Calculus WIs

Lecture 4 derivatives

(𝑥 𝑝 )′ = 𝑝𝑥 𝑝−1 , 𝑝∈𝑅
1 1 1
(ln 𝑥)′ = , (log 𝑎 𝑥)′ =
𝑥 𝑥 ln 𝑎
(𝑒 𝑥 )′ = 𝑒 𝑥 , (𝑎 𝑥 )′ = 𝑎 𝑥 ⋅ ln 𝑎
1
(sin 𝑥)′ = cos 𝑥 , (cos 𝑥)′ = − sin 𝑥 , tan 𝑥 =
cos2 𝑥
1 −1
(𝑎𝑟𝑐 sin 𝑥)′ = , (𝑎𝑟𝑐 cos 𝑥)′ = ,
√1 − 𝑥 2 √1 − 𝑥 2
1 −1
(𝑎𝑟𝑐 tan 𝑥)′ = , (𝑎𝑟𝑐 cot 𝑥)′ =
1 + 𝑥2 1 + 𝑥2

1. (𝑐𝑓 ′ ) = 𝑐𝑓 ′ , (𝑓 ± 𝑔)′ = 𝑓 ′ ± 𝑔′

2. (𝑓 ⋅ 𝑔)′ = 𝑓 ′ 𝑔 + 𝑓𝑔′ 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡 𝑅𝑢𝑙𝑒

𝑓 ′ 𝑓′𝑔 − 𝑓𝑔′
3. ( ) = 𝑄𝑢𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑅𝑢𝑙𝑒
𝑔 𝑔2
′
4. ( 𝑓(𝑦(𝑥)) ) = 𝑓 ′ (𝑦) ⋅ 𝑦 ′ (𝑥) 𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑅𝑢𝑙𝑒
′′ (𝑥) ′ (𝑥))′ 𝑛 (𝑥) ′
5. 𝑓 = (𝑓 , 𝑓 = ( 𝑓 𝑛−1 (𝑥)) 𝑛 − 𝑡ℎ 𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒

The equation of a line tangent to f (x) at (x0, f (x0))

𝒚 = 𝒇(𝒙𝟎 ) + 𝒇′(𝒙𝟎 )(𝒙 − 𝒙𝟎 )

𝜋
sin(𝑥)−sin( )
7
0. 𝑎) lim𝜋 𝜋 = 𝑎. Find 𝑎 ∈ 𝑅.
𝑥→ 𝑥−
7 7
𝑓(𝑥)−3
b) Suppose that 𝑥0 = 1 belongs to the domain of 𝑓(𝑥). If lim = 3, find 𝑓 ′ (1).
𝑥→1 𝑥−1
MCQ
c) Suppose that the functions 𝑓(𝑥) and 𝑔(𝑥) and their derivatives have the following values
at the given values of 𝑥. What is the value of the derivative of the function ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑦(𝑥))
at 𝑥 = 3?
𝑥 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑓′(𝑥) 𝑦(𝑥) 𝑦 ′ (𝑥)
3 1 6 4 5
4 -3 5 3 -5
5 2 -1 3 2
′ (3) ′ (3) ′ (3)
𝑎. ℎ = −1 𝑏. ℎ = 25 𝑐. ℎ = 6 𝑑. 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑢𝑔ℎ 𝑑𝑎𝑡𝑎

1. Calculate the following simple derivatives (straight from the ‘Table’, no Rules)
𝑎) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 4 derivative x^4 or ( x^4 )' or d/dx (x^4)
 4
𝑏) 𝑓(𝑥) = 7 𝑐) 𝑔(𝑠) = 3𝑠 𝑑) ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑥 −7 𝑒) 𝑓(𝑡) = √𝑡 𝑓) 𝑔(𝑥) = √𝑥

3 1 1 1
𝑔) 𝑓(𝑥) = √𝑥 4 ℎ) 𝑓(𝑦) = 𝑖) 𝑓(𝑦) = 𝑗) 𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑦 𝑥3 3
√𝑥 2

𝑎 𝑥4
𝑘) 𝑓(𝑎) = 8 𝑙) ℎ(𝑥) = 3 .
𝑎 √𝑥 8

2. Find the derivatives of the following functions. Verify the solutions by Wolfram Alpha:
To find the derivative (𝑥 4 )′ write: derivative x^4 or ( x^4 )' or d/dx (x^4)

ln 𝑡 1
𝑎) 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 5 + sin 𝑥)(𝑥 + 1) 𝑏) 𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑐) 𝑓(𝑧) =
𝑒𝑡 3
√2𝑧 + 𝑧 2
1
𝑑) 𝑓(𝛼) = 3
√2𝛼 + 𝑥𝛼 2

3 3 𝑦 𝜋
𝑒) 𝑓(𝑥) = ln(𝑥 3 + cos 𝑥) 𝑓) 𝑓(𝑧) = (1 + √𝑧) 𝑔) 𝑓(𝑦) = 5 tg + tg
5 8

1 − ln 𝑥 sin 3𝑡
ℎ) 𝑓(𝑥) = √𝑥 + √𝑥 + √𝑥 𝑖) 𝑦 = sin2 ( ) 𝑗) 𝑓(𝑡) =
𝑥 2 sin2 𝑡 cos 𝑡

1 𝑒2𝑏 − √𝑏2 + 2𝑏
𝑙) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑒sin 𝑥
2 +ln 𝑥+1
𝑘) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑒𝑥 𝑚) 𝑓(𝑏) =
√𝑥 ln (𝑏3 + sin 𝑏)

3*. Find the derivatives of [hint: use the equality x = e ln x ]

a) 𝑦 = 𝑥 𝑥 b) 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 𝑥 c) 𝑦 = 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 d) 𝑦 = 𝑙𝑛(𝑥)ln 𝑥

1
e) 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝑥)𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑥 𝑒 2𝑥 f) 𝑓(𝑦) = (cos 𝑦) 𝑦

𝑑2 𝑦
4. Find 𝑦" (𝑖. 𝑒. ) for
𝑑𝑦 2
2) 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥
𝑎) 𝑦 = 𝑥√1 + 𝑥 2 𝑏) 𝑦 = 𝑒 (−𝑥 𝑐) 𝑦 =
√1 − 𝑥 2
𝑑2 𝑦
5. Let f (x) be two times differentiable. Find 𝑦′′ (or ) for
𝑑𝑥 2
1
𝑎) 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥 2 ) 𝑏) 𝑦 = 𝑓 ( ) 𝑐) 𝑦 = 𝑓(ln 𝑥)
𝑥
′
Hint a): 𝑒. 𝑔. 𝑦 ′ = (𝑓(𝑥 2 )) = 𝑓 ′ (𝑥 2 )2𝑥,

6. Find the equation of the tangent line to the given function 𝑓 (i.e. the linear function which
is the approximation of 𝑓 ) at the indicated point

𝑎) 𝑓(𝑥) = ln(𝑥 2 + 𝑒) at (0, 𝑓(0)) tangent to ln(x^2 + e) at x=0.

𝑏) 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 7 at (−1, −8) 𝑐) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 𝑒 𝑥 at (0, 1).
7. a) Determine the equation of the tangent line to the curve 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 at point (1, 3).
1
b) The curve 𝑦 = 1+𝑥 2 is called a witch of Maria Agnesi. Find an equation of the tangent

line to this curve at the point (-1, 1/2). Find the graph of the witch using 'Wofram Alpha'.
𝑥
c) The curve 𝑦 = 1+𝑥 2 is called a serpentine. Find an equation of the tangent line to this

curve at the point (-3, -0.3). Find the graph of the serpentine using 'Wofram-alpha'.