Physical and Chemical Properties Lecture Notes - Updated - 10-17-2023

Materials Science and Engineering
Physical Properties
Dianne Mae M. Asiñero
Material Properties
1. Mechanical Properties
2. Physical Properties
3. Chemical Properties
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Physical Properties involve no change in the

composition of the material. These include
such characteristics as density, melting
point, optical properties (transparency,
opaqueness, or color), the thermal
properties of specific heat, coefficient of
thermal expansion and thermal
conductivity, electrical conductivity, and
magnetic properties.
Physical Properties
1. Color
2. Specific Heat
3. Density
4. Thermal Conductivity
5. Electrical Conductivity
6. Melting
Physical Properties
• Color – Light wave length.
• Specific Heat – The heat required to raise the
temperature of one gram of a substance by
one degree centrigrade.
• Density – mass per unit volume (kg/𝑚3 ).
𝑚
𝐷=
𝑣
– The mass of the atoms, their size, and how they
are arrange determine the density of a substance.
– Objects with the same volume but difference mass
have different densities.
• Thermal Conductivity – rate at which
heat flows through a given material
(W/mK).
• For metals, thermal conductivity is directly
proportional to electrical conductivity.
• In other words it is the ability of the

material to transfer heat through the
process of conduction.
• Melting point - a temperature at which a
solid begins to liquify.
• Boiling point of a substance is the

temperature at which the vapor pressure of
the liquid equals the pressure surrounding
the liquid and the liquid changes into a vapor.
• Electrical conductivity is the ability of electric
current to flow through a material.
• Conductors, such as copper, other metals have

a high electrical conductivity and therefore can
easily have electrons pass through them.
Chemical Properties
• Corrosion Resistance
• Errosion Resistance
Chemical Properties
• Corrosion resistance – a material’s ability

to resist deterioration caused by exposure to
an environment.
• Errosion Resistance – a material being

eroded by wind, water or other natural
agents.
What is corrosion?
Corrosion is the gradual destruction of a metal due to reactions with other
chemicals in its environment.
Over time, corrosion changes the

appearance of the metal as it breaks
down and it becomes weaker.
Corrosion can seriously damage metallic

objects and structures.
Coating the surface of a metal with paint

and certain chemicals can protect it from
corrosion.
Do all metals corrode?
Metals behave differently when exposed to the environment.
Gold is an unreactive metal and does not corrode easily.
In many cultures, gold is considered a

precious metal and is used to make
sacred and decorative objects.
Items made from gold can survive for

thousands of years and have even
been found in good condition
underwater.
In general, objects made from metals that corrode easily do not survive for
as long.
Why doesn’t aluminium corrode?
Aluminium is a very reactive metal. However, it does not corrode in the
presence of oxygen. Why is this?
oxygen in the
atmosphere
coating of oxygen
atoms
aluminium
atoms
The outer aluminium atoms react with oxygen in the atmosphere. This forms a thin
layer of aluminium oxide on the metal’s surface, which protects the metal from
corrosion.
What is rusting?
Rusting is the specific name given to the
corrosion of iron.
It is a chemical reaction between iron,
oxygen and water.
The chemical name for rust is hydrated

iron oxide. Rust can form on cars and
buildings, making them unsafe. It is an
expensive problem.
Salt can increase the rate of rusting. This iron bolt is on a seaside structure and
is nearly completely corroded.
What is the word equation for the formation of rust?
iron + oxygen + water hydrated iron oxide

Assignment
1. Elasticity:
• Define elasticity and discuss its significance in materials.
• Explore the stress-strain curve and its role in understanding
material deformation.
• Provide examples of materials with exceptional elasticity and
their applications.
2. Hardness:
• Explain the concept of hardness and its measurement
methods.
• Discuss how hardness influences material selection for
various engineering applications.
• Explore the correlation between hardness and wear
resistance.
Assignment
3. Toughness and Brittleness:
• Define toughness and brittleness as mechanical properties.
• Explore how these properties affect the fracture behavior of
materials.
• Discuss real-world examples where toughness or brittleness
is a critical consideration.
4. Fatigue and Creep:

• Explain the concepts of fatigue and creep in materials.
• Discuss how these properties impact the longevity of
materials under cyclic or prolonged loading.
• Explore engineering strategies to mitigate fatigue and creep
in materials.
Assignment
5. Thermal Conductivity:
• Define thermal conductivity and its measurement techniques.
• Discuss the role of thermal conductivity in heat transfer and thermal
management.
• Explore materials with high and low thermal conductivity and their
applications.
6. Heat Capacity:
• Explain the concept of heat capacity and its significance in temperature
regulation.
• Discuss how heat capacity influences the response of materials to
temperature changes.
• Explore materials engineered for specific heat capacity requirements.
7. Thermal Expansion:
• Define coefficient of thermal expansion and its implications.
• Discuss how thermal expansion can lead to material stress and
deformation.
• Explore materials designed to minimize or maximize thermal expansion
for specific applications.
Assignment
8. Electrical Conductivity:
• Define electrical conductivity and its units of measurement.
• Discuss the classification of materials based on their electrical
conductivity.
• Explore applications where materials with high or low conductivity are
preferred.
9. Semiconductor Behavior:
• Define semiconductor behavior and its importance in electronic devices.
• Discuss the role of materials with semiconductor properties in modern
electronics.
• Explore advancements in materials for semiconductor applications.
10. Resistivity:
• Explain electrical resistivity and its relationship with conductivity.
• Discuss how resistivity influences the performance of materials in
electrical circuits.
• Explore materials engineered for specific resistivity requirements.

Physical and Chemical Properties Lecture Notes - Updated - 10-17-2023

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Physical and Chemical Properties Lecture Notes - Updated - 10-17-2023

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Physical and Chemical Properties Lecture Notes - Updated - 10-17-2023

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Materials Science and Engineering

Physical Properties involve no change in the

• In other words it is the ability of the

• Boiling point of a substance is the

• Conductors, such as copper, other metals have

• Corrosion resistance – a material’s ability

• Errosion Resistance – a material being

Over time, corrosion changes the

Corrosion can seriously damage metallic

Coating the surface of a metal with paint

Gold is an unreactive metal and does not corrode easily.

In many cultures, gold is considered a

Items made from gold can survive for

The chemical name for rust is hydrated

What is the word equation for the formation of rust?

iron + oxygen + water hydrated iron oxide

4. Fatigue and Creep:

You might also like