRE-WRAPPED BUNDLE SAMPLE PROBLEM RESULTS (Cont inued)
C*bVhEL €&IT SV*aPAHv H E S U L T 3

C46k - 1 I
RASS H A L A W E
Mb93 FLCh I L
- v = P I H n l S E HAP s a r e ~e ~a u e ~ ~ v
,lU905E408 bH/6EC
P A S 2 FLD* CLT .lu905L t o 8 LB/SkC
rbas FLcw EwwuW m p 2 P 7 J d E e 1 0 LR/GCC
tCUBL
olrab 1 T V
O,(rO6
GaUOO
OrOOO
(0,000
OeOOO
0 e 0 0 i)
oso00
C a OOiJ
0 ~ 0 0 0
OaOOO
U,OOO
6 ~ U O O
051.51' a L r ~ ' 9 i f4?0hls I-'~I)o~o @*Of
9SLSt8 ' 1601"!1 bb"OIS 6ZOC0 OeSF
QSIS?e 1119'90 ILOLOS iinl)v" Oenl
QSLS?' SSh7'90 OhmhOS SLlbO aeE6
'J:LS2° nb19@ut a l 0 l o ~ zbOz0 I 0 O ?l
9SLSP' k$Ris91 Ob"6bh 01S5'1 o 0tr
951St' RSSS'Q~ E9'0bfI oZ.Eho % 0 0.5
QSLSt?' SS?5'90 SF.'? b n .@Enlmt OOb?
o;15t0 Lhhhe9! 0O0wC)h 25nnot OORZ!
QGLS?' 1 7 v n m ~ 1 Obshdh hYSLm2 l"1.7
9SLS?' !rCbm9t CSe90~ 2 8 5 ~h U0S?
,PSlc;?' rF?k'Qt 9Z0w~n OeQhes 0 O 57
o;l.sts 9S~C'91 ae'b~ti t l ~ g ~ h OOR?
Q;LC,t?* ZRkC'91 IL'IL~ lZbooh 1)'fi'
QGLG?' OSl~'Q1 )rv"t~~v 3562'~ n
Oil.S?' saPtfQ1 9 1 '5011 ~ 9 b ~ 0 n U"I?
JSlcl?' , 5bSF'QO b0OfPV alob"n 0°1;7
95LST' O1fEm'JI tPOtiSh' bnli.'es tObt
Qs/.5?s bf.0t090 S t OSSn 1115°S b06t
0 5 1 SF' ~SL0'90 ~Om?s0 bOf d e s UOLL
75LSZ' bSh!OP! ~ ~ ' ~ I I ~ lVn F I D o C03t cn
3il.'i?' ~SO1'91 f ~ ' 5 b n ~ L ~ O O Y OOSl 0
0
05/.SP0 kLROOQ! veeirnr, D>SL*J (! n 1
OiLqt?' 9653O91 ab'bS4 9 C ~ i ~ ~ l cer\
9 ; l G?' 9?fdm91 lL'Stf9 Z*Cf ' 1 ? ~ ? l
Q;1.Grm hS00'91 nnm?<v .at&3'1 G'lt
Q;lc;Fr hHLbmS! olebZn LC*O.L . L'*r:1
94152' ?1Sbm6l hho<-?n EQbZee (! * b
9;Lsi" ?h?b'St ?9'?Zn Ibbi'4 u'd
~5/.5?' 0Lb~'S1 nZ"bln 9Slb0c t oL
9il'it' tola-st L O ' O I ~ b~17'b 3'u
OsLq?' tFh?'SI !tb*t?IV (;1\5@b T'S
191J'SO ZS'bdn b4b d e b (8 t
*;l=#?@
Q~Ls?' I LRL'SO S?'ctOb 8:-51'71 U'F.
9SLSZ' Z?01'51 ~h*?Ofl ~ J L S l ~ ~ W 5'2
QSLS?' tSfl'S1 Olebbf b21Lei;1 0'1
OSLS?' raoLmso ;:.*;LC ~Lb3'Il 0'5
(ur-069 (93611.4) ( ~ ~ I Q I H )( 1 ~ ('li1)
V3bV Al13313h AdJVM&Nq ,d*B173iJ 33\01615
7 - P I N WE2E-WRAPPED BUNDLESAMPLE PROBLEM RESULTS (Continued)
CHANIiEL . ~ ~ E s ~ ~ T s
CASE 'I' frP1N N I S E * H A P ~ A ~ P LP AEW L E Y OPTE OUIZII~~ o ttnk i~,uu,ii I
DATA Fflw CHANNEL 1

OISTAP*CE TE~PEHATURE DENSITY ECUIL, VCIO
(Ik,) (IlCG-F) tLH/Cb-f 1 1 JUALlTV CfiAClTflN
0a0 R00,CO 53#f!5 n,ooo o,ooo
' 1,n 813.47 52,94 VeOOO Om000
Car) AZhaXP . SLaF3 O~#OOO oaooo
3.0 641m13 fi2.71 O#OOO 0.000
u. 0 bSU,Oj SLabO 0,000 O#OOO
S#0 865,2 1 S2m51 OmOC1O Om000
ha0 57Oabl SZmd3 . 0 , 0 0 0 Or000
7a 0 8i14abH 42134 OaOO1) Om000
8.0 6 9 2 $5 52aLH OaO0O OaOOO
9.0 90lm07 52 a 2 1 0,300 Om000
1nmo VlUm(i7 SZa 1 0 0,000 OaOOO
11aO 927a70 f 1.99 0,000 O#OOO
12.0 9 4 1a53 5 1 ,A8 0,000 Om000
13.0 953,Zl Slat9 Om000 OaOOO
Jb5;,9J 5 1 168 0 a 003 Om000
919,$9 5 1 155 Oo300 01000
9901C7 SIaUb Oa03O 0,000
101)Oai5 51a38 . O a O O O Om000
LOCbahb 5 1 , Ji? OaOUO Om000
1017,76 51oi'S OaOOU Om000 .
I O Z u ,Sb 51019 0,000 0,000
1032~75 51011 OaOOO Om000
.lOkSabl !ila00 0,000 OaOOO
.105qaL.8 50.90 3,000 01000
. 10'?2,7b 50.79 0,000 Or000
2'084. 314 SOm70 0,000 0,000
rou?,c.o 51j.58 0,001) 0aOOO
1 1 10.59 SOe4h 0,DUO 08000 '
1121,79 50.36 - 3,006 Om000
1131~64 Sum29 1,000 O#OOO
1139,C.l SOat?3 9a30U Om000 .
1lUf3,7R 50115 QanOQ OaOOO
SISS,?~ SO# 0 9 i)#OdO 0,000
ElbS.H7 SOaOE OaO0O OaOOO
117ba75 49,'iO 0,000 oaoilo
$190,zl 49,80 BmOOO OaOOO
lLU2,'i9 49,70 0,060 O#OOO
...., :.: 1
.
7 - P I N W IRE-WRAPPED 'BUNDLE SAMPLE PROBLEM RESULTS (Continued)

I
cnrcehEL ~ I F . , ~ ~ I L Y ~
CASE I' 7mPrb WRAP ~ A P P L LPFUILEP
EGUILe VCID
Q U ~ L ~ T BYR A C l l O N
OaOOO 0,000
O8l)0O 0,000
0,ooo 0,000
6,000 0,000
OSOOO 0,000
0 a 000 0;OOO
0,000 0,000
OaOOO oaooo
0,UOO oaooo
0,000 Oa00O
0~000 0 a 000
0,000 OaOOO
Osir0O 0,000
0;ooo osooo
OIO0U 0,000
Oefi00 OeOUO
OsOO0 0,000
0,000 Us000
oa000 00000
,
1) 1) 0 0 Oe01Q
0. UOO 00000
oa0ou 0,000
00000 OaOOO
0.000 oaooo
0,000 0,000
os000 OeOOO
o,aoo oeouo
OaOOO. 0~000
0.000 01000
0.000 0,000
OeOOO 0.000
00000 OIOOO
o,oo(! 00000
osooo OIOOO
osoou 0 I 000
oaoou 00000
0,000 OeOOO
D BUNDLE SAMPLE PROBLEM RESULTS ( C o n t i n ~ e d l
ULlE 0 2 1 7 6 OTlfiE.' 1iL44011 1

D A T A FOR CFhhNEL la
LCUIL. VCID ?LON ~ P S SF L L ~
otrrt,Itv FRACTION CL~)/.SEC) ( * L B / ~ ~ ~ F T ? )
OoOOO 0~000 1520 30~OO0
O;(rO0 OoOOO (1.521 3~oOOUl
0,000 0,000 ;158l 4.6521
OoOOO 0~000 ' ,It14 2,9477
00000 OoOOO ,1769 2093PU
O,OOO
OOUOO
O.OOO
OooOo ,, yLeBab?Q 3 s ~ 5 ~ 3
3.bUlZ
Om000
OoUO(I
OoOOO
0.000
ooooo
OoOOO
ODOOO
0.000
00000
ooooo
.
0
o
1959
1903
I bSS
01Tlu
, la30
I.riij9O
3mlb17
3,0819
1,092U
2,9403
,00300 00000 o 1471 2,9137
1)001)0 0.000 e lubd 2.6966
OoOOO 0,000 ,1552 2.79@8
0,OO~ 00000 ? IbD9 2.9622
00000 00000 01352 2, 6 7 8 1
Don00 00000 0 1299 209699
30093 OOOUO 1,!ic ( 4 J.(rlUJ
lo000 0,000 l1 8 IS lmO12b
,30000 - 00000 ll a b 2 3.09111
Ooi)OU Oo0i)0 .la21 3,0263
OoOOq OoOOO o 1492 3?~519
Om000 00000 ' olblb 2o91bir
OOOOO 00000 01471 il09UlO
0.00~ ooooo i0 6 8 2069b7
OmOOO Om000 s 155.4 2o8U21
0#000 00000 r1blZ 209080
0 ; 000 00000 (1136 i!m86Ud
L,~)OU ooooo ,~ecu 2.4970
C8000 OoOOO 1 . 3.UL87
O o ~ ~ O O OoOOO ole26 3o11317
OoOOO 0,000 o 1879 So0i!27
Om000 OoOOO 0 184,l 3 o 3591
00000 01000 ? l r \ l 3 3668
Oo00O Go000 o 1672 3ai)lbJ
OmOOO OoOOO ,lb'Jl 2o9600
. > a r
7 - P I N WIRE-WRAPPED BUNDLE SAMPLE PROBLEM RESULTS (Continued)
7 - P I N W IRE-WRAPPED BUNDLE SAMPLE PROBLEM RESULTS (Continued )
C( 5 1 ( 6, 1 2 ) * ( 7, 8)
*,OOObl -,0090E ,0 1277
' 0m21107 r0147b4 3 Z 4 5 &,2
ma21397 ~059Fi1 1 13 2 7 1
-.44i7l -,zos~~ ,19355
- , ~ ~ o J z -,20t102 . ,19216
r13Q2d ' rr4h75b a18199
#Oh219 wp3SHU1 ,1 5 1 9 2
rZ15S3 m12929 $52825
~ Z l t ~ l Z o 05230 ,43432
m19H'JQ m l 1.02789
r 17bOQ
D 12700
a 12ubC
.
a 2 1 3'46
lub5;3
D 17530
~7961t1
i;ssrqa
~bi)'lU?
-,i!OOhd e 12795 ~51386
r.dCfJ63 r l23i(b 037580
0m4751J -0231Jb , 19tU2.
-~3bl)& m~2Ob?O ,1027F
,13U3b ma07638 s lb9OC
.
.m05729
21552
,i?1 b 6 5
0,36277
alL61u
e05S74
s 13Hlll
05i!i)$7 .
,11271 1
c'?OObU m21557 BeOlb2l
o 17711 021762 ' e78019
r 12997 eZli29U 0qu'39! .
m 12524 ,17990 ,bdULL
-,2olSU elZd'i9 057 187
*e2G472 9 12414 i31413
mr~75S7 ae20051 6 19060
ofi36141 -eZ04149 ,19113
a13059 -rU7&21 e.14986
,0 5 5 7 8 e m55931 .;I l d 6 4
,2 1Qh9 r 13179 ,.s 18 3 b
,21&27 ,05817 i42UbU
,19358 eEl3I1 l;?l049
r 15 8 8 2 aZ1UUI 6.760'15
,133al 1726Q i40920
THERMAL MODELING
Since thermal modeling c a p a b i l i t i e s have been increased s u b s t a n t i a l l y

a over COBRA-IIIC, a separate sample problem i s necessary. This problem i s
intended t o i l l u s t r a t e the f o l l o w i n g features o f the COBRA-IV thermal model:
a x i a l conduction i n both the coolant and f u e l ;

conducting wall model;
a x i a l l y heterogeneous f u e l types, i n c l u d i n g a "blank" zone;
use o f the steady-state equal pressure drop model.
The geometry shown i n Figure G-2 consists o f a three-rod configuration

immersed i n flowing l i q u i d sodium surrounded by a thermally conducting can.
The can i s cooled by an outer annular region o f l i q u i d sodium. Each rod
consists of a c e n t r a l U02 fuel zone w i t h a s t a i n l e s s s t e e l zone on each end.
The l a s t 10 inches of the model i s a "blank" zone, f r e e o f rod material.
A f t e r the steady s t a t e i s calculated, the model i s subjected t o a

s h o r t t r a n s i e n t which represents an immediate power shutoff, f o l 1owed
1/2 second l a t e r by a l i n e a r pressure drop decay t o zero assembly Ap a t
1-1/2 seconds. The steady s t a t e i s calculated w i t h the new option t o
specify the pressure drop, and the t r a n s i e n t i s computed w i t h a pressure
drop boundary condition.
ROD AND CHANNEL LAYOUT
a ROD D n A I L 4082STEELCLAD
0.836 DIAMETER U02 FUEL
GAP COND = 1000 Btulhr-ft2
7 0125 STEEL CLADDING
GAP COND -500 Btulhr-ft2
STEEL
FIGURE 6-2. Geometry of Thermal Model Sample Problem

. . .THERMAL MODEL SAMPLE PROBLEM INPUT
. .
THERMAL MODEL SAMPLE PROBLEM INPUT (Continued)
1472, -,5299-3 aZ330E~b-a2ib9fi-l~

a
,lob7 Zabhh7 1.7917 2 11 3
9 0 2 0 , 1
06a ta ;5 129 0. Oa
2u uoo
ad ,01
THERMAL MODEL SAMPLE PROBLEM RESULTS
IYPIJT F[?G C A S E 1 FUEL T H E P A L nouEL T E S T OAT^ ou/zi/~b o TIHE la,za,ou 1

TFERMAL MODEL SAMPLE PROBLEM RESULTS (Conti nued 1
SUIjCHPkoEL IKPUT DATA

CnA'J&\;tL TYPE AHEP kE7TEO
1*0, (SU-IN) PEPIk,
m (IN)
I 1 1 a9U3700 .Ia57t0~O0
0" 3
1
1
2;590000
2,594000
b,545000
bm~J5000
4 1 i ? 0 5 9 ~ 0 0 0 b,S~~SOOO
5 1 i?m3SbttU0 P , 4 ? 5 0 0 0
h 1 2,156000 9,4.25000
7 1 i?,35bOOO P,U15000
THERMAL MODEL SAMPLE PROBLEM RESULTS (Continued)
3PACEH O A T A
$PbC€:h TYPE .KC, ! 2 3
LCCAfIbfi (x:/Ll ? 0- 1 3 ,729 ?013
SPACEY T Y P E 1
C W A ~ I ? E LD Q G CHANNEL DRAG CHANNEL O R b G C H A L b C & b8AG
Ni!, CCEFF, hoe , C C E F F I hO, CCEFF, NCg COEFP,
1 ,500 i! ,750' 3' ,750. '4 mT?o
5 2,000 b ZmCi3 7 2,009
SPACFH TYPE a
C h A h l h t L 0466 CHANNEL DYAG CHANNEL DRAG CHbhkEL DRAG
NO, CCEFFB NOd CcEFF8 kO! COLFF, COkFF,
t)
1 ,500 2. ,750 3 1750 . 4 8 150
I 5 Oe3O0 Q 0,006 7 OeOOO
N
d
S P A C F R TVPk 5
C*4AlhtL C d L C Ch4lVhEl. O k A G CHAhNtL 0HbG CRAhhtL DRAG
Vll, CCPFFc NO, CteFFa hue C(ltFFP NCe . COEPf
I o 600 a o,oao 3 O ~ O O O Y 0~000"
S lo800 b 1 ,000 7 leOOO
ROD f k P U 1 DATA
AOn TYPE O l A ~ A D I A L P O ~ E R S H A C T I C ~ UCP POWER 10 4 c J A C E h I C B A N ~ E C S (ADJ, CHAhhEL h0,B
NO, NCI, ( 1 FACTCR
a I f,OCOO 1,5000 ,bbb76 1 ) ,4166( ,41b7(
8 3 ) 4 ) a o e 0 0 0 0 ( - 0 ) m0,0000( -0) e080000( -0)
z i loorno isoooo ,!bb7( 1) ,41b1( a) 6 6 4 1 -0,ooooc -01 ~ o , o o o o ~m o ) Q O , O O O Q (- 0 1
3 1 1,0an0 ,500~ ,9bb7$ 0) ,4gbb9 ,2) ,Ql67( 3 ) mO,OOOO( r O ) -0,00000 -0) ~ O d O O O O- ~0 )
T H E R r A L P R O P E Q T I E S OF FUEL M A T E R I A & i! ORGEH OF COLLUCbTlOh

FUEL P R G P E R T I E S CbAG PHOPEfiT I E S
TYPE cO~D, 8 p 8 HEAT O E ~ S ~ T VO X A ~ o C ~ D ~ 3Po bEAT GENSITY THICk, GAP C 6 N C e
( ~ / H H - F T * F ) [B/LHmFl (LB/F?3) ( I p J r ) ( e / h G m f T r F l (B/LBmP) (LB/FT31 (INe) (B/BReFTZmF)
I !a 9 6 eOh7O llS2oO e8360 B2oOO ,9220 489.0 ,0820 %OOU,OO
2 bZaGa a A220 48910 ;83bO 82!00 a l2ZO 08900 ,UdaO 90C000
3 OoOO "OaOOOO *Oa0 OeGCOO 0800 =OB0009 uOeO O,OOOO 0000
Y041JKIFCRl' FL;EL 1bEWFAL C04DbCTIV11V (FUEL l l P E 1)

q t r e f e t . c e IFPP, IB~Z.O(F)/ N / H O e 1, -,S~PPOB-OJ*(I-IO)+ + ,Z~~BUE-OO*(T-TU)**~ t -,z~~~u~-~o*(TwTo)*P)
L ~ P L I C I T S C L L T I C h * I T H PRE8SbRL DRGP S P t C I F I E C
RL h \ I h G 3 T A a l =QC.M 1 " v L l C l E S t L U T f O h
CFA*htL LEh61k . VbmOOOG I h C t L S

h U r f E i d CF A x l A L U O k S 20
A X I L L W O E LEhGTb 2,UOUO I h C r t S
1 ~ 1 P4 R~ L ~ S I ~ T~I VT ~ 1.GOUO SECLh08
h U r B t R GF T I * € S T E W boo
h C r t h A C T I r C 8TEk eUOZS skCCbU8
OLTA F C Q I ~ P L l C I f:3OLUTICk
E X l E G v b L I T ~ Q P T ' I C * IL I P I T 20
I ~ I E ~ ~ ~ A I I. T F ~ A I ' I C ~ t . 1 ~ 1 ~ 20
C " Y ~ ~ C E . \ I . E FnC'rKQ?
~ X T ~ R ~(nwlr) A L , 1000
1hTtkhbL ( G I / * ) ,0010
G) FLC* (OF/?) ,FlOO
I
N
N 0 4 1 4 + U R EXPLICIT SULUIIC*
' 1 4 r r lNl,r 1 1 , 9~1 1 ~ ~ .UlUO 6ECONDa ACCELEQAllCh P A C l L 6 1,0000
COURAkT h U b 3 E Q ,4306 PW'ACTIOh OF LAST C ~ r k t i t -0,OOUO
X T E U A T X V ~c t v ~ c m r c ep u T o n a IIEW4TICS L I k l T S
VCLUPE t c a l n I O V / V ) ,0100 PRESSLkt l l E . k I T l O h 30
Ehlt!Al.Pv EiWUY (13Mm) .0001 Eh'EHGV t U u A ' 1 L h 20
rc(rI\l; C C a d t ; ~ l i c k 3
.pb.iCr.l.lED ~ l X I f . C , tit'TA 8 ,0200
b C I L 1 4 G P I U f h C , UCTA I d A S S ~ W L O$AWE AS S'JRCOCLEC
C C ~ O ~ C l l l irhl l l h t , G E C * C l R i FACICR 8 ,5020
C P E R A l l \ G CC41:1TIChY
3VSTE- P E t 3 9 i r f i E o 15.0 P S ~ A
INLLT Ehl*ALPV 8 1230.0 H l l l / L 4
AVG. * ~ S S r E ~ r c l T Yo ,010 MILLIO~ L B / ( n Q - S C ? l )
I~~.F.T T Z ~ P E & A T & ~I! € 0 . 0 DEGWtES C
AVG, t-EbT FLUX 8 ,120030 h I L L l O b 01U/(Hfi-30FT)
EXIT € h l r b L p v 91b.0 8 1 U I L 4
1 4 D I b I D L A L SLlCbbhhCL 1 E Y P E ~ A I U R ESPECIFIED (ChANhELmlEPPERlT~~E)
f I -lloo,a) ( a -iioo,o) ( 3 -1100.0) ( u -tioo,o) ( 9 -1o00,o) ( b -1000,o) ( 7 mtooo,o?
FLfl-S S @ L I l F C Q E i U A L FdES3kRt GRADIthT fCubhhEC-FLCb)
. THERMAL MODEL SAMPLE PROBLEM RESULTS (Continued)
b;hL 1 i.b
FACTCH
. -
t ,0000
1 gOOOU '
0.0000
F u ~ c T I t l iF:R HEAT FLUX
H E 4 1 FLUK
PACTCH
1.0000
6,0090
0,0000
H A X I P L M EHROR
INTEfihAL EXTERNAL
i
UAlf OY/2I/Tb 0 lIHt 0 1
C H A ~ ~ , ' ;E~ XL I T SlJt't'ARV AE3bCIS

CASE I FUEL. T ~ f r r rY~O D E L TE91
E N E l i l i Y EdLAkCk .m
P L C N ENERGY I N ,l O S 4 5 E t O 5 BTU;~~C
E N E R G Y ADDED , I J B O b E + O 3 BTU/SEC
FLOW EbiERGY CUT ,10597€+0'5 BTbf 8EC
f NEfiGY ERRPA m.85668E602 BTU/StC
EGUIL. VGIO
QUALXTY F c n C t t O ~
0.000 0,000
0,000 0.000
Or000 0,000
OIOOO OqOOO
0,600 0.000
OSGOU 0.000
O'eOOO Om000
01000 08000
0,000 0.000
OrGO0 OaOOO
01000 0.000
08300 00000
O,OO(r OIOOO
o0ooo 0.000
08000 OaOOO
Oe0,00 Om000
OmOOO OeOOO
0,000 0.000
0.000 0,000
06QO(' 0mOOC
0.000 0.000
GaOOO 01000
OeOOO 0,000
0.000 0.000
0.000 00000
, .
TIME .,
0,OOono SECOkD9 PAL:SSlrGE R
TE-PERATURE
15,'0 PSIA
DENSITY ECUIL, VOID FLOW b r a 8 FLUB UELCCIT!

IuEC-F) [LB/CU-FT) QUALITY FfiACtION (l.B/3EC1 (MLBIHH.F T I ? ) (FTlSEC)
1100,OO 50856 0,000 Om000 1 ,IBZU ,9b51 5,1028
1~9C,(i? 50aSO o ~ O O U 0,000 1,7313 ,9930 S,U559 '
1099.93 50,Sb o,ooo o,ooo i, t e i i ! ,9968 5rUb78
1099,CB 5OaSb 0,OOO 0,000 1.7uu7 ;, 0 0 0 9 Sauq90
in?9,t.z so,56 OaOOU 0,000 1,7472 ;, 0 0 2 3 5a5Ohb
1 1 0 ~ ~ 5 3 50.55 OaOOO 01000 1,7493 1,0035 5r51uZ
1lolaab 50e5U 0.000. 0.000 1,7515 :I a 0 ~ U 7 5,5217
llO2,bl 50.53 0,000 0,000 ,
1 7535 1,0059 5,5294
110Sa98 50e52 0,000 0.000 1s 1 5 S b 1,0071 5a5372
1105.~2 50.51 01000 0,000 1,1576 L eOOAJ 5b5US1
IlOh,L;E 50,SO 0,000 0,COO 1.7597 L aOO9U 5,5530
1108.18 SO.4L) 0,000 0,000 le,7b!8 baO1Ob 5.5608
llO9a5o 50047 0,000 OboOO 1 ,,7b38 1.0118 5,5687
1 1 l@,r?.f SOaQb Or000 0,000 lm7bS9 la0130 5a57bU
lllllF?b SO, 45 0,000 O,ObO 1.7bBO 1,0142 5.5MUO
1tl2eltJ 90.45 0.000 0,000 1 ,P103 La0155 5.5917
11 12.53 50a44 Om000 01000 1.T733 is0172 $,to14
1112e11 50145 OcOOU 0,OUO 1a 7 8 0 3 0,0213 Sab233
llllnb3 50 a 45 0,000 0,000 1.e111 IaO3Hq 5,1199
lIlloi15 SOn4b OI~OO 0.000 1.8db5 O a 009H 5,5591
11!6m17 53.47 O,~UU 0,6UO ZaJ657 .83iiS 4,5944
110qat7 '53047 Om000 01000 2a iZ25 8 14 , 4.68bL
1109.25 .50aU7 be000 OaCOO 2 4 1321 ,8555 U.708U
Ii o ~ , t i a 501U8 01000 Om000 21 1364 e8S70 417lbZ
llOfla53 30.48 O,OOO 0,000 2,1388 ,8SLlil 4,7212
C d P t i h E C fiESUL.19
C A.SE 1 FUEL THE MA^ hOOEL TksT
IIilE = UoOOOOO 'SECOhrDS PRESSURE; 0 15.0 PIIA
TEMPERATURL DENSITY EGUILe kOIO

(DEC-F) (LB/CU-FT) UUALITY FHACTION
11UO0@0 55050 0 OoGCi
1099075 50056 0.000 00000
lO‘J9oSl Sob56 O.CO0 oeooo
1099027 50056 OoOU0 0ooi)o
LdJ99oU4 50056 0.000 00000
1090b22 50,Sb 08000 01000
10'?'i054 5OoSh oeooo 00000
lI0G8bO 50.56 08000 0.000
l1O~obl 50.55 OeO0O 00000
1101~29 5005Q 08000 08000
1101aQQ 50 a 5 4 O8O0O 08000
llOLo70 SO 0 5 3 00000 00000
1 ld3.bZ 50053 OeOOO 08000
lIOooF8 50, 5 2 o100o 08000
1 l Ohoh2 50051 0.000 01000
1105rL.4 50051 08000 OeOOO
1105oSL 50,SI 0a000 Or000
1105020 50051 08000 oeooo
1105aC7 50851 00000 OeOOO
ll(ill89b 50051 Oa(lOO CeOOO
1 iou.ro SOSSI 08000 00000
1 90ubk2 f005! 0,000 0.000
120La74 50051 oeoou oouoo
11U~o~5 SOa51 00000 oeooo
I 1 J'Jo55 50852 08001) 00000
EGLIILD VOID PLOW

auPL I T r FEACTfUN (LB/8EC)
O,?OU 0.600 E,II875
0.000 0.000 2,3075
oeooo 0 a 000 2.3875
OaOOO oaooo 2,3M750
oaooo ,o,ooo 2 a 3875.
0.000
uaooo
OaUOO
.
.
o.ooa
0 000
OaOOQ
za3n75
Zola75
2a3d75
0 a 006 oaooo 2 8 3874
oaooo OaOOC ZaJ872
oaooo oaooo 2,3d75
4.000 oaooo Za 3875
0,000 OaO(r0 2,3875
oaoOo oaooo 2ald75
0.600 oaooo Ea3d7S
0a000 O*O(rO 2,3875
0.000 OaOOO 203L17@
0.000 oaooo 2.3H74
~ ~ 0 0 0o a o o o Z. 3074
oa0o0 oaooo Za3e7u
O,\?CO OeO3C a,~erco
0.000 0.00'0 2.3674
0.001) OaOOG 2.387U
O@OOO OeOOO a,jetu
oaooo OaGoo aaia7u
CHANNEL 3
.45
I *I ** I* *I *I * I
*+t+++t+++++t+t+++t
~t+++*tt+t+++++++++
*+tt++t+t+++t+t+t*t
*+ttt+t++t+tt+++t++
I+ttt++++tt++ttt+tt
*+t+tt+tt*+tt+++t+t
*+tttttttt+t++++tt+
*tttttttt*tttt+tt+t
*+ttt++t++ttt+ttt++
*+tttttt+t++ttttt++
*tttttttt++tt+tt++t
Ittt+tttttt+++ttt+tt
*t++t++~t++tt+ttt+t+
*+tttt+ttttttttttttt
*+ttttt+t++ttttt+ttt
*+t++ttt+++tt+ttt+tt
~+tt+tt+tt+t+t+++tt+
It*ttttt+++*ttt+t+t+
*+tttttttttt++tttt++
*t+tt++++t+tt+ttt+tt
a++t+++~+t+rttt**~t*
~t+t+tt+ttttttttttt+
*tt+ttttt+++t+t+tt++
Itt+tttt+tttt+ttt+t+
*+4tt+ttt+++++t+++t*
I * I I L L b I* I* **
. .
EhTHALJY (ThOUSAND B l L / L 0 ) AND V O I O ' ( T E h T h Y ) '

THERMAL MODEL SAMPLE PROBLEM RESULTS (continued)
1 IJ'E COURANT V e ~ ~ j E I l CYC M P G N E h T S .

STtP NUM0EH b/DX v/o.v. tu/cxtv?oY.l
THERMAL MODEL SAMPLE PROBLEM RESULTS (Conti r ued )
Cb!Ah!+.EL hE8lrLTg
C a SF, I FUEL TMEMAL wUGEL T E S T
. .
TICF a ,ZiI00(1 SECChD5 PPkS8LRE 8 15.0 PSI? O?Th FOR CHAhNEL 1
ECUILo
QlrbLITY
s.co0
0,000
PbOO!,
0,000
00000
0,000
O*OOO
00000
0,000
0,ooo
~ ~ 0 0 0
oo500
0.603
0,000
0*000
00000
0,000
0;ooo
30000
rJ.001)
3.0PO
OI000
poooo
Oo0OY
0,000
THERMAL MODEL SAMPLE PROBLEM RESULTS (Continued )
CHA'4kEL HE3l!L13
CIA? 1 FIJEL T H E V P L MODEL TEST
rl:'E , ~ V U O O SEtUN09 PAESEkRk a 19.0 PaIA DATA F O R CHANNEL 2
ENTHALPY T E ~ ' P E H A T V R E ~ D E N S ~ T Y EGUIL. VC10 PLOU

(HTUILtO (OEG-F ) (Le/CU-fl) o u l ~ l l T~k A C T I O N (LkJ/SECl
4A&,SS :lOC,OC f0.5h 0,600 0,400 Ueu@22
Ut!b,Rl 10Q'il7b 90e56 0,000 0,000 44,5937
486.74 li)F9,52 50,Sh u,OOO 0,000 U , 380 1
486,bl 1099,28 50,Sb 0,000 01000 4,3618
Ut?b,hO 10UV,04 5Oe5b i),OOO 0,000 Ue3U0i! .
4R4,ob 1099~21 50,5b 4.000 0,000 Ue3l71
48b,77 lilY9,bf 50,Sb 0,000 0,000 4,2944
486,92 110t,.15 50r55 0,000 0,000 4,2736
lJ8To12 110C~eC2 5Cfie55 OeO0O OeOOO' 4,ZSSM
ue7.3~ 1101- 5 8 50.54 o,noo o,ooo 4,2409
re.7.59 1102,3b 56eS4 0,000 OeOOO U 2202
0A7,BZ 11U301S 50653 U,,00U OeOOO 4,2204
re4.07 1 103197 50052 6,000 OeOOO 9,2145
UAA, 2 9 110~872 SOeSl o,COO 0,000 4,2113
Ui3Je08 lliJ5,34 SCsS1 0,003 OeOOO Ue2lOI
U9heh.2 I105eb2 5005.0 0,300 Oe340 4e210Z
UH8,73 11dh.lh 5 ~ ~ ~ 0.000 0 , 0,000 4,2108
URBe70 11Ube06 50.50 0.000 01000 48210S
c(RtI,hb 1 1050t1U 50.50 0,000 0eO00 4,200Z
.bPH,hi! 1!05,hO :cis? P.C!~'J OaCEt 'L,!?ll
080e54 1105.53 90.51 OsOOO OeOOO 481441
U68,Ub 11U5020 40eSI OoOOO 0i000 481193
UA9e38 1 lOSeC2 50e51 OeUOO CsOOO 4 0 1J70
uAHe32 1 IQb.t.0 50051 0,000 OaOOO 4-0 1 3 5 9
UHY 2 t 11uu.hl 5OsS1 OaDOO 9,000 ~ , l 3 l d
THERMAL MODEL SAMPLE PROBLEM RESULTS (Con 4 i nued )
r1-e 2 ,2nnoo SECO~OS p f i ~ s u ~ E, ~ ~1s.0 PSIA ' D A T A FOR CHLNNEL
VOID cLC* MASS FLCX ~ ~ L C C I T Y

FfiAC1 I O N (LBI1EC)- (ELM/HN-F12) (PT/SkC)
oa0oo 2.3159 e5bYb La754b
0.000 Es3C4U a5070 2.7406
0.000 2,2f.80 .9036 , iia?229
oeooo a,ai.ar . .SOOU 2.7034
oeooo 2a25bO eUPb4 2.6840
0 a 000 2azQlO mu931 Labbbl(
0 a 000 i?a.?2M4 ,UYU3 Zab51b
oaooo 2e21H5 ,UPBl 2eb4UO
0.000 Z e . L I 14 4Hbb 2,bJlI
oao00 z oat^ a~ess Labi'bi!
oeooo 2.2037 e UY 49 ZebLJO
0 a 000 2eZOZZ 046U5 2eh213
0.000~ ZaZ014 ~4t)UU LebZOb
0.000 2sZJlO aUby3 2a.6203
0*000 ~.aooe ,4l402 2 . 6 ~ ~ 2
OeUOO 2a~9oS a48U2 t?ebdOl
OeOiJO 2aZIOZ #4i141 ?a0199
o.oa0 2,1999 ;4nu0 dsblC7
OeOGO 2 0 1'994 . ,llb39 - t?ebAPJ'
11 s 0 0 0 201989 .Ub3& gebl&i'4
08030. i.1978 ,ue3t il.b17d
0.000 211974. a4b35 2q617!i
08000 La1374 a4855 286177
OoOOO 2e1973 eUd15 ZshlMU
0.000 2, b 9 7 0 .4630 20blH3
CASE 1 FUEL T k E M I L NOGEL I C Y 7 QATE 09/21/76 0 Tlfit IZp2del4 1
11" ,20000 8ECflkDS

THERMAL MODEL SAMPLE PROBLEM RESULTS ( C o n t i nued)
-
cast: 1 FLIEL Q H L M ~ LP - ~ O ~1 L~ 3 1 DAlt ,04/21/7b 0 TIM5 lZa,ZUrlU 1
1 1 " ~a ' # 2 3 0 u n SECC;DS TEPPERATURE D A T A F O R HCO 1 (FUEL T Y P E 1 CVLIVUER)
CLAD
1099,8
IO9Pab
1099,U
1099,3
1107al
1 1 1 0 a'&
1113e?
1 1 178 1
1 1 19.5
1120.7
1 1 2 1 .e
112284
1122e1
1 l Z l a0
1119,i
.1117,C
1109.0
1108aL
1108a3
EXPLICIT SCLUTIONaaea
THERMAL MODEL SAMPLE PROBLEM RESULTS (Co7tinued)
C ? A L ~ V t Lk t 311~13
cA ~ E 1 F U E L T ~ S H A LNOEEL T I ~ B I D A T ~ O U / Z I / ~ ~ o ~ i r t LZ,ZM,LO 1
DATA FGR CHANNEL 1

EGUIL. VOID
QUALITY FRACTION
0,000 0,000
0.000 0.000
OaGOi) Oa000
0.000 oaooo
0.000 oaooc
oaooo oaooo
oaooo caooo
0,000 oaoua
OIOOO 0.000
0,000 oa0oo
OaOOO OaOOO
OaOOO ClaOOO
01000 OaOOO
0.000 oaooo
0,000 oaooo
OaOOU 01000
OaOO0 01000
0aO0U 0.000
0a000 OaOUd
OaUOI) neOOO
Oa0Gli OaGJG
0,000 0 1C O O
oaouo (iaooo
OaOOO OaGUO
OaOO0 OaOOO
T:"E a ,40000 SECohDS PRESSbRE r 15.0 PSIA DATA FCR CHANNEL 2
OIYTAILC~' llELTA*P EGUILe VOID FLOW MA33 F L L Y

II ~I~ , f PSI UUALITY FAACTION (Le/skc) (HLBIM-FY~I
u, n ,
1 5 9's2 0,OOi) OaGOO 3.9LiGS ,iG5s
2 l(I 1e 4563 On000 01000 3,9813 a 7956
Ue 0 1 a 395Y OeOO0 00QirO lo982b ,7950
be0 1 ,:I345 0,000 0,000 S.YBYS ,7(ib3
6 l0 L a27313 OaOOO Ua000 3,‘367! n7Yb6
LOe0 1oZ131 00000 O#OOO 3.9007 ,7075
12 e 0 1e 152k OeJOO OeOUO 3 # 9952 a7YW4
lQe0 1e097J OaOO0 Oa000 U,0009 ,7996
then 1 00~i72 0,oou 0.000 U10U76 ah009
1t i e 0 ,0733 00000 0,000 4.0 1 6 6 #U(iLb
0 21\.,0 ' eq1.!7 OOOOU OaOO0 Ua0i?S'/ a8UQ5
I 2zeo ,a5si 08000 08000 UaOJbtl a80b7
5 2qe0 l7 9 38 00000 Oa000 4 a 01194 aLcU92
&ell e73d6 0,000 o*ouo U.Ob3S *elZl
b4.0 ,6756 0,000 o.oc0 Ua07Q0 88152
3 0 ,0 ,blb7 0,000 o,o(i0 4,0954 ,8105
52.11 ,5579 0,000 Oe00L) UollZJ 882111
3Y.O l4992 O000U OeOOO 11*1275 ,6249
33e 0 ,,&lIO@ 0,000 oeooo Val300 88d55
.s 9 . 0 ,snsJ C , C ~ C OeC03 9,112e ,?Y~c
u3.o .%hat 0,OOU oeooo U a OPSb 8 b5LB
42aO e22i6 c)eOvi) 0e000 4 OF02 a b554
(J J 6 0 o 1706 08000 0 e 000 UelUb7 ab5bl
06.0 Oll!~b 0,oou oaouo . Ua 1 0 5 9 ObJbU
13.[1 0 b5t 7 OeOO0 08000 UalOLjZ sbSb3
THERMAL MODEL SAMP-E PROBLEM RESULTS (Continued)
I1 E a ,UOi.00 SEC.CXO5 Pfi€SS~wt r 15.0 PSJA O A I A FOC ChANNEL 5

LGUILa bolo FLOk M L Y Y FLLX
PIJAL 11 V FRAClfGN (LBIYEC)I (rLfi~Hh-FlZ)
0.000 0,000 2.0689 .4552
oaooO OaOOO Z.Obl)(J 14552
0 # 000 Oa000 2,ObBl ,4552
0,000 OaOOO 2,0687 a4552
0,l)i)o O.OO0 Za0689 ,4552
oanoo OaObO 2 0692 ,4553
Oa000 OaOOO 2.0698 ,45541
0,00u OaOUO ZeO7Ob. a USSO
0.000 OaOOO 2.0717 .4558
('a000 0a000 2.0732 ,45b2
. G#Oi)U 01000 2#0751 a4566
' OaOOO 0.000 210775 14571
0#000 OaOOO 2,0804 #457tc
OaOOO OaOOO 2#(rb36 , USE5
OaUOO 0.000 2*0675 ,4593
U#OOU OaOOr) 2@091b a4002
0.000 oaooo 2 a 0959 .4blZ
(laolJ0 oaooo 2.1002 a 402 1
OaGOU 0.000 2.1045 .4a31
0 a UOU oacoo i?eiObc! a4634
il#IJOC Oaouo CallG3 a40lt3
oaaou OIOOO 2.1121 aQblIf
OaOOU 0*000 2a 1 1 3 5 a4650
oaoou OaUOO 211144 rQh5Z
OaOOO o a o o o 2.1147 a4b53
O0ab
11 * q 11
Oet!n
l!'Zn
0'00
no&$
oeu1
Garit
(. ' ic f.
O*CZ
oeifz
O*P%
u0tj2.
0°2Z
oaoi!
O'hl
0'91
O'hl
("a1
0'01
b'R
ve9
0 h
'
0'2
3vnz
THERMAL MODEL SAMPLE PROBLEM RESULTS (Cont i nued )
T I ~ C0 .UOUOII s t c l ; ' h ~ s IEYPERAIU~E DATA 8 ~ H ~~ D~1 k (FUEL ~VPE1 CYLIN~)~N)

THERMA~ MODEL SAMPLE PROBLEM RESULTS* (Ccnti nued)
CHANNEL 7
050
qt +I *z 10 r t *r t ~ * I
*
I
I
t
t
(I
*
C
I
I
I
I
I.
I
I
t
THERMAL MODEL SAMPLE PROBLEM RESULTS (Conti nued)
boo I I'jE COuR4NT b l i & C C I ? ? FOkPChEhT3 7CTAL YOLUMk

ThIk.8 STEP' NUirf3ER U/DU V/i)V (u/cx+b~OY~ Tlkk ERRCR
THERMA~MODEL SAMPLE PROBLEM RESULTS (Continued)
D A T A COG CHANNEL 1
VCID FLOW
FRACIION (L8/8EC 1
0 a 000 l.dU34
0 ,0 0 0 1,4965;
0,000 t ,5082
d,OOQ 1,5201
OIOOO 1;53fL
0,oCIo !, 5 4 7 6
0,000 la5b2M~
0,OCO l ,578J
0 a 000 1,593b
0,000 1 6084
Oa01r0 1,6225
OeOOO 1,6558.
0.000 9,047?
0 a 000 l eb58?
OaDOU ,
I b682!
OaOOO 1p 6 7 6 i
0,OOO l ab(r29'
OeOOO 1,689L
oaooo !,705b,
0 0 OOU 1,7965
0,000 t ,b e 5 5 1
UaOOO I aA97L
00000 O a8942
0,UOO 1 s8ti67'
09000 8 a8757'
C:lA'u'itr'L .wt3ULT3
C.A St: I FUEL fhEMAL MODEL T E S T
FLOW ~ S F SL C $
(Le/sEc) (rbti/niw1a)
3,4504 ,b90P
3,4857. q b9bb
3m516d ,7052 .
3,5520 ,7i~?ti
3,5348 ;71h4
34blb8 ,7226
Sabu7T ,729~
3,6772 ,7309
3.7052 ,7405
307315 ,7457
3;7559 rn 7SOb
3e7763 el551
3e7Ybb ,7591
3,8160 ,762d
3,6331 ,.7660
S98U74 o 7b89
3,8595 a7713
f ,8b99 ,7734
3mM737 a7741
3iP5(1% . c7'4A7
388272 ab!lY
3 0828r? ~6120
38L1321 ~6128
308373 h 135'
3,8417 ,6143
THERMAL MODEL SAMPLE PROBLEM RESULTS ( c o n t i rued)
C*A:!.XEL iiEYttLT3
CASE. 1 F U E L THEMAL ~ O C ~T ~L S T
. . DATE 04/21/10 0 TlNt 12aZbadb 1
II"E ,~QIJOO S~CULDS PGESSLHE B IS,O PBIP . D A T A FUF C ~ A N N E L s

EGUILe \Of0 FLOk
OUALIlY fk4CTION (l.B/YEC)
n,oco Q,OCC I ~ ~ C Q P
OeOOU OIOOU 1 ,bLBV
OeOOU 01000 lab5'Jl
0,UOl) 0.000 1a b 8 0 0
OaOUU 0.000 ie70b3
OaOOO 0.000 lr7J2U
0.oou OaCr00 1# 7 5 9 2
Oa009 OaCOO la7d5U
OaOOi) 01000 1,8102
0,OOU 0.OOU 1a M I U U
OaO03 OaOOO la6S79
OaOOU 01000 1a 8 7 8 7
0.000 0.000 la898U
GaOOJ OaOOJ 1,4162
0,000 OaOOO la9421
0,000 OaOUO la945'd
0,000 0.009 1,957s
1)~0Ol' 0.000 1,9683
OaOOU OaOOO 1a 9 7 6 5
OeOJU OeOOO ta9M3L
O,uOU 00000 1aYnml .
1Jal)Ou O o O ~ U 1a 9 ' 4 i L
OIIJOU OaOOO 1 a9943
OaOOO 0~000 leYYbr
OaOOO 0.00U 1a 9 9 b b
CSYt. 1 FUEL TnENAL PODEL 1ES1
5, 1 ) nt 60 71
eCL413 ,012lU
eU3loO a08537
)O!lOU 8!lIb49
8OJOI4 eOA5Oh
802Yb4 gi1147M
a62910 #UlU5',
eOZhbU ,0145U
s.li2793 a U 1395
06270s - a U 1j 5 U
,025YJ #cjl2'lr(
0ozi(5e so~2c?7
,OiZY9 .~~104@
e02014 8 ill ULjb
;u!ors ,OO'~OII
e0878b eUtJt5B
eO1SUU eU375U
eOldOt #iIObSlj
eb1AU7 8U05S4
800957 ,UUUE(I
eOU857 . o(r3Ui"i
pOGSb7 ;0ttdd~
,OU400 suUdil~
@UC$bb au313r
e OJlZO e~OI)bO
THERMAL MOt3EL SAMPLE PROBLEM RESULTS (Cor;.tinued)
0 4 T A F W O r EXpL:CIT SLLUIION~~~,
. 3 Z a1689
? 1.9597
31ahbbb'
31r343.l
.30au553
3Ga53'31
.3Oa04l0
29r5391
'ita9723
ia. 3 9 a 2
27a76O3
.i7, 1.197
ib.02lb
25.7253
2Q.9oS1
Zba263U
i3aS22S
22.7762
2Za~tbU
i 1 a25U8
THERMAL MODEL SAMFLE PROBLEM RESULTS (Conti n u ~ d )
1 : ,Htlr.90 SECChOS P R E ~ Y U Ws 1S80 PSIA O A , l A F09 CWANNBL. 1

r
G I Y APJCC: ECUIL, . bolo FLOW f i b 8 8 FLLX
(I'ia) QUALITY FRACTION (I.e/SECl (MLBfHH-FT2)
a.0 , Oa00'? OaCC? ,9202 ,5262
2 0 0,OOO 0,000 ,9380 as561
0.0
h .
e 0 \-I
II
OIOOO
0 , OOU
0;oou
0~000
OIOQO
OaOOO
,9531)
,9671
,9797
85QbY
a59U8
,5bt?0
Il).lI : oaooo OaOiIO ,9913 ,5666
1E.a 0a0OU . OaOOO 1.a019 ,5797
14.3 Ir.00O oaooo !,Cll7 ,5804
19.1) 0,900 O.OOO laC'210 05857
\i\*n 0.000 0 a 000 l a 0299 a5908
20.1) G.000 o,aoo 140366 a5958
t)
I
22oil Cl#QOO oaooo t ,0474
29.0 , o,noo 08000 B OOSbS .Bubo
* 26.G 0,000 0,000 1, u h S ~ ? b l12
2d*O 0;ooo 0ICOO 1111148 eblb5
1~1.7 u;ooo O#OOO 1e5842 04219
.$ 2 * 0 DaOO0 08000 l 0931 ab272
34.ij d.OO0 080lJO lolu31 8 635 l
3h.n OaOOO oauoo I L! l b t ob'JO5
38.0 0 8 000 0 e 0 00 I.I935 ,a388
UIJ. 0 0.000 OaOOd 102b8? e 5 ~ 8 l
0% 0 0,000 9aOOO la2893 0 5 17 2
4u.11 (la000 0!1)00 1eSOlQ 05219
4h.9 0,oou OIOOO fibPio? 85254
un.ir OaOOO 0.000 l rP1l*a a5265
~ I P z O 69(11* Z onoeo nooeo oseoS hlo5n?9 .?h0ifeb
IZaf oobfeZ onoso noOeO O(i0oS n6°5f111 ~n'6i)n
f t ~ f ' ~ I b t ' ? OOOeO 000'0 ' f 5'05 ~ 3 ~ IG1 o nG09(1b
s?sf0 lEbCei! 0noeo noo'u nseoS s~'snl;t o~'ben
ZC.Qf* 0L b f ooo"O 000*0 ?s"oS l!,Osdll Lcam9un
zvsn' wbinCZ 000'9 00o'b 9Se0s (j.~'.c~lg n L - Ben
ha@hB 9 ~ ~ 1 7 ~ 2o O O e o 000'0 ds"os 9 V e Q 01 1 bd.OdWf9
b/.Rho klhh'i! OOOaO 000'0 OSa9S r r r i * ~ Otl ni3Oydn
ssebm hhrtr't onoeo non'o nseos ? L e 9 ? 11 . bu"awh
osicne a~?h'Z 060eo 'nouOo JS*OS t r t * o u ~I OH~PWV
FEHII' l~lo'i! 000'0 000'0 oS*oS tb.'inl I 9qmear7
IIRv' t~ns*c? onoeo ooo'o 1smoS b?'SnI i s n e ~ ~ n
S96be S~bf'? 000'0 000~0 ZS'OS bn0nnl: ZZebdh
qcjLbe non~'z Oooeo OOueO tsmoS O ~ @ $ O:I 3b'L(lh
T Z L ~ * ri9r0i) 000'0 onoso . ES~OS Z L * ~ O I ~ bQ'LWh
Fis~b' Zhbi't OOO*O 00i)'O nsaOs t,*lnll EheLUn
Z ~ Q V ' bZZS'i! 000'0 009'0 SS'bS t h e O O 11 Ol'LBh
565he ~bbz'i! OOoOO 0 0 0 ~ ~r s m n s I t @ o ~ ~ l l lbsvirn
hflSf7' PFL?'? 000~0 no0'0 US'OS O f f e b b O1 ?Le9Wb
bwhne 2ohteZ OOoeo nooeo L4'0S Qh'abc 1 lseqao
OKhb' b91E0Z 000'0 000'0 LS*OS SJeifbl,6 L t l ' Pito
b9Fha F P Q ' ~Z 000'0 0Oirs0 LS'OS Ih*dh(tl SS09rin'
. P U ~ P @ LhS1'2 oooeo n00~t.1 PS'OS tz'~eo s~O?E)~
?n?rre 9t71m2 oooeo 000'0 vseoS ws:-h001 SL'PQ~~
bO!bO utbo'? 000'0 cono!) v!imo5 00 30,I 1 ~ f i ~ q ~ r r
i (336/8'1) N O 1 13V!l.j A 1 I1~flt.I (1 4 m n 3 / ~ 7 ) ( 4 - 9 3 d l (kl/OlQ)
q.314 S6Vk ~01d 013~ '71fi93 A I I S N 3 0 3hlrVH3di631 ~ d l V d 1 ~ 3
THERMAL MODEL SAMRLE PROBLEM RESULTS (Conti n ~ e d )
Il.4t. r ,WOOdO SECUhOS PEESSGYE = 1S,0 PS1A D A T A FOR ChANNEL 5
EGUIL, VOIO TLOH M A S S FLCM

M1A.L I I Y PliAtl ICY (LB/3EC) (kL6/kK-FlZ)
0,OOU 0.00u . 85387 , 1ZYS
0, u o o 0,000 ,61127 ,1346
9 e 000 0,000 ,b j b S e14fi0
0,OUO 0,000 ,,b j d b . # 1 US0
O,UU0 oeooo ,b303 e la97

0,1100 or000 ,700'4 ,1542
0,000 0 e 000 a7LU2 r l5@5
0,OO') 0.000 6 7-58 1 ,1024
0,000 0.000 ,7546 e lcbo
0,00u 0,CUO ,769 b t lbVd
0 @ 000 O*OOO 871A32 . e 1723
0,000 0,000 ,7955 e 1750
0,000 OtOUD ,Bob7 ,1775
0,000 oeooo ,81.66 r 1797
(leU0U 0,OUO ,LL.25 b a 1617
0,uOU 0, OUO me338 a Id35
0,,000 0~000 ,Ll~l3 a in51
Oa(r0O o*ouo a8ill? e lab5
O.UO0 0a0u0 * aMk~37 eld7d
OmuQO Oe000 ,e5.94 e 1091
0,UUU omouo ,2L31 rltF'i
0,OOU 0 I0 0 0 , e b ~ l ,1903
0.00u o*ooo ,Ebb5 e 1907
OeOOO oeooo .Eb76 r 1909
oeoou O*OOO ,Ebb1 rlYl0
hC001)'- OLfl00'- 6C000'- sLIl0'- hhiOOe- ?1000'- BSSIOe- 9';!n1na-. I,wi?I9'-
~hhno'- ?bonoe- ~ n n o o ~ - hetoo*- eqioo'- 38'100°s 9?alos- SOLIU~- LLSII)~-
Qnn!l(re- (;!1)00'. 80000'- .LPlOQ'* OffOO'r ' E9103O- 0~270'- 1s I ? ' O ' * hS!)?Oo-
O(OOoe. 6511011' blOa?fls '02100'- 8C?0Oe- 1 1I0'Jsh 96hCO'- S56SOam' 61)610
$,FOOO'- ~YI?FO'- 1znt~o0- 10oc~'- a33n?'= 103~0"e hliofa- ~ 1 l n ~ ~ -
F5100' hb200' lnlOne 15000'0 09100'- &oI)OOO- OLtS1'- 0btSle- 9b0Sl0-
~7100' SLF~O* o!110o* LS~OO'- ~SBOO'- btnoos- es?tne- L ~ H I O O - 111510'-
1o?(loe Irsou' 1!L?Ooa 02000' b?oOoe lonooO sot7noo- s ~ n o o ~ - nzsoo'-
0f.f f l o e E L Q ~ ~ .@ q c i o n " tolooa ?3tr)0° n[rlooO ? izoue- bsrooe- hb~fir)~'-
qqcu!ls ho((loe I'a~qo' LOZOO' eI.boo' 91zno0 PTZOC' T O ~ C I O ~ C??QI)~-'
tnhon' FQROO' onhone enroo' 8bS30' 2l~tco0 ssooi! @ FI'Z0Oe B?OOr)'
$ 1i n o ' 921-1t n ' f Isno' ? L ~ o o ' . bfL00' bri503° eel1 1 0 ' 1h9COa t?/..?ons
F~S~JO' f ~ l i a * 7bSOO' ?Y~OO' G I bflb' OQhOOs h3500' b?l! I'll' ~LSOI!'
6 ~ ~ 0 0 ' 5 ~ ~ 1 0 ' RLQOO' SLSOO' bC1oO' ZLS(rO" i ~ 0 2 0 ~ lSblOO Cbi)nOa
0 1 LOq' Q ~ S I ~ ' ~ L L o ~ ' f0100' CbiIO' bb90D0 hLq?O' E L R ~ ~ L b~1 1 0 '
9 ;a v 11t) a ~PLIO' ?q~?n' unauoe 1L910e IPYO~' eotro' w ~ e t o ~ fLnlna
h(lOIbm ll023' n0010~ 00010' bi4b!Oe Str SO i) 2 1 9 E ~ ~ 0 SVZ0 1 ? ~ 1 0 ~
n ~ l o1 e 1~ Z T O ' I n 0 11)' ~t;llO' t0t?oo 55t 10' 18r)hn' L i h70 L I ~ ~ I J @
IIrlna ?1s?na t79f i n ' 60r10' 909i!os acr03' CFnbo' ~
e % i l ~ ~ wsc)Zng
Ibntn' nfh?ob 5wn10' . Innlo' hLatOe nbnt!~~ ~olhn' L ~ ~ T O * u f Ie.0 '
PLQ~O' QktE3' ~ ~ 9 1 0 ' th590' Z Q O ~ ~ ) ~ 1)5$13~ i?98noe ObIlT0' bZ120'
C I Y O ~ @. ~ T Q C O ' FIZRIF' 9wstoe o8lcoe eo910° e ~ a n o ~ OQ~EO' 9Vil.?O'
hhLIn' 9295 0' hEi(1OD b0600' hhOcO' OnSIOO ESShO' HfZtO' 01810'
bsiIoa CL1.ZIOe tttrloD oi?lloD tb?ZO' estto' C b f EOO ni!i?rra h9210'
(1 '0 )U (1 ' 5 ) v ( 9 'S )M ( b 'C 114th 2 ) v ( h 'Z )Y (b '1 )*<E '.I ) W (Z 'I
THERMAL MODEL SAMPLE PROBLEM FESULTS (Continued)
CA9F: 1 FUEL T h F t l b L V l l O E L 1 E 9 1 CAT€ Ou/Z1/7b 0 TIMk It?aiinall 1
TI~.IE c ,AO?Q9 SECOh03 T k r v E R A I U R E C A r P FOR H O D 1 ( ~ U E Ll Y P E 1 CYLlN~k~)
TEMPERATUPt4 ( F 1
[RELATIVE HAClUY(W/H))
T( 1) T( i l
.
1( 3 )
(1a000) ( ,bt7) ( ,333)
lOQ9.8 109qa8 1099,8
1099#b 109F.b kU90Db
1099a5 iOYYcb 10'49,b
1104a9 11OTe0 llOBab
1299,7 1900',3 2460a0
136609 2321ab flJ91,2
iUJZ.9 Lbd7a5 3h58,9
iU90e1 30Szab 4151a4
1532a6 ' 32J4.3. 4370a5
1534,l 3237.4 U373,b
155581 3239.1 &47ueh
1535,9 3219,2 U373a9
.:.1504aZ 30bOmk U157.3
luJ9.8 269CB1 3b6dab
1375ag 253&,1 Jl0Ua&
1309,0.,i,, 1 9 7 3 I S ZY95*3
iiiuae iiibr9 1114.5
l l ~ 8 a O ii-GF,,a i l C C e i
I i o e a s Ilo8.e 110d.b
v so il*
+++++++++++++++++++*
+*++++*++*+++++++++*
++++++++++'+++++++++V
+++++++++++++++b+++?
+++++++++++++++++++*
....................
+++++++++++++++++++*
....................
++++++++++++++*++++r
. ....................
+++++++++++++++++++*
++++++++++++++++++*
. ++++++++++++++++++*
++++++++++++++++++I
++*+++++*++++++++**
++++++++++++++++4+* +++*+b+*++**++'+++*v c,
++++++++++++++++++* +++++,+*++++++*++*. t,
+4++++4+++4+++++++r . +++*+b*+++++++++*t.
++++++++++++++~+++v ++++++++++++++++ t
+*++**+*++++*+++++* +++++b+*++*+++++*** 1
** I* *P 24
** v * LC C* ** * * *Iv * 1, +*
Sk' Sh'
k 13~slVY3 1 73YNV!43 .
TEERMAL MODEL SAMPLE PROBLEM RESULTS (Cortinued)
ENTqLLPI IT).OUYAND eTU/mLB) AND YCIO iTEhTH3)

CHOhNe6 b CHANNEL 7
,Us #5'0 #45 !So
** C* I* ** b r I* ** L 1 C* C* I* ** m* w* I* e
*+++ * *+++ .
*4++ I t+*+ Z
*+++ * I+++ *
*+t+, * **++ I
DATA vwfir EXPLICIT BCLUTICN~,,~
VOLUMC
ERNOR
rib
a 16
a 15
a15
0 19
s 14
a19
a 14
a 13
o 13
812
a12
a11
,it
a 12
t i3
013
a l 4
a10
a15
C M A t I b i i r L iiESULT$
C &St: 1 F O E L T F E ~ A L~ O C € L I L S I OATE U4/Zl/70 0 TlMt 12a2Ua30 1
flt*F. = i a O l ) n i 1 9 Sf:CC'::h.03 FWESSbHE a lSaO P9IA D A T A F O E ChANNEL 1
ECUILa VOID FLOM

aUiLI l Y FRACTIGN (LBISEC)
0.000 .aeooo .ose2
naooo o;ooo ,obaY
0,OUU 0.000 ,OHSU
0,003 0,000 1047
0.00i) C@OOO a 1251.
0,01)0 0.000 ,140U
0,000 OaOOO 15bY
Oa,OOi) 0.000 0 1723'
l(i.no0 0~000 ,i l l b 9
n,OOu 0.000 a200b
3.10U0 0,000 .also
0.000 OsOOO ,2265
O.SOO a,ooo .2386
OeOOO OaOOO a2503
D,OOU Oa000 a2b1b
3.000 01U00 *2721
I*DOU 0.000 a.ZM5l
),no0 0.000 ,2915.
la?OO 0.000 ,2113 1
3a300 OaO00 ,3294
.I,.)Oi 0.0f3 5 7 " b.
5a@100 OaOoO a JHljb
OaJoO OaOOO err017
@a000 OaOOO (4137
~ , Q O O 0.000 . ,~26t)
THERMAL MODEL SAMPLE PROBLEM RESULTS (.Continued)
CHrkhEb 'hESlI~.ts
CASE 1 FULL THEMAL MCnEL TEST
TEIIYEPITLRE DENSITY E C ~ J I L I POID

(DEC-F) (Le/Cl)-PI) O U P L I I Y FAACTION
. lllbi)aOU So,5b 0,000 Oa000
10'48,(lb 50a56 OaOOU OaOOO
1!39ijat,0 5 0 a 57 UoOOO Oa000
l998,27 50.57 0,000 0.uoo
1357.9b 50~57 os(iu0 0,opo
13qb.55 Soa51 0#000 O#OOO
109qa2U 50056 OsOOU OaOUU
111~u~ilc) 50a56 0,000 oaouo
11O1.10 50sS5 0a00u 0,000
l h02.1U 50054 OgOU0 OaOOO
lt;OJalI 5Ca53 0,000 OaOOO
1 1, U11 (I 4 50a52 0,OOU 09000
11 0 b a 9 6 50e51 ogouo oaooo
1105.74 50 a 50 0oCOJ 01000
1100~28 soas0 0,COO OaO110
Ilirt!,t*2 50r50 09000 OaOC'O
1 10be'lQ 50a5U OaOOU OoOOO
1](ibazir S'Oo5U . GaOOU oaooo
ll U 5 a 9 3 50aSO 0aOOU O*OOO
1 8185,b7 50,51 CaC3U OoOOC
1305,38 50051 PaOOU OaOUO
11.05e17 50051 FaOOU OaCOO
1lb'~nqb 50051 0,000 0,000
1104e7S 5005.1 0,000 00000
llUk.55 SOSSL oaoou osooo
THERMAL MODEL SAMPLE PROBLEM RESULTS (Continued 1
ClA'.'.KL kt SUL rg
CASt. ,1 FUEL ThEMbL MOOCL T t S T UPTL OU/Zl/Ib 0 1Jkt 12eZMe36 1
DELTA-P EhTbdLPY EtUlL, kt10

(PSI) (M~~/L.FI) 3lJ~l,I1Y FkACTION
m797b 4 5 t a fit! 0,000 0.000
,7qqS 051.b3 u,noo oeooo
.7&0r! b57,n;! Oe0OU oeouo
.72al) 491.99 0,oou o*ooo
ah951 .U5ealU oOouu o~oun
.ctizu u5e.zn O00O0 o*ooo
mh291 45Pa41 0,000 OeOOO
,5071 4 s a ,54 OaO0U OeOOO
.ShlJb u5geb8 0,OOU OeOOO
.5320 4SeoYi) O,OOU OIOOO
.UC490 ase09s Oe000 OeObO
,Uh6l? 452,08 0e000 Or000
,9300 45se21 Oe003 Om000
.41)11 USF, 3 5 o00oi) oe000
a3bHl U 5 C 0 (18 00OOU UeOOU
.3J!19 U5q0bl oeoou oeooo
m3!115 U54e74 OaOOO 00000
.2079 45G.97 OeU0O OeOOO
.2Sar? abr.~o UeOUU OeOOO
a20C2 UhCm13 0eOOO OeOUO
a 1659 U6C e 2 b i1~J00 OeOOi)
013@3 4OieU3 (l#OOU oleboo
01038 40CeJ7 00OOU oeooo
a l1Oq3 Ub! e 7 1 n.oou cueooo
a O ~ U P 47; .28 OeOOU OeOOO
C I V E H Y I O h CnC'3SFLb* d E T * E E l u b O J A C L N I C H b W E L 3 e k ( 1 e J l o ( L 8 / S E C r F T ) ,
'$:. a !+
VOID
f f i A C 1 ION
oeooo
OeOOO
oeooo
0.000
0.0~0
OeOUO
OeOOO
On000
ceouo
(i.000
OeGclO
0,000
0.000
6e000
OeU00
CeOOO
0 e 000
o e o o o
ceooo
0.000
UaCiriI
a,. 0 0.0
0 I 000
u.000
0.OtlO
nxraL
0.0 -
2.u
U#O
-,
--
---
ha(!
A,.,
10,o
12.0
t4.Q --
Ih,O
1 --
I
23.9
22*ll -
5: %fl,OD
--
---
,???.I)
2!.,(l
. d : ,
32,\1
---
$.~,n
35,o
JII,O
il'!.O -
$do()
4h.O -
r
CISE 1 FUEL I t i t l A A L ~ U O E L T t 3 1 DATE 04/21/7b 0 I l k 12a2da57 1
CLAD
DAMPED U-TUBE MANOMETER OSCILLATION
One of the most important new c a p a b i l i t i e s of COBRA-IV i s t h a t of con-
sidering density gradients.approaching steam-water interface conditions.
The. modeling of a U-tube o s c i l l a t i o n i s an ideal way t o demonstrate t h i s
capability. The model a l s o employs the code's new a b i l i t y to a r b i t r a r i l y
block l a t e r a l flows in t r a n s i e n t calculations.
The geometry chosen f o r the U-tube i s i l l u s t r a t e d in Figure G-3. The
flow area of 36 square inches, the 6-inch gap and the axial node length of
3 inches were chosen to provide the same area f o r l a t e r a l flow as f o r axial
flow and thus a uniform velocity a1 1 the way around the "U". A1 1 gaps
except the f i r s t two a r e closed via input. The only damping present consists
o f a drag coefficient of 2.0 placed a t the 14.4-inch level in channel 1 .
One channel i s i n i t i a l l y f i l l e d with saturated liquid and the other with
saturated vapor a t 60 psia. The calculation i s carried ntrt t o 4 . 0 seconds
which allows two f u l l o s c i l l a t i o n s (natural period i s 1.92 seconds.)
The Sntermediate output f o r t h i s problem shows "surface level" in
addition t o the normal t r a n s i e n t output. This i s a post-calculated quantity
which i s determined by integrating the previously calculated density and i s
not used elsewhere i n the code. Refer t o the channel 'results page f o r the .
actual density gradient calculated.
LIQUID
*FIGURE G-'3. U-Tube Manometer Model

DAMPED U-TUBE MONOMETER O S C I L L A T I O N SAMPLE PROBLEM INPUT
DAMPED U-TUBE MANOMETER PROBLEM OUTPUT
DAMPED U-TUBE MA,l3'YEJIR PROBLEM OUTPUT (Continued)
DAMPED U-TUBE MANOMETER PROBLEM OUTPUT (Continued)
3 ~ ~ C h d h l ~I hk PL U T O A IA
CHAII~VEL Y ahtb w€tTED PtATFU IYDPAbLIC (ADJACLhT CHANNEL NO,, SPAClhb, CENTHLIC O I S l A N C t )
tdI I iS.-IN)PCklPa PtLItIa CIAhETEk
(IN) (It,) (IN)
1 1 3 h m b O h i t J 0 2 U a O F 0 0 0 0 24,tlCoQ60 6,000000 t 2gb,OOO,-a000)( ~ 0 ~ ~ ~ 0 0 0 1 ~ ~m O
0 t 0- a 0O O
) O
( ~ ~ a O U O ) ~( U , ~ ~ O O U ~ - ~ ~
2 1 3 h m 0 0 G 4 1 0 0 2 ~ 1 , 0 0 0 0 U 0 2U.0061>00 6b000000 ( - 0 0 ~ a 0 0 0 ~ ~ a 0 (0 0mOo-aOOO,-aSOOI
) ( -00-a000,er000) ( - L I I ~ ~ ~ ~ U O - ~ ~
E X P L I C I T Stil.UTI(:h N I T W I k L E l F L t j h S 8 ~ t C I . F I t D
S T d t . ~ l l r . r ; 9 1 6 G r Flc1.lr.l Z E H C FI!LL#IWY
CHANNEL b E h 6 T H
N u r b E R UF n x 1 A L h t i L t 3
AXIAL hGDE L t h C l h
TOTAL T U A h 9 1 k ~ l V l H k
NUMEER OF T l n c S T E P S
~ O M I N A L l l k t BTLP
ACCELEHATIGh FAClGW
P R A C T I O h OF L A S T C b A t v L t
ITERATION L I H I l S
PRESSbfit I l t M P l l b h
EhkNGY L L U A T I L h
DAMPED U-TUBE MANOMETER PROBLEM OUTPUT ( ~ o n t i n u e c )
~ ' i A t l \ t . L ktSt1,L T $
C4YE 1 IYI.~-HE'HM~L lJ-f JHE l l r h f J e c ~ ~Dk C ~ C ~ ~ S T R A T ~ O N
TItlE c O.~Q(J~I) Stti~hPS PkLSJLHE 50,C P31A D A T A FUN CHANNEL 1
VOID M A S S FLUX VELCCIIY bktb

FfiACTIOk (MLti/HH-f 1 2 ) (FT/SEC) (8Fmlh)
0 * 000. 0.0000 ' u.0000 3tJ*00(~00
GaOOi, 3,022G 0.0000 3b.0030U
0.000 OaO000 0 ~ 0 0 0 0 3baOl10GC
Om000 0*0060 OaOOOU 5b~UOGG3
0,000 0,006U 0 . 0 ~ 0 0 .3h.(;Ou00
O.Oil0 0.0000 O.OOO0 3brC0000
0,ODO 0,OOr)l) J.OCQ0 36,90000
0.000 0.0000 OaCOOO 3b,0000O
0.000 0 10000 OaC000 56.00000
0 1000 o,oooo u.aouu ~ b , o o o a . r ,
O*OOO O*OOOO 0.0000 Jb*Ol)J00
0 I 000 0.0000 6.0000 3b,00900
0.000 6,OijOO 0.0UOU 3b.QObOU
0.000 0.0000 OaOUOO 3ba00000
0.000 (re0300 i)*ir000 >h,00PU0
OrOOO OoOUOU O.CO00 JbaC:~tiGO
O.0OO 6~3000 910000 3b.00bOU
0.uoo O~OJOO . 0.0000 36.30000
O,Ci)0 0.1~000 0.C000 36.0030C
O.OhrO 0.6000 Ua000J 3bmU0UOC
o,uon 0~001)0 O.OJOU 3b.OOuOG
0,000 0,O'OcjO 0.C.000 36,wi~uOh
0,000 0,000~ 0.0000 3h.6000~
0.000 0.0000 OaCOOO fbe00~0?
oaouo OaO00O 0.9000 jb,OOOCC
DAMPED U-TUBE MAFOMETER PROBLEM OUTPUT (Conti n ~ e d )
DAMPED U-TUBE MANOMETER PROBLEM OUTPUT ( c o n t i n u e d )
5 104 ,001
SiikF.5CE L C V t L 72.09l)
3 ,aotrln , ~ \ !
SJdFsCE LEVEL 72,UflU
Z ; , sOdll2 ,1123
SUVPhCE 1.Evt.~ 72.01~~
2 .o:;llc ,n53
S ~ J ~ F L CLEi v E l . 72,udi)
2 ,OIJ1?U ,0110'
Stj9F:CE l.6 VkL 72,OClU
2 8Uc?tZ5 e@~S.
E 1 ~ ~ F a CLEVEL t 72,000
2 . eI?f!13a roll8
JdriF:,Ci: LEVEI 71.@999
2 ,03135 ,05d
Ssi'F i C E I.k.'ubL 71,099
2 ,nil iu o ,051
ZJugcCt LEVEL 71,998
2 0111 U 5 ,052
Z U ~ F A C EL E V E L 71.996
2 ,31)15l ,052.
S0J+FbCE CEVKL 71,993.
2 eOOlSh ,051
Slik'caCt C ~ V F L 71,9P9
2 ,aOlbi! .05 1
5~'irFbl;k. L ~ V E L . lle9ilu
2 a0Qlh9 e OSq
S U ~ F A C ELEVEL 71,970
2 ,00lj5 ,ous
S C E F - A C E LEVEL 71,9tb
3 ,o:llYZ roue
- f U h p A C E LEVEL 71 r95U
3 ,00189 ,04A
SURPJLF LP.V.EL 71,938
3 ,On196 ,OU7
S ~ ~ F A CL E V E L 71.C19
3 ,602n3 ,oh6
SU9F6CE L E V E L 71,897
.3 *(lll?l 1 ,946
S k k F L C E CEVt'L 71,872
3 ,0lid19 ( 0 45
SllgFACF. L E V E L 7l.,OU3
3 ~03227 4 005
$UQFICE LELKL 71,el0
n ,00236 ,005
SukFbCE LEVtL 71,775
If ,002U5 , 006
SU2FALE LEVEL 71.737
u , f?I!ZSU ,047
SvkF&CE L E V E L 7 1 ,C9h
U ,1!?2hU ,lltlg
SukFltF LEVtL 71.t52
5 ,u327~ ,65 1
S U q F A C E C?.VCL 71 i6nS
b ,(:02AU ,055
2.92 F\i'Cf 1. fib? L , '7 1'; 5 5.5
? ,ii0295
- . . -
-. . ,059
DAMPED U-TUBE MAYOMETER PROBLEM OUTPUT ( C o n ~ i n u e d )
DAMPED U-TUBE MANOMETER PROBLEM OUTPUT (Con.t.inuec)
CIS€ 1 1 3 ' 0 1 ~ ~ ~L J1- I4U P~E~ P A ~ . O I * E T E H D E k O N S l R A l I O N

1 i? aO'J3le a067 lTah9

S ' J R F L ~ FL E V E L 71aja1 I'h52
111'. a!?113)o a071 17.66
SIJGFPLF. L E V E L 7 1 a 313 a 727
7 .no3uz , #073 17.70
.S.>QC~CELEVEL 71a23d a 3 3P
7 ' ,n5355 *of4 17,51
$ l ~ ? F ~ s : LEVEL
E 71 a 154 a207
3 a6113h9 a1179 17a31
S!.J%FsCE L t V E L 71a(jb5 8992
F ,003r: ,942 17~12
.S,IPFdCF LEVFL 7!J a 944 1 a ('Fa
3 aO?Jq7 aOd5 1h a (46
3 , ~ ~ Ai Cb E L E V ~ L 70 m e s s 1 a2113
P a 1100 I 3 ,389 lh,82
SukF d i F - L E V K C 79.731 1a322
9 ,onqae 6393 10~74
S:JGF&::E LEvC-L 73,598 I .!JSO
1 :J ,8~.;lu~~5 ,09d lna72
3 J4FACE LEVEL 7i1,152 1 ,559
12 a05~61 a 1q3 lo,.?S
Q ' J Z F A C E LEVit. 711.~294 la7!11
13 ,60079 ,lo0 , \7,b3
'~!J+FACK L c v F L 70,120 1 ,937
10 ,00 0 9 7 a 11s I*,t17
Qs1iL'AC.E L i v E L bqaQ39 2.09?
27 eOQ51b a 125 1J;09
jlJ!i? L ~ V ~ L bqa7'41 282.37
ia od(1536 ,136 2neOf
StJGF 'CE LkVEL 690526 20503
J5 aO')556 a144 zCa9s
SJ:iFfnCk L E V E L 64,272 i? , 7 3 9
'. 9 800577 , 159 2 1 e58
3'JaFnCE b i v E L 69,000 2) ,990
23 a ull5cq a 169 2 2 8 35
S J S F A C E LEVEL 688765 Ja%b4
26 * Or.'hZ2 ,182 23838 99 l b
S J R F A t t LEVEL hBaOoQ 3.559
32 eOOh~B a l'J4 23aQ7 9 asu
S . J G F 4 C F - LEvEI. bHa1u8 3.578
36 dQ3hlA . t20b 25003
3J4FJCE LEVEL 67,811 ~ , Z i i
f 1
l ,~i!ss~ #213 25.27
Sti+FACE LEVCL h7aYbd Oa5SS
uo .0~577 aais 27.~8
S U * F J C F LEVEL h 7 r 124 ir , n ~ e
js , 00554 aZlh za,89 '
3 U n F 4 C E LEVEL ab.793 5aZ)t!

35 aOQS36 ,210 29a7u
Q,.j?ChTE I . ~ v L L 0a~0o6 58576
S0 alJoSZQ a236 33all
S , j + F t L ? LEJEL bhrllZ 5,707
55 00525 aZU% 3O.dd
J I J , ~ F ~ C FL .E JKI. 658.775 he204
57 ~ ( J S Z U 1 3 1 a52
S1;;iF?C,&.a>!.,,fv,~L . .bSaU31. ha566
54 a00575 a'EoO 32alb
..
5 CJ Jfl'5Zb @ 1'49 JZadl
QIJdFbCE L~VEL 4 ~ ~ 7 2 4 7a291
DAMPED U-TUBE FlAMOMETER PROBLEM OUTPUT (Conti nued)
--
lli't n ,19YhQ 3LCOhO.l ? ~ C 3 S l r ~ 8E 50.0 P91A D A T A FOR CHANNEL I

D A T A F O f i CbANNtL 2
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DAMPED U-TUBE MANOMETER PROBLEM.OUSPUT (Continued)
. . c a r 4 Fllllr EXPLICIT YCLU~I~I~,,.,
voLurt
ERROR
39 e1)1:#528 a 199 33855 ,000s

Q.JGFACt LEVEL 04~359 7,6513
,: 1 ,C)I;C~SI , i94 3 ~ ~ 1 9 ,3005
.3Gric ACE L L V E L h3.965 2 ,029
42 ,(;0533 ,t ~ e 3 0 . 9 ~ ,0005
S ~ J ! ~ F I C [L ~ v C L h3.ni13, 0,UlO
43 e 0,1530 r 198 3 ~ ~ 7 0 ,0005
5 J p C . h i : E LEVEL 03,211 4.901
.: 2 ,aos!r? ,1Q Y 3s,17 ,0005
3 : l h F l r : t L ~ v ~ Lh 2 e E l 2 '3,200
Ah e;l(~539 e199 35 a he ,0005
SJ?F:C6 LEVEL 52eU03 9rb07
37 e09554 r2.10 3seh2 ,0005
.S~J*F:CE LE'JIL a1 , 9 3 8 10 , 0 2 2
J4 ,o1!53F! ,231 J + ,*9 ,0005
S!ikFnCE LEVEL e l ,566 lO,bu3
u4 e1)J535 e2J.2 37e59 ,0005
S u + F i C f . LEJEL hle\UO 10ePh9
3 1 .oi,529 . 2 i j ~ ~ rs u, ,0005
PlJ?b'ACt L S v t l . bOe709 1 1 ,24fi
:I 7 eO(J523 21JU J9t57 ,0005
S I J S F ~ C E LEVEL h?,279 lle72fi
3A .01?517 r 205 jC,11 .UirOS
Q J G F d C F LEVEL 59,P47 12e155
!I a rOUS11 ' ,Z!)S 3'l,hb ,0005
C!.J*FACf LEUEL 5QeUlb 12sSCO
a7 eOCS!'c ,205 LJ,II~ (0005
S:J"FACE LEVEL 54,985 13e1)20
:A 7 e(10475 ,205 (r('ek5 a 0005
j'J4FACF: LEVEL. . 5+,55S 13sU50
. G6 . p011~31 ,206 Ji.30 ,0005
S ~ . J ~ F ~LC E ~ V ~ L5 9 , l Z b 13#@78
3y enfl~9U edob U2,Ol 0005
3:JFFdSt LEVEL 57rh99 lUe50U
65 ,oJ~PTJ ,293 42,05 ,0005
S ~ G F A C EL ~ v F L 57,27b lUe726
a3 e00473 a105 0.2165 ,0 0 0 s
S!JiiFbCE: LEVEL 5aa.8S3 1 5 0l u . 9
US ,o.?u~Q 2 3'3 ~ 3 ~ 0 0 ,0005
3 3 4 F A C E LEVtL SbeU32 1SeSb9
44 afl:Jobb a 21'2 b3eica ,0005
j:J&FAl;E L E V E L She012 15,9?.4
45 eO0~153 tZ'J3 Q3e54 ,0005
34J9FdCE L E v t L 55.591 IbaUOP
1u ,o O ! ~ ~ P @L3u qQeoL
Q'.JEFACF LEVEL 55, 1 7 1 IbeYLP
c I! e ~"i15r: 1262 U-A, 15
S U + F i C E LkVEL 54,752 " 17,207
'J (I ,30u53 t Ldi! u u a 35
'39-FAit L t b b l . 5 q e 33U f?,bk5
:i !I c!ilu!~q eddu ULjeflJ
.Sl.ICFiC.F. L E V F L 53.,91s lavo35
du ,!~K)UU~ e23u d5.37
SUVFlCk, LtVFL 53,499 lrJli109
2 3 ,l~u~l13 ,201 u5 0 27
S.)nFaCiLEViIL 53,OAU 1t?,913
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I( u @'lo039 ,zoa crs,ai

S L I ~ F A G EL E V E L 52r25U 19e7U2
DAMPED U-TUBE MANOMETER PROBLEM OUTPUT (Contin.ued)
TI"f = ,344h11 8 t C O h O 3 PGESSbHE a 50,O PSIA D A T A F O R 'ChAkNEL I

OIRTt'a:CF:
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DAMPED U-TUBE MANOMETER PROBLEM OUTPUT ( C o n t i n u e d l
~ N ? H A L ~ YTkn*Pt:AAIUHE CL'~t811Y
(i3TU?L9) . 10tG*F) (LB/CU-FT)
1 174adO
250.20
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8 -a
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LSS r Z O #fig 57 .*Q
250.20 2 8 1 ,c10 57a68
250.22 291 @ ( i O 57.11
as;,,ri 2111 .00 49,bS
252,lr) Ztl t a60 27091
LS1~r17 rs1.00 10.62
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330.01 2131 1 ePL
07Hahi? 261,OU 047
7bbr4(i! .?dl ,ir3 921
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Il 7 l o f i l Ztlt ,on 12
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117uoo4 ~HI;OIJ a 1-2
1174o9'J 2nt.o~ ;la
1 17Ua54 2 A 1 ,bJ
117?,1lO '29l000 ,la
Df.MPED U-TUBE MANOMETER PROBLEM OUTPUT (Consi nued)
HC I, 21
217,ilum7~
I I-!i,JSh4L
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DAMPED U-TLIBE MANOMETER PROBLEM OUTPUT (Continued)
.
1 : I. .; , TI*$ CUUHA~;T VEL~~CITCYOMPL~LA~S TCTAL
~31r-3 STEP ht~I:~~aii) L'/DX V/DY (b/cr*v~oY) TIME
13 . .03U38 .20l oS,d0

S ~ J ~ F ~L S
E VEF L SlaA59 23a15h
93 .OJU37 a2oi ~ 5 . 5
3UcF4CE LEV~L 51.425 20.576
3 ,01;434 a 202 Oh, $2
3 ! , ! I F d C E LEvEI. 51ai39 23.9hS
23 .1Jc)U30 ,204 09.97
3lJdF.ACE L E V E L 56,595 21 #3qE
,2 3 ,li9u29 .2IJl u6.76
S1J4FACE L E V E L SOelrlU 2 1 ,PC14
s2 ,110b24 ,2G* uh.eY
Sg*F A C E L E L E L 09 7 7 3 22.219
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S ~ J G ' ~ C L E~V E L 03,3b1 22ah31
a3 .'J~IU?~ eagu Ub,?l
S I J L F 4 l : E I,EvF:I. uh ,950 23 . i ! U 2
~1 .0$227 ,200 Ub.J.3
Q@J;'&C?. LfVFL UH,5dd 23.U53
43 eOflUZ7 ,2n1 01,9h
SJL:.iCE LEvtL ~d,125 23.B5a
:r 3 ,0 8 1 U 2 4 ,203 47.55
SlJG'dCE CZ\/EI.. . Ula71,?. 24,27?!
45 a unq22 0292 U7,hS
S t ~ i F d < < LEVEL 37,302 Z!l ,eci!
2 ,OGoza ,2 d 0 i(?,38
3\)4f ACE LEVEL 4ba893 25.0'36
42 .o~u?a ,200 07.U6
J8JiFASE L E v ~ L 4o.udU 25,505
45 a30022 , 1 9 9 07,31
58.~q:a<E LEvFL 40.07u %5a914
13 ,I.lO'JzJ a E'!'! ri7,Zb
SUVFACE L E v ~ L aS06hiJ 2b.32u
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3'JiiF .ALE L E V E L
5uGFdf:E LEVEL
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05.253
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26,730
27,1u5
Ll?,b3
22 ,111J1114 ad112 U+,rJU

3IJiFbtE LEvtL uo,UJZ 27.55~
*2 ,0:10 19 .200 47.07
3 U k F A C t LLVCL 44aOZY' 27.901
u2 ,!IOU20 a 199 07.53
J V ? F A C E LEVEL u3.hi6 2R. J a 7
'1 ,0i102l a lq" U 7 ,3 5
SUkFiCE L E V t L d3a21! 28 ,7 7 5
u3 ,00422 ,199 07 a z u
S8.JriFACE LFVEl. U2,Fi73 29 1 8 2
C2 .d0b23 a I9 9 (17.12
SlJGF LEV'EL u2a3VU 29a591
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SLIYF.ICE I t < F l . U I a 04U 30,1!J;l
&i? .~l1IU?l a ,202 i17.70
3114F ACE LEVEL u 1 ,57h st?, U I I ~
'1 1 ,r)au~l ,200 67a52
9'1hFdC.k CEUCL 4 1 170 sa,a~j
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IY o 47.33
3 I q(lflU~6 199 UhaYU

QV'CbCE LEVFL 3'4,955 32a029
DAMPED U-TUBE MANOMETER PROBLEM OUTPUT (Conti nued
11°C = ,47b%1 S C C U ~ D S P I ~ E S S L ~ mE 50,O PSIA D A T A F O S CHANNEL 2
EhThALPY [email protected]~TL,HE FEN3ITY EtUILo VOID FLOh HASS FLGa

( H rU/LY 1 (UEG-F) (LH/CU-F1) Q L ~ A L I T Y FCACTION (LB/SEC) (FLB/Hh-FlZ)
Ill~,(lO Zc*le(iO ,la 1 ieOLO 6,0309 0.0000
250,ZO e00 57r89 0 000 ,000 72a5805 1,0423
25*),Z') Ztil ,flO 5Ie89 ,000 ' ,000 115,5279 , 1 , 6636
?so.ro 241,iaO 57.89 ,000 ,000 115,516M 1,6055
~SO.%O 2e1,lJO s7,e9 ,0oy ,000 IIY,SOQV 1. b b ~ ~
25r),Z0 ZE 1 ,c0 57eE9 ,000 a000 115a5010 1 abb.52
2SOeZo 261.110 57,'39 ,! 0 P oO00 115.4931 lrhb3l
ZJO,ZG 261 .no 57 ,@9 ,030 .OOO 115,4358 I,btl0
250.20 l?h1,00 91 ae8 ,000 a000 115,b!173 1 abb2b
250.22 Z d l #CO 57ra3 e0OO 8068 114.55QM 1,6490
350e0h 2F1,OO 5OoeU ,000 ,122 IOleYl30 1 ,4603
251 ,'a7 2€,l,i:< 29#@l ,002 ,486 59,4519 ,t\SSd
LSdeJ3 ZdlIOO L1e2O * 008 (808 22*3560 ,3216
275.38 261 ,OO 4 05 a027 e932 8,0716 rllhZ
J.?i?,02 261 ,OU 1 0 46 ' ,078 o 9 77 2,9174 ,.Oh20
455182 261 , G o ,51? @ Zi2A a99J 1,0401 a0150
~~R.SU 2 b 1 ,011 ,a 3 . S I ~ ,490 ,4505 .Oub4
990,13 261,OO t 15 ,801 ,999 * 29 12 eOCb2
lllb*54 261 ,00 a13 ,938 10000 e2UA4 a 0034
1157.97 251 ,O0 r 12 ,983 1,000 ,2367 ,OG14
11(19,70 2b1,OO ,I2 ;995 1,000 ,233~ ,UtiAu
1172*3fl ZEtI ,OO el2 ,999 la000 ,2324 oOU33
1173~73 ze1,(10 ,la 1.000 1.000 ,2520 ,OOS~
ll73.9h 2til;tltJ rl2 !a000 1mOc0 ,2119 ,0033
117U*42 2.51 e00 el2 l*OUU 1.000 ad31Q a0533
DAMPED-U-TUBE WI'iOMETEl? PROBLEM OUTPUT (Continued)
!J 1 ,tiGu27 ,1 9 9 ub,~Z
3 i J ? c 4 ( . E LEVEL 3'7,544 32,'03h
a1 ,C1)02i! ,191 Un.hZ
SJCFJCS LEVEL 3q.13a 32.~05
- i ~ . ,09a2? *'?I) 1 47,ilJ
3 Q G F b C E LE>EL 3*,731 33,250
Uo , ,6Cd2!3 ,200 Ohaq5
S c . ~ n ~ ~ C E C t ~ E3 3L , 3 ? 5 33 0650
20 *09?r29 e 1 917 L O , ii8
S'JUFAC' LEVkL 37,923 54,057
3 '1 ,(!GQ~O c 1qR rib 2 5
SiJxFnCk LEVEL 37,519 JUa'JbO
13 *UilbjS a 1J Y U5aQ6
3 G G ; ~ i t LLVEL 37,115 3 4 , daU
3J 9 J O U 3 5 a 199 OSe72
S<JKFACE LkrEL 33,711) 35.2i8
3Q n v t ~ j 7 144 US.SZ
S . l + ' J i F : LEVEL 3ha305 55a673
39 .Oil037 *to1 U5,ii.
3,JrFJCE LEVEL 3SaF99 3t,U79
i .? .CljU36 *21)t 'r 5 ,9'7
52-FnC E L E q E L 3 5 , ui*5 3 6 ,U82
!1 a Oou3@ o.198 . 05.41
B J ~ F A C EL E V E L 35, 0'40 3b,8F3
S7 0!!1ruZ ,1 9 7 UU,QU
S ~ ~ ~ F J LEVEL C E 34,693 37,iku
51 *00UUll sl9Q u~;dl
S a J ? F i r . 5 LEVEL 3d.291 37 6 8 0
57 ,f l i l u u 7 0 197 q u au 2
~ ; J U P ~L ~ E VE E L ss,riae 35 948
Ib ' *OOu50 ,197 4~,11
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S U ~ F A C EL E V t L
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3 d R F A i E LEVEL '52,2Y1 3'4 g b 9 3
:t u ,0tiu57 r 19k u3.36
3 5 4 p J C E LEVEL 31,882 UO,091
5U aO'J~b1 a 1qh U2,QCI
3tIGFJCk LEVEL 31,UbZ JG*<Ji
33 aOfJa64 r 197 Ui!,tll
SU%FbCL LEVEL 31gOdZ UOa4q1
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33 ,06u70 6 198 Ul,J4
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32 ,1)!?U70 e230 42,Sq
31j.*Fhf;E L E V t L 29,650 JZ*!i41
31 a 01'117 3 ,194 U%,i!5
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31 ,o(ioir! ,196 41.37
S u h F 3 r E LEVEL Z Q , O ~ ~ a2,aa3
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P1J.?FJ.CE.LEVt'L. .2.8*hYl ,25a279
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DAMPED'U-TUBE MANOMETER PROBLEM OUTPUT (Continued)
llrk 't ,61081 SkCt!:.OY Pi-fESSLHE a 5a,0 PS1h 0 4 1 1 FOE CHANNEL 1
31:~Tr'-Ct IkrPtHATLtdE ICEIJSI~Y @CUILa VClO FLOW r A S S FLLx kt~CCI1y bntn

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CAT& *wr E X P L I C I T SCLUTION',,,.
? P. ,g00q7 ,197 39,39

S l ~ d F i C c LEVEL 27a495 OU0073
29 ,!)??qd ,199 UO ,i)9
3'JWF:CE LkVEL 27,097 44*870
27 ,O:!SCll 0 198 39.67
3:J2'ACF L Z Q E C 25a793, 45r26U
27 ,0;!5"@ ,1'5 ~ 8 ~ ~ 0
S:JdDA!:E LEVEL 2br311 a 5 ,656
2b oflO5.15 m194 4'3020
jL'*Fd:F LCvkC ' 2 9 - 9 17 YholiUA
25 .OC523 , 194 37,s7
SlJ.%F:CE LEVEL E5*523 QhaUUj
25 .uOSJO 0 i p s 37~21
JI.I$FJSE L C L ~ L 25.127 oh.83~
/S ,0093t ,19h 36,88
S U d F A C E LEVEL 2S0730 U7a23U
2a ,dn53e r 199 37,~J
7'JdFdCE L F V t L 2r.335 17.h29
23 ,0 c fj!I 1 3h.75
3 ' J . Y ACE. LELCL 2 3 , Y U j * q8Ug, 0 2 0
23 .IIOSUC .19Q 3SmA7
:!j+r::k L ~ . Q / + L 23.55U ?lE o ~ O E
22 001:;5b3 ,193 35,07
Q:J,:F'LCF L E v ~ L 23~165 Uh07qh
.? 2 odC57U 193 JumU2 ,
EVdFACE L i r k ~ 22.775 b V , 165
r'l m fl.>?t! I .I93 33.79
' U g F i C E LEVEL 2F!m18U 49.57h
.J 11 a 035Q1 ,193 . 33.20
3lJnFQCE LEVEL 21 m9Q2 uqm907
. Zn .01!596 , 197 33,20
S ~ J R F ~ CLEE V E L 2 1 .h00 5 5 ,358
19 • I) (.I h 1.1 O o 198 33.18
$ l J d F b i t LEVE1. 21 ,212 50,746
19 .oc!?lo ,193 32,17
3 u + = i f , E L.EVF.L 20.828 5 1 a 12Li
lc oL)1)b25 a 191 51.23
~ i ~ ; . = i t EL E V E L 211 .'UUb 51 050.9
1R ,i) !I b IJ 3 198) 5O,U6
SUiFdCF LEVEk 23m?h3 51*992
17 ,00646 r 199 2Qa71 .
3 9 A F i C E LEVEL 19,679 52,275
17 ,OCb73 ,iqa ;IJ,O~
3 U J F A C E LCVEL 19,2YU SLmb5Y
17 .ll116l!7 192 2'05U
3 ! l i F i 1 : t LLqJcl- 15.FltJ 53.032
!o ,1!1;6qt ,!Q 5 2ii,:!Y
f i j 4 F .ALE ~ t . v E k lS0527 530W3
IS .Oc710 * 192 27.97
. ~ . J ? ~ Z LC E~ v ~ I - !eels1 53*7'44
15 ,110732 a 188 Z i , qd
,, I F & C E i k v E L
.:lo'. 17m I . / # S'Jmlll
15 .nti757 a 187 25.50
S!J%FJCE L t V t L 17oa:)h Sor5b2
!5 .1)079U 0 166 24,hl
SU:;F,ACF 1-EVEL 17,fiSJ 511,q13
1 J m f l : l . k l3 a ldb 23,hY
3V4P b C t LkvCL 16rhl93 ' ~ t3L 5 J
l o .onaos , 1@s 22,70
3.j;PbCE LEU~L l(Jm2VU '55 0 h 5 Z
DAMPED U-TUBE PANOMETER PROBLEM OUTPUT (Continued)
D A T A FOR CHANNEL 1
T E @ f ' t e b T1.Hti CENSI 1 Y a bCIC

I:LV.G.F ,(LH/CU=FI r ~ o A L 1 T r F ~ ; A C II O N
Z&l.bO iZ . . ,,,,
I. V V V i,OCi;
Z81ek0 57a89 ,000 ,000
%i!leGO 57,C9 ,000 eooo
zc1,co si.eo .ooo ,000
. Z ~ ,(I0l 5 1 689 ,000 a000
2dtaC0 57eC4 a 0 0.0 oOC0
261,110 57089 ,000 a000
28 1 .(.o
2n1,oo
2Hl,(!O
5ier9
57,es
57a89
.
,000
000
,000
,000
,ouo
,000
2tileGir 57.89 aOI)~ ,030
{ d l ,il0 s7,aq ,oou ,000
2 6 1 .OO 57a89 ,000 a000
2 8 1 ,Lit 57ah9 ,000 ,000
2 h i ,170 sl,es ,Uo(! a000
? A 1 ,1.00 5 7 0e9 ,000 ,000
2~ 1 ,( ! u 5 1 06'4 a0OU a000
2 4 1 ,LIU 57eH5 ,TI 0 u e001
2 6 1. ( 1 0 52079 ,000 ,080
cni,oo zuell ,003 ,st4
2 6 1 ,1:5 8eU8 ,612 ;ess
2'31 ,1!0 Za95 eoJb ,951
281 O b i ) !eOJ ,112 ,964
Lbl,iru 15 .A32 r90b
.-
s
d~la~'c) e lS ,770 ,994
DAMPED U-TUBE MANOMETER PROBLEM OUTPUT (Cont in u 4
DAMPED U-TUBE MANOMETER PROBLEM OUTPUT ( C o n t i n u e d )
*;. I
TI*f: COu44~1 V E L L C I T Y COpPChEhTS TCTAL
rslts Y TE? YUH~EQ li/!?x v/ 0 (b/cx+r/oY) TlrE
111 rQUJP1 * 164 21 a76

SlJ2FaCE LEVEL 15192b 5ha019
I3 ,(?L!917 , !%!! 1 1 1 ,u?
t 4 ~ % ~ 4 CL E V E L 15,562 5c.391
13 ,O:)Q55 ,! 3 i i 2 I? 1 (I 5
3,J'iFti:E LC, VKL 15,203 56,73q
!2 ,0101?r! ,1 7 9 1PI7O
jdhF'act L e v t i 1Qra51 57r?91
i :$ aOlC65 r l?9 17,72
3:JSFiCE L E V ~ L 14nSO~ 57rU37
14 ,01131 ,177 16,59
3 ' J H . F a C E LEVEL lUnlb5' 47e77.h
!S . ,i112\h 172 15e2.2
S!JSC LF "EL 1 ~ ~ ~ 1 3 578 , 1 0 4
IS *0.13?! ,168 13afi2
j94Fhi:E b E v i ~ 15,521 5s ,220
11 10 1 3 5 t ,153 Ida31
SJ*F:~E C E V ~ L 15.221 58,720
!d .Ulhlb l 159 I!'lbhb
~ , J + bF! : t L E V E L 1i?b9J11 . 5i,997
S7 ,1)1822 a 155 8.92
S.I~FC!:< L C V ~ L 12,702, 59,ZUO
2 .,: I! ,421223 r 146 7 ,1.) 1
9 1.xsar6 L E V [ \
?.;a ,02n~o
12,513
126 .
~ 9 . ~ 2 8
5,10
Q,J:tF A C E L ~ v ~ L 1
I I . ozn25
S I J L ~ F A I L' ~ ~ V ~ L ILrUOS
'
,092
59.532
59,531
3.04
7 'j aO232t ,111 4.50

3.JqFAfE LEVEL 12a510 59.4lF
r; 7 ,J2c127 153 pa25
J j d r b C E LEVEL 12,716 59.202
I :'. n .nlvs7 ,208 9 ,'I?
Q::JFA:E LF_V.EL 13.031 5C , 0 8 5
-j9 o 1752 ,253 1n.n
.3u<F;CF LEVEL 13,l137 58.U77
a6 ri~1528 t 259 lZlaS
S.J%FAiF. L ~ V F L 15.867 S8,QUU
'> 4! 8111357 250 14,:12
31J;iFkLF. Ltrltl.. 1UeZqS 57,611
ri .ul231 1au1 15,Qi
3JaG b C E LEVEL 10,718 57,1!?6
5 *0'113& a233 17.56
QUGF L L E L k V E 1- 15.13U 54e7h8
: 7
! *l)tl!h(! 0 225 lfi,~r)
39rF4iK LtVEL 1Se5U5 s b I3 5 5
.S .nlu!u ,221 19,?5
~ , J . ? F c T F LEVEL 15,954 S5a9uU
c; j ,n:\q10 ,219 z<!, 1 5
~,JI;F Lt v~.L IhrJo3 55.53u
': J *OI.!Q~~ ,215 iUa3b
J ' J ~ G ~ ( ~~ E k v t ~ 1 6 , 7 7 i ? 55r12U
!; q * (l.lll#:lq (21 3 211,hP
SJ*F?CE LEUEL 17,181 5br713
3 1) ,01;q7!! ,212 Zl*?Z
3 i J G i i i E LEVEL 17,592 SUt3Ul
:; n ,~)'!q~t ,210 22,j!l
J'J.?, "'. i L.6. . ! L, b i . # V ' 4 - I d A u ' 3 ;' ,.
cj 1- ,00836 ;a09 2 3 ~ ~ ~ 9
' "
?J,J<FICE LE~F,L l@,U19 53,173

DAMPIED U-TUBE MFIOMETER PROBLEM OUTPUT (Cor t i nued)
r I o 4 Es 1,19171 SECC~DY Prt'S:+;IWF, o 5 0 , o .pa11 D A T A FOG CNANNCL 1
FLOU MA33 FLUX VELCCITY

(LB/SEC) (hbU/HHrFlZ) (k T/SEC)
Oa60O0 0,OObO OeOUOO
2ea235d @LlObb lo9510
5813421 a8401 4.,03l2
58,341d ,6401 QaOJJt,
5Lla33b7 *8~00 be(i30S
5a.0702 .~lbi! 4,o~nlr
U305137 ,b 2 b b 4,0302
lSo73b7 ,2266 4,0400
Sa4Z1?b ,0761 4,0297
lw80lb . ,0259 4,~290
,5917 m0065 4,0272
.a020 ,ol!2c 4,(.22S
a1318 .oC;lO U,OISO
,1 1 9 9 0Ul.7 4,11087
.I179 ,0d17 U.UCI~,?
01174 rO"l7 3,9'ibi!
all72 ' ,0017 ' 3eYFlQ
a 1 178) -a0017 3,FtlhJ
cllbv a0017 304~2U
ill69 .Oil17 3,4791
.,I 1 4 7 ,0017 . 3,'47bS
m.1 l h ? .0017 3.970b
o.I l b 7 ,0017 3.9733
.lib) ,0017 3,9'IZb
*.l l b 9 a0017 $*472b
DAMPED U-TUBE MANOMETER PROBLEM OUTPUT (Cont i nued
1I:'E 1 t r l q l 7 l . SkCOh[)S P ~ k S Y l i ~aE , 50,0 PSIA DATA FOR CHANNEL 2
ENTHALPY
(HllJ/L9)
I 174,ni)
23r1,2n
(?50,20
<50,20
253820
251J,20
250, lo.
250.1Q
259.19
250,ZO
250.20
2so.20 .
250,2U
25UoZO
250,zO
250 20
250 022
253.52
C51.1~0
25.9a 5 2
360sSR
977.07
Ill'Ja00
I 17i1rSr)
117Uebl'
DAMPED U-TUBE MANOMETER PROBLEM OUTPUT (continued)
oarA F R C * 'XDLIC[T SLLUTIO~~,,.,
JJ b .il!lRiq a209 23,hB

Q*!<FpCE LEVEL 1S.634 530'056
-d ,00t)cj oZ06 24.23
S 3 r F a C k I.EVEL 19.252 52.633
.L 7 r C0799 0297 211.79
$J*FACE LEVEL 19ak70 5%r211!
2 7 .!)U776 0 2 ' )7 25 0 S d
S , J A C A C ~C E ~ E L 2d.071 51.707
J o .n57c?5 rZO* Zb.28
9!J*Fi!.;& LEVEL $0.513 5 1 .37&
1b .Oi1754 0206 2h 0 76
SJiF:tE L E ~ ~ I - 2!).$3h 50.95C
'; 7 0 06702 oE117 27.33
S , ! i F i c i LkqEI. 2 1 0500 5J.525
s7 .up734 ,204 . 27.o2
StJ4CACE LEbkL 2 1 .7HS SO, 1 0 0
7 oOU7.26 020U 27.73
.
;
~ ! J ? F : \ C E L k V=L 22.211. 40ob74
49 .uo714 .a04 28 09
S 1 J i F 4 C F LEVEL 22.638 ~ 9 02116
27 001)795 ,208 Zh.8d
3iJ*F A C E L E V E L 23.0b6 ~8.a17
; 5 ,:!rlh90 ,209 2q.66
~ u ~ G . I C F C5UE!. 23.091 uP,.3q1
; 'j a113hC12 0205 29.67
~ ~ . J * F A C LEE v < L 23.911 U?.971
LI cj ,1:fi670 ,205 33;irl
SU.+FACF L E v c L ZU.330 07.551
. j .fi)Oh70 ,203 39,Ob
S ! J ~ F ' A C EL E V E L 2U07U9 07.132
44 00Obhb 0202 '39,ZL
j1.J$iciE LEVEL .25.1b8 b6a712
'i4 00flhhZ 0202 3:).Ul
3UGFACE LEVEL 25.598 lJb02Q2
a5 ' .iJI!b52 ,rob 31.10
SIJGFACE LEVEL ' 26,?0B 115.871
33 r UOhuO .a@A 31 .au
SIJHFACE L t v k L 26,025 45. U53
ti 3 o'JOh5h oL"J2 31.42
SUGk A C E 'LEbEL %o.e37 u'5.0Crl .
.'r3 . .01!b35 0 21) 1 31.50
S1JkFpT.E LEVEL 27.2d8, ::&.hill
LJ m .I)Gh3S .20 1 31.h2
SUSFdtE L E V E L 27.bh0 UUa217
2 11 000632 0201 31.70
SUFFJCk L E V E L ZPoC7U &30i?03
rt ir *ll(!b!l .291 3.! # 77
S1.JMFACE LEVkl. 2*.ui(8 U3a.3R!4
2u 000h27 0263 32.11
JiJsFICE C E V ' L 2!!,93,? 02,975
" J .l1iae!p ,i l i h 32.*'5
SbUF A C E I t v ? ~ 29,315 ~~,SOII
,!
S ~ S F A C EL E ~ E L
2 1
.OOhlU
.\J?b 1 d
2s. 72.3
0203
.2cIO
.
42 l 5 c
32.22
32.54
S!JkFACE. LEVEL
.-..' 3J
., - C L . -.
;qnhi3
30.129
a'.*=.
. 198
4
Ula7U5
-. *
32.43
..
u3 ~Jfiblb 199 3i?ouO
S~JQFACF. L E V ~ L 3 a . u ~ ~ uoa'92q
T 'a 1;S9932 SkCGhCS ORLSSLV~: a 50.0 PSI& Oblb FOR C V A K N E L 1
VOID
FliACTION
0,000
0;ooo
0.000
OaOOO
oaouo
0.000
OaOOO
OaOOO
eooo
a009
199
,660
,679,
,957
,986
1996
.9F9
1 a000
1 a000
1 aouo
i, 0 0 0
I,OOO
1 a000
1.000
l a000
C*4*rP.EL YtSlILT3
CASE 1 IS;IlnEfi!*&L Cl-Tt;t)E ?dAl ~JI;ETER DEVCh,$TRbT I O N OAIk 04/22/76 0 Tlfik 12,1~,31 1
TIpC l a 3 9 0 3 2 SECOt*nS PhESSLRE a 50.0 PSI4 OPIA'FOK CHANNEL Z

DAMPED U-TUBE MP.KOMETER PROBLEM OUTPUT ( C o n t i nuld )
CAT4 FQCr EXPLICIT S C L U T I C N ; ~ *
\Ilia TI~"F C O 1 J 2 a r d1 V C L P C I T Y COPPCNEATS 7CT AL
TJ!ES . 3TtD NU"4EY U/Dx V/@Y (b/CX+V/OY) TIPE
!;L . ,an~hl7 ,199 J2*55

3UqF2T.F' L E V E L 3 1 e35.3 Ur).slo
03 ,00h18 ,109 32.31
SUCFACC LEVEI. 31 a 7 3 3 UOe109
2 ? , O ~ ~ jS ! tl@J 3ZodV
3 U S F i C t LEVEL j2.17~. $q,not!
21 a 09b07 ..a 0 u 13.28
?ii?F.arC LEVEL 3 2 e 580 3 9 a2Q'l
;r 0 e 97hb?4 e 199 32.46
SIJIFICE
;.
9U4FbC.C L E V E L
1
LElvEL
.
' ? 3 ht L
32.963
33.385
0 198
38.5~~
$9e~*h
32.53
i~1 eD1'414 ,199 3's 3 9
~ U U F A T EL E V E L 33,739 J2aOA1
-11 ,05617 a 139 322“
S ! J ~ ~ ~L EC VEE L 3u.194 37,676
31 eOJh?O a19h ' 3 2 0 10
3U;FACF LEvkL 34*600 57 . 2 ? 0

i0 8 OOh20 *230 32.30
5JSF.iCE L E V E L 35.007 36
A9 ,flOb!~ e2JS ??.,a2
3iJJFaLFI L t VEL .35eO 1 2 Jh.a57
>3 .0;!5lU . ,200 32.56
SIJVFACE L E V E L ' 3 5 ~ ~ 1 2 36.056
54 a 01'5 1 q a 197 JZ*'.'7 .
QI!FACi: LEVEL . 3a.210 35.65t.
59 m OOb2U e 197 31.75
3 ' J q F A C E LEVEL 3h.410 35 a258
53 *OO629 a lq7 51.51
S!J&F&CE L E V E L . 37.011 31r.ast
$9 .oljb3s ,197 3 1 .zv
S0.JSFAcE LEVEL 37.U13 34 a u54
59 a006J9 r 199 .31.10
3!J*F J C E L E V E L 37.816 314 . 0 5 0
37 .00537 a201 51.53
QU?FACE LEVEL 3E.210 33,h4?
3 tr a 03630 a2111 5 1 eb3
9IJ;IFACE L E V E L 1RahlH '33*%11'7
3b md9bUo r 197 31.02
S t J H 6 ~ C : EL L V E L 39.013 32*E52
3S e ~ ~ h ~ e 81 9 5 33.50 '
9UqFACE L E V E L 39 0 408 5 2 . US?

-C t,
S U Q ~ A C ELEVEL
35
,go655
a 036*3
39.805
e 195
e lf45
32 059 .
30.17
20.83
' S I J ~ F L C E LEVEL UO.ZOS 3l.hhl
35 mil0670 e 175 29.39
3 0 4 F i C F LEV.EL OiJ,hOZ J l rZh2
S LA .00673 a 199 21.03
SllsF&CF:LEvEL ol,(ii~l 3 n ,Hh+?
33 .OOh70 .202 2 0 ,?b
3USF i f E LEVEL ul13Q4 3 0 a bhS
32 aOo67b ,197 29.36
s u ~ r ~ rL EE V E L
3 ;,
SURFACE L t V E L
.onbe5
s i @7hu
bL,l7R
,
195
30,074
Z91bfiU
26e91
.-
'
32 aOflh'77 e 103 2'3e22

Y I I I I --.l ...C -...r- r -..-.-
3.2 ,007na . 1 ~ 5' 27.77 '
3I.JhC?.CE L E V k L 42b'?h0 28.0'?2

DAMPED U-TUBE MANOMETZR PROBLEM OUTPUT (Continued)
DATE 0'4/22/7b O TlHL AZal(ja40 1
F Q f i CHANNEL 1
T[I?E P l r S 0 0 1 5 3ECOk1)S PRtSSL'it. = SOeO P S I A bArA FOR CHANNEL Z

,OELT~-P TC.*f'Ehlr TUUE CENSITY FCUILn
(PSI 1 . (!)kc-F) (LH/CU-F1) QUALITY
1.sobs 2ijlr03 ,iZ 1 . l ) ~ ~
1 e3Ue.l ~i11.00. 57.e9 0.000
1.0915 241 ,oo 57,e9 ,003
*cilZo Z81,9~ 57eP9 ,000
,7~a9 2L:Ieti0 57189 mO00
ehSlO 2 n 1 .uo 57 ,ee ;0 0 0
,szos 2$1.1*0 57.85 ,000
,11114 1 2Hl,ilO 57,bb ,000
,29i J ?pl,(lO 5h,73 ,000
.~n?.s % a t ,00 52.22 .ooo
.lZiO 281,i:O Jselb a00 1
.it217 2e1,co 8.11 .012
,dP116 2 a 1 ,oci ,el ,1 u a
.nn~i 2 n l ,ti0 ,13 , Qjd
.0 07.Q ?d1*(1U (12 1.0oll
.!10i)h 2 6 1 ,C.b el2 lrOOO
.(I023 2els13 ,l? l,(lr)O
eO(r2l ?dl e lh el2 lr01)0
,POlic 2Elelb 1 \eOOO
.onth 26lell b i z 1 .OOU
.OOIJ ZbI.t:S a12 1e0ou
,0010 rai,llo ,12 1,coo
,on08 281.60 n12 t,DOO
.00nS zat,oo ,12 1.000
,nr1n3 ' 2 6 1 .O0 r12 1,01)0
CASE , 1 ISfllhERI.l4L U-lURE r:At:llHtTEW OErUNSTHATION

3 ~ b7r r r ~ E X P L T C I T s r L b T I a N . , , ,
,\; G , TIFF: C O U R A ~IJ VEL~CITY COPPOREhTS VOLUME

T Q ? ~ s STEP l ~ ~ " ~LIIIX~ d v/or (u/cx+v/oYl ERROR
.3 1 ,0?720 193 27.32 *0005.

SiJGF:iCELEVtL 03*352 28a509
.( 1 ,:1!)750 ,IQ 0 ? 7 ; n? ,O O O U
S\JGFAC'F LEVEL. uJ,7Uh 28,115
5 ') o37.SZ -190 27,23 ,000u
JI.J?FoCF LEVkL 04.139 27.722
r") ,90736 a 198 27,OJ a0004
S l I 4 F l i f LEVFL 1 . 6 27, 330
2J ,i!0750 193 2h,29 ,0004
3 l J i F d C E LEVEL 0 ~ ~ 9 0 9'2b.951
27 .on7k5 ,I9 2 25.hl a 0005
S I J r F 6 C . F LEVEL lJ5.292 c?h,Shd
2 7 . ,dC7U3 .19t 2'1.q3 0004
SUhFbCE LEVFL CSab75 26,134
?7 ,01!402 ,191 24.36 ,0004
S U ~ F . ~ L LFE V E L
'. I
~ I J ~ :.F ALEVF.L ~
, no42 1
uk.059
rle,il4u
.
191
25.e40
25,415
23.?7 ,000u
25 . 109FSU ,IOU 23.59 ,0004

3 U c g n C F . LEVEL 0b.829 25,03.0
i5 ,n3duo ,197 23.hZ ,OOOU
!3lJ&r~r.ELEVEL u7.210, 23,bi~R
27 ,30857 ,192 22.87 ,000u
3 I J . G F A C E LEVEL .~7,560 2U.27U
Z4 ,b'lRBU ,188 2 ! ,"I ,O O O U
S U i F A G S CCVEL U7.450 23.9OU
3 .a017915 ,187 21.12 ',OOOU
3U4FAC.5 L E V E L 09,325 23.533
2? a OOqd5 a 187 20,118 *00ou
SIJ.;.~ ~ L ELEVEL U A .6qS 2 3 . lS2
22 ,OOOHO ,155 lQ*hS ,000ra
3 c r q ~ e c . = LEV.EL u9,ohu zz,79u
21 *0101q r 1 .PS l.?.iS
SU:.'c&C5 LEL.EL Uq,U31 22ai2b
?? 1 ,Olfl52 ,
Id9 ld,riu
SIJ4;aCE LEVEL 09,797 ?,?,oh1
?3 e 01078 8 190 19.08
SlJRF4CE LEVEL '5beISb 21,702
10 ,01121 ,185 17813
3UaFACE LEVEL Scl*SOS 21 0355
19 ,01185 179 15.03
9 1 1 4 ~ 4L E ~ V~ E L SC.PU~ ZI # o 1 2
19 ,OIELIJ ,175 12.79
S U * f ' A C E LEVEL 51,195 ZOeb70 .
15 a 3 1354 a 173 ll,7l
$I~&FLCELEVE.L Str51U 20a3US
17 ,!~i~c.a ,170 12~5%
31J4F A C E L E V E L 51 a838 20,623
1a ,C 1 4 9 5 ali7 1 1 ,UiJ
S U i c ' l C E CEVFC 52.1Ud ,19,713
S :I ,0 1 7 4 0 ,lbl ldall
SiJ-F.!aCk L",lLL 52.012 19.421
155 ,r) t q 7 U ,1 5 9 .5,58
9Uk'FaCE LEVEL 52,713 19015J
2r!0 m 02072 ,152 7.13
"SU;~F~CE LE~'t.C 52a957 leeQE5
2 0 *fl21)7U ,132 Sea2
GU-C MLG bL I L L 3 J O V 7 0 LO# I D 0
1n 5 aOZ@Ts ,105 dabQ

3 ; J q r A C E . LEVEL 53,1716 l!'ah8fi
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Cobra-Iv-I: Thermal-Hydraulic Nuclear: Cobra of Bundle Fuel and Cores

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COBRA-IV-I: An Interim

Version of COBRA for

Prepared for the Energy Research

Pacific Northwest Lab(zratorics

This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an

Portions of this document may be illegible in

COBRA-IV-I: AN INTERIM VERSION OF COBRA

PORTIO" QF T H I S S P O R T ARE ILLEGIBLE. It

sponsored by the Uniled Stales Covcmmcnt. Neither

C.. L. Wheeler lhcu empbycu, nor any of lheu mntmctors.

nD;ISTRIBUTI.ON OF THl S DOCUMENT :ISU,NlLl '!TED!

2.1 EXPANDED COBRA CAPABILITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

. 2.2 ADVANCEDNUMERICAL CAPABILITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

3.0 CONSERVATION EQUATIONS AND NUMERICAL SOLUTION ALGORITHMS

3.1 BASIC EQUATIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

3.2 IMPLICIT NUMERICAL SOLUTION . . . . . . . . . . ., . 10

3.3 EXPLICIT NUMERICAL SOLUTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

4.0 THERMAL TRANSPORT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

4.1 FUEL ROD HEAT TRANSFER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

4.2 HEAT TRANSFER THROUGH CONDUCTING WALLS . . . . . . . . . . . 24

4.3 . COOLANT AXIAL CONDUCTION MODEL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 ..

. 5.0 CONSTITUTIVE RELATIONSHIPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

6.0 PROGRAM DESCRIPTION ....................... 29

. 6.2 LARGE BUNDLECAPABILITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

6.2.1 A l l o c a t i o n and Compac.tion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

6.3 USER CONVENIENCE FEkTURES .................. 35

6.4 MACHINE REQUIREMENTS . .................... 37

7.0 COBRA I N P U T D E S C R I P T I O N . . ................... 39

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . . .... . . ................... 81

REFERENCES . . . . . .... . . ................... 83

APPENDIX A . . . . . 6... . . ................... A-1

APPENDIX B . . . . . .... . . ................... B-1

Conservation C e l l s f o r Mass, Energy, and Momentum

Fuel Rod Noding Using Orthogonal C o l l o c a t i o n

S i n g l e Node Model o f Conducting Wall

Subroutine RESTRT A v a i l a b l e Code Options

Subroutine SCHEME Ca1,culation Procedure

Subroutine XSCHEME Computational Procedure

Transverse Momentum F l u x Geometry

Example o f Gap D i r e c t i o n Angles

Samples of GEOM Rod and Channel Numbering Scheme

D e f i n i t i o n o f Wrap S t a r t i n g Angle and R o t a t i o n D i r e c t i o n

Subchannel Layout and Wire Wrap P o s i t i o n s Looking i n t h e

Geometry o f Thermal Model Sample Problem

U-Tube Manometer Model

1 Major Assumptions and R e s t r i c t i o n s

B- 1 Heat T r a n s f e r and C r i t i c a l Heat F l u x C o r r e l a t i o n s

' D-1 L i s t i n g of SPECSET F i x e d I n p u t

The objective of t h i s report i s t o present an interim version of the

through heat t r a n s f e r c o e f f i c i e n t s . The use of the computational c e l l

S i g n i f i c a n t new c a p a b i l i t y has been added t o COBRA s i n c e t h e p u b l i c a -

t i o n o f COBRA-IIIC. These c a n , b e grouped i n t o two p r i m a r y areas.

2.1 EXPANDED COBRA CAPABILITY

Very l a r g e bundles such as a f u l l 217-pin wire-wrapped bundle

The subchannel l a y o u t and c a r d i n p u t f o r wire-wrapped bundles

The program s i z e c a p a b i l i t y i s e a s i l y changed by u s i n g an

Core a n a l y s i s problems can now c o n s i d e r a t h e r m a l l y c o n d u c t i n g

The f u e l r o d h e a t c o n d u c t i o n model now i n c l u d e s a x i a l c o n d u c t i o n

2.2 ADVANCED NUMERICAL CAPABILITY