BU455 Quiz Spreadsheet
BU455 Quiz Spreadsheet
In the context of BU455, which term denotes places where merchandise comes to rest during its journey to the fina
Facilities
Question 2
What forecast time horizon range would be most appropriate for configuring the facilities network?
Several years
Question 3
Which SCM right is most closely associated with the goal of faster deliveries?
Time
Question 4
If a company with 4 DCs costing a total of $4m a year decides to consolidate into just one DC, which of the following
The appropriate formula for this question is as follows: fD * Cf * (sqrt(K)); this is equation (1-1) in the CCB
$4 million = Cf * sqrt(4)
$4 million = Cf * 2
$4 million / 2 = (Cf * 2) / 2
$2 million = Cf
Question 5
If a company relocates its DC from the centre of the DC’s served region to the outskirts of that region then what is th
The appropriate formula to determine this is:
The transportation cost would double because of the increase of (1/sqrt(K)) to (2/(sqrt(K))
Question 6
A company has the following operating parameters: (D; A; R; s) = (4,900 truckloads per year; 2.5 million km2; 400 re
average round trip distance to serve the stores is no longer than 1,000 km, how many DCs does the company need i
This question involves determining the number of DCs to minimize trip duration
Refer to @Distance Minimizing DCs tab
The # of DCs is 5
Question 7
For which of the following parameters would an increase definitely NOT raise the optimal number of DCs?
Ratio of DC storage capacity to throughput (f)
Question 8
A particular country is such that for every 25% of the distance going from west to east, the cumulative demands are
using space-based partitioning, how much of the total demand will the most easterly DC handle?
Over 40% but less than 70%
Question 9
How many retail stores must Canadian Tire have in Halifax (area = 5,490 km2) to ensure that all potential customers
This question involves using the following formula
A x (1.25 / Threshold distance) ^ 2
INPUTS
Area (A) 5490
Threshold distance 15 km
OUTPUTS
The # of retail stores 38
Question 10
After applying rigorous analytics to market projection data, a company with 400 retail stores determines that relatio
number of stores (R) can be represented by the D = R x [14.4 – 3.6x(R/400 – 1)]. What is the projected total demand
This question involves substituting 800 in place of R
D= 800 x (14.4 – 3.6x(800/400 – 1))
D= 8,640
Question 11
For the company in the previous question, which of level of store network expansion has the lowest demand per sto
The expression in the square brackets is demand per store, therefore as R rices the demand will decrease (because
Therefore, the answer is 1,000
Question 12
Which category of decisions is most fitting for the DC sizing decision?
Design
Question 13
If a company with storage requirements as high as 14,600 pallets finds the optimum DC storage capacity as 10,600 p
turnover value was used in the modeling/analysis then which of the following must be true about the correct optim
If inventory turns faster than before then the new optimum storage requirements (i.e., DC size) cannot be larger tha
Therefore, the answer is Q* ≤ 10,600
Question 14
The three SKUs in a Class A have typical storage requirements of 7, 9, and 11 units. If a pallet can store 8 units, how
storage policy is dedicated vis-à-vis class-based?
Dedicated Storage Policy
Round up (7/8) 8; 1 pallet = 1+2+2
Round up (9/8) 9; 2 pallets
Round up (11/8) 11; 2 pallets
OUTPUTS
71,595 = 72 thousand
Question 16
If a DC installs new MHE technology would enable the main aisles and pick aisles to be narrower by 3 feet each, whi
The percentage of the DC's footprint available for storage
This is because narrorwer aisles will never result in a reduction of storage space
Question 17
For which of the following current situations would one see the largest reduction in storage capacity cost if the DC s
initiative that enables a pallet to carry a larger number of SKUs?
The DC uses traditional MHE and a dedicated storage policy
Question 18
If SKU A has the same demand as SKU B but A has the larger storage requirements, which item should get the DC’s m
The SKU with the smaller COI (storage requirements divided by demand) gets the more accessible storage location.
INPUT EXAMPLES
Demand (SKU A) 100
Demand (SKU B) 100
Storage requirement (SKU A) 2 slots
Storage requirement (SKU B) 1 slots
Question 19
If the current optimal batch size is b(old) orders and subsequent introduction of automated sorting changes the opti
b(new)> b(old) Faster sorting = larger optimal batch
Using equation 2-7 from the CCB, a lower Ts (sorting time) will yield a larger value of b (batch size)
Question 20
Under which material handling equipment (MHE) technology category do stock-to-picker systems belong?
Storage and Retrieval Equipment
Question 21
Suppose that for a standard rectangle-shaped warehouse in which the operations are mostly manual, you create a p
and the horizontal axis showing how many storage positions are along the side facility that is parallel to the main ais
which of the following is the most likely result of further increases in nx? {HW3-6}
T reaches a low then rises
Question 22
Which freight transportation mode has the largest share of Canada’s transportation GDP?
Trucking
Question 23
If a shipper’s 3PL lowered its weekly service cost per vehicle and that resulted in the shipper changing its optimum fl
If the unit cost of outsourcing falls then it will be more economical to outsource so the new optimum fleet size will b
V(new)< V(old)
Question 24
Suppose that a manufacturer has (FPR, CPR, C3P) = ($400, $300, $800) and that one-third of the time, no more than
no more than 26 vehicles are required; and 100% of the time, no more than 35 vehicles are required. What is the m
INPUTS
FPR $ 400.00
CPR $ 300.00
C3P $ 800.00
Question 25
A client paying a 3PL $10 million a year under a cost plus arrangement is keen to reap financial savings by eliminatin
and reward the 3PL’s efforts in finding those savings, the client proposes a yearly remuneration formula of 8.7 millio
in order to continue earning $10 million/year?
Need to calculate the amount of savings
8.7 + 0.06 * Savings = 10
Savings = (10 - 8.7) / 0.06 = 40
Question 26
As measured in terms of truckloads, demands by a carrier’s clients over the next four weeks are 1 (week 1), 7 (week
fluctuations and has proposed a more stable delivery pattern of 6 truckloads in the first two weeks and 4 truckloads
clients average weekly inventory if they accept the carrier’s proposal?
Week Ending Inventories
Delivered Client Requested
Week 1 4 4
Week 2 4 1
Week 3 4 7
Week 4
Question 28
A company’s two customers are at distances of x and z from the company. If each customer’s daily demand is one q
to each customer once every four days, what is the company’s average daily round travel distance to serve its two c
The math is as follows: Therefore:
For customer x, round trip travel = 2x (2x + 2z)
For customer z, round trip travel = 2z 4
This occurs every four days (2x + 2z) / 4 =
Question 29
Suppose that the distance between the two customers in Question 28 is y and the company modifies its temporal co
ship a full truckload every other day on a route that delivers half a truckload to one customer then the remaining ha
What would be each company’s average daily round travel distance to serve the two customers?
Now, each trip would be:
x (to one delivery spot) + y (distance to the first customer's stop) + z (return trip from the second customer's stop) /
(x + y + z) / 2
Question 30
Canadian trucking companies with fewer than 20 trucks comprise a very X percentage of the number of carriers and
(X; Y) = (large; small)
Question 31
Which of the following government regulations is aimed at protecting a nation’s transportation industries from wha
Cabotage
Question 32
On a given day, operations at one of an LTL company’s terminals involve 80km of driving and 12 hours of work to pic
sum of hourly cost for labour and transportation equipment, what is the pick-up cost to be allocated each one of the
INPUTS
Driving distance 80 km
Hours of work 12
Fuel cost $ 0.15 /km
Hourly cost $ 30.00
Number of loads 6
Question 33
Consider a carrier using the formula ($160 + x) to model the cost of trips over a particular 100-mile lane, where x is
as the set up cost of a trip and $100 as the distance cost based on $1 per mile. If a trip handles shipments from two
how much of the trip cost should be allocated to the shipper of 40 units if the allocation formula is to evenly split th
Shipper 1
Cost to ship 40 units $ 40.00
Common cost $ 80.00
Total cost $ 120.00
Question 34
Which of the following statements about Canada’s rail cargo sector is TRUE?
Canada’s two Class 1 railroads own US Class 1 railroads
Question 35
As evidenced by its X 1:3 ratio of depreciation expenses to labour cost, the rail freight industry is Y capital intensive
{X; Y} = {higher; more}
Question 36
From a sample of its data, a railroad finds that its heuristic rule of thumb approach for repositioning empty vehicles
produces a solution with a total repositioning cost of $3,800. For which of the following per day total cost of ownin
Any value below the repositioning cost savings of $100 ($3,900 - $3,800) that would result from using the software.
Therefore, $95
Question 37
With which continent does North America have the largest imbalance of more containers coming from than going to
Asia
Question 38
Quay cranes take an average of 1.6 minutes to load a container on a vessel and return to the ready position to load
(i) round trip travel between quay cranes (where they offload export containers) and yard cranes plus (ii) collect exp
What is the most efficient throughput maximizing number of internal trucks that should be assigned to a single quay
The most efficient
INPUTS
Internal trucks min. average 7.7
Quay cranes min. average 1.6
Question 39
Loading all of a ship’s hatches will take 19 hours of quay crane time and 4 such cranes will handle the loading task.
be as close as possible to x hours. What should x be?
INPUTS
Hours of quay crane time 19
Number of cranes 4
Question 40
Which of the following aircrafts handled the majority of commercial cargo before the COVID-19 pandemic?
Passenger aircrafts
Question 41
Which of the following costs will tend to be very similar across airlines?
Neither labour nor fuel
Question 42
As a percentage of total capacity, demand by a cargo carrier's two major customer segments are given by demand =
what should the carrier charge each segment to maximize profit?
INPUTS
Segment 1 Segment 2
Demand function intercepts (Ae and Ag) 95 88
Demand function slopes (Be and Bg) 0.5 1.0
Carrier's variable cost per capacity unit: same each market
es to rest during its journey to the final customer?
nto just one DC, which of the following is the most likely annual facility cost?
is equation (1-1) in the CCB
outskirts of that region then what is the most likely impact on outbound transportation cost?
to (2/(sqrt(K))
oads per year; 2.5 million km2; 400 retail stores; 3 stores per trip). To ensure that drivers’
w many DCs does the company need if each DC will be located at the centre of the sub-region it serves?
t to east, the cumulative demands are 10%, 30%, 60%, 100%. If three DCs are to be sited
asterly DC handle?
to ensure that all potential customers in Halifax are within 15 km of the nearest store?
00 retail stores determines that relationship between total demand (D in number of truckloads) and
)]. What is the projected total demand if the company doubles its retail store network to 800 stores?
timum DC storage capacity as 10,600 pallets but then later realizes that a lower than realistic inventory
must be true about the correct optimum number of DCs (Q*)?
ents (i.e., DC size) cannot be larger than it was before; i.e., Q* ≤ 10,600
units. If a pallet can store 8 units, how many more pallets are required for Class A if the
ents, which item should get the DC’s more accessible storage location in order to minimize travel time for storage/retrieval?
the more accessible storage location.
OUTPUT EXAMPLES
SKU A COI 0.02
SKU B COI 0.01
of automated sorting changes the optimal batch size to b(new) then which of the following must be true?
tions are mostly manual, you create a plot with the vertical axis showing average travel time to pick orders (call it T)
e facility that is parallel to the main aisle (call it nx). If the plot starts with a value of T for a low nx but continues to fall as nx ris
tation GDP?
in the shipper changing its optimum fleet size from is V(old) to V(new) then which of the following must be true?
ce so the new optimum fleet size will be lower
at one-third of the time, no more than 15 vehicles are required to transport that manufacturer’s products; two-thirds of the tim
5 vehicles are required. What is the manufacturer’s optimum fleet size?
OUTPUTS
Threshold probability 0.20
to reap financial savings by eliminating inefficiencies from its transportation and logistics activities. If, as a way to encourage
arly remuneration formula of 8.7 million + 6% of the savings, how much annual savings must the 3PL find for the client
million
ext four weeks are 1 (week 1), 7 (week 2), 4 (week 3), and 8 (week 4). The carrier is concerned about the week-to-week
n the first two weeks and 4 truckloads in the last two weeks. What would be the
OUTPUTS
Delivery schedule 2 truckloads every 3 days
Cost per day $ 500.00 = (# of truckloads * cost per trip) / frequency of del
ach customer’s daily demand is one quarter of a truckload and the company delivers a full truckload
ound travel distance to serve its two customers?
Truckloads
Frequency of days
(x + z) / 2
d the company modifies its temporal consolidation delivery policy to include customer stop consolidation as follows:
o one customer then the remaining half a truckload to the other customer.
he two customers?
centage of the number of carriers and, in total, they make a very Y percentage of the industry’s cross-border trips into the US.
m of driving and 12 hours of work to pick up 6 loads. If fuel cost is $0.15/km and $30 is the
up cost to be allocated each one of these 6 loads?
OUTPUTS
Pick-up cost $ 62.00
a particular 100-mile lane, where x is the number of units carried in the truck and the $160 comprises $60
. If a trip handles shipments from two shippers (one shipping 40 units and the other shipping 60 units)
allocation formula is to evenly split the common cost across the two shippers then allocate the remaining cost based on numb
Total Units to Ship Using ($160 + x) Cost Allocation to Shipper 1
Shipper 1 40 $ 260.00 46%
Shipper 2 60
Total units (x) 100
oach for repositioning empty vehicles results an average daily repositioning cost of $3,900. Suppose that an optimization softw
e following per day total cost of owning (TCO) the optimization software, would it make sense for the railroad to buy that softw
would result from using the software.
d return to the ready position to load the next one. Internal trucks take an average of 7.7 minutes to complete a loop compris
rs) and yard cranes plus (ii) collect export containers from yard cranes at storage blocks.
hat should be assigned to a single quay crane?
If the question had said the most resource efficient
OUTPUTS OUTPUTS
5 5
h cranes will handle the loading task. Ideally, the crane-to-hatch assignments should be such that the time each crane takes to
OUTPUTS
5
ore the COVID-19 pandemic?
omer segments are given by demand = 95 - 0.5R1 (segment 1) and 88 - R2 (segment 2). If the cost per percentage point of capa
OUTPUTS
Segment 1 $ 98.00
Segment 2 $ 47.00
$ 6.00
time for storage/retrieval?
k orders (call it T)
but continues to fall as nx rises,
ng must be true?
V = 15
dation as follows:
ce efficient
Outputs
Required # of DCs to minimize total cost (K-hat) = 5
Test if alue of f meets the utilization requirement 0.017
YES
X and Y Coordinates for a 1-Median Location (Less Weight to Demand Volume)
Inputs for x Coordinate
Demand i = 10
xi coordinates = 0
Demand j = 40
xj coordinates = 2
Outputs
Required minimum # of DCs (K-hat) = 5
Outputs
Maximum replenishment distance 395.28
Outputs
Maximum replenishment distance 790.57
X and Y Coordinates for a 1-Median Location (More Weight to Demand Volume)
Inputs for x Coordinate
Demand i = 10
xi coordinates = 0
Demand j = 40
xj coordinates = 2
Outputs
Required number of DCs 4
Outputs
Required number of DCs 16
ight to Demand Volume)
17.5
0.001692
0.04113393 1.25 / x
0.04113393
0.04113393x
30.3885399
0.000623
0.02495997 1.25x
50.0801925
Notes: DCs Size to Minimize Cost
Refer to Excel Workbook Ch.2 Sheet 1: DC Size to Minimize Cost
Outputs
COI 0.18
The SKU with the smallest COI gets the more accessible storage location
CHAPTER 2 NOTES
Outputs
71,595
DC Dimensions
Inputs
DC storage capacity in number of pallets (S) =
Pallet width (ay) =
Pallet length (ax) =
Pallet stacking level (nz) =
Width of central (main) aisle (wy) =
Width of side aisles (wx) =
Outputs
Number of pallet storage positions parallel to the central aisle (nx) =
Number of pallet storage positions perpendicular to the central aisle (ny) =
Length in feet along the central aisle
Length in feet along the central aisle
Average round trip travel distance for order picking
Actual storage capacity with the optimum dimensions =
Floor area in square feet =
Space utilization for storage =
Order Picking Batch Size
Inputs
Mean walking time to pick orders (TW) =
Mean non- walking time per order during a picking trip (TNW) =
Mean sorting time per order (TS) =
Mean non-sorting time per order (TNS) =
Outputs
Optimal batch size
Given this batch size, mean total time per order for all tasks (T(b)) is =
Number of orders picked by a single worker in a 600-minute day is
47.88
7111
5
3500
= 72 thousand rounded
800
3 feet
3 feet
4
11 feet
8 feet
6
34
42 feet
113 feet
98.5 feet
816 pallets
4746
38.69%
4 minutes
4 minutes
1 minutes
3 minutes
2
11.0 minutes
54.5
273
Notes: Fleet Size to Minimize Cost
Refer to Excel Workbook Ch.3 Sheet 1: Fleet Size to Minimize Cost
Carrier Selection
Inputs
Carrier-specific inputs
Transportation cost per unit (CT) =
Lead time in days (L) =
Standard deviation of lead time (sL) =
Other considerations: (add 5% to sd for Carrier C's loss/damage record
Shipper-specific inputs
Annual demand in units (D) = 15,000
Daily demand in units (d) = 60
Standard deviation of daily demand (sd) = 8.5
Safety stock factor (z) = 2
Annual holding cost per unit stored by the shipper ( CH) = $ 40
Annual holding cost per unit in transit ( CHV) = $ 20
Outputs
Standard deviation of demand during lead time
Required safety stock
Required in-transit stock
Safety stock cost
In-transit stock cost
Transportation service cost
Total cost =
CHAPTER 3 NOTES