10

Computer
Programming
Quarter IV – Module 3:
Concepts on Single and Multidimensional Arrays

"Designed by macrovector / Freepik"

Computer Programming– Grade 10
Self-Learning Module
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education – Regional Office VIII

Regional Director: Ramir B. Uytico EdD, CESO IV
Assistant Regional Director: Arnulfo M. Balane, CESO V

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Gerardo M. Roxas – Calbayog City National High School
Language Editors:
Content Editor: Jeffrey C. Labor – San Joaquin National High School
Illustrators:
Layout Artist:
Management Team:
Rosemarie M. Guino EdD,OIC – Chief, CLMD
Ryan R. Tiu EdD, EPS, CLMD – Science
Joy B. Bihag, EPS, CLMD – LRMS
Renato S. Cagomoc, EdD, Chief CID
Joy B. Saldaña, EdD, EPS, CID – Science
Noel E. Sagayap, EPS, CID - LRMS

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Department of Education –Regional Office VIII

Office Address: Government Center, Candahug, Palo, Leyte

Telefax: 053 - 3233156

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Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners,
can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions,
directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand
each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-
step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

At the end of each module, you need to answer the test to self-check your
learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you will
be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they
can best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any
part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and
tests. And read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering
the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.

ii
For the learner:

Welcome to the Self – Learning Module about Concepts on Single and

Multidimensional Arrays of programming.
The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action, and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create, and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a
learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant
competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in
your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities
for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be
enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

This will give you an idea of the skills or

Explore
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module. A brief drill or review to help you link
the current lesson with the previous one. The
new lesson will also be introduced to you in
various ways such as a story, a song, a poem, a
problem opener, an activity, or a situation.
This section provides a brief discussion of the
Learn
lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the answers
to the exercises using the Answer Key at the
end of the module.
This includes questions or blank
Apply sentence/paragraph to be filled into process
what you learned from the lesson.

Assess This is a task which aims to evaluate your level

of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.
This contains answers to all activities in the
Answer Key module.

This contains the learner’s reflection. Learners

Reflect
are encouraged to think about the lessons
particularly the parts that went well (they have
understood) and the parts that were weak (they
have difficulty) and write about it briefly.

iii
 Learners can share their thoughts and feeling
about the lessons.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in
developing this module.
The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of
the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
3. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
4. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
5. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

iv
 Explore

Introduction:
Previous lessons have shown how to process primitive data like integers in
computer programming. That is useful, but certainly not sufficient to handle
bigger amounts of data. In most cases, organizing numerous data would be
uncomplicated using an array which is a collection of values or elements of the
same data type together into one variable. Rather than having separate variables
for many different values in a form of integers or strings or other data types, you
could collect all of them together into one variable. This does not mean that you
will want to have all of the values with the same data type in any computer
program united into one array. However, there will be times when certain values
are all related to one another in a way appropriate for an array.

The important detail to understand about arrays is that the values are
placed as elements in the array to be access, manage, or store from the array using
an index. You can think of an array as a list of elements where each of the
elements has a unique place in the list, such as 1st, 2nd, 3rd and so on. You can
access any element from the list using its location or index in the list. The order of
the elements in the array is unimportant.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

Design a computer program using an array.

Subtask:
1. Differentiate variable, single dimensional and multidimensional array in
using them creating computer program code.
2. Compare how a variable, single dimensional and multidimensional array is
programmed in Java, C and Python programming languages.
3. Create a computer program using single dimensional and multidimensional
array.

4.

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 Learn

WHAT IS AN ARRAY?
The variable allows us to store a single value at a time, what if we want to
store more than 1 values. Then, we can make use of arrays.
Array is a data structure that is used to store multiple values in a single
variable, instead of declaring separate variables for each value. Each value is called
an element of the array. The elements of the array share the same variable name,
but each element has its own unique index number.
Typically, these elements are all the same data type, like an integer or string.
Arrays are commonly used in computer programs to organize data so that a related
set of values can be easily sorted or searched.

Figure 1

The java code snippet in figure 1, shows how to assign a value of 5 at first
position or index 0 in the array with number as array variable name.
Arrays can be single or multidimensional. The number of subscript or
index determines the dimensions of the array. An array of one dimension is known
as a one-dimensional array or 1-D array, while an array of two dimensions is
known as a two-dimensional array or 2-D array.

ONE-DIMENSIONAL ARRAY
Conceptually, you can think of a one-dimensional array as a row, where
elements are stored one after another.

Figure 2
Figure 2 shows how we perceive a one-dimensional array as a single row.
There are 6 elements in the array with index starting from 0. Commonly, an array
index always starts at 0.

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 One-Dimensional Array Declaration
In previous lessons, we have learned that Variables are used to store
information to be referenced and manipulated in a computer program. They also
provide a way of labeling data with a descriptive name, so our programs can be
understood more clearly by the reader and ourselves. It is helpful to think of
variables as containers that hold information. Their sole purpose is to label and
store data in memory. This data can then be used throughout your program.

To declare a variable:

Figure 3

In Java and other programming languages, to declare a variable we write or

indicate first the data type like String or Integer followed by variable name as
shown in figure 3.

Commonly, to declare an array:

Syntax: datatype array_name[size];
datatype: It denotes the type of the elements in the array.
array_name: Name of the array
size: Number of elements an array can hold.

To declare an array in Java:

Figure 4

The syntax in declaring an array may vary from different programming

languages. In Java, to declare an array, define the variable type with square brackets
as shown in figure 4.

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 To declare an array in C:

Figure 5

To declare an array in C, a programmer specifies the type of the elements

and the number of elements required by an array.

To declare an array in Python:

Figure 6
Python does not have a concept of Array, instead Python provides another
data structure called List, which provides similar functionality as arrays in any
other language like Java and C.

Assigning Initial Value to a One-Dimensional Array

Upon declaration, we can immediately assign an initial value to a variable or
array. In assigning initial value to a variable, we use an equal = symbol. Usually,
the datatype and variable name goes on the left of the = symbol and the value goes
on the right as shown in figure 7.

Assign an initial value to a Variable in Java:

Figure 7

Assign an initial value to a 1D Array in Java:

Java uses curly braces { } to enclose the array elements.

Figure 8
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 In figure 8, name is the array variable with datatype String and “Gomez”,
“Burgos”, “Zamora” are the array elements. Individually, we can say that:
name[0] = “Gomez”
name[1] = “Burgos”
name[2] = “Zamora”

Assign an initial value to a 1D Array in C:

In C, an array size is indicated.

Figure 9

To assign an initial value to a 1D Array in Python:

In Python, the array elements are enclosed in brackets.

Figure 10

Access the Elements of a One-Dimensional Array

The elements of an array can be accessed by specifying the array name
followed by subscript or index number inside the square brackets [ ]. Array
subscript or index starts at 0. If the size of an array is 6 then the first element is at
index 0, while the last element is at index 5. This can also be observed in other
programming languages.

Figure 11

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 Access an element in a 1D Array in Java:

Figure 12

Figure 12 shows a sample Java code to print the first element of the array
which is at index 0, thus, number [0] is how we access the first element and
number [1] is how to access the second element and so on.

If we compile and execute the sample code in figure 12, it will display 5 on
the output screen as the first element at index 0 as shown in figure 13.

Figure 13

Access an element in a 1D Array in C and Python:

Figure 14

Change an Array Element

To change the value of a specific element, we refer to the index number.
Figure 15 shows a sample java code to change the second element of an array from
10 to 100.

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 Change an element in a 1D Array in Java:

Figure 15

Figure 16

If we compile and execute the sample code in figure 15, it will display 100 on
the output screen as the second element at index 1 as shown in figure 16.

Change an element in a 1D Array in C and Python:

Figure 17

Array Length
In Java, to find out how many elements an array has, use the length
property.

Figure 18

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 If we compile and execute the code in figure 18, it will return or display 6 as
length of the array because there are 6 elements.

Array Length in a 1D Array in C:

In C, we can specify the length of the array during declaration. To calculate

the length of array in C, we use the sizeof operator with the following formula:

Length = Total size of array / Size of data types

Array with 6
elements

Formula to
compute the size
of the Array

Display the size

of the Array

Figure 19

Array Length in a 1D Array in Python:

In Python, there is a built-in function called len( ) for getting the total
number of items in a list.

Figure 20

Loop Through an Array

You can loop through the array elements with the for-loop and use the
length property to specify how many times the loop should run.

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 Figure 21
Figure 21 shows how to print in Java the first three elements of the array
without using the for-loop. The method may be correct, but the problem is, what if
there are hundreds or thousands of elements to print, then it would mean also to
use System.out.println a hundred or thousand times.

Loop Through an Array in Java:

As a solution, we make use of for loop as shown in figure 22, to avoid using
the printing command multiple times to print or access the elements of an array.

Figure 22

Loop Through an Array in C and Python:

Python Code

C Code
Figure 23

Comparing Elements of an Array

To compare elements of an array we make use of conditional statements like
if or if else. Figure 24, 25, 26 and 27 shows how to use the conditional statement
if to display the largest number.

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 Display the largest number in an Array in Java using the if Statement:

Figure 24

If we compile and execute the Java code in figure 24, the output will be 35
as the largest element in the Array as shown in figure 25.

Figure 25

Display the largest number in an Array in C using the if Statement:

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 Figure 26
Display the largest number in an Array in Python using the if Statement:

Figure 27

Accepting Input from User

The Java code in figure 28 shows how to accept an input from the user and
save it in the array and display it on the output screen.

Figure 28

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 MULTIDIMENSIONAL ARRAY
A multidimensional array is an array containing one or more arrays. A
two-dimensional array is simply an array within an array. 3D array is an array of
2D arrays and 4D array is an array of 3D arrays and so on.

This is an example of one-dimensional array. A 1D array contains elements.

int [ ] number = { 5, 10, 15, 30 };

This is an example of two-dimensional array.

int [ ] [ ] number = { { 5, 10, 15, 30 }, { 100, 200, 300 }, { -1, 0 } }

The two-dimensional array contains, one-dimensional arrays.

This is an example of three-dimensional array.

int [ ] [ ] [ ] number = { { { 5, 10, 15, 30 }, { 100, 200, 300 }, { -1, 0 } },
{ { 75, 85, 95 }, { -2, -4 } } };

The three-dimensional array contains two-dimensional arrays. And so on.

Java Two-Dimensional Array

In Java, to declare a two-dimensional array, you simply list two sets of
empty brackets, like the following example code.
int [ ] [ ] number;

Thus, to declare a three-dimensional array would use three sets of brackets.

int [ ] [ ] [ ] number;

You can also specify the size of the elements upon declaration.
int [ ] [ ] number = new int [3] [4];

This code means that there are 3 sets of arrays with 4 elements each.
Conceptually, a two-dimensional array can be represented as a single table with
rows and columns.

first set of array [0][0] [0][1] [0][2] [0][3]

[1][0] [1][1] [1][2] [1][3]
second set of array [2][0] [2][1] [2][2] [2][3]
third set of array

first elements in each set last elements in each set

In the example, the length of the 2D Array is 12. The array can contain up
to 12 elements because there are 3 rows and 4 columns.

Array length of each set of 1D Array is 4. The first, second and third set
have the same length which is 4. It is because we specify the size of the array upon
declaration.

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 You can also assign initial values to your two-dimensional array like the
following code in figure 29.

2 brackets for two-

dimensional array first set of array second set of array

Figure 29

You can also type the code in a way the elements are arrange in rows and
columns for easy identification of indexes during access and modification of values
in the array like in figure 30.

Figure 30

You will notice that each row of multidimensional array in Java can have
different lengths upon assigning initial values. From the sample code, the first set
{5, 10, 15, 30} of array has 4 length, and the second set {100, 200, 300} has 3
length.

Access the elements in a 2D Array:

To access the elements in a 2D array, specify two indexes: one for the set
of array, and one for the element inside that array.
The index of the first set of array is 0, and the index of its elements also
starts at 0. The index of the second set is 1, the third set is 2, and so on if there
are more sets of arrays. Thus, if we are going to access or print the first element in
the first array, the code will be as follows:

first set of array first element in the array

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 Figure 31
If the code in figure 31 is executed, it will display 5 in the output screen as
shown in figure 32.

Figure 32

If we are going to access or display the value 300 which is the third element
in the second set of array, the code will be as follows:

1 index indicates as 2 index indicates as third

second set of array element in the array

Figure 33

If the code in figure 33 is compiled and executed, it will display 300 in the
output screen as shown in figure 34.

Figure 34

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 Display all the elements using for-loop in 2D Array:

The following Java Code displays all the elements in a 2D Array using the
nested for-loop statement.

Figure 35

C Two-Dimensional Array
Figure 36 shows a sample C code to declare, initialize a value, access a
single element and print all the elements in a 2D Array.

Print all the elements using for loop Declare and Initialize

Access a single element (first element)

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 Figure 36

Python Two-Dimensional Array

The following sample python code show how to declare, initialize a value,
access a single element and access one set of array in a 2D Array.

Declare and Initialize

Printing the 1st set of array {5, 10, 15, 30}

Printing the element 300, which is at 2nd

set of array and the 3rd element

Figure 37

Java Three-Dimensional Array

Conceptually, we can describe a three-dimensional array as composed of two

or more tables.
first table

first set of array [0][0] [0][0][1] [0][0][2] [0][0][3]

[0]
second set of array [0][1] [0][1][1] [0][1][2] [0][1][3]
third set of array [0]
[0][2] [0][2][1] [0][2][2] [0][2][3] second table
[0]
first set of array [1][0] [1][0][1] [1][0][2] [1][0][3]
[0]
second set of array [1][1] [1][1][1] [1][1][2] [1][1][3]
third set of array [0]
[1][2] [1][2][1] [1][2][2] [1][2][3]
[0]
[0][0][0], [0][0][1], [0][0] [2] …. is the
index address of the elements in a 3D array.

Access the elements in a 3D Array:

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 To access the elements in a Three-Dimensional array, we need to specify
three indexes: one for the table, another one for the set of array and one for the
element of array.

Main array
First table (index 0)
First set of Array (index 0)
Second set of Array (index 1)

Second table (index 1)

First set of Array (index 0)
Second set of Array (index 1)

Element
Set of Array
Table

Figure 38

In figure 38, the Java sample code contains 2 tables, and each table has 2
two sets of arrays.

For the address index [1] [1] [1], it means Second Table, Second set of Array,
and Second Element, that’s why the output element is 112. Remember the index of
a set of array or the element always starts at 0.

Loop through all the elements in a 3D Array using the for-each loop:

Q4_STE_Computer_Programming_ Module 3 Page 22 of 35

 Figure 39

C Three-Dimensional Array
Figure 41 shows a sample C code to declare, initialize a value, access a
single element and print all the elements in a 3D Array.

Declaration and initialization

Access and print a single element

in a 3D Array

Print all the elements in a 3D

Array using for nested for loop

Figure 40

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 Python Three-Dimensional Array
Figure 42 shows a sample Python code to declare, initialize a value,
access a single element and print a particular table and the elements in a 3D Array
using NumPy arrays which is a high-performance data structures, better suited
for mathematical operations than Python's native list data type.

Declaration and initialization

Access and print the first element

Access and print the first table

Print the whole array elements

Figure 41

Notes to the Teacher

In this module, Java, C and Python were used as programming language
in most of the program code examples. You can choose the language
that suits your preference. You can also create your own examples,
activities and sample values which will make the delivery of the topic
easier and challenging.

Q4_STE_Computer_Programming_ Module 3 Page 24 of 35

 Engage

ACTIVITY: UNDERSTANDING ARRAY

A. Use the following code snippet for items 1-5.

_________________ 1. What is the type of the array?

_________________ 2. There are how many sets of 1D arrays?
_________________ 3. What is the length of row 2?
_________________ 4. What is the name of the array?
_________________ 5. What is the element at the index x[2][0].

B. Use the following code snippet for items 6-10.

_________________ 6. What is the type of the array?

_________________ 7. There are how many one-dimensional arrays?

Q4_STE_Computer_Programming_ Module 3 Page 25 of 35

 _________________ 8. There are how many two-dimensional arrays?
_________________ 9. What is the element at the index test[1][2][1]?
_________________ 10. What is the element at the index test[0][1][1]?

Apply

ACTIVITY: CREATING ARRAY

INSTRUCTION: Create a program code of a particular problem in each item. You

can make use of any programming languages.

1. Create a program that outputs an Array of string which contains at least

5 names.
Sample Output:

Paste your code here:

2. Create a program that outputs 2 sets of arrays. The first array contains 5 names
and replace the last element with your name for the second array.
Sample Output:

Q4_STE_Computer_Programming_ Module 3 Page 26 of 35

 Paste your code here:

3. Create a program that contains at least 10 integers in an array and outputs all
the odd numbers in the array.
Sample Output:

Paste your code here:

Q4_STE_Computer_Programming_ Module 3 Page 27 of 35

 Assess

MULTIPLE CHOICE:

Instructions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. What is the element at this index address, even [1][2][3] ?

a. 76 b. 28
c. 26 d. 74

2. It allows us to store a single value at a time.

a. Array b. Variable
c. 1D array d. Element

3. 18. What is the length of the array?

String [ ] names = {"Mary", "Jason", "George"};

a. 3 b. 2
c. 1 d. 0

4. Which of the following is not true about arrays?

a. A two-dimensional array contains 1D arrays.
b. A three-dimensional array contains 2D arrays.
c. Array index starts at 0.
d. An array can contain elements with different data types.

5. These are used to store multiple values in a single variable, instead of declaring
separate variables for each value.
a. Arrays b. For-Loop

Q4_STE_Computer_Programming_ Module 3 Page 28 of 35

 c. Variable d. Array Length

6. What is the output of the following java for loop code?

a. 1 2 3 4 5 b. 6 7 8 9 10
c. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 d. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

7. What number is in matrix[2][2]?

a. 6 b. 7
c. 11 d. 10

8. What is the output of the following java code?

a. 2 b. 9
c. 235789 d. 273589

9. What are the indexes for this array? int [ ] k = { 11, 12, 13, 14, 15};

a. 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 b. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
c. 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 d. 10, 11, 12, 13, 14

10. What is the output of the following code fragment?

int [ ] odd = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 };
System.out.println ( odd[0] + " " + odd[3] ) ;

a. 1 5 b. 6
c. 1 7 d. 8

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 Reflect

Reflection guide questions / statement..

1. What is the most important thing you learn from this module?

2. What topic do you want to learn more about arrays?

3. Where did you encounter difficulties in this lesson or module, and what did you
do to deal with it?

Q4_STE_Computer_Programming_ Module 3 Page 30 of 35

 Answer Key

ENGAGE: Understanding Array

A.
1. Two-dimensional Array
2. 3
3. 4
4. x
5. 7

B.
6. Three-dimensional Array APPLY: Creating an Array (1)
7. 5
8. 2
9. 3
10. 3

ASSESS: Multiple Choice

1. a
2. b
3. a
4. d
5. a
6. d
7. c
8. b APPLY: Creating an Array (2)
9. a
10. c

APPLY: Creating an Array (3)

Q4_STE_Computer_Programming_ Module 3 Page 31 of 35
 References

LunchSchool (2021). Variables. lunchschool.

https://launchschool.com/books/ruby/read/variables
OverIq (2020, September 23). One Dimensional Array in C. overiq.
https://overiq.com/c-programming-101/one-dimensional-array-in-c/
Programiz (2021). Java Multidimensional Arrays. programiz.
https://www.programiz.com/java-programming/multidimensional-array
Refsnes Data (2021). Java Arrays. w3schools.
https://www.w3schools.com/java/java_arrays.asp
Singh, Chaitanya (2014, January). C Programming Tutorial. beginnersbook.
https://beginnersbook.com/2014/01/2d-arrays-in-c-example/
Techterms (2021). Array. techterms. https://techterms.com/definition/array
Tutorials Point (2021). Java – Arrays. tutorialspoint.
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/java/java_arrays.htm
Tutorials Point (2021). Computer Programming-Arrays. tutorialspoint.
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/computer_programming/computer_progra
mming_arrays.htm

Q4_STE_Computer_Programming_ Module 3 Page 32 of 35

 For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Regional Office VIII – Curriculum and Learning

Management Division (CLMD) - Learning Resources Management Section (LRMS)

Government Center, Candahug, Palo, Leyte, 6501

Telefax: (053) 323-3156; 323-3854; 824-4627

Email Address: *[email protected]

*[email protected] *[email protected]

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