STATISTIC AND PROBABILITY

ASSIGNMENT #4:
A. Complete the table below and find the mean of the variance and
standard deviation of the following probability distribution.

1.
X P(X) X∙ P(X)
2
X ∙P (X )
1 1 2 1 1
1 7 7
1∙ =
7 7
1 6 2 1 36
6 7 7
6 ∙ =
7 7
3 33 2 3 363
11 7 7
11 ∙ =
7 7
1 16 2 1 256
16 7 7
16 ∙ =
7 7
1 21 2 1
21 7 7
21 ∙ =63
7
77 1097
μ= ∑ X ∙ P ( X ) = 7
∨¿11 μ= ∑ X 2 ∙ P ( X )= 7
∨¿

156.714285

Step 1: Find the mean of the probability distribution.

𝒎𝒆𝒂𝒏?

Solution:

μ= 1 ( 17 )+ 6( 17 )+11 ( 73 )+16( 17 )+21( 17 )

1 6 33 16 21
μ= + + + +
7 7 7 7 7
 77
μ= ∨¿ 11
7

𝒗𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆?
Step 2: Multiply the square of the value of the random variable X to
its corresponding probability.
Solution:
σ =∑( x−μ ¿ x P ( x )−μ
2 2 2

1 1 3 1 1
= [1 ( 7 ) + 6 ( 7 ) + 11 ( 7 ) + 16 ( 7 ) + 21 ( 7 ) ] - ¿
2 2 2 2 2 2
σ

Step 3: Get the sum of the results obtained in Step 2.

Solution:
σ =156.714285 – 121
2

Step 4: Subtract the mean from the results obtained in Step 3.

Solution:
σ
2
= 35.714285
𝑺𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒂𝒓𝒅 𝒅𝒆𝒗𝒊𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏?
σ = √∑¿¿
σ = √ 35.714285
σ = 5.97614
2.
X P(X) X∙ P(X)
2
X ∙P (X )
3 3 3 3
1 10 10
2
1∙ =
10 10
1 2 2 1 2
2 10 10
2 ∙ =
10 5
2 5 2 2 9
3 10 10
3 ∙ =
10 5
 2 6 2 16
4 10 10
2
4 ∙
10 5
=
2 7 2 2
5 10 10
5 ∙ =5
10
23 μ= ∑ X ∙ P ( X )
2
μ= ∑ X ∙ P ( X ) = 10 ∨¿ 2.3
107
= 10
∨¿ 10.7
Step 1: Find the mean of the probability distribution.
𝒎𝒆𝒂𝒏?

μ= 1 ( 103 )+2( 101 )+ 3( 102 )+4 ( 102 )+5( 102 )

3 2 5 6 7
μ= + 10 + + +
10 10 10 10
23
μ=
10
OR 2.3
𝒗𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆?
Step 2: Multiply the square of the value of the random variable X to
its corresponding probability.
Solution:
σ =∑( x−μ ¿ x P ( x )−μ
2 2 2

3 1 2 2 2
= [1 ( 10 ) + 2 ( 10 ) + 3 ( 10 ) + 4 + 5 ( 10 ) ] - ¿
2 2 2 2 2
σ
2
( )
10

Step 3: Get the sum of the results obtained in Step 2.

Solution:
σ = 10.7 – 5.29
2

Step 4: Subtract the mean from the results obtained in Step 3.

Solution:
σ
2
= 5.41
𝑺𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒂𝒓𝒅 𝒅𝒆𝒗𝒊𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏?
σ = √∑¿¿
σ = √ 5.41
σ = 2.32594

3.
2
X P(X) X∙ P(X) X ∙ P (X )

3 0.15 0.45 2
(3) ∙( 0.15)=¿ 1.35
6 0.35 2.10 (6) ∙(0.35)=¿ 12.6
2

8 0.40 3.20 (8) ∙ (0.40)=¿ 25.6

2

10 0.10 1.00 (10) ∙( 0.10)=¿ 10

2

μ= ∑ X ∙ P ( X ) = μ= ∑ X 2 ∙ P ( X )

6.75 = 49.55

Step 1: Find the mean of the probability distribution.

𝒎𝒆𝒂𝒏?
μ= 3 ( 0.15 ) +6 ( 2.10 )+ 8 ( 3.20 ) +10 ( 1.00 )

μ= 0.45 +2.10 + 3.20 + 1.00

μ=¿6.75

𝒗𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆?
Step 2: Multiply the square of the value of the random variable X to
its corresponding probability.
Solution:
σ =∑( x−μ ¿ x P ( x )−μ
2 2 2

σ
2
= [32 (0.15) + 6 2( 0.35) + 82 ( 0.40) + 102 (0.10)] - ¿
Step 3: Get the sum of the results obtained in Step 2.
Solution:
σ = 49.55– 45.5625
2

Step 4: Subtract the mean from the results obtained in Step 3.

Solution:
σ
2
= 3.9875
𝑺𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒂𝒓𝒅 𝒅𝒆𝒗𝒊𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏?
σ = √∑¿¿
σ = √ 3.9875
σ = 1.99687

4.
X P(X) X∙ P(X)
2
X ∙P (X )
4 4 2 4 4
1 9 9
1∙ =
9 9
2 5 2 2
3 9 9
3 ∙ =2
9
1 6 2 1 25
5 9 9
5 ∙ =
9 9
2 9 2 98
7 9 9
2
7 ∙ =
9 9
24 μ= ∑ X ∙ P ( X )
2
μ= ∑ X ∙ P ( X ) = 9 OR
145
2.66 = 9 OR 16.1

Step 1: Find the mean of the probability distribution.

𝒎𝒆𝒂𝒏?

μ= 1 ( 49 )+3( 29 )+5( 19 )+7 ( 29 )

 4 5 6 9
μ= +9 + 9 +
9 9
24
μ=
9
OR 2.66
𝒗𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆?
Step 2: Multiply the square of the value of the random variable X to
its corresponding probability.
Solution:
σ =∑( x−μ ¿ x P ( x )−μ
2 2 2

4 2 1 2
= [1 ( 9 ) + 3 ( 9 ) + 5 ( 9 ) + 7 ( 9 ) ] - ¿
2 2 2 2 2
σ

Step 3: Get the sum of the results obtained in Step 2.

Solution:
σ = 16.1 – 7.0756
2

Step 4: Subtract the mean from the results obtained in Step 3.

Solution:
σ
2
= 9.0244
𝑺𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒂𝒓𝒅 𝒅𝒆𝒗𝒊𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏?
σ = √∑¿¿
σ = √ 9.0244
σ = 3.00406

5.
X P(X) X∙ P(X)
2
X ∙P (X )

2 0.10 0.20 (2) ∙(0.10)=¿ 0.4

2
 4 0.23 0.92 ( 4) ∙(0.23)=¿ 3.68
2

6 0.25 1.50 2
(6) ∙(0.25)=¿ 9
8 0.36 2.88 (8) ∙ (0.36)=¿ 23.04
2

10 0.06 0.59 (10) ∙(0.06)=¿ 6

2

μ= ∑ X ∙ P ( X ) = 6.09 μ= ∑ X 2 ∙ P ( X )

= 42.12
Step 1: Find the mean of the probability distribution.
𝒎𝒆𝒂𝒏?
μ= 2 ( 0.10 ) + 4 ( 0.23 ) +6 ( 0.25 )+ 8 ( 0.36 ) +10 ( 0.06 )

μ= 0.20 +0.92 + 1.50 + 2.88 + 0.59

μ=¿6.09

𝒗𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆?
Step 2: Multiply the square of the value of the random variable X to
its corresponding probability.
Solution:
σ =∑( x−μ ¿ x P ( x )−μ
2 2 2

σ = [2 (0.10) + 4 (0.23) + 6 ( 0.25) + 8 ( 0.36) + 10 (0.06)] - ¿

2 2 2 2 2 2

Step 3: Get the sum of the results obtained in Step 2.

Solution:
σ = 42.12 – 37.0881
2

Step 4: Subtract the mean from the results obtained in Step 3.

Solution:
σ
2
= 5.0319
𝑺𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒂𝒓𝒅 𝒅𝒆𝒗𝒊𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏?
σ = √∑¿¿
σ = √ 5.0319
σ = 2.24319

B. Do the following.
1. Find the variance and standard deviation of the probability
distribution of a random variable X which can take only the values
10 1 12
1, 2, and 3 given that P(1) = 33 , P(2) = 3 , P(3) = 33 .

X P(X) X∙ P(X)
2
X ∙P (X )
10 11 10 10
1 33 33
1∙
2
=
33 33
1 3 2 1 4
2 3 3
2 ∙ =
3 3
12 15 2 12 36
3 33 33
3 ∙ =
33 11
59 μ= ∑ X 2 ∙ P ( X )
μ= ∑ X ∙ P ( X ) = 33 OR
54
1.78 = 11 OR 4.90
Step 1: Find the mean of the probability distribution.
𝒎𝒆𝒂𝒏?

μ= 1 ( 1033 )+2( 13 )+ 3( 1233 )

11 3 15
μ= +3 +
33 33
59
μ=
33
OR 1.78
𝒗𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆?
Step 2: Multiply the square of the value of the random variable X to
its corresponding probability.
Solution:
σ =∑( x−μ ¿ x P ( x )−μ
2 2 2

10 1 12
= [1 ( 33 ) + 2 ( 3 ) + 3 ( 33 )] - ¿
2 2 2 2
σ

Step 3: Get the sum of the results obtained in Step 2.

Solution:
σ = 4.90 – 3.1684
2

Step 4: Subtract the mean from the results obtained in Step 3.

Solution:
σ
2
= 1.7316
𝑺𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒂𝒓𝒅 𝒅𝒆𝒗𝒊𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏?
σ = √∑¿¿
σ = √ 1.7316
σ = 1.3159

2. Find the variance and standard deviation of the probability

distribution of a random variable X which can take only the value
7 1 13
3, 5, and 7, given that P(3) = 30 , P(5) = 3 , and P(7) = 30 .

X P(X) X∙ P(X)
2
X ∙P (X )
7 8 7 7
1 30 30
2
1∙
30 30
=
1 6 2 1 25
5 3 3
5 ∙ =
3 3
13 20 2 13 637
7 30 30
7 ∙ =
30 30
44 μ= ∑ X 2 ∙ P ( X )
μ= ∑ X ∙ P ( X ) = 15 OR
149
2.93 = 5 OR 29.8
Step 1: Find the mean of the probability distribution.
𝒎𝒆𝒂𝒏?

μ= 1 ( 307 )+2( 13 )+ 3( 1330 )

8 6 20
μ= +3 +
30 30
44
μ=
15
OR 2.93
𝒗𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆?
Step 2: Multiply the square of the value of the random variable X to
its corresponding probability.
Solution:
σ =∑( x−μ ¿ x P ( x )−μ
2 2 2

7 1 13
= [1 ( 30 ) + 5 ( 3 ) + 7 ( 30 )] - ¿
2 2 2 2
σ

Step 3: Get the sum of the results obtained in Step 2.

Solution:
σ = 29.8 – 8.5849
2

Step 4: Subtract the mean from the results obtained in Step 3.

Solution:
σ
2
= 21.2151
𝑺𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒂𝒓𝒅 𝒅𝒆𝒗𝒊𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏?
σ = √∑¿¿
σ = √ 21.2151
σ = 4.60599
 3. Find the variance and standard deviation of the probability
distribution of a random variable X which can take only the values
9 1 1 3
2, 4, 5 and 9, given that P(2) = 20 , P(4) = 20 , P(5) 5 , and P(9) = 10 .

X P(X) X∙ P(X)
2
X ∙P (X )
9 11 9 9
2 20 20
2
2 ∙
20 5
=
1 5 2 1 4
4 20 20
4 ∙ =
20 5
1 6 2 1
5 5 5
5 ∙ =5
5
3 12 2 3 243
9 10 10
9 ∙ =
10 10
44 319
μ= ∑ X ∙ P ( X ) = 15 OR μ= ∑ X 2 ∙ P ( X ) = 10 OR
2.93 31.9

Step 1: Find the mean of the probability distribution.

𝒎𝒆𝒂𝒏?

μ= 2 ( 209 )+ 4( 201 )+5( 15 )+9 ( 103 )

11 5 6 12
μ= + 20 + 5 +
20 10
59
μ=
33
OR 1.78
𝒗𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆?
Step 2: Multiply the square of the value of the random variable X to
its corresponding probability.
Solution:
σ =∑( x−μ ¿ x P ( x )−μ
2 2 2

9 1 1 3
= [2 ( 20 ) + 4 + 5 ( 5 )+9 ( 10 )] - ¿
2 2 2 2
σ
2
( )
20
Step 3: Get the sum of the results obtained in Step 2.
Solution:
σ = 31.9 – 3.1684
2

Step 4: Subtract the mean from the results obtained in Step 3.

Solution:
σ
2
= 28.7316
𝑺𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒂𝒓𝒅 𝒅𝒆𝒗𝒊𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏?
σ = √∑¿¿
σ = √ 28.7316
σ = 5.36019

4. Find the variance and standard deviation of the probability

1
distribution of a random variable X if P(x) = 10 for X = 1, 2, 3, …,
10.

X P(X) X∙ P(X)
2
X ∙P (X )
1 2 1 1
1 10 10
2
1∙ =
10 10
1 3 2 1 2
2 10 10
2 ∙ =
10 5
1 4 2 1 9
3 10 10
3 ∙ =
10 10
1 5 2 1 8
4 10 10
4 ∙ =
10 5
1 6 2 1 5
5 10 10
5 ∙ =
10 2
1 7 2 1 18
6 10 10
6 ∙ =
10 5
1 8 2 1 49
7 10 10
7 ∙ =
10 10
 1 9 1 32
8 10 10
2
8 ∙
10 5
=
1 10 2 1 81
9 10 10
9 ∙ =
10 10
1 11 2 1
10 10 10
10 ∙ =10
10
63 77
μ= ∑ X ∙ P ( X ) = 10 OR 6.3 =
μ= ∑ X 2 ∙ P ( X )
2 OR
38.5
Step 1: Find the mean of the probability distribution.
𝒎𝒆𝒂𝒏?

μ=1 ( 101 )+2( 101 )+ 3( 101 )+4 ( 101 )+5( 101 )+ 6( 101 )+7 ( 101 )+8( 101 )+ 9( 101 )+10( 101 )
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
μ= + 10 + + + + + + + +
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
65
μ=
10
OR 6.5
𝒗𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆?
Step 2: Multiply the square of the value of the random variable X to
its corresponding probability.
Solution:
σ =∑( x−μ ¿ x P ( x )−μ
2 2 2

1 1
= [1 ( 10 ) + 2 ( 10 ) +
2 2 2
σ
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1
)+ 4 ( )+5 ( )+6 ( )+ 7 ( )+8 ( )+9 ( )+10 ( )] - ¿
2
3(
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10

Step 3: Get the sum of the results obtained in Step 2.

Solution:
σ = 38.5 – 39.69
2

Step 4: Subtract the mean from the results obtained in Step 3.

Solution:
σ
2
= - 1.19
𝑺𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒂𝒓𝒅 𝒅𝒆𝒗𝒊𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏?
σ = √∑¿¿
σ = √−1.19
σ = UNDEFINED

5. Find the variance and standard deviation of the probability

x+1
distribution of a random variable X if P(x) = 20 for X = 1, 2, 3, 4
and 5.

2
X P(X) X∙ P(X) X ∙ P (X )
x+1 x+21 x+1 x +1
1 20 20
1∙
2
20
=
20
x+1 x+ 41 2 x+1 x +1
2 20 20
2 ∙
20
=
5
x+1 x+61 2 x+ 1 9 x +9
3 20 20
3 ∙
20
=
20
x+1 x+ 81 2 x+1 4 x+ 4
4 20 20
4 ∙
20
=
5
x+1 x+101 2 x+ 1 5 x+ 5
5 20 20
5 ∙
20
=
4
x+305 11 x+11
μ= ∑ X ∙ P ( X ) =
20 OR
μ= ∑ X 2 ∙ P ( X )= 4
15.25
Step 1: Find the mean of the probability distribution.
𝒎𝒆𝒂𝒏?

μ= 1 ( x+201 )+2( x+1

20 ) ( 20 ) ( 20 ) ( 20 )
+3
x+1
+4
x +1
+5
x +1

x+21 x+ 41 x+61 x+ 81 x+101

μ= + + + +
20 20 20 20 20
 x +305
μ=
20
OR 15.25
𝒗𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆?
Step 2: Multiply the square of the value of the random variable X to
its corresponding probability.
Solution:
σ =∑( x−μ ¿ x P ( x )−μ
2 2 2

x+1 2 x+1 2 x+ 1 2 x +1 2 x +1
= [1 ( )+2 ( )+3 (
20 ] -
2
σ
2
)+4 ( )+5 ( ) ¿
20 20 20 20

Step 3: Get the sum of the results obtained in Step 2.

Solution:
11 x+11
σ
2
= 4 – 232.5625

Step 4: Subtract the mean from the results obtained in Step 3.

Solution:
44 x +3677
σ
2
= 4

𝑺𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒂𝒓𝒅 𝒅𝒆𝒗𝒊𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏?
σ = √∑¿¿

σ =
√ 44 x−3677
4

σ =
√ 44 x−3677
2

C. Solve the following problems.

1. The probabilities of a machine manufacturing 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5

defective parts in one day are 0.75, 0.17, 0.04, 0.025, 0.01 and
 0.005, respectively. Find the variance and standard deviation of
the probability distribution.

2
X P(X) X∙ P(X) X ∙ P (X )

0.75 0.00 (0¿ ¿2)∙0.75=0 ¿

0
0.17 0.17 (1¿¿ 2)∙ 0.17=0.17 ¿
1
0.04 0.08 (2¿¿ 2)∙ 0.04=0.16 ¿
2
0.025 0.075 (3¿¿ 2)∙ 0.025=0.225 ¿
3
0.01 0.04 (4¿¿ 2)∙ 0.01=0.16 ¿
4
0.005 0.025 (5¿¿ 2)∙ 0.025=0.625 ¿
5
=0.39 μ= ∑ X ∙ P ( X ) μ= ∑ X 2 ∙ P ( X ) = 1.725
Step 1: Find the mean of the probability distribution.
𝒎𝒆𝒂𝒏?
μ= 0 ( 0.75 )+2 ( 0.17 )+ 3 ( 0.04 ) + 4 ( 0.01 ) +5 ( 0.005 )

μ= 0.00 +0.17 + 0.08 + 0.075 + 0.04 + 0.025

μ=¿0.39

𝒗𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆?
Step 2: Multiply the square of the value of the random variable X to
its corresponding probability.
Solution:
σ =∑( x−μ ¿ x P ( x )−μ
2 2 2

σ
2
= [02 ( 0.75) + 22 (0.17) + 32 (0.04 )+ 4 2(0.01)+5 2( 0.025)] - ¿
Step 3: Get the sum of the results obtained in Step 2.
Solution:
σ = 1.725 – 0.1521
2
 Step 4: Subtract the mean from the results obtained in Step 3.
Solution:
σ
2
= 1.5729
𝑺𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒂𝒓𝒅 𝒅𝒆𝒗𝒊𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏?
σ = √∑¿¿
σ = √ 1.5729
σ = 1.25415
The variance 1.5729 and the standard deviation is 1.25415.

2. The number of computers sold per day at a local computer

store, along with its corresponding probabilities, is shown in the
table below. Find the variance and standard deviation of the
distribution.
The number of Probability X∙ P(X)
2
X ∙P (X )
computer sold X P(X)
0.1 0
2
0 (0) ∙ 0.1=0

0.2 0.2
2
1 (1) ∙ 0.2=0.2

0.3 0.6
2
2 (2) ∙ 0.3=1.2

0.2 0.6
2
3 (3) ∙ 0.2=1.8

0.2 0.8
2
4 (4) ∙ 0.2=3.2

=2.2 μ= ∑ X ∙ P ( X ) μ= ∑ X 2 ∙ P ( X ) = 6.4
Step 1: Find the mean of the probability distribution.
𝒎𝒆𝒂𝒏?
μ=0 ( 0.1 ) +1 ( 0.2 ) +2 ( 0.3 ) +3 ( 0.2 ) +4 ( 0.2 )

μ= 0 +0.2+ 0.6 + 0.6+ 0.8

μ=¿2.2

𝒗𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆?
Step 2: Multiply the square of the value of the random variable X to
its corresponding probability.
Solution:
σ =∑( x−μ ¿ x P ( x )−μ
2 2 2

σ
2
= [02 ( 0.1) + 12 (0.2) + 22 (0.3)+32 (0.2)+4 2 (0.2)] - ¿
Step 3: Get the sum of the results obtained in Step 2.
Solution:
σ = 6.4 – 4.84
2

Step 4: Subtract the mean from the results obtained in Step 3.

Solution:
σ
2
= 1.56
𝑺𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒂𝒓𝒅 𝒅𝒆𝒗𝒊𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏?
σ = √∑¿¿
σ = √ 1.56
σ = 1.249
The variance 1.56 and the standard deviation is 1.249.

3. The number of inquiries received per day by the office of

admissions in a certain university is shown below. Find the
variance and standard deviation.
Number of
2
Probability X∙ P(X) X ∙ P (X )
inquiries X P(X)
22 0.08 1.76
2
(22) ∙ 0.08=38.72

23 0.19 4.37
2
(23) ∙ 0.19=100.51

24 0.36 8.64
2
(24) ∙ 0.36=207.36

25 0.25 6.25
2
(25) ∙ 0.25=156.25

26 0.07 1.82
2
(26) ∙0.07=47.32

27 0.05 1.35
2
(27) ∙0.05=36.45

=24.19 μ= ∑ X ∙ P ( X ) μ= ∑ X 2 ∙ P ( X ) = 586.61
Step 1: Find the mean of the probability distribution.
𝒎𝒆𝒂𝒏?
μ=22 ( 0.08 ) +23 ( 0.19 ) +24 ( 0.36 ) +25 ( 0.25 ) +26 ( 0.07 ) +27 ( 0.05 )

μ= 1.76 +4.37 + 8.64 + 6.25 + 1.82 + 1.35

μ=¿24.19

𝒗𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆?
Step 2: Multiply the square of the value of the random variable X to
its corresponding probability.
Solution:
σ =∑( x−μ ¿ x P ( x )−μ
2 2 2

σ
2
= [222 (0.08) + 232 (0.19) + 242 (0.36)+252 ( 0.25)+26 2 (0.07)+272 (0.05)] - ¿
Step 3: Get the sum of the results obtained in Step 2.
Solution:
σ = 586.61 – 585.1561
2

Step 4: Subtract the mean from the results obtained in Step 3.

Solution:
σ
2
= 1.4539
𝑺𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒂𝒓𝒅 𝒅𝒆𝒗𝒊𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏?
σ = √∑¿¿
σ = √ 1.4539
σ = 1.20578
The variance 1.4539 and the standard deviation is 1.20578.