EUR Doc 011

EUR Doc 011
INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION
EUROPEAN AND NORTH ATLANTIC OFFICE
EUR FREQUENCY MANAGEMENT MANUAL
for
Aeronautical Mobile
and
Aeronautical Radio Navigation
Services
Edition 2023
EUR Frequency Management Manual – ICAO EUR Doc 011 (2023) ii
AMENDMENTS
Procedure for the Amendment of the EUR Frequency Management Manual

Principles and procedures for the amendment of EUR Documents, as approved by EASPG, are
contained in the EASPG Handbook, EUR Doc 001. Accordingly, amendments to the EUR Frequency
Management Manual which have been approved by the FMG are formally endorsed by EASPG and/or
PCG. Amendments to the EUR Frequency Management Manual shall be effected on the basis of an
adequately documented proposal submitted to the FMG of the EASPG. Such proposals should include
draft new text clearly identifying additions, modifications and deletions of existing text.
The latest edition of this Manual, including endorsed amendments, will be promulgated to FMG
members by the ICAO Regional Office and access will be provided at the ICAO Website.
INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION

European and North Atlantic Office
Web http://www.icao.int/EURNAT/
E-mail [email protected]
Tel +33 1 46 41 85 85
Fax +33 1 46 41 85 00
Mail 3 bis Villa Emile Bergerat
F-92522 Neuilly-sur-Seine Cedex
France
Edition Subject(s) Approved

2002 Introduction of EUR Frequency Management Manual FMG/6
2003 Amendment of criteria for 3rd adjacent 8.33 kHz COM channel; FMG/7
Addition of note on COM offset-carrier systems;
Addition of note on extension of ILS Glide Path up to 15 NM;
Amendment of DME planning criteria for different pulse code;
and
Amendment of planning criteria for identifications of radio
navigation aids.
2004 Amendment concerning VDL and 8.33 kHz for OPC; FMG/8
Amendment concerning VHF COM area to broadcast services
separation distance;
Amendment concerning NDB frequency co-ordination above
526.5 kHz;
Amendment of GBAS VDB provisions; and
Amendment of planning criteria for identifications according to
Annex 11.
2005 Amendment concerning ILS frequency assignment planning; FMG/9
Addition of note concerning VHF COM vertical separation;
Addition of Block Planning Rules (Appendix to Part II); and
Addition of offset carrier (CLIMAX) information.
2006 Amendment concerning temporary guidance for GBAS/H FMG/10
planning criteria,
Amendment concerning temporary use of ILS to GBAS planning
co-ordination criteria,
Amendment concerning GBAS VDB frequency planning
assignment criteria,
Amendment concerning Block Planning procedure
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
PART I SCOPE AND GENERAL OVERVIEW
EUR Frequency Management Manual – ICAO EUR Doc 011 (2023) iii
2007 Amendment concerning Maritime Radio Beacons with DGPS FMG/11

transmissions
Amendment concerning the RSBN4 System
Amendment concerning ground-based augmentation system
(GBAS)
Amendment concerning the procedure to allocate or request a
new UHF Channel for ATC communications in GAT
2008 Amendment concerning the utilization of the frequency band
117.975 – 137 MHz
Amendment concerning the coordination and registration
procedure for aeronautical frequency
2009 Amendment concerning the utilization of the frequency band FMG/13
117.975 – 137 MHz;
Amendment concerning the VHF AirGround communications
frequency assignment planning criteria;
Amendment concerning Directional DME;
Amendment concerning unwarranted objections;
Amendment concerning country codes & addresses to be used for
frequency coordination;
Amendment concerning international coordination of mobile
offshore NDB idents;
Amendment concerning handling incomplete COM3 & COM4
coordination messages.
2010 Amendment concerning DME. FMG/14
Amendment concerning GBAS material
2011 Amendment in Part II in relation to AS Assignments FMG/15
Amendment in Part III, Section 1, NDB & Locator
2011 Amendment in Appendix A part IV
(corrigended) Amendment in Part II, Section 4 (para. 4.1.1.1 added)
2012 Amendment in Part I, section 3 FMG/16
Amendment in Part II, section 1, 4 and 5
Removal of Appendix in Part II
2013 Amendment in Part II, new section 7 “Utilization of the frequency FMG/17
band 112 – 117.975 MHz
Note added to the title of Part III
Amendment in Part I, section 3
Amendment in Part II, section 4, para 4.2.5
2013 Amendment in Part II, section 5 FMG/18
Amendment in Part II, section 2 , “8.33 in the OPC band”
2014 Amendment in Part III, section 3, MLS FMG/19
2014 Amendment in Part II, section 2, addition of para 2.2 FMG/20
Amendment in Part II, section 1, addition of para 1.9
Amendment in Part IV, Section 1, 2, 3 and 4
Amendment in Part III, Section 7, identification of NDBs on
maritime Vessels
2015 Amendment in Part II, General, 8.33 kHz Climax FMG/21
Amendment in Part II, section 4, addition of text “consideration of
terrain in compatibility assessment”
Amendment in Part II, section 5, DSM-AM to DSB-AM
Amendment in Part III, Part 7, Note on “NDB identifications”
Amendment in Part IV, Appendix C “Mandatory Coordination
Data”, deletion of Appendix D
2016 Amendment in Part II, Section 2, utilization of frequency band FMG/22
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
EUR Frequency Management Manual – ICAO EUR Doc 011 (2023) iv
117.975-137 MHz
Amendment in Part II, Section 3 and 4
Amendments in Part II, Section 7, Utilization of the Frequency
band 112 – 117.975 MHz
Amendment in Part II, addition of section 8 “VDL Mode 2
Assignments”
Amendment in Part III, Section 1, NDB
Amendment in Part III, Section 3, Addition of Note in Para 3.1.1
Amendment in Part III, Section 5, DME
Amendment to the Supplement of EUR Doc 011, Insertion of
section “B. Guidance on the Coordination of Common
Assignments”
2017 Amendment in Part II, Section 1 FMG/23
Amendment in Part II, Section 3 and Section 8
Amendment in Part III, Section 2, ILS Frequency Assignment
Planning Criteria
Amendment in Part III, Section 5, DME
Editorial Updates in Part III, Section 1
Amendment to the Supplement of EUR Doc 011, Insertion of
section F “VDL Ground Station Installation Guidance”
2018 Amendment List of Abbreviations and Part I, General Overview FMG/24

Amendment Part II, Section 1, Pilot Controlled Lighting
Amendment Part II, Add Section 9, VLD Mode 4 Assignements
Amendment part III, Section 5, DME
Amendment part III, Section 4, GBAS
Amendment to the Supplement of EUR Doc 011:

• Addition of Guidance on DME First Adjacent-Channel
Compatibility
• Addition Section D ‘Prioritisation Method for DME
Channels’
2019 Amendment Part III, Section 3, VOR FMG/25
Amendment Part III, Section 7, Identification of Radio Navigation
Aids, deletion of a note
Amendment to Appendix A to Part III
Updates for Spain in Appendix A “Country Codes and AFTN
Addresses”
Amendment to the Supplement of EUR Doc 011:

• Amendment in Part A Section 2.2
• Addition of Part I : “Convention for Indicating the angular
limits of sectorization in range”, old method.
2020 Amendments in entire document on : FMG/26
- Renaming of Table COM 2 into Table COM, Table COM
3 and COM 4 into Table NAV (EASPG Conclusion 1/20
refers)
- Renaming of EANPG into EASPG
- Removal of outdated references to old versions of EUR
Air Navigation Plan (BASIC Vol I and FASID Vol II),
with references of new EUR ANP Vol I and EUR ANP
Vol II published in 2016.
2021 Amendment in Part II: VHF Air-Ground Communications FMG/27
Frequency Assignment Planning Criteria, Addition of section 4
Channels and Assignments: Classification and Treatment
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
EUR Frequency Management Manual – ICAO EUR Doc 011 (2023) v
2022 a) Updates to Appendix A: Country Codes and AFTN Addresses FMG/28

to be used for frequency coordination
b) New allotment plan for VDL 2 channels: amendments to the
EUR Doc 011 related to the allotment of the frequency 136.675
MHz for VDL 2, including the new channel allotment plan for
data link (EASPG Decision 4/10 refers)
c) Update in Part I, section 3 regarding RPAS C2 Link (EASPG
Conclusion 4/16).
2023 a) Extension of temporary allotment of the frequency 136.675 FMG/29

MHz for VDL 2 until 31 December 2027 (EASPG Decision
5/18 refers).
b) Endorsement of new coordination procedures for Urgent

Frequency Assignment and Temporary Frequency Assignment
(EASPG Decision 5/19). The new procedures are included in
the EUR Doc 011 supplement.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
EUR Frequency Management Manual – ICAO EUR Doc 011 (2023) vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS
AMENDMENTS ...................................................................................................................................................................... ii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................................................................... viii
PART I SCOPE AND GENERAL OVERVIEW ............................................................................................................ 1
1 Scope ............................................................................................................................................................................... 1
2 The Frequency Management Group ............................................................................................................................ 2
3 General Rules for Co-ordination of Frequency Assignments .................................................................................... 3
PART II VHF AIR-GROUND COMMUNICATIONS FREQUENCY ASSIGNMENT PLANNING CRITERIA ... 5
1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................... 5
2 Utilization of the frequency band 117.975 – 137 MHz ................................................................................................ 7
3 Services and frequency protection volumes ............................................................................................................... 10
4 Channels and Assignments: Classification and Treatment ...................................................................................... 12
5 Co-channel separation distances between services.................................................................................................... 15
6 Adjacent channel separation distances between services ......................................................................................... 19
7 Operational Control .................................................................................................................................................... 21
8 Utilization of the Frequency Band 112 – 117.975 MHz ............................................................................................ 21
9 VDL Mode 2 Assignments ........................................................................................................................................... 23
10 VDL Mode 4 Assignments ........................................................................................................................................... 23
PART III RADIO NAVIGATION AID FREQUENCY ASSIGNMENT PLANNING CRITERIA ...................... 24
1 NDB and locator .......................................................................................................................................................... 24
2 ILS................................................................................................................................................................................. 34
3 VOR .............................................................................................................................................................................. 41
4 GBAS ............................................................................................................................................................................ 53
5 DME.............................................................................................................................................................................. 63
6 MLS .............................................................................................................................................................................. 79
7 Identifications of Radio Navigation Aids ................................................................................................................... 80
8 Non-ICAO Standard Systems operating in Part or in Total within ARNS Bands ................................................. 82
PART IV FREQUENCY CO-ORDINATION AND REGISTRATION PROCEDURES ............................................ 88
1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................. 88
2 General ......................................................................................................................................................................... 88
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
EUR Frequency Management Manual – ICAO EUR Doc 011 (2023) vii
3 Basic Co-ordination and Registration Procedures for Aeronautical Frequency Assignments .............................. 89
4 Procedure to allocate or request a New UHF Channel for ATC Communications in GAT .................................. 98
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
EUR Frequency Management Manual – ICAO EUR Doc 011 (2023) viii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
Abbreviations which are defined in the Procedures for Air Navigation Services – ICAO Abbreviations
and Codes (PANS-ABC) (Doc 8400) are used in accordance with the meanings and usages given
therein. As far as possible, the abbreviations used in this document and outlined below are those which
have the widest international use. Their meaning is explained below:
ACARS Aircraft Communications Addressing and Reporting System

AM Amplitude Modulation
ANP Air Navigation Plan
CCIR International Radio Consultative Committee (predecessor of ITU-R)

COG EANPG Coordination Group (predecessor of the PCG)
dB Decibel
DOC Designated Operational Coverage
DPSK Differential Phase Shift Keying
D/U Desired to Undesired
eANP Electronic Air Navigation Plan
EANPG European Air Navigation Planning Group (predecessor of the EASPG)
EASPG European Aviation System Planning Group
ECAC European Civil Aviation Conference
EIRP Equivalent Isotropically Radiated Power (ITU Radio Regulations 1.161)
EMRP Effective Monopole Radiated Power (ITU Radio Regulations 1.163)
ERP Effective Radiated Power (ITU Radio Regulations 1.162)
EUR ICAO European region
EUR ANP European Air Navigation Plan (Doc 7754)
FASID Facilities and Services Implementation Document (predecessor of the eANP)
FCB Frequency Co-ordinating Body (predecessor of the FMG and dissolved in 1995)
FMG Frequency Management Group (established in 1995)
GBAS Ground-based augmentation system (a GNSS element)
GHz Gigahertz
IAOPA International Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association
IATA International Air Transport Association
ITU International Telecommunication Union
ITU-R ITU Radiocommunication Sector
kHz Kilohertz
MHz Megahertz
PCG EASPG Programme Coordination Group
SAFIRE Spectrum and Frequency Information Resource
SUM Standard Updating Message
VDL VHF Air-ground Digital Link
W Watt
Conventions
Shall Indicates that the requirement is mandatory to be able to claim compliance with this
document.
Will Indicates an intention or assumption for something.
Should Indicates a desirable requirement that cannot be justifiably mandated.
May Indicates that may be at the choice for example of a State or frequency manager.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
EUR Frequency Management Manual – ICAO EUR Doc 011 (2023) 1
1 Scope
1.1 Frequency assignment planning for the aeronautical frequency bands listed below are subject to
ICAO EUR regional planning criteria and procedures:
LF/MF 255 – 495 kHz and NDB and locator

505 – 526.5 kHz
VHF 108 – 117.975 MHz ILS localizer (below 112 MHz), VOR and GBAS
117.975 – 137 MHz Air-ground communications
UHF 328.6 – 335.4 MHz ILS glide path

960 – 1215 MHz DME
SHF 5030 – 5150 MHz MLS
1.2 Aeronautical HF air-ground communications frequencies are planned in accordance with

Appendix 27 of the ITU Radio Regulations and are not subject to ICAO regional planning
procedures. Compilation of co-ordinated frequencies and ground stations is handled by ICAO
Headquarters in Montreal.
1.3 A number of other frequency bands are used by aviation. In many cases, these bands are not
allocated exclusively to aeronautical services. ICAO frequency assignment planning procedures,
however, have been developed and are applied only for the bands listed under paragraph 1.1
above.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2 The Frequency Management Group
2.1 The Frequency Management Group (FMG) is established by EANPG Decision 37/2 to
pursue the tasks of the Group in the field of aeronautical frequency spectrum management in
support to the relevant ICAO Strategic Objectives with the following TORs:
a) Ensure the continuous and coherent development of the relevant sections of the European
eANP and other relevant regional documents, including EUR Doc 011 Frequency
Management Manual, taking into account the evolving operational requirements in the
EUR Region and the need for harmonization with the adjacent regions in compliance
with the Global Air Navigation Plan;
b) Monitor and coordinate implementation of the relevant ICAO SARPs and regional
procedures, facilities and services by the EUR States and where necessary promote and
facilitate harmonization, taking due account of financial and institutional issues;
c) Identify any deficiencies in the aeronautical frequency spectrum management related

matters in the EUR Region and coordinate the development and implementation of
relevant action plans by the States to resolve them;
d) Foster implementation by facilitating the exchange of know-how and transfer of

knowledge and experience among States of the Region;
e) Provide input to the work of appropriate ICAO bodies in the field of aeronautical
frequency spectrum, according to the established procedures.
2.2 The main tasks of the FMG are:
a) to establish co-ordinated frequency assignment plans for the EUR aeronautical mobile
services and the EUR radio navigation aids service, and to make recommendations, as
necessary, concerning frequency aspects of their implementation;
b) to co-ordinate the frequency aspects of new requirements, as necessary;
c) to give advice to States on questions of frequency assignment, rated coverage, etc., as

necessary;
d) to undertake specific tasks assigned to it by the EASPG;
e) to advise the EASPG on frequency spectrum issues covering all aeronautical radio
services, including satellite based facilities; and
f) to work in liaison with relevant international organisations.
2.3 Each State within the region and relevant international organisations such as
EUROCONTROL, IATA and IAOPA should nominate a FMG Member, being authorised
with the responsibility for aeronautical frequency management. In order to take care of
possible problems in the border area between Regions, the EUR FMG also includes experts
from States adjacent to the European Region, in practice the States along the Mediterranean.
Contact details can be found in a "List of FMG members and frequency experts" published
by the ICAO Paris office.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3 General Rules for Co-ordination of Frequency Assignments
3.1 Chapters 4 and 5 of Volume I of the ICAO “Handbook on Radio Frequency Spectrum
Requirements for Civil Aviation” (Doc 9718) provide an overview of institutional relations
important to aeronautical frequency management and co-ordination of assignments.
3.2 In most cases a Telecommunications Administration / Radio Authority within a State is the
responsible superior authority for use of the radio spectrum. This includes the authority to co-
ordinate new assignments with other States under the rules of the ITU and after successful co-
ordination to register the new assignment.
3.3 There is an arrangement for coordination between Civil Aviation representatives in the EUR
region. The coordination processes are designed to ensure that States have an opportunity to
assess compatibility with the planning rules contained in this document prior to a frequency
being assigned for operational use. The EASPG has mandated the use of the Spectrum and
Frequency Information (SAFIRE) web based tool to carry out coordination and registration of
frequency assignments in the EUR Region. The basic aeronautical co-ordination procedure is
depicted below.
Requirement
for a new
assignment
Requesting State
sends proposal
to all States concerned
Requesting State negotiates

details of the proposal
any
objection(s) Requesting State
yes yes withdraws the proposal
received
?
no
ICAO Assignment granted.

ICAO and all States Requesting State
registers starts implementation
assignment concerned informed
3.4 Co-ordination is deemed to have been completed and the assignment is considered to be granted
when either:
i. All concerned States have registered their acceptance, or

ii. A 4 week period has elapsed without an objection having been registered.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3.5 For the VHF communications band 117.975 - 137 MHz special procedures are applied due to
the congestion problems in this band. Block Planning Exercises are organised, as required,
based on the mutual arrangements agreed between the States involved. These exercises are
organized for those requirements for which an available channel can only be identified through
shifting of one or more existing assignments to some other channel. The normal coordination
procedure can be used if no shifts are involved.
3.6 Co-ordination must be made with all States that in some way may be affected by the proposed
assignment. Additionally some States may have an interest in being informed about changes,
although not directly affecting them, in order to update national databases or for other purposes.
3.7 After successful co-ordination of a new or modified assignment, the assignment is registered in
SAFIRE database. All States and ICAO are informed about the registration of assignments
through SAFIRE. The registered assignments are published in the appropriate frequency
assignment table of the ICAO EUR Air Navigation Plan.
3.8 No frequency assignment for the provision of RPAS C2 links should be made in the
bands 108-137 MHz and 960-1164 MHz prior to the development of adequate frequency
planning criteria agreed by the FMG for use in the EUR Region.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
PART II VHF AIR-GROUND COMMUNICATIONS FREQUENCY

ASSIGNMENT PLANNING CRITERIA
1 General
1.1 The band 117.975 - 137 MHz is allocated to the aeronautical mobile (R) service and used
mainly for air/ground voice communications and, to some extent, air/ground data
communications.
1.2 References to documents:
- Annex 10, Volume V, paragraph 4.1

(allotment table, channelling, protection criteria);
- Annex 10, Attachment A to Volume V
(protection criteria, calculations, propagation curves);
- European Region Air Navigation Plan (Doc 7754), Volume I, Part III, Paragraphs 2.4, 2.6,
2.7, 2.9.
- European Region Air Navigation Plan (Doc 7754), Volume II, Part III, pages III-5, III-13,
III-14
.
1.3 Depending on the type of service, the protected range can be from 16 NM to 260 NM or defined
by the border of a FIR or sector. The protected altitude can vary from 3000 ft up to 45000 ft.
The actual protection details can be obtained from the frequency assignment table.
1.3.1 Protection by distance separation has in the past been achieved by making sure that any other
transmitter (on the ground or airborne) is below the radio horizon. Alternatively, a recently
introduced change to Annex 10 allows the Regional use of a desired to undesired signal ratio of
14 dB, equivalent to a 5 to 1 distance ratio, if this separation distance is shorter than the distance
to the radio horizon.
1.3.2 Risk of conflict normally only occurs between two aircraft, one in each service area, while the
location of the ground transmitter is of less importance. For practical planning special software
made available through EUROCONTROL or a table may be used, listing the required distance
between combinations of services on the same channel. Also the adjacent channel is considered.
1.3.3 Some sub-bands are reserved for special purposes. From 121.5417 to 121.9917 MHz only
ground-ground communication is allowed, typically for communications between the TWR and
taxiing aircraft. The bands 131.400 to 131.975 MHz is used by airlines for OPC according to
special rules. In several States, common frequencies are used for applications such as light
aviation, gliding and ballooning activities, etc.
1.3.3.1 Frequency assignment should be done in the dedicated sub-bands. Due to the limitations of the
sub-bands, States are strongly encouraged to introduce 8.33 kHz channel spacing to reduce
frequency congestion.
1.3.3.2 It is recommended that States reduce the antenna height and transmit power to reduce the
possibility of interference to other stations, but still be able to provide sufficient coverage.
1.3.3.3 In case of congestion of the dedicated AS sub-band, frequencies may be planned on a

temporary basis outside the sub-band in accordance with the planning criteria.
1.3.4 Three channels are used for ACARS which is not an ICAO system. The uppermost part of the
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
PART II RADIO NAVIGATION AID FREQUENCY ASSIGNMENT PLANNING CRITERIA
VHF COM band (136.700 – 136.975 MHz) is reserved for VDL Mode 2 and VDL Mode 4.
1.3.5 Frequency assignments can be reserved for a common use over several States. Guidance
material on the allotment, coordination and compatibility assessment between common
assignments is provided in the Supplement to EUR Doc011.
1.4 The risk of interference from broadcasting stations in the band 87 - 108 MHz, due to
interference caused by unwanted emissions into the aeronautical band or generated in the
airborne receiver, is generally not considered to be an operational problem for this type of
communications.
1.5 Co-ordination must at least be made with States which may be affected by the proposal. Special
care is required for assignments with a very large co-ordination distance (e.g. VOLMET) which
may exist on almost any frequency in the band.
1.6 It has been agreed within the FMG to use a special procedure due to the congestion problems in
this band. Requests for assignments which cannot be satisfied without shifts have to be
submitted to a Block Planning exercise , which is run about every six months and based on the
mutual arrangements agreed between the States involved.
1.7 Call signs and designators are not considered as part of the frequency planning process in this
band.
1.8 The ICAO planning criteria presented in this document do not provide protection against
interference phenomena which may occur if communication facilities are co-located (e.g.
interference caused by intermodulation). It is therefore possible that a proposed frequency is not
acceptable due to specific local conditions.
1.9 8.33 kHz CLIMAX. Significant numbers of aircraft currently operating in European airspace are
believed not to be equipped with radios intended for 8.33 kHz offset carrier operation.
Consequently,the assignment of 8.33 kHz channels for operation in offset carrier mode shall not
be permitted until further notice, whilst studies are conducted, except in cases where all aircraft
receiving the service are equipped with a radio intended for 8.33 kHz offset carrier operation.
Note: Aircraft radios intended for 8.33 kHz offset carrier operation should be compliant
with the requirements for EUROCAE ED-23C Class H1 or H2 receivers.
1.10 EANPG Conclusion 56/04 invites States to permit the use of TWR frequencies by vehicles
involved in runway operations, where required:
Note: Any assignment of a TWR frequency to vehicles involved in runway operation should be
subject to local safety assessment. Such assessment should address in particular training,
operating procedures and the use of one language in radiotelephony communications between
air crews, vehicle drivers and TWR controllers, and enforcement measures.
1.11 At aerodromes where a VHF pilot-controlled lighting systems are deployed, these should
generally operate on the frequency assigned to the aerodrome. No separate frequency should be
required.
1.12 Assignment of VHF Data Link (VDL) services. States shall only coordinate and assign VDL
Mode 2 and 4 frequencies approved by the FMG and contained in the VHF data link channel
plan.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2 Utilization of the frequency band 117.975 – 137 MHz
2.1 The table is based on Annex 10, Volume V, 4.1.1 also incorporating regional agreements on
specific uses of individual frequencies or sub-bands and the identification of the assignable 25
kHz and 8.33 kHz channels:
Channel Frequencies (MHz) Worldwide General EUR special application or

utilization remarks
118.000 – 118.000 - 121.4583 Aeronautical Mobile 119.700 MHz reserved for regional
121.460 inclusive Services guard supplementary tower and
inclusive approach services.
121.500 121.500 Emergency frequency
121.540 – 121.5417 - 121.9916 Aerodrome Surface
121.990 inclusive Communications
inclusive
122.000 – 122.000 - 123.0583 Aeronautical Mobile 122.100 MHz reserved as common
123.060 inclusive Services channel to provide supplementary
TWR/APP services in a number of
nations.
122.500 MHz reserved for regional
light aviation.
123.100 123.100 Auxiliary frequency
SAR
123.140 – 123.1417 - 136.4916 Aeronautical Mobile123.300 MHz reserved as common
136.490 inclusive Services channel to provide PAR services in
123.450 MHz reserved a number of nations.
for air-to-air
123.450 MHz reserved for air-to-
communications air communications only for flights
for
flights over remote andover remote and oceanic areas out
oceanic areas out of of range of VHF ground stations
range of VHF ground 123.500 MHz reserved for regional
stations light aviation
131.400 – 131.975 MHz reserved
for operational control (OPC)
communications*
131.525, 131.725 and 131.825
reserved for ACARS data link
136.500 – 136.500 - 136.675 Aeronautical Mobile New assignments permitted only
136.675** Services on a temporary basis.***
136.700 – 136.700 - 136.975 Aeronautical Mobile reserved for air-ground data link
136.975** inclusive Services communications
136.900 - 136.975 (see paragraph 2.2.)
MHz reserved for air-
ground data link
communications on a
worldwide basis.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Guard bands:
For 121.500: Channels 121.475, and 121.525, are not assignable; and
For 123.100: Channels 123.065, 123.075, 123.080, 123.085, 123.115, 123.125, 123.130, and 123.135 are not assignable, except for
ATIS on channels 123.080 and 123.130.
*OPC: Assignments used for OPC purposes shall not be co-ordinated on protected standard channels. 8.33 kHz channel spacing to be
used wherever possible, between 131.405 – 131.980 except for the ACARS channels 131.525, 131.725 and 131.825. The use of
voice at the first adjacent 8,33 kHz channel to ACARS is not possible. Care should be taken when considering the use of the
second adjacent channel at 16,67 kHz from the ACARS.
Unprotected assignments within this band can accommodate services other than OPC, where local planning conditions permit.
Concerning the use for ATS purposes of the lower adjacent frequencies to 131.400 and the upper adjacent frequencies to 131.975,
care should be exercised for the observance of adjacent channel compatibility requirements.
**Note: 8.33 kHz channel spacing is not to be used for frequencies 136.500 – 136.975 MHz inclusive (Annex 10, Volume V,
paragraph 4.1.6.1.1).
***Note: the temporary allotment of the frequency 136.675 MHz for VDL 2 is extended until 31 December 2027 as coordinated with FMG
members during FMG29 (EASPG Decision 5/18 refers):
• with reference to the EASPG Conclusion 3/13, the temporary reservation of channels 136.650 and 136.675 for VDL
Mode 2 services be removed by end of 2027.
• until the end of 2027, no proposals for frequency assignments on channels 136.650 and 136.675 for voice
communication services should be admitted and that such proposals on a temporary basis be readmitted as of 1
January 2028.
• channel 136.650 until the end of 2027 serves as guard channel. The possibility of allotting channel 136.650 to voice
communication services prior to the end of 2027 is under consideration.
2.2 The table below contains the VHF data link channel plan in the sub-band 136.700 – 136.975
MHz
Frequencies (MHz) Usage Remarks
136.700 VDL Mode 2 AIR


136.825 VDL Mode 2 GND
136.875 VDL Mode 2 GND
136.925 VDL Mode 4 common signalling channel (CSC)

VDL Mode 2 GND

136.975 VDL Mode 2 common signalling channel (CSC)
Note 1: GND means that the channel is planned for use mainly by ground stations providing airport coverage.
AIR means that the channel is planned for use mainly by ground stations providing en-route coverage.
Note 2: Services in all VDL Mode 2-allotted channels can be delivered by using dual DSP ID (dual squitter) technology.
Note 3: Subject to evaluation of local conditions and data traffic intensity, VDL services can be deployed on first-adjacent channels. The
factor enabling the compatibility of 25 kHz-adjacent-channel services is the sufficient distant separation between receive and
transmit antennas of such services on the ground, which is estimated up to about 3 NM.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Note 4: The use of channel 136.925 by VDL Mode 2 services requires the agreement of States in the ICAO EUR Region planning VDL
Mode 4 services on this channel, in which case paragraph 4.2.12 of Part II of this Manual applies. The co-ordination of frequency
assignments on channel 136.925 for VDL Mode 2 services should be accompanied with a precise specification of the DOC, when
the use of this channel is not limited strictly on the ground. With the exception of this compatibility constraint between VDL Mode
2 and VDL Mode 4 services on channel 136.925, VDL co-channel and adjacent-channel frequency assignments by different States
are considered a priori mutually compatible.
Note 5: CSC is expected to be used primarily for signaling purposes. The exchange of data traffic on CSC is to be avoided unless under
conditions of light loading of the channel.
Note 6: In line with ICAO Annex 10 Volume III ATTACHMENT TO PART I. GUIDANCE MATERIAL FOR THE VHF DIGITAL LINK
(VDL), Section 4.5 and in order to minimize the probability of simultaneous transmissions by hidden transmitters, an AIR channel
should not be used for aerodrome surface communications except in areas of very low channel loading.
Note 7: In line with ICAO Annex 10 Volume III ATTACHMENT TO PART I. GUIDANCE MATERIAL FOR THE VHF DIGITAL LINK
(VDL), Section 4.4 and in order to minimize the probability of simultaneous uplink transmissions from ground stations causing
message collisions and affecting channel performance, the smallest number of ground stations possible should be used to provide en-
route coverage.
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3 Services and frequency protection volumes
3.1 Information on frequency assignments includes designations of services for which the
frequencies are used. The designations and abbreviations indicated below should be used:
3.1.1 Aerodrome
TWR Aerodrome control service

AS Aerodrome surface communications
PAR Precision approach radar
AFIS Aerodrome flight information service
3.1.2 Approach
APP Approach control service

ATIS Automatic terminal information service
3.1.3 En route
FIS Flight information service

ACC Area control service
3.1.4 Other functions
A/A Air-to-air
A/G Air-to-ground
EMERG Emergency
OPC Operational control
SAR Search and rescue
VOLMET Meteorological broadcast for aircraft in flight
DL Data Link services
3.2 The DOC is that agreed to be the standard for the region (). Values different from those
indicated may be used in some cases, as appropriate. Minimum required coverage volumes
should be used where frequency congestion exists.
3.3 The frequency protection volume of a service is usually identical to the designated operational
coverage. It defines the airspace where the frequency assignment planning process provides
protection from other assignments.
3.4 A combined code was developed in the EUR Region for the definition of the service type and
the frequency protection volume.
3.4.1 A letter provides information on the type of service:
A area service (e.g. ACC);

B broadcast service without airborne transmission (e.g. ATIS, VOLMET);
C circular service (e.g. TWR, APP, AS);
E European service (e.g. EMERG, SAR); and
U Unprotected service (e.g. OPC).
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3.4.2 A numeric part specifies the DOC (range (r)/height (h)) for all service types except for area
services where the horizontal extension is defined as a polygon):
A-h the vertical extension is provided as an integer multiple of 100 ft (e.g. A-450 is used
for an area service with an upper limit at 45000 ft for sector Upper1);
B-r/h the horizontal circular extension is expressed in NM and the vertical extension in
integer multiples of 100 ft (e.g. B-60/200 is used for a broadcast service with a range
of 60 NM and a vertical extension of 20000 ft);
C-r/h as for B-r/h (e.g. C-40/150 is used for an approach service with a range of 40 NM and
a vertical extension of 15000 ft);
ICAO Table COMcontains a specific field to indicate whether an assignment has protected or
unprotected status. Unprotected services, such as OPC, are recorded in Table COM with the
protection field set to “U”.
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4 Channels and Assignments: Classification and Treatment
4.1 Definitions
Channel type
4.1.1 Assignable channels are classified as follows:
4.1.1.1 Standard channel is a channel where frequency compatibility between assignments on the
same channel is assessed using distance separation criteria.
Note: A standard channel may be used commonly by a group of States for a specific
purpose such that assignments of participating States on this channel are considered a
priori compatible. However, compatibility with assignments of non-participating States is
assessed using distance separation criteria.
4.1.1.2 Special purpose channel is a channel designated for a specific purpose where frequency
compatibility between assignments on the same channel is assumed a priori. Special
conditions may apply for the use of such channels.
4.1.1.2.1 Special purpose channels are:
a) the Emergency channel (121.500);

b) the SAR channel (123.100);
c) the assignable channels of the data link sub-band;
d) the channels of the OPC sub-band (131.400-131.975 MHz);
e) the channels 122.500, 122.505 and 123.500, 123.505, that are reserved for
regional light aviation.
Assignment type
4.1.2 Frequency assignments are classified according to their status of protection as follows:
4.1.2.1 Protected frequency assignment: A frequency assignment whose stations are expected to
operate free from harmful interference within the corresponding DOC, unless otherwise
implied by the applicable planning and co-ordination rules or by bilateral agreement.
Note 1: Protected frequency assignments should preferably be made on standard channels.
Note 2: Restrictions apply to the protection of reception of protected frequency assignments

proposed or registered on or close to a channel in (d) or (e) of paragraph 4.1.1.2.1. (See
sub-section 4.2.3 below).
Note 3: Frequency assignments on the channels (a), (b) and (c) of paragraph 4.1.1.2.1 are
considered by convention as protected frequency assignments.
4.1.2.2 Unprotected frequency assignment: A frequency assignment for which compatibility of

reception is not assessed in the planning of aeronautical frequency assignments. Stations
operating in accordance with such an assignment may expect interference from other
aeronautical assignments.
4.2 Planning for protected and unprotected frequency assignments:

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4.2.1 Any two unprotected frequency assignments are considered a priori compatible.
4.2.2 Protected and unprotected frequency assignments on standard channels:
4.2.2.1 The reception and the transmission of a protected frequency assignment are considered
compatible with those of another protected frequency assignment, when sufficient distance
or frequency separation exists to ensure the protection of the reception of both assignments.
4.2.2.2 The reception and the transmission of a protected frequency assignment are considered
compatible with those of an unprotected frequency assignment with a DOC height greater
than zero, when sufficient distance or frequency separation exists to ensure the protection of
the reception of the protected assignment.
4.2.2.3 The reception and the transmission of an unprotected frequency assignment with a DOC
height greater than zero are considered compatible with those of a protected frequency
assignment, when sufficient distance or frequency separation exists to ensure the protection
of the reception of the protected assignment.
4.2.2.4 New or modified unprotected frequency assignments on standard channels shall be

coordinated with their actual DOC, i.e. the actual range and height greater than zero.
Note: Unprotected frequency assignments on standard channels that are planned to be used
only on the ground should be coordinated with a height equal to 1 (i.e. 100ft).
4.2.2.4.1 Unprotected frequency assignments with a DOC height equal to zero operate on condition
that they should not cause harmful interference to nor claim protection from any protected
frequency assignment, regardless of distance separation. All transmissions associated to an
unprotected frequency assignment with a DOC height equal to zero operating on a standard
channel shall be immediately discontinued on reception of an interference report indicating
the unprotected frequency assignment as the cause of the interference.
Note: Because of the above condition of operation, in a compatibility assessment registered

unprotected frequency assignments with a DOC height equal to zero can be assumed
compatible with any protected frequency assignment.
4.2.3 Protected frequency assignments on or close to the channels in (d) or (e) of paragraph
4.1.1.2.1:
4.2.3.1 The reception of a protected frequency assignment on one of the channels in (d) or (e) of
paragraph 4.1.1.2.1 is considered a priori compatible with the presence of any other
frequency assignment.
Note: No distance separation requirement is applied for the protection of the reception of
such an assignment from any other assignment.
4.2.3.2 The reception and the transmission of a protected frequency assignment on a standard
channel at frequency separation from a channel in (d) or (e) of paragraph 4.1.1.2.1 less than
25 kHz, are considered a priori compatible with the presence of any frequency assignment on
the latter channel.
Note 1: No distance separation requirement is applied for the protection of the reception of
such an assignment from assignments on the special purpose channel.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Note 2: Frequency assignments on a standard channel at 16.67 kHz frequency separation

from a channel in (d) or (e) of paragraph 4.1.1.2.1 are not expected to be subject to
harmful interference from frequency assignments on such a channel, provided the two 2nd-
adjacent-channel frequency assignments are not deployed in the same airport and that no
frequency offset is used.
4.2.3.3 The reception and the transmission of a protected frequency assignment on a standard
channel at 25 kHz frequency separation from a channel in (d) or (e) of paragraph 4.1.1.2.1
are considered compatible with frequency assignments on the latter channel, when the
distance separation foreseen in paragraph 6.1 is ensured between ground receivers of the
former assignment and ground transmitters of the latter.
4.3 Guidance on frequency co-ordination
4.3.1 A proposed assignment can be objected when it is incompatible with an existing assignment.
Note 1: A proposed assignment is incompatible with the reception of an existing protected

assignment when harmful interference is expected to the reception of the existing protected
assignment caused by transmissions of the proposed assignment. A proposed protected
assignment is incompatible with the transmission of an existing assignment when harmful
interference is expected to the reception of the proposed protected assignment caused by
transmissions of the existing assignment.
Note 2: In the case of a bilateral arrangement regarding two incompatible assignments,

one proposed and the other existing, it is recommended that the content of the arrangement
be recorded in a repository accessible to the Registration Office.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
5 Co-channel separation distances between services

DSM-AM TO DSB-AM
5.1. The following principles for VHF planning criteria for determining the separation distances
between RTF services with DSB AM carriers and 8.33 or 25 kHz channel spacing should be
used in the EUR region. Co-channel separation criteria should be applied between an 8.33 kHz
and a 25 kHz channel using the same frequency (co-frequency, e.g. channels 132.000 /
132.005).To protect a service with a circular operational coverage (circular service), the
distance from the edge of the service to another airborne or ground transmitter should be 5 times
the range of that circular service; if the other transmitter is below the radio horizon from that
service edge and the radio horizon distance is also less than 5 times the circular service range
then radio horizon distance should be used.
5.1.1 In order to ensure the appropriate frequency planning and assignment of circular services, it is
recommended that the operational coverage of circular services is such that the radius is in
appropriate proportion to the height (note : further work on this issue to be carried out).
5.1.2 To protect a service with a non-circular operational coverage area, the ground or airborne
transmitter of the other service should be below the radio horizon.
5.1.3 The protection criteria for both the requested service and the existing assignment should be met
for a valid assignment.
5.2. The following co-channel protection criteria should be used for planning purposes.
5.2.1 Circular service areas (except broadcast functions) should be planned so that the separation
distance from the edge of one circular service area to another circular service should be 5
times the larger range from those respective DOCs or the sum of their radio horizon,
whichever is least.
5.2.2 The separation distance between circular and area services should be calculated using the
radio horizon method. The separation distance between the service edge of the two services
should be the sum of the two relevant radio horizon distances (radio line-of-sight distance).
5.2.3 The separation distance between circular and broadcast services should be determined as
follows:
a) the separation distance between the aircraft receiver at the circular service edge and the ground
broadcast transmitter (actual location, not broadcast service edge) should be a minimum of 5
times the circular service range or the radio line-of-sight distance, assuming a ground antenna
height of 20 m (65 ft);
b) the separation distance between an aircraft receiver at the broadcast service edge and an
airborne transmitter at the circular service edge should be a minimum of 5 times the broadcast
service range or the sum of the two radio horizon distances; and
c) both criteria in a) and b) should be satisfied to make a valid assignment.
5.2.4 The separation distance between two area services should be calculated using the radio
horizon method.
5.2.5 In the case of national aerodrome assignments, the co-channel protection criteria applied and
the coordinated DOC should be sufficient to protect, but not exceed, that of its sub-ordinate
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
services.
5.2.6 For broadcast service to broadcast service planning, the separation distance between the edge
of one service and the ground station of the other should be calculated as follows:
a) for each service in turn, calculate:
1) the radio line-of-sight distance, assuming a ground antenna height of 20 m (65 ft); and
2) 5 times the service range; and
b) take the minimum of these figures for each service.
The broadcast service having the larger of these two figures determines the separation distance
between the edge of that service and the ground station of the other.
5.2.7 The separation distance between area and broadcast services should be determined as follows:
a) the separation distance between the aircraft receiver at the area service edge and the ground
broadcast transmitter (actual location, not broadcast service edge) should be at least the radio
line-of-sight distance, assuming a ground antenna height of 20 m (65 ft);
b) the separation distance between an aircraft receiver at the broadcast service edge and an
airborne transmitter at the area service edge should be a minimum of 5 times the broadcast
service range or the sum of the two radio horizon distances; and
c) both criteria in a) and b) should be satisfied to make a valid assignment.
Separation distances between services
The table below presents examples of minimum co-channel separation distances between edges of
service areas. The DOCs were taken from Attachment B, Part V.II, European Region Air Navigation
Plan, Volume II, FASID (except for VOLMET).
AFIS or TWR TWR APP APP ATIS APP VOLMET ACC ACC ACC ACC
DOC (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i) (j) (k)
range (NM) 16 25 25 40 60 50 271
height (ft) 3000 4000 10000 15000 20000 25000 45000 15000 25000 35000 45000
(a) AFIS 241*
80 125 125 200 250 328* 218* 261* 297* 328*
or TWR Note 1
(b) TWR 125 125 125 200 252* 250 339* 229* 272* 308* 339*
(c) APP 125 125 125 200 297* 250 384* 274* 317* 353* 384*
(d) APP 200 200 200 200 300 250 412* 302* 345* 381* 412*
(e ) ATIS 241* 252* 297* 300 124*+ 300 211*+ 300 300 300 300
(f ) APP 250 250 250 250 300 250 455* 345* 388* 424* 455*
(g) VOLMET 328* 339* 384* 412* 211*+ 455* 10*+ 412* 455* 491* 522*
(h ) ACC 218* 229* 274* 302* 300 345* 412* 302* 345* 381* 412*
(i) ACC 261* 272* 317* 345* 300 388* 455* 345* 388* 424* 455*
(j) ACC 297* 308* 353* 381* 300 424* 491* 381* 424* 460* 491*
(k ) ACC 328* 339* 384* 412* 300 455* 522* 412* 455* 491* 522*
Note 1 Distances marked with an asterisk (*) are limited to the radio-horizon
(e.g. 241*: 241 = 1.23*( 3000 + 20000 ).
Note 2 All distances given in the table are in NM and are measured between service areas.
Note 3 Distances marked with (+) were calculated assuming a ground antenna height of 65 ft (20 m).
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Consideration of terrain in compatibility assessment
5.2.8 Frequency managers are encouraged to take into consideration the effect of terrain when
conducting frequency compatibility assessment. When assessing frequency compatibility
between co-channel assignments, in cases where the path profile of the undesired co-channel
transmission is intersected by terrain, the resulting undesired field strength at a receiver can be
expected to be lower by at least 6 dB than that which would be achieved if the signal path was
unobstructed. This equates to a 50% reduction in the undesired path length. The following
approach to assessing compatibility in these cases is recommended.
5.2.9 The 5:1 Case
5.2.9.1 In cases where the co-channel planning rule requires that the separation distance between the
edges of two services should be 5 times the larger of their respective DOCs (e.g. circular-
versus-circular), compatibility can generally be assumed when:
a) The undesired signal path is intercepted by terrain; and
b) The distance between the edges of the DOCs is not less than 2.5 times the path length of
the desired signal.
5.2.10 The RLOS case
5.2.10.1 In cases where the co-channel planning rules require that the minimum separation distance
between DOC edges is the sum of the RLOS distances of the two services (e.g. area-versus-
area), compatibility can generally be assumed when:
a) The undesired signal path is intercepted by terrain; and
b) The distance between the edges of the DOCs is not less than 5 times the path length of the
desired signal.
5.2.10.2 In the case of area services where the length of the desired path is not known (i.e. where the
ground station location has not been coordinated), it is recommended that the desired path
length is taken to be 70% of the length of the maximum diagonal of the desired DOC
polygon.
Notes:
1. MANIF AFM provides a capability for conducting the compatibility assessment using the
above criteria;
2. A technical justification for the above recommendations is provided in the Supplement to

ICAO EUR Doc 011.
5.2.11 Recording of terrain masking in SAFIRE
5.2.11.1 Where a State coordinates a new assignment that does not comply with the co-channel
planning rules but, by reason of the terrain effects described above, is deemed to be
compatible with another existing assignment or with a proposal under coordination, a
relevant remark should be provided in the SAFIRE Remarks field simply by inserting the
word "TERRAIN".
VDL TO VDL & OTHER SERVICES
5.2.12 The separation distance between VDL and DSB-AM as well as between VDL and another
VDL service shall be calculated using the radio horizon method. The separation distance
between the service edges of the two services shall be the sum of their radio horizon distances.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
AERODROME SURFACE ASSIGNMENTS
5.2.13 Aerodrome Surface assignments should be planned according to the following guidance:
5.2.13.1 The band [121.5417 to 121.9916 MHz] inclusive is reserved exclusively for aerodrome
surface movement assignments (AS).
5.2.13.2 The DOC area should be coordinated as circular, with a radius of 5NM and a maximum
antenna height of 100ft (C-5/1).
5.2.13.3 AS assignments used for ATS purposes should be coordinated as protected.
5.2.13.4 AS assignments should be co-ordinated preferably in the dedicated band [121.5417 to

121.9916 MHz] inclusive. If it is necessary to plan an AS assignment outside of this band, it
should be coordinated on a temporary basis.
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6 Adjacent channel separation distances between services
DSM-AM to DSB-AM
The following planning criteria should be used for the deployment of DSB AM RTF services on
adjacent channels:
6.1 Services with equal channel spacing (either 8.33 or 25 kHz) and frequency separation of one (1)
channel or with different channel spacing and frequency separation of 25 kHz:
a) These services may have overlapping service areas provided that a separation distance of at
least 10 NM is maintained between a ground receiver of one service and a ground transmitter
of the other service, except when both services under consideration are on 8.33 kHz channels
and at least one utilises offset carrier systems.
b) In the case of two 8.33 kHz services where one or both utilises an offset carrier system, the
separation distance between services should be determined on the basis of co-channel
separation criteria.
Note: For international co-ordination purposes, the only requirement for States in this case is to notify to a
neighbouring State the location of ground receivers and ground transmitters that are located within
10NM of the land mass of the neighbouring State except when they are sited at the centre of a circular
service. Notwithstanding, States are urged to ensure compliance with the constraint in a) within their own
territories.
6.2 Services using different channel spacing and frequency separation of 8.33 kHz:
The distance separation of services as above should be determined on the basis of co-channel
separation criteria.
6.3 Services using different channel spacing and frequency separation of 16.67 kHz:
a) The separation distance between edges of service areas should be at least 10 NM except
when both services under consideration are broadcast services;
b) A broadcast service may have an overlapping service area with another broadcast service
provided that the ground transmitter of each service is at least 10 NM outside the edge of the
service area of the other service.
Note 1: These planning rules are based on the assumption that the ground transmitters and receivers are placed
within the protected service volume.
Note 2: As a consequence of the above criteria, adjacent channel services for ATS purposes should not be
deployed in the same airport.
Note 3: Where a State proposes a new offset-carrier service where the location of the ground transmitter(s) may
affect an existing foreign assignment, it is the responsibility of that State to ensure that sufficient
technical data is made available to the adjacent State(s) through bi-lateral coordination to allow the
other State to complete a compatibility assessment.”
VDL to VDL & Other Services
6.4 Adjacent channel separation between VDL and DSB-AM systems operating in the same
geographical area shall be in accordance with the following table.
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Interference source
Vs. VDL Mode 2 VDL Mode 4
DSB-AM
(117.975-137 MHz) (130-137 MHz)
DSB-AM - 1 2
Victim VDL Mode 2 1 - -
VDL Mode 4 2 - -
6.4.1. VDL services can be deployed on channels separated by 25 kHz, subject to sufficient
distance separation between receive and transmit antennas of such services on the ground,
which is estimated up to about 3 NM.
Note 1: The numbers in the table represent the guard channels (25 kHz). The next frequency that can be
used without any frequency assignment planning constraint is 1 (one) higher (e.g. a desired DSB-
AM station that is interfered by a VDL mode 2 aircraft station requires one 25 kHz guard band
channel. The next frequency, 50 kHz separated from the VDL Mode 2 assigned frequency, can be
used in the same designated operational coverage area without any frequency assignment
planning constraint.
Note 2: Attention is drawn to the possibility of interference between DSB-AM and VDL when used
onboard an aircraft on the surface of an airport. Interference can occur if the channel separation
(guard band) is four or less. In this case, interference can be prevented by securing that the
minimum field strength at the (receiving) antenna is at least -70 dBm.
Note 3: Any interference that can be caused by aircraft transmission of DSB-AM or VDL signals on the
surface of an airport into a ground-based (i.e. not an aircraft) receiving station can be mitigated
or removed through using cavity filters in the ground based receiver. These filters block the
reception of unwanted signals.
Note 4: Due to the small size of the required distance separation between receive and transmit antennas of
adjacent-channel VDL services, adjacent-channel VDL frequency assignments are considered
mutually compatible for international co-ordination purposes.
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7 Operational Control
7.1 Dedicated frequencies for operational control purposes should be assigned to those aircraft
operators who are required to maintain a system of Operational Control under the provisions of
Annex 6, Part I.
7.2 Strict economy in the number and use of frequencies assigned for this purpose should be
observed. Shared use of channels by different operators is a method which may help to achieve
this goal. Eurocontrol can provide advice to States (see paragraph 1.3.3).
7.3 The Annex 10 provisions for frequency protection should not apply to OPC frequencies used in
the EUR region.
8 Utilization of the Frequency Band 112 – 117.975 MHz
8.1 In accordance with provisions of the Regional Supplementary Procedures (Doc 7030), based on
an agreement reached at FMG/21, the assignment of VDL Mode 4 frequencies in the band 112 –
117.975 MHz shall not be permitted until further notice.
Note: Currently, all navigation aids operating in the band 112-117.975 MHz make use of ground
based transmitters and no transmissions take place from the aircraft. There is the potential for
aircraft-based VDL Mode 4 transmissions to cause harmful interference to the users of these
existing ground-based navigation aids, and their monitors, unless a capability is provided to
prohibit unintended VDL Mode 4 transmission outside of designated operational coverage. It is
not currently clear whether this capability is available and further studies need to be conducted.
8.2 Subject to a satisfactory solution ensuring that VDL Mode 4 transmission do not cause harmful
interference to other users of the band, the Regional Supplementary Procedures may be amended
to remove the above restriction. In those circumstances, in accordance with the provisions of
Annex 10 and the ITU Radio Regulations, the frequency band 112 – 117.975 MHz could be
used for VDL Mode 4. When making frequency assignments to VDL Mode 4 in this frequency
band, the following frequency assignment planning parameters apply:
8.3 VDL Mode 4 to VDL and VHF DSB/AM (air/ground voice)
8.3.1 Co-frequency
Note: the frequency band 112 – 117.975 MHz is (currently) not to be used for VHF DSB/AM or VDL mode 3
systems as per provisions of Annex 10, Volume III and no co-frequency assignment planning to secure
compatibility between VDL Mode 4 and VHF DSB/AM or VDL Mode 2 are necessary.
Co-frequency use of frequencies for VDL Mode 4 (different VDL Mode 4 networks)
The separation distance between VDL Mode 4 frequency assignments shall be calculated using
the radio horizon method. The separation distance between the service edges of the two services
shall be equal or greater than the sum of their respective distances to the radio horizon (see also
paragraphs 4.2.8 above)
8.3.2 Adjacent frequency
Adjacent channel compatibility of VDL Mode 4 with DSB/AM or VDL Mode 2 systems is
secured when applying the provisions of paragraph 5.4 above.
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8.4 VDL Mode 4 and ILS-Localizer
8.4.1 Co-frequency
Note: Since, in accordance with the provisions of Annex 10 (Volumes I and II) the highest assignable frequency
for the ILS Localizer is 111.950 MHz and the lowest assignable VDL Mode 4 frequency is 112 MHz, no
co-frequency use of VDL Mode 4 and the ILS Localizer is expected.
8.4.2 Adjacent frequency
Note: Since, in accordance with the provisions of Annex 10 (Volumes I and III) the highest assignable frequency
for the ILS Localizer is 111.950 MHz and the lowest assignable frequency for VDL Mode 4 is 112 MHz,
the minimum frequency separation between an ILS-Localizer frequency and a VDL Mode 4 frequency is
50 kHz.
VDL Mode 4 can be used without frequency assignment planning constraints when separated
from an operational ILS-Localizer frequency with 50 kHz or more.
Note: In certain cases VDL Mode 4 may be subject to harmful interference from transmissions from the ILS-
Localizer transmitter if the separation distance is less than 2.5 NM. Such interference is typically
transient in nature.
8.5 VDL Mode 4 and VOR
8.5.1 Co-frequency and first adjacent (25 kHz) frequency
The separation distance between VDL Mode 4 and VOR frequency assignments shall be
calculated using the radio horizon method. The separation distance between the service edges
of the two services shall be equal or greater than the sum of their respective distance to the
radio horizon.
8.5.2 Second adjacent frequency (50 kHz separation between VOR and VDL Mode 4
frequency assignments)
from an operational VOR station with 50 kHz or more.
Note: In certain cases VDL Mode 4 may be subject to harmful interference from transmissions from the VOR
transmitter if the separation distance is less than 2.5 NM. Such interference is typically transient in
nature.
8.6 VDL Mode 4 and GBAS
8.6.1 Co-frequency and first adjacent (25 kHz) frequency
The co-frequency separation distance between VDL Mode 4 and GBAS frequency assignments
shall be calculated using the radio horizon method. The separation distance between the service
edges of the two services shall be equal or greater than the sum of their respective distance to
the radio horizon.
The first adjacent (25kHz) frequency channel separation distance shall be 10 Km between the
service edge of the GBAS VDB and any VDL4 transmitter.
8.6.2 Second adjacent frequency (50 kHz separation between VDL Mode 4 and GBAS)
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
from an operational GBAS station with 50 kHz or more.
Note: VDL Mode 4 should not operate on the 2nd, 3rd or 4th adjacent channel to a VDB GBAS frequency at the
surface of an airport in case the separation between a VDB GBAS and a VDL Mode 4 equipped aircraft
can be less than 130 m. Note: This is an operating restriction that may affect the use of VDL Mode 4 on
an airport.
9 VDL Mode 2 Assignments
9.1 In order to support evolution of the VDL band plan, the VHF data link assignments should be
coordinated as follows:
a) Assignments on auxiliary frequencies should be made on temporary basis to support

changes to the Data Link Allotment Plan accordingly;
b) Assignments should be deleted if the frequencies are not used within one year;
c) Discrete assignments 1 should be made for each CSP at each location;
d) Assignments should be coordinated as DL services with a DOC of C-1/0 and include the
precise location of the ground station(s) and their EIRP;
e) Assignments should include the CSP name and the ground station identifier in the Remarks
field.
10 VDL Mode 4 Assignments
10.1 In order to support evolution of the VDL band plan, VDL Mode 4 assignments on the VDL4
Common Signalling Channel (CSC) 136.925 should be coordinated as follows:
a) Assignments on channel 136.925 should be on a temporary basis to support changes to the

Data Link Allotment Plan accordingly;
b) Assignments should be deleted if the frequencies are not used within one year;
c) States using VDL4 should create Assignments on channel 136.925. Assignments should be
coordinated as DL services with the text “VDL4 CSC” in the SAFIRE Remarks field;
d) Protected polygonal assignments should be created in the areas where aircraft will use
VDL4 CSC;
e) Discrete assignments could be made for each fixed ground station: they should include the
precise location of the ground station(s) and their EIRP. In addition, they should contain the
operator name in the Remarks field.
1
There can be several assignments on the same channel in a given location
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PART III RADIO NAVIGATION AID FREQUENCY ASSIGNMENT

PLANNING CRITERIA
1 NDB and locator
1.1 General
1.1.1 A number of sub-bands in the range of 255 – 526.5 kHz (excluding 495 - 505 kHz) are
allocated to aeronautical radio navigation with various status. Only the sub-band
325 - 405 kHz is allocated exclusively to the aeronautical radio navigation service, the other
sub-bands being shared with other services.
1.1.1.1. As for the other users of the band, the sub-band 255 - 283.5 kHz is mainly used by
broadcasting stations, while the sub-bands 283.5 - 315 kHz and 315 - 325 kHz are used by
maritime beacons. The small segment 405 - 415 kHz is designated for radio direction-finding
in the maritime radio navigation service, while the sub-bands in the range 415 - 526.5 kHz
(excluding the segment 495 – 505 kHz) are used by the maritime mobile service, limited to
radiotelegraphy.
1.1.1.2. It is noted additionally that Rradio frequency carrier systems are widely used for remote
control or transmission of speech or data over segments of high-voltage overhead power lines.
In some cases frequencies in the LF/MF bands are used and this has been proved to be able to
affect ADF indications in aircraft at several nautical miles from the power lines.
1.1.2 Organization of Planning
1.1.2.1. In order to secure the international and the operational status of their assignments, States are
required to apply the rules and procedures of the ITU Radio Regulations. This is particularly
necessary for the shared sub-bands, since the ICAO EUR Table NAV is not supposed to
include non-aeronautical assignments.
1.1.2.2. For assignments in the aeronautical radio navigation service, States are required to apply the
ICAO EUR FMG rules and procedures.
Note 1: Although in the shared sub-bands the FMG process is evidently partial and cannot result, if applied
alone, in the required status, this process is necessary for the co-ordination of the identifications of
the radio navigation aids.
Note 2: In the shared sub-bands, States are advised to avoid including assignments for non-aeronautical
services (e.g. maritime services) in the FMG co-ordination process, as such assignments are not
taken into account in compatibility assessments.
1.1.3 References to documents:

- Annex 10, Volume I, Attachment C, paragraph 6.2.1.6
(field strength);
(general about protection, sharing and frequency congestion);
- Annex 10, Attachment A to Volume V
(protection, receiver characteristics, filter attenuation);
- European Region Air Navigation Plan (Doc 7754), Volume II, Part III.
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PART III RADIO NAVIGATION AID FREQUENCY ASSIGNMENT PLANNING CRITERIA
1.1.4 The range can be from 10 NM (nautical miles) up to 100 NM (in some rare cases more) and the
operational range is listed in the national AIP and the frequency assignment table. The
maximum altitude is not specified. Co-channel separation between two transmitters shall be
such that an unwanted signal is more than 15 dB below the wanted signal within the specified
service area (DOC). This protection criterion is also included in the ITU Radio Regulations. The
bandwidth characteristics of the airborne receiver need to be taken into account which require in
principle that existing transmitters within ± 7 kHz from the frequency of the wanted station be
considered.
1.1.5 In the band 325 - 405 kHz, aviation is the only user and new assignments should therefore
preferably be made in this segment. Use of a segment where aeronautical radio navigation is
secondary should only be considered in areas where the primary service is not used, like inland
areas where the distance to any maritime station is sufficient.
1.1.6 The co-ordination of LF/MF radio navigation aids to be applied for aeronautical purposes above
526.5 kHz shall be carried out between national radio regulators, applying the relevant ITU
procedures. The co-ordination of the identification of such a radio navigation aid shall be carried
out between FMG members according to the rules in Part IV.
1.1.7 For normal coverage ranges (15 - 50 NM) co-ordination should, as an absolute minimum, be
made with States within a radius of 300 - 400 NM. Co-ordination should also be made with the
national authority responsible for protection of the maritime services if a shared band segment is
to be used.
1.1.8 Information on the planning of identifications can be found in section 7.
1.2 Frequency Assignment Planning Principles
1.2.1 Wherever possible, frequencies at kHz points (i.e. integral multiples of 1 kHz) in the bands
used for NDBs should be chosen to meet particular requirements. Frequency assignments at 0.5 kHz
points may also be utilized, provided the full required protection can be ensured.
1.2.2 In the planning of frequency assignments, ADF receiver characteristics as specified in

paragraph 3 of Attachment A to Annex 10, Volume V, should be assumed.
1.2.3 For the purpose of assessing the signal attenuation with distance, the LF/MF ground wave
propagation curves agreed by the ITU-R should be used, taking into account the frequency of
operation and the effect of mixed land/sea path where appropriate.
1.3 Frequency Assignment Planning Criteria
1.3.1 The protection of a NDB against interference from another NDB can be calculated using the
propagation curves in Recommendation ITU-R P.368-9. These curves (known also as CCIR
curves) represent the propagation characteristics of a transmitter (beacon) with an effective
monopole radiated power (e.m.r.p.) of 1 kW. These curves can be adjusted to describe the
propagation characteristics (field strength as a function of the distance from the beacon) of a
beacon with a given coverage area. Such adjustment needs to ensure that the field strength at
the edge of the coverage area is the minimum required. For aeronautical beacons this field
strength is 70 µV/m or 36.9 dB (µV/m). (Ref.: Annex 10, Volume I, section 3.4 and ITU
Radio Regulations Appendix 12).
1.3.2 For frequency planning purposes, the CCIR curves for sea water and wet ground propagation are
used, with the following characteristics:
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Sea water: σ = 5 S/m Wet ground: σ = 10-2 S/m

ε = 70 ε = 30
1.3.3 The protection ratio has to be calculated at the point P where the interference is maximum.
There are two cases to consider:
i) when the undesired beacon (B) is inside the coverage area of the desired beacon (A): at
the location of that (undesired) beacon (see Figure 1)
Figure 1
B≡P
A
ii) when the undesired beacon (B) is outside the coverage area of the desired beacon (A): at
that point on the edge of the coverage area of the desired beacon closest to the undesired
beacon (see Figure 2)
Figure 2
B
P
A
1.3.4 Calculation of the minimum protection ratio (D/U) shall ensure identification of the worst-case
interference.
1.3.5 To ensure the compatibility of two beacons, it is necessary to consider successively the two cases
where each of the beacons is treated as desired and the other one as undesired. In each case, the
protection ratio needs to be calculated at the point of maximum interference. The lowest value of
these two protection ratios is the value at risk and to be used in frequency planning.
1.3.6 Once the worst case protection ratio is known, the minimum frequency separation can be
determined taking into account the ADF selectivity characteristics.
1.4 Description of the Calculations
1.4.1 As a first step, the ITU-R curves (see section 1.6) are adjusted to obtain field-strength values
corresponding to the effective monopole radiated power of the beacon, necessary to obtain the
minimum field strength required at the edge of coverage (36.9 dB µV/m).
Let a and b denote respectively the operational ranges of the beacons A and B.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The following symbols are additionally used:
f(R) field strength at distance R, for e.m.r.p.= 1kW (from

ITU-R curves).
fA(R) field strength for beacon A at distance R.
fB(R) field strength for beacon B at distance R.
f(a) field strength f(R) at R = a
f(b) field strength f(R) at R = b
fA(a); fB(b) field strengths fA(R) at R = a and fB (R) at R = b

[normally 36.9 dB µV/m].
f(1); fA(1); fB(1) field strengths f(R), fA(R) and fB(R) at R = 1 km.
f(R) at R = 1 km is 109.5 dB µV/m.
See also Recommendation ITU-R P.368-9.
The field strengths produced by beacons A and B at any distance R from the beacon satisfy:
fA(R) = f(R) - [f(a) - 36.9] (1)
fB(R) = f(R) - [f(b) - 36.9] (2)
Note: In general the field strength (f(R), f A(R) or f B(R)) depends not only on the path distance R (this
dependence being the only explicit in the notation), but also on the frequency as well as on the
geological constitution of the radio-path (proportion of sea-path over the total path distance R).
1.4.2 Determination of the field strengths f(a) and f(b)
On considering each beacon separately, the first step is the identification of the radial along
which the proportion p of sea-path over a total path distance equal to the range of the beacon is
lowest.
On the basis of the lowest proportion p, the mixed-path calculation method (see section 1.5) is
then applied for the determination of the quantity f(a) or f(b) and the consequent dimensioning
of the output power of the beacon (see section 1.7).
1.4.3 Calculation of the protection ratio when the undesired beacon is inside the coverage area of the
desired beacon (see paragraph 1.3.3 i) above). In this case the maximum level of the undesired
signal that contributes to the interference of the desired signal is at the location of the transmitter
of the undesired beacon.
If we assume A to be the desired beacon and B the undesired beacon, the maximum level of the
undesired signal is:
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
EU = fB(1) = f(1) - [f(b) - 36.9]

= 109.5 - [f(b) - 36.9] (3)
The signal level of the desired facility A at this point of maximum interference is:
ED = fA(Rs) = f(Rs) - [f(a) - 36.9] 0<Rs<a (4)

Rs = separation distance between A and B.
The protection ratio D/U is: ED - EU or fA(Rs) - fB(1).
Substitution of (3) and (4) in this formula gives:

D/U = f(Rs) - f(a) + f(b) - 109.5 (5)
Note: For the application of formula (5), the quantity f(Rs) at the position of the undesired beacon is
determined by the application of the mixed-path calculation method (see section 1.5).
1.4.4 Calculation of the protection ratio when the undesired beacon is outside the coverage area of the
desired beacon (see paragraph 1.3.3 ii) above). In this case the maximum level of the undesired
signal that contributes to the interference of the desired signal is at the location of point P in
Figure 2.
At this point the signal level of the desired facility A is:

ED = fA(a*) = f(a*) - [f(a) - 36.9]
(6)
(fA(a*), f(a*) denote respectively the adjusted and the non-adjusted (corresponding to
e.m.r.p.=1kW) field strengths at the particular point P).
The signal level of the undesired facility B at this point is:

EU = fB(Rs - a)
= f(Rs - a) - [f(b) - 36.9] , a<Rs, (7)
Rs = separation distance between beacon A and B.
The protection ratio D/U is: ED - EU or fA(a*) - fB(Rs-a).
Substitution of (6) and (7) in this formula gives:

D/U = f(b) - f(Rs - a) + f(a*) - f(a). (8)
Note: For the application of formula (8), the quantities f(a*) and f(Rs-a) are determined by the
application of the mixed-path calculation method (see section 1.5), f(a*) corresponding to the
propagation path AP, while f(Rs-a) corresponding to propagation path BP (see Figure 2).
1.4.5 Formulas (5) and (8) can be used to calculate the interference from beacon B (undesired) to
beacon A (desired). When the outcome of the calculations shows that the D/U is equal or greater
than 15 dB, the desired beacon is protected and the beacons can operate on the same frequency.
When the outcome is less than 15 dB, a frequency separation between the frequencies assigned
to these beacons has to be maintained.
The required frequency-separation depends upon the calculated D/U ratio and can be taken from
the following table:
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D/U(dB) frequency-separation (kHz)

between desired and undesired signal
> 15 0
< 15 to > 9 1
< 9 to > (-5) 2
< (- 5) to > (-20) 3
< (-20) to > (-35) 4
< (-35) to > (-50) 5
< (-50) to > (-65) 6
< -65 7
Table 1 – Required Frequency Separation
The above relation between the D/U ratio and the required frequency-separation corresponds to the
ADF-receiver selectivity curve in Annex 10, Volume V, Attachment A, paragraph 3.
Since the D/U ratio, for a combination of beacons with a range of a and b respectively, is a
function of the distance between these beacons and the required frequency separation is a function
of the D/U ratio, the minimum required frequency separation is a complex function of the
separation distance.
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1.5 Mixed Path Calculations
1.5.1. The method described below pertains to a propagation path which contains both land and sea
segments.
1.5.2. Although ITU-R is, for this purpose, recommending the Millington method (reference
Recommendation ITU-R P.368-9, Annex 2), a simplified method was developed and
recommended to be used in calculations when mixed path conditions exist.
1.5.3. In this simplified method the calculation of the signal-level of a beacon is based upon the
following formula:
f(R)M = f(R)L + { f(R)S - f(R)L}p (9)
where :
f(R)M = effective field strength of a beacon with EMRP=1kW at a point P, at distance R from the
beacon
f(R)L =field strength at P if the total path were over land.
f(R)S =field strength at P if the total path were over sea.
R = total path length.
p = S/R where S is the total sea-path length.
1.6 ITU-R Propagation Curves
1.6.1 The ITU-R propagation curves (known also as CCIR curves) can be found in Recommendation
ITU-R P.368-9. They were generated through the application of the computer program
GRWAVE, which is made available by ITU-R.
1.6.2 The program GRWAVE was used as well for calculating the field strength values of Table 2 below
for EMRP=1 kW. Field strength values at intermediate frequencies can be estimated by linear
interpolation.
BEACO
SEPARATIO N SEA 300 SEA 400 SEA 500 LAND 300 LAND 400 LAND 500
N DISTANCE RANGE kHz kHz kHz kHz kHz kHz
DB(UV/M DB(UV/M DB(UV/M DB(UV/M DB(UV/M DB(UV/M
KM NM ) ) ) ) ) )
2 103.5 103.4 103.4 103.2 103 102.8
4 97.4 97.4 97.4 97.1 96.9 96.6
6 93.9 93.9 93.9 93.5 93.3 93
8 91.4 91.4 91.4 91 90.7 90.3
10 89.5 89.5 89.4 89 88.6 88.2
18.5 10 84.1 84.1 84.1 83.4 82.9 82.3
20 83.4 83.4 83.4 82.7 82.2 81.5
27.8 15 80.5 80.5 80.5 79.6 79 78.2
37 20 78 77.9 77.9 76.9 76.1 75.1
40 77.3 77.3 77.2 76.1 75.3 74.2
46.3 25 76 76 76 74.7 73.7 72.6
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55.6 30 74.4 74.4 74.3 72.9 71.8 70.4

60 73.7 73.7 73.6 72.1 70.9 69.5
80 71.1 71 70.9 69.1 67.6 65.8
92.6 50 69.7 69.6 69.5 67.5 65.8 63.8
100 69 68.9 68.8 66.6 64.8 62.7
138.9 75 65.7 65.6 65.5 62.7 60.3 57.5
185.2 100 62.7 62.5 62.3 58.9 55.9 52.4
200 61.8 61.6 61.4 57.8 54.6 50.9
231.5 125 60.1 59.8 59.6 55.6 52 47.9
277.8 150 57.9 57.5 57.2 52.7 48.5 43.8
370.4 200 53.9 53.3 52.8 47.4 42.1 36.4
400 52.7 52.1 51.5 45.8 40.2 34.1
463 250 50.3 49.5 48.8 42.6 36.3 29.6
555.6 300 46.9 45.9 45 38.1 30.8 23.2
600 45.3 44.2 43.2 36 28.2 20.3
800 38.4 36.8 35.4 26.9 17.1 7.3
1000 31.8 29.7 28 18.2 6.2 -5.3
1200 25.4 22.8 20.7 9.6 -4.4 -17.8
1400 19.1 16 13.5 1.2 -14.9 -30.1
1600 12.9 9.3 6.4 -7.2 -25.3 -42.4
1800 6.7 2.7 -0.7 -15.5 -35.6 -54.5
2000 0.6 -3.9 -7.6 -23.7 -45.9 -66.6
Table 2 – 1 kW EMRP Field Strength at a Given Separation Distance
1.7 Effective Monopole Radiated Power (EMRP)
1.7.1 Pursuant to the ITU Radio Regulations (Article 28.23), the power radiated by each radio beacon
shall be adjusted to the value necessary to produce the stipulated field strength (36.9 dB (µV/m))
at the limit of its operational range.
1.7.2 The EMRP is calculated not for frequency co-ordination purposes but for the determination of
the transmitter output power P of the beacon which is required for the desired operational
coverage. The quantities EMRP and P in dBW are related as follows:
P = EMRP + cable and tuning losses – Gv,
where Gv is the gain of the antenna with regard to a short vertical monopole. In most practical
cases Gv=0dB. Cable and tuning losses, on the other hand, are usually not less than 10 dB (see
also Attachment C to Annex 10, Volume I, paragraph 5 of section 6.3.2).
1.7.3 The EMRP in dBW can be calculated, using the ITU-R propagation curve for a 1 kW
transmitter, as follows:
EMRP = 30 - [f(a) - 36.9]

= 66.9 - f(a),
where
30 = term for the conversion of the ITU-R propagation curves
from a 1 kW transmitter to a 1Watt transmitter in order to obtain an EMRP
value in dB relative to 1 Watt.
36.9 = minimum field strength in dB(µV/m) required at the edge of the coverage.
f(a) = field strength in dB(µV/m) at the edge of the beacon’s desired coverage
calculated for an EMRP of 1kW as described in paragraph 1.4.2.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
1.8 Treatment of Assignments over Polygonal Areas
1.8.1. In exceptional cases, frequency assignments can be co-ordinated over polygonal areas. In such a
case :
1.8.1.1. Frequency protection is accorded over the co-ordinated polygonal area.
1.8.1.2. The envisaged distance (range) between receiver and transmitting beacon is specified at co-
ordination in addition to the polygonal area. This range shall not exceed the length of the
maximum diagonal of the polygonal area.
1.8.1.3. The transmitting beacon can be anywhere inside the polygonal area.
1.8.2. The following instructions are provided for the calculation of the required D/U ratio involving
assignments over polygonal areas (referred to henceforth as area assignments) :
1.8.3. The field strength f(a) at the range of an area assignment is calculated by considering all
possible paths of length a within the polygonal area and by identifying the lowest sea-path
proportion among those paths.
1.8.4. Area assignment versus circular assignment.
1.8.4.1. Protection of the area assignment
1.8.4.1.1. If the centre of the circular assignment is inside the polygon of the area assignment,
formula (5) is applicable with Rs being equal to the minimum of (i) the range a of the area
assignment and (ii) the maximum distance between the centre of the circular assignment and
the polygon. f(Rs) can be calculated by considering the radial with the lowest sea-path
proportion among those radials of length Rs from the centre of the circular assignment which
end up within the polygon.
Note: When Rs=a, f(Rs)≥f(a). In general Rs=a does not imply f(Rs)=f(a) because the minimisation of
the sea-path proportion is effected over different sets of possible paths of length a.
1.8.4.1.2. If the centre of the circular assignment is outside the polygon of the area assignment,
formula (8) is applicable with Rs-a being equal to the distance between the centre of the
circular assignment and its closest point on the polygon. f(a*) can be calculated by
considering the radial with the lowest sea-path proportion among those radials which
originate from the point on the polygon closest to the centre of the circular assignment, have
length equal to the range a of the area assignment and end up within the polygon. If the
distance of this point from any other point on the polygon is less than the range a, the length
of the radial for the calculation of f(a*) is reduced to the maximum value of this distance.
1.8.4.2. Protection of the circular assignment
1.8.4.2.1 If the polygon of the area assignment overlaps with the coverage area of the circular
assignment, formula (5) is applicable with Rs being equal to the minimum of (i) the range a
of the circular assignment and (ii) the maximum distance between the centre of the circular
assignment and the polygon. f(Rs) can be calculated by considering the radial with the
lowest sea-path proportion among those radials of length Rs from the centre of the circular
assignment which end up within the polygon.
1.84.2.2 If the polygon of the area assignment does not overlap with the coverage area of the
circular assignment, formula (8) is applicable with Rs being equal to distance between the
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
centre of the circular assignment and its closest point on the polygon. In this case the
situation is very similar to the compatibility between two circular assignments.
1.8.5. Area assignment versus area assignment
1.8.5.1 Protection of each area assignment
1.8.5.1.1 If the two polygonal areas overlap, formula (5) is applicable with Rs being equal to the
minimum of (i) the range a of the area assignment to be protected and (ii) the maximum
distance between any point in the intersection of the two polygonal areas and any other point
on the polygon to be protected. f(Rs) can be calculated by considering the path with the
lowest sea-path proportion among all possible paths of length Rs which originate from points
in the intersection of the two polygonal areas and end up within the polygon to be protected.
1.8.5.1.2 If the two polygonal areas do not overlap, formula (8) is applicable with Rs-a being equal
to distance between the two polygons. f(a*) can be calculated by considering the radial with
the lowest sea-path proportion among those radials which originate from the point on the
polygon to be protected closest to the opposite polygon, have length equal to the range a of
the area assignment to be protected and end up within the polygon to be protected. If the
distance of this point from any other point on the polygon to be protected is less than the
range a, the length of the radial for the calculation of f(a*) is reduced to the maximum value
of this distance.
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2 ILS
2.1 General
2.1.1 The band 108 - 112 MHz is used by ILS Localizer and VOR, on different channels and the ILS
Glide Path is using the band 328.6 - 335.4 MHz. Within the band 108 - 112 MHz, channels on
odd multiples of 100 kHz (108.10, 108.30, ...) are used for ILS. Normally channels spaced
100 kHz are used, however, in congested areas also the intermediate channels (50 kHz) may be
used.

- Annex 10, Attachment C to Volume I, paragraph 2.6
(signal ratios, localizer and glide path receiver protection requirements and distance
separations);
- Annex 10, Volume I, paragraphs 3.1.3.3 and 3.1.5.3
(localiser and glide path coverage);
- Annex 10, Volume I, paragraph 3.1.6
(localiser and glide path frequency pairing);
- European Region Air Navigation Plan (Doc 7754), Volume I, Part III, paragraph 2.9
2.1.3 The operational service area of an ILS localizer is defined Annex 10 and often formed as a "key-
hole" out to 25 NM. The ILS Glide Path has shorter range and the frequency is fixed in relation
to the ILS Localizer. The adjacent channel criteria require special attention, because the
localizer to glide path frequency pairing does not make sure that facilities on the adjacent
localizer channel are automatically using an adjacent glide path channel and vice versa (e.g.
330.65/110.95 MHz; 330.80/110.90 MHz; 330.95/111.95 MHz). Therefore, the frequency
assignment planning for localizer and glide path has to be performed separately.
2.1.4 For the co-channel case, the wanted signal must be at least 20 dB stronger than an unwanted
signal. The distance from the edge of the service area of the wanted station to another ILS on the
same frequency should be more than 80 NM. Another ILS on the first adjacent channel (50 kHz)
should not be closer than 5 NM.
2.1.5 The co-ordination should also take into account the risk of interference from broadcasting
stations in the band 87.5 - 108 MHz, due to interference caused by unwanted emissions into the
aeronautical band or generated in the airborne receiver. Rules for this are available from the
Recommendation ITU-R SM.1009-1 “Compatibility between the sound-broadcasting service in
the band of about 87 - 108 MHz and the aeronautical services in the band 108 - 118 MHz”.
2.1.6 Co-ordination should be made with States within a radius of at least 150 NM. Co-ordination
should also be made with the authority responsible for the analysis of the broadcasting versus
aeronautical situation.
2.1.7 Information on the planning of identifications can be found in section 7 below.
2.2.1 Frequencies for ILS facilities should be selected from the list at Annex 10, Volume I, 3.1.6.1 in
accordance with the regional agreement permitted under Annex 10, Volume V, 4.2.2.1. Where
DME is provided, the appropriate DME channel selected from Table A at Annex 10, Volume I,
Chapter 3 should be used.
2.2.2 The co-channel and adjacent channel geographical separations between ILS localizers and
between ILS glide path installations should be as specified in Annex 10, Volume I,
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Attachment C, 2.6 – for ILS localizers designed for 50 kHz channel spacing and for ILS glide
paths designed for 150 kHz channel spacing.
2.2.3 The geographical separations between ILS and VOR installations where they operate on an
adjacent frequency should conform to the criteria stated at Annex 10, Volume I,
Attachment C, 3.5.
2.3 Required Separation Distances
2.3.1 Table of required ILS localizer and glide path separation distances
Minimum separation between second facility

Frequency and the service volume of the
Equipment Separation first facility (NM)
Localizer Co-Channel 80
50 kHz 5
Glide Path Co-Channel 50
150 kHz 1
Note 1. The above figures are based on the assumption of protection points for the localizer at 46 km
(25 NM) distance and 1900 m (6250 ft) height and for the ILS glide path at 10 NM distance
and 760 m (2500 ft) height.
Note 2. States, in applying the separations shown in the table, should recognize the necessity to site
the ILS and VOR facilities in a manner which will preclude the possibility of airborne
receiver error due to overloading by high unwanted signal levels when the aircraft is in the
initial and final approach phases.
Note 3. States, in applying the separations shown in the table, should recognize the necessity to site
ILS glide path facilities in a manner which will preclude the possibility of erroneous glide
path indications due to reception of adjacent channel signals when the desired signal ceases
to radiate for any reason while the aircraft is in the final approach phase.
Note 4. Criteria for geographical separation between ILS and VOR facilities operating in the band
108 - 112 MHz can be found in paragraph 3.5 of Attachment C to Volume I of Annex 10.
Note 5. Studies have shown that for an extended glide path range of 10 to 15 NM, a separation
distance of 2 NM instead of 1 NM for the adjacent channel provides adequate protection.
The co-channel is automatically protected by the localizer separation distance.
2.3.2 The horizontal extensions of the ILS localizer and glide path DOCs are shown in the figures
below.
Horizontal extension of the ILS localizer DOC
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
25 NM
-10° +10°
17 NM 17 NM
-35° +35°
Localizer antenna
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Horizontal extension of the ILS glide path DOC
10 NM
-8° +8°
Glide path antenna
2.3.3 The glide path co-channel minimum separation distance of 50 NM does not require any specific
action, because it is indirectly and automatically provided for by the application of the localizer
co-channel minimum separation distance of 80 NM.
2.3.4 The adjacent channel glide path minimum separation distance of 1 NM does not require any
specific action for about half of the adjacent channels, because it is indirectly and automatically
covered by the adjacent localizer channel minimum separation distance of 5 NM.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Column A of the table below lists the ILS channels. Column B lists the adjacent glide path channels
that require no specific action. Column C lists the adjacent glide path channels that do require specific
action (i.e. to check if the minimum required separation distance of 1 NM is respected).
A B C
LLZ / GP adjacent GP / (LLZ) adjacent GP / (LLZ)
(MHz) (MHz) (MHz)
108.10 / 334.70 334.55 / (108.15) 334.85 / (110.35)
108.15 / 334.55 334.70 / (108.10) 334.40 / (110.10)
108.30 / 334.10 333.95 / (108.35) 334.25 / (110.15)
108.35 / 333.95 334.10 / (108.30) 333.80 / (109.90)
108.50 / 329.90 329.75 / (108.55) 330.05 / (110.75)
108.55 / 329.75 329.90 / (108.50) 329.60 / (110.50)
108.70 / 330.50 330.35 / (108.75) 330.65 / (110.95)
108.75 / 330.35 330.50 / (108.70) 330.20 / (110.70)
108.90 / 329.30 329.15 / (108.95) 329.45 / (110.55)
108.95 / 329.15 329.30 / (108.90) - / (-)
109.10 / 331.40 331.25 / (109.15) 331.55 / (111.15)
109.15 / 331.25 331.40 / (109.10) 331.10 / (111.90)
109.30 / 332.00 331.85 / (109.35) 332.15 / (111.35)
109.35 / 331.85 332.00 / (109.30) 331.70 / (111.10)
109.50 / 332.60 332.45 / (109.55) 332.75 / (111.55)
109.55 / 332.45 332.60 / (109.50) 332.30 / (111.30)
109.70 / 333.20 333.05 / (109.75) 333.35 / (111.75)
109.75 / 333.05 333.20 / (109.70) 332.90 / (111.50)
109.90 / 333.80 333.65 / (109.95) 333.95 / (108.35)
109.95 / 333.65 333.80 / (109.90) 333.50 / (111.70)
110.10 / 334.40 334.25 / (110.15) 334.55 / (108.15)
110.15 / 334.25 334.40 / (110.10) 334.10 / (108.30)
110.30 / 335.00 334.85 / (110.35) - / (-)
110.35 / 334.85 335.00 / (110.30) 334.70 / (108.10)
110.50 / 329.60 329.45 / (110.55) 329.75 / (108.55)
110.55 / 329.45 329.60 / (110.50) 329.30 / (108.90)
110.70 / 330.20 330.05 / (110.75) 330.35 / (108.75)
110.75 / 330.05 330.20 / (110.70) 329.90 / (108.50)
110.90 / 330.80 330.65 / (110.95) 330.95 / (111.95)
110.95 / 330.65 330.80 / (110.90) 330.50 / (108.70)
111.10 / 331.70 331.55 / (111.15) 331.85 / (109.35)
111.15 / 331.55 331.70 / (111.10) 331.40 / (109.10)
111.30 / 332.30 332.15 / (111.35) 332.45 / (109.55)
111.35 / 332.15 332.30 / (111.30) 332.00 / (109.30)
111.50 / 332.90 332.75 / (111.55) 333.05 / (109.75)
111.55 / 332.75 332.90 / (111.50) 332.60 / (109.50)
111.70 / 333.50 333.35 / (111.75) 333.65 / (109.95)
111.75 / 333.35 333.50 / (111.70) 333.20 / (109.70)
111.90 / 331.10 330.95 / (111.95) 331.25 / (109.15)
111.95 / 330.95 331.10 / (111.90) 330.80 / (110.90)
2.3.5 The ILS co-ordinates provided shall be those of the localizer antenna system.
2.3.6 The calculation of the required separations distances may be simplified by the following
procedures (see figures below):
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
a) If the radiation direction (runway) is known, then the area where no co-channel localizer
should be located may be defined as a circle with radius 92.5 NM (93 NM) around a point on
the front course line 12.5 NM from the localizer antenna.
Note: If the radiation direction (runway) is unknown, then a circle with a radius of 105 NM
centred at the localizer antenna position defines the area where no co-channel
localizer should be located.
b) If the radiation direction (runway) is known, then the area where no adjacent channel
localizer should be located may be defined as a circle with radius 17.5 NM (18 NM) around a
point on the front course line 12.5 NM from the localizer antenna.
centred at the localizer antenna position defines the area where no adjacent channel
localizer should be located.
c) If the radiation direction (runway) is known, then the area where no adjacent channel glide
path should be located may be defined as a circle with radius 7 NM around a point on the
front course line 6 NM from the localizer antenna (assuming that the distance between the two
antenna systems is 2 NM).
centred at the localizer antenna position defines the area where no adjacent channel
glide path should be located.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
ILS protection areas
Localizer
92.5 NM
30 NM
17.5 NM
105 NM
Glide path
7 NM
13 NM
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3 VOR
3.1 General
3.1.1 The band 108 - 112 MHz is used by ILS Localizer and VOR, on different channels, while the
band 112 - 118 MHz is used only by VOR. Within the band 108 - 112 MHz, all channels on
even multiples of 100 kHz (108.20, 108.40, ...) are used for VOR. Normally channels spaced
100 kHz are used, however, in congested areas also the intermediate channels (50 kHz) may be
used. The VOR channels in this sub-band are usually used for terminal VOR, with short range.
Within the 112 - 118 MHz portion of the band all channels (100 and 50 kHz) are available for
VOR services.
Note : In the EUR region, for the avoidance of harmful interference, it is not permitted for a VOR
facility to operate, even on a temporary basis, on a frequency allotted to ILS localizers.
- Annex 10, Volume I, paragraphs 3.3.2

(frequency band, channel spacing);
- Annex 10, Attachment C to Volume I, paragraphs 3.4 and 3.5
(geographical separations);
- European Region Air Navigation Plan (Doc 7754), Volume I, Part III, paragraph 2.9
- European Region Air Navigation Plan (Doc 7754), Volume II, Part III, paragraphs 2.47,
3.65
(principles and criteria).
3.1.3 The DOC of a VOR can typically vary from 25 NM to approximately 100 NM and the protected
altitude up to between 10 000 feet and 60 000 feet. Any unwanted signal must be at least 20 dB
lower than the signal from the wanted station. Sectorization of the coverage may be used, in this
case the range is different in different directions according to a system described in Appendix A
to Part III. Information of the designated operational coverage of each station is available from
Table NAV and published accordingly in the national AIP. Both the co-channel and the first
adjacent channels on each side are considered in the planning.
3.1.4 The co-ordination should also take into account the risk of interference from broadcasting
stations in the band 87.5-108 MHz, due to interference caused by unwanted emissions into the
aeronautical band or generated in the airborne receiver. Rules for this are available from the
Recommendation ITU-R SM.1009-1 “Compatibility between the sound-broadcasting service in
the band of about 87 - 108 MHz and the aeronautical services in the band 108 - 118 MHz”.
3.1.5 Co-ordination should as a minimum be made with States within a radius of approximately 400 -
500 NM, and also be made with the authority responsible for the analysis of the broadcasting
versus aeronautical situation.
3.2 Basic Principles
3.2.1 Frequencies for VOR facilities should be selected at 50 kHz points, in accordance with
Annex 10, Volume I, 3.3.2.1 and Volume V, 4.2.1, 4.2.3 and 4.2.3.1. The associated DME
channels should be selected from Table A of Chapter 3 of Volume I.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3.2.2 Where the designated operational range of a given station is not the same throughout 360°, the
angular limits of sectorization in range should be indicated in accordance with the method
described in Appendix A to Part III.
3.3.1 Introduction
Note: 113.250 MHz is reserved for possible future use as a VDL Mode 4 CSC. Assignments of VOR on this
frequency are not permitted until further notice.
3.3.1.1 The criteria for VOR frequency planning are based on paragraph 3.4 of Attachment C of
Volume I, Annex 10.
3.3.1.2 The 1976 EUR FCB Meeting agreed that, for VOR frequency planning purposes, the attached
Tables should be used in replacement of existing material, for the calculation of geographical
separation between VOR in the co-channel and adjacent channel cases in the EUR Region (cf.
Resolution No. 10).
3.3.1.3 These tables take into account, as appropriate:
a) The fact that 20 dB has been retained by the EUR FCB as the planned minimum D/U signal
strength ratio, within the protected coverage of EUR VOR facilities;
b) The relative VOR effective radiated power, covering power ratios up to 100 (i.e. ±20 dB), so
that account can be taken of VORs whose ERP varies, for example, from 200 W to 2 W;
c) The adjacent channel protection ratio corresponding to the particular ground and airborne
equipment situations.
3.3.1.4 As the geographical separations have been calculated on the basis of a typical ground VOR
antenna and its vertical directivity taken into account, it is only necessary in the case of VOR
facilities having typical ground VOR antennas to specify the total radiated power. The
pertinent characteristics of the assumed ground VOR antenna are given in 3.3.2.2 and such
characteristics are typical for range calculation purposes of existing known VOR ground
facilities having single dipoles located above the counterpoise and for which the elevation
angle of maximum radiation is about 25 to 30 degrees.
3.3.1.5 In the case of any facilities where the vertical pattern substantially differs from that of a single
dipole (i.e. where a two-element antenna may be used to enhance the lower angle radiation),
the radiated power could be suitably adjusted for the angles of elevation of most interest. A
factor of 3 to 4 dB would appear to be appropriate, i.e. for geographical separation purposes a
VOR with a two-element antenna and having a total radiated power of 25 W would be
considered as having a total radiated power of 50/65 W.
3.3.1.6 Criteria for geographical separation between ILS and VOR facilities operating in the band
108 - 112 MHz can be found in paragraph 3.5 of Attachment C to Volume I of Annex 10.
3.3.2 Desired to Undesired Signal Ratio Contours
3.3.2.1 If two VOR facilities of equal radiated power are separated in distance, it is possible to
construct desired/undesired facility signal ratio contours. Figure 1 shows the contours that will
be obtained when the desired facility is at 0 NM and the undesired facility at 371 km
(200 NM) (i.e. a geographical separation of 200 NM). The 20 dB contour is relevant to the co-
channel case, the -34 dB contour relevant to the 50 kHz adjacent channel case (9960
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
harmonics in conformity with Annex 10), and the -20 dB contour relevant to the 50 kHz
adjacent channel case (9960 Hz harmonics not in conformity with Annex 10). For other
geographical separation distances the D/U ratio contours follow a similar pattern.
3.3.2.2 Also shown on Figure 1 is a "nominal range curve". The nominal range curve shows the range
and altitude at which a power density of -113 dBW/m2 will be obtained at 108 MHz for a
radiated power of 100 W (20 dBW), the ground VOR facility being assumed to have a circular
horizontal pattern and a vertical pattern similar to a dipole 1.22 m (4 ft) above a 16 m (52 ft)
diameter counterpoise which in turn is assumed to be 4.83 m (16 ft) above ground level.
Under favourable conditions (e.g. path, airborne receiver sensitivity greater than that
assumed), the range obtainable may exceed the "nominal range" by a factor of 1.15 or so. This
greater range approximates to the horizon range based on a true earth radius.
3.3.2.3 The following deductions can be made from Figure 1:
a) +20 dB Contour. This is applicable to the co-channel case. For the geographical separation
distance of 371 km (200 NM), it would be possible to have cylindrical service volumes of
93 km (50 NM), 11278 m (37000 ft) or 139 km (75 NM), 3353 m (11000 ft). It will be noted
that in the co-channel case, because of the direction of the +20 dB contour, the highest altitude
to be protected is the controlling factor in determining the geographical separation distance.
b) -20 and -34 dB contours. These are applicable to adjacent channel cases. Because the direction
of the slope of the contour is the opposite of the co-channel case, the lowest altitude to be
protected is the controlling factor. For a given distance separation, it is only necessary to
protect those altitudes above the "horizon" curve because at lower altitudes there will be
insufficient signal level to reliably actuate the airborne receiver (see 3.3.2.2 above).
3.3.3 The Co-channel Case
3.3.3.1 The geographical separation distances, at Tables 1 to 9 inclusive, have been derived from the
formulas given at 3.4.5 of Attachment C to Volume I of ICAO Annex 10 and reproduced here,
for easy reference. When using geographical separation distances derived from ICAO Annex
10, particular note should be taken of 3.4.7 of Attachment C to Volume I which states that "the
application of the figures will only be correct within the limitations set by those (the)
assumptions. The assumptions include that the change of field strength with distance (Factor
"S") at various altitudes of reception is only valid for angles of elevation at the VOR of up to
about 5 degrees, but above the radio line of sight". In practice account need only be taken of
this limitation for short range/high altitude facilities, where the altitude component is 15240 m
(50000 ft) and above, and long range/high altitude facilities, where the altitude component is
12192 m (40000 ft) and above. Increased geographical separation distances (marked + in the
tables) are recommended to assure adequate protection for the combinations specified, i.e.
where the elevation angle exceeds 5 degrees. Decreased geographical separation distances
(marked *) may be used for the combinations specified due to the higher rate of change of
field strength (Factor "S") at or near the horizon.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Example:
Facility 1: DOC 25 NM / 10000 ft, 100 W (20 dBW) EIRP
Facility 2: DOC 100 NM / 50000 ft 400 W (26 dBW) EIRP
D/U = 20 dB
D1 = 25 NM
D2 = 100 NM
K = -6 dB (20 dBW - 26 dBW)
S (10000 ft) = 0.43 dB/NM (Table C-3, Attachment C to Volume I of Annex 10)
S (50000 ft) = 0.18 dB/NM (Table C-3, Attachment C to Volume I of Annex 10)
Separation distance: the greater of 2D1 + (D/U-K)/S or 2D2 + (D/U+K)/S:
2*25+(20+6)/0.43 NM= 110 NM or 2*100+(20-6)/0.18 NM = 278 NM
Required minimum separation distance = 278 NM
3.3.4 The Adjacent Channel Case
3.3.4.1 Tables 10 and 11 give the necessary geographical separation of adjacent channel facilities for
the following cases:
a) 50 kHz channel spacing, harmonic levels low (Table 10)

b) 50 kHz channel spacing, harmonic levels high (Table 11)
The undesired facility should always be outside the DOC of the desired facility.
3.3.4.2 In each table, the necessary geographical separation has been derived from the formula at
3.4.5, Attachment C to Volume I of ICAO Annex 10, in accordance with the method given in
3.3.4.3 below.
3.3.4.3 The derivation of adjacent channel geographical separation distances requires that account be
taken of both the range and the lowest altitude at which the provision of the necessary
desired/undesired (D/U) field strength ratio is required. The lowest altitude at which protection
is to be provided is assumed to be that height corresponding to the horizon distance (based on
true earth radius) for the range in question, experience having shown that this horizon distance
is the normal maximum range achievable (see 3.3.2.2 and 3.3.2.3 b) above).
The horizon distance for a true earth radius is given by the formula:
D = 1.13H
where H is in feet, D in NM.
This formula can be re-arranged as follows :

H = 0.9 D2
3.3.4.4 The following Table gives for the ranges specified, values of H together with corresponding S
values to be inserted in the ICAO adjacent channel geographical separation formula:
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
D km(NM) H m (ft) S (dB/NM)

46 km (25) 171 m (560) 1.0
74 km (40) 439 m (1 440) 1.0
111 km (60) 987 m (3 240) 0.65
148 km (80) 1 756 m (5 760) 0.55
185 km (100) 2 743 m (9 000) 0.44
278 km (150) 6 172 m (20 250) 0.28
333 km (180) 8 888 m (29 160) 0.23
380 km (205) 11 521 m ( 37 800) 0.20
426 km (230) 14 511 m (47 610) 0.18
The above values D and S have been used in the derivation of geographical separation distances based
on the use of the adjacent channel geographical separation formula given at 3.4.5 of Attachment C to
Volume I of ICAO Annex 10.
Example:
Facility 1: DOC 25 NM / 10000 ft, 100 W (20 dBW) EIRP
Facility 2: DOC 100 NM / 50000 ft 400 W (26 dBW) EIRP
D/U = -34 dB (Paragraph 3.4.6.1 b), Attachment C to Volume I of Annex 10)
D1 = 25 NM
D2 = 100 NM
K = -6 dB (20 dBW - 26 dBW)
S (25 NM) = 1.00 dB/NM (Paragraph 3.3.4.4)
S (100 NM) = 0.44 dB/NM (Paragraph 3.3.4.4)
Separation distance: the greater of 2D1 - (34+K)/S or 2D2 - (34-K)/S:
2*25-(34-6)/1.00 NM= 22 NM or 2*100-(34+6)/0.44 NM = 109 NM
Required minimum separation distance: 109 NM.
3.3.5 Sectorization
3.3.5.1 Application of the calculation methods described above may produce incorrect results if
sectorization (key-holing) is used. The figure below can be used to explain the problem:
Consider A to be the desired VOR facility and B the undesired one. The “Critical Point” is most
exposed to interference from facility B because it is the point of the DOC of facility A which is nearest
to transmitter B. Its vulnerability is further enhanced by the distance from facility A which is the
maximum possible within the DOC of A.
3.3.5.2 The correct assessment of compatibility for facility A requires the following calculations:
Co-channel:
Minimum separation distance between “Critical Point” and transmitter B: D1+(20-K)/S;
(this is derived from a subtraction of D1 from 2D1+(20-K)/S).
Adjacent channel:
Minimum separation distance between “ Critical Point” and transmitter B: D1-(34+K)/S;
(this is derived from a subtraction of D1 from 2D1-(34+K)/S);
where
D1 = range of facility A at the “Critical Point”.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Sectorization
Critical Point
P
A B
Critical Point:
Point of minimum ratio between desired (A) and undesired (B) signal
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
VOR DESIRED/UNDESIRED SIGNAL RATIO CONTOURS

FACILITY SEPARATION 200 NM (K = 0)
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
EUR VOR GEOGRAPHICAL SEPARATION TABLES

(For circular coverage only)
CONTENTS
Table 1 Minimum co-channel geographical separation distances 21,336 m (70,000 ft)
Table 7 Minimum co-channel geographical separation distances 4,572 m (15000 ft)
Table 10 Minimum adjacent channel geographical separation distances 50 kHz channel spacing
(harmonic levels low)
Table 11 Minimum adjacent channel geographical separation distances 50 kHz channel spacing
(harmonic levels high)
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Table 1
Desired coverage Minimum co-channel geographical separation in NM to provide Remarks Direct ray
protection for the indicated ratios (K) of elevation
desired to undesired radiated power angle
Altitude Range
m (ft) NM +20 dB +12 dB +6 dB 0 dB -6 dB -12 dB -20 dB
21,336 25 50 100 125 170 190 245 275 27°
(70,000) (225)+ (315)+ (345)+
40 80 130 155 200 220 275 305 15°
(255)+ (300)+ (340)+ (365)+
60 120 170 195 240 260 315 345 11°
(325)+ (350)+ (375)+ (390)+
80 160 210 235 280 300 355 385 9°
(270)+ (325)+ (360)+ (380)+ (400)+ (415)+
100 200 250 275 320 340 395 425 6°
(295)+ (350)+ (380)+ (410)+ (425)+ (435)+
150 300 350 375 420 440 495 525 3.5°
230 460 510 535 580 600 655 685 1.3°
(555)* (560)* (570)* (600)*
280 560 610 635 680 700 755 785 Horizon 0.4°
(620)* (625)* (680)* (725)*
315 630 680 705 750 770 825 855 Radio 0°
Horizon
Table 2
Altitude Range
15,240 25 50 90 125 160 190 220 270 19°
(50,000) (205)+ (260)+ (300)+
40 80 120 155 190 220 250 300 13°
(190)+ (235)+ (270)+ (320)+ (335)+
60 120 160 195 230 260 290 340 9.5°
(210)+ (250)+ (290)+ (310)+ (330)+
80 160 200 235 270 300 330 380 6°
(225)+ (275)+ (310)+ (335)+ (355)+
100 200 240 275 310 340 370 420 4°
150 300 340 375 410 440 470 520 2°
(420)* (428)* (435)*
205 410 450 485 520 550 580 630 1°
(490)* (495)* (505)* (560)*
240 480 520 555 590 620 650 700 Horizon 0.4°
(525)* (535)* (540)* (600)* (655)*
270 540 580 615 650 680 710 760 Radio 0°
(565)* (570)* (620)* (650)* (680)* (730)* Horizon
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Table 3
Altitude Range
12.592 25 50 90 125 155 190 220 260 15°
(40.000) 40 80 120 155 185 220 250 290 9°
60 120 160 195 225 260 290 330 6°
80 160 200 235 265 300 330 370 4.2°
100 200 240 275 305 340 370 410 3°
150 300 340 375 405 440 470 510 1.5°
180 360 400 435 465 500 530 570 0.9°
(425)* (435)* (440)* (450)* (485)*
210 420 460 495 525 560 590 630 Horizon 0.4°
(470)* (475)* (480)* (535)* (580)*
245 490 530 565 595 630 660 700 Radio 0°
(515)* (520)* (560)* (600)* (635)* (680)* horizon
Table 4
Altitude Range
9.144 25 50 85 110 140 165 190 225 11°
(30.000) 40 80 115 140 170 195 220 235 7°
60 120 165 180 210 235 260 275 4.5°
80 160 205 220 250 275 300 315 3°
100 200 245 260 290 315 340 355 2.3°
150 300 345 360 390 415 440 455 0.9°
165 330 375 390 420 445 470 485 0.6°
190 380 425 440 470 495 520 535 Horizon 0.3°
210 420 465 480 510 535 560 575 Radio 0°
Horizon
Table 5
Altitude Range
7,620 25 50 80 105 130 155 180 210 9°
(25,000) 40 80 110 135 160 185 210 240 6°
60 120 150 175 200 225 250 280 3.8°
80 160 190 215 240 265 290 320 2.5°
100 200 230 255 280 305 330 360 1.8°
150 300 330 355 380 405 430 460 0.6°
170 340 370 395 420 445 470 500 Horizon 0.4°
195 390 420 445 470 495 520 550 Radio 0°
Horizon
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Table 6
Altitude Range
6,096 25 50 80 90 110 130 160 190 7°
(20,000) 40 80 110 123 140 160 190 220 4.5°
60 120 150 160 180 200 230 260 3°
80 160 190 200 220 240 270 300 2°
100 200 230 240 260 280 310 340 1.3°
135 270 300 310 330 350 380 410 0.6°
155 310 340 350 370 390 420 450 Horizon 0.2°
175 350 380 390 410 430 460 490 Radio 0°
Horizon
Table 7
Altitude Range
4,572 25 50 75 90 110 130 145 170 6°
(15,000) 40 80 105 120 140 160 175 200 3°
60 120 145 160 180 200 215 240 2°
80 160 185 200 220 240 265 280 1.3°
100 200 225 240 260 280 305 320 0.8°
120 240 265 280 300 320 345 360 0.5°
140 280 305 320 340 360 385 400 Horizon 0.2°
155 310 335 350 370 390 415 430 Radio 0°
Horizon
Table 8
Altitude Range
3,048 25 50 70 85 95 110 125 145 4°
(10,000) 40 80 100 115 125 140 155 175 2°
60 120 140 155 165 180 195 215 1.3°
80 160 180 195 210 220 235 255 0.7°
100 200 220 235 245 260 275 295 0.4°
115 230 250 265 275 290 305 323 Horizon 0.2°
130 260 280 295 305 320 335 355 Radio 0°
Horizon
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Table 9
Altitude Range
1,524 25 50 65 75 85 95 105 115 2°
(5,000) 40 80 95 105 115 125 135 145 1.2°
60 120 135 145 155 165 175 185 0.5°
75 150 165 175 185 195 205 215 0.2°
85 170 185 195 205 215 225 235 Horizon 0.1°
95 190 205 215 225 235 245 255 Radio 0°
Horizon
Table 10
Range Minimum adjacent channel geographical separation in NM to provide

NM protection for the indicated ratios (K) of
desired to undesired radiated power
(harmonic levels low)
+20 dB +12 dB +6 dB 0 dB -6 dB -12 dB -20 dB

25 25 25 25 25 25 28 36
40 40 40 40 45 52 57 65
60 60 60 60 67 77 86 100
80 80 80 87 97 110 120 135
100 100 100 109 125 135 150 170
150 150 150 157 180 200 220 250
180 180 180 186 210 240 265 300
205 205 205 210 240 270 300 340
230 230 230 238 270 305 340 380
Table 11
Range Minimum adjacent channel geographical separation in NM to provide

NM protection for the indicated ratios (K) of
desired to undesired radiated power
(harmonic levels high)
+20 dB +12 dB +6 dB 0 dB -6 dB -12 dB -20 dB

25 25 25 25 30 36 42 50
40 40 48 54 60 66 72 80
60 60 70 80 90 98 108 120
80 87 102 113 125 135 145 160
100 109 127 140 155 168 182 200
150 157 185 207 230 250 272 300
180 186 220 245 273 300 325 360
205 210 250 280 310 340 370 410
230 238 282 315 350 382 415 460
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4 GBAS
4.1 General
4.1.1 The GNSS ground-based augmentation system (GBAS) VHF data broadcast (VDB) frequency
band is 108 to 117.975 MHz. The lowest assignable frequency is 108.025 MHz and the highest
assignable frequency is 117.950 MHz – channel spacing is 25 kHz. This band is also used for
ILS (below 112 MHz) and for VOR. GBAS VDB applies a time division multiple access
(TDMA) technique with 8 time slots which are repeated every 0.5 seconds. The signal timing is
synchronised with UTC.
Note: 113.250 MHz is reserved for possible future use as a VDL Mode 4 CSC. Assignments of GBAS on the
frequencies 113.225, 113.250 and 113.275 MHz are not permitted until further notice.
- Annex 10, Volume I, paragraph 3.7.3.5

(coverage, carrier frequency, channelling, field strength);
- Annex 10, Appendix B to Volume I, paragraph 3.6.8.2.2.5-7
(co- and adjacent channel rejection requirements);
- Annex 10, Attachment D to Volume I, paragraph 7.2.1 and 7.9
(frequency planning, geographical separation, adjacent frequency requirements,
assignment of reference path data selector and reference station data selector);
(use of the band 108 – 117.975 MHz).
4.1.3 The GBAS precision approach coverage is defined relative to the runway. However, it is
recommended to use an omnidirectional designated operational coverage (DOC) with a range of
23 NM and up to a height of 10000 ft above threshold. The GBAS positioning service coverage
is dependent upon the specific operations intended. Undesired signals from co-channel GBAS or
VOR stations must be at least 26 dB below the desired GBAS signal. Adjacent channels up to
±100 kHz must be considered in the compatibility assessment.
4.1.4 The risk of interference from FM broadcasting stations in the band 87.5 – 108 MHz caused by
unwanted emissions into the aeronautical band or generated in the airborne receiver should be
taken into account. The relevant Recommendation for GBAS is ITU-R SM.1841.
4.1.5 Co-ordination should be made with States within a radius of about 500 NM and also with the
authority responsible for compatibility between FM broadcasting and aeronautical radio
navigation services.
4.1.6 Besides the frequency, co-ordination must also take into account reference path data selectors
and reference station data selectors (RPDS and RSDS) and time slots.
4.1.8 The prerequisite for any D/U calculation to be valid is that the minimal receive power is
achieved at all points throughout the coverage.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4.1.9 Beyond Radio Line Of Sight (BRLOS) attenuation for GBAS signals BRLOS is 0.72/NM dB
for the first 30 NM and 0.14 dB/NM thereafter, as extracted from ITU-R Recommendation
P.528-2 125 MHz, 50% curve A and C (Annex 10, Attachment D 7.2.1.3.3). The BRLOS shall
be calculated using the real site elevation of the antenna phase center.
4.1.9.1
The radio horizon distance (denoted by RH1 in the above figure) of a receiving point P
is given by:
𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅1 = 1.23 ∗ √ℎ
Where:
RH1 = radio horizon distance of receiving point P in nautical miles (NM)
h = height of receiving point P in feet (ft) above Mean Sea Level
The radio horizon distance of the unwanted GBAS facility (RH2) is calculated by the
same formula as above:
𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅2 = 1.23 ∗ �ℎ𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢
Where:
RH2 = radio horizon distance of unwanted GBAS facility in nautical miles (NM).
h GBAS-unwanted = height of GBAS antenna phase center in (ft) above Mean Sea Level
Two points are considered to be within radio line-of-sight (RLOS) if their separation
distance is smaller or equal than the sum of their respective radio horizon distances.
𝑅𝑅𝑠𝑠 ≤ 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 = 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅1 + 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅2
Two points are considered to be beyond radio line-of-sight (BRLOS) if their
separation distance is greater than the sum of their respective radio horizon distances.
𝑅𝑅𝑠𝑠 > 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 , with 𝑅𝑅𝑆𝑆 = 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅1 + 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅2 + 𝑅𝑅𝐸𝐸
Where:
Rs = separation distance in NM between point P and the undesired GBAS
facility.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
RRLOS = radio line-of-sight distance in NM, given the heights of point P and the
unwanted GBAS facility (= sum of radio horizon distances from height P and
hGBAS-unwanted).
RE = propagation distance in NM covered by diffraction (= radio path distance
separating point P from the GBAS facility minus RRLOS)
4.1.10 The EIRP of a GBAS system shall be provided as Peak Envelope Power. Since MOPS specify
the output power to be measured as mean power over a bit-sequence in the preamble, care must
be taken that the PEP are used for calculation!
EIRP PEP[dBW] = P Transmitter-Output [dBW] - A Cable loss [dBW] + G Antenna gain [dBi]
4.1.11 Polarization of GBAS systems for aviation purposes shall use horizontal polarization
(=GBAS/H).
Note: While, Annex 10 states that elliptical polarization is permissible, FMG/10 decided the standard
polarization for GBAS in Europe to be horizontal. Therefore no D/U calculation criteria for
coordination of vertical polarization (GBAS/E) are available The reasoning for allowing
elliptical polarization was that a number of US military aircraft were identified that do not
possess a horizontal polarized antenna. To provide, where necessary, service for these type of
aircraft elliptical polarization (GBAS/E) was added to Annex 10. The VDB link budget from
Annex 10, Attachment D, Table D-2 (Table 1 of this working paper) specifies the system loss for
vertical polarized aircraft systems to be a 4 dB lower than for a comparable horizontally
polarized aircraft system. Horizontally polarized signal have to be therefore 4 dB stronger then
vertical polarized signals in order to achieve the same signal strength (e.g if the horizontal
polarization transmitter has 17 dBW EIRP PEP then the vertical polarized signal requires only
13 dBW EIRP PEP).
4.1.12 Since only horizontal polarization is assumed to be in operation in the European Region, the
consideration of cross polar isolation between a purely horizontal polarized GBAS system and
a vertical polarized system, like VHF-COM-CDSB will provide significantly reduced
separation requirements. The temporary value for cross polarization isolation between
horizontal and vertical polarization is assumed to be 10 dB (Annex 10, Attachement D, 7.2.4).
4.1.13 To allow a use of Frequency Management Programs, temporary values for calculation are
given in the table below. The appropriate GBAS vertical and horizontal polarization and the
respective EIRP PEP have to be available for calculation. The temporary separation
requirements based on EIRP PEP, polarization and system GBAS, ILS and VHF-COM-CDSB,
is provided in the table below.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
GBAS/H VHF-COM- VDL-2 VDL-3 VDL-4 ILS VOR GBAS/H

CDSB
h-pol polarization v-pol v-pol v-pol v-pol h-pol h-pol h-pol
25 kHz channelization 8,33 & 25 kHz 25 kHz 25 kHz 25 kHz 50 kHz 50 kHz 25 kHz
EIRP air 1 dBW No recommend- 17 dBW 17 dBW
gnd 19 dBW dations for
EIRP
±0 kHz D/U,+10dB D/U, D/U,
safety margin, ( x-pol.-loss- ( x-pol.-loss-
co-chn ( x-pol.-loss- isolation) isolation)
isolation)
not applicable
26 +10 = 36 26 26
±25 kHz D/U,+6dB safety D/U, D/U,
margin, ( x-pol.-loss- ( x-pol.-loss-
1.adj.-chn. ( x-pol.-loss- isolation) isolation)
isolation)
not applicable 0 +6 = 6 0 -18
±50 kHz D/U,+6dB safety D/U,+6dB safety D/U, D/U,

margin, margin, ( x-pol.-loss- ( x-pol.-loss-
2.adj.-chn. ( x-pol.-loss- ( x-pol.-loss- isolation) isolation)
isolation) isolation)
-53 +6(-10) = -57 -34 +6 = -28 -34 -43

±75 kHz D/U,+6dB safety D/U,+6dB safety D/U, D/U,
margin, margin, ( x-pol.-loss- ( x-pol.-loss-
3.adj.-chn. ( x-pol.-loss- ( x-pol.-loss- isolation) isolation)
-60 +6(-10) = -64 -46 +6 = -40 -46 -46

±100 kHz D/U,+6dB safety D/U,+6dB safety D/U,
margin, margin, ( x-pol.-loss-
4.adj.-chn. ( x-pol.-loss- ( x-pol.-loss- isolation)
-63+6(-10) = -67 -65 +6 = -59 -65 no restriction

±125 kHz
and beyond
no restriction no restriction no restriction
The table is based on the following assumptions:

• FMG/10 decided the standard polarisation of GBAS in Europe to be horisontal. Therefore no D/U calculation criteria for
vertical polarisation (GBAS/E) are available.
• GBAS to have similar characteristic as VDL-M2 so that the guidance in [1] Table.11 can be applied.
• ILS criteria were taken from
• A safety margin of 10 dB was added for co-channel and 6 for adjacent channel
• Cross-polar-isolation of 10 dB(Annex 10, Attachment D, 7.2.4) .
Acronyms:
GBAS/E-h GBAS elliptical polarization - horizontal component

GBAS/E-v GBAS elliptical polarization - vertical component
GBAS/E GBAS elliptical polarization
GBAS/H GBAS horizontal polarization
adj. adjacent channel
Chn. channel
CDSB Carrier Double Side Band
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Part III RADIO NAVIGATION AID FREQUENCY ASSIGNMENT PLANNING CRITERIA
4.2 GBAS to GBAS Frequency Assignment Planning Criteria
For a more refined calculation considering ERIP PEP separated by polarization shall be used as
provided in the planning criteria Table in 4.1.
4.2.1 The signal ratios between desired and undesired signals (D/U) to protect GBAS precision
approach VDB in the presence of an other GBAS station are (Annex 10 SARPs for ±100 kHz and
beyond are more conservative):
Frequency offset Minimum D/U ratio required

0 kHz (co-channel) 26 dB
±25 kHz (first adjacent channel) -18 dB
±50 kHz (second adjacent channel) -43 dB
±75 kHz (third adjacent channel) -46 dB
±100 kHz and beyond planning freedom
Note: Criteria to achieve compatibility via time slot co-ordination are not presented here.
4.2.2 Appendix B to Part III describes the calculation for the determination of the required geographical
separation distance. The example separation distances indicated in the table below were the result
of calculations assuming a GBAS VDB field strength of 215 μV/m (-99 dBW/m2) corresponding
to the minimum required field strength at the edge of coverage for the desired facility and of
different radiated powers as indicated for the undesired facility, a constant attenuation factor of
0,72 dB/NM for the first 30 NM and 0,14 dB/NM thereafter for beyond radio line-of-sight, a
GBAS VDB antenna height of 0 ft (phase centre) and a DOC of 23 NM/10000 ft. Signal
polarization was assumed to be horizontal:
Desired facility: GBAS station (DOC 23 NM /10000 ft)

Undesired facility: GBAS station
Minimum required geographical separation
distance between stations for different
radiated powers (EIRP) of the undesired
Frequency offset GBAS station
50 W 80 W 100 W
47 dBm 49 dBm 50 dBm
17 dBW 19 dBW 20 dBW
0 kHz (co-channel) 194 NM 198 NM 200 NM
±25 kHz (first adjacent channel) 35 NM 38 NM 40 NM
±50 kHz (second adjacent channel) 24 NM 24 NM 24 NM
±75 kHz (third adjacent channel) 23 NM 24 NM 24 NM
±100 kHz and beyond no restrictions
4.3 GBAS to VOR Frequency Assignment Planning Criteria
4.3.1 For a more refined calculation considering ERIP PEP separated by polarization shall be used as
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4.3.2 The signal ratios between desired and undesired signals (D/U) to protect GBAS receivers in the
presence of a VOR signal and VOR receivers in the presence of a GBAS signal (Annex 10 SARPs
and guidance material for ±100 kHz and beyond are not identical for GBAS – VOR and VOR –
GBAS desired to undesired situations and they are more conservative if VOR is the undesired
facility):
Frequency offset Minimum D/U ratio required

0 kHz (co-channel) 26 dB
±25 kHz (first adjacent channel) 0 dB
±50 kHz (second adjacent channel) -34 dB
±75 kHz (third adjacent channel) -46 dB
±100 kHz (fourth adjacent channel) -65 dB
±125 kHz and beyond planning freedom
4.3.3 Appendix B to Part III describes the calculation for the determination of the required geographical
separation distance. The example separation distances indicated in the tables below were
calculated assuming a VOR field strength of 90 μV/m (-107 dBW/m2), corresponding to the
minimum required field strength at the edge of coverage for the desired facility, a VOR DOC as
indicated in the tables, a constant attenuation factor of 0.72 dB/NM for the first 30 NM and 0,14
dB/NM thereafter for beyond radio line-of-sight, a GBAS VDB and a VOR antenna height of 0 ft.
GBAS signal polarization was assumed to be horizontal:
Desired facility: VOR (DOC 25 NM / 15000 ft)

radiated GBAS VDB powers (EIRP) of the
Frequency offset undesired station
50 W 80 W 100 W
±100 kHz (fourth adjacent channel) 25 NM 25 NM 25 NM

50 W 80 W 100 W
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
50 W 80 W 100 W

50 W 80 W 100 W

50 W 80 W 100 W
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Desired facility: VOR (80 NM / 50000 ft)
50 W 80 W 100 W

distance for different radiated GBAS VDB
powers (EIRP)
Frequency offset
50 W 80 W 100 W

distance for different radiated GBAS VDB
powers (EIRP)
Frequency offset
50 W 80 W 100 W
4.4 GBAS to ILS and ILS to GBAS Frequency Assignment Planning Criteria
provided in the planning criteria Table in 4.1. In absence of relevant Annex 10 material the
following temporary criteria are provided, to allow use of of existing Frequency Management
Programs (FEMP), which need D/U criteria as input values.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4.4.2 Results obtained by such programs are therefore to be used only with extreme caution and require
additional validation. The required receive power density has to be provided at any point
throughout the coverage.
presence of a ILS signal and ILS receivers in the presence of a GBAS signal (Annex 10 SARPs
and guidance material for ±100 kHz and beyond are derived by adding 10 dB safety margin for
co-channel and 6 dB safety margin for adjacent channel to the existing GBAS - VOR and VOR –
GBAS criteria.
• The values separated by polarization are contained in the planning criteria Table in 4.1.
Frequency co-chn. ±25 kHz (first ±50 kHz (second ±75 kHz (third ±100 kHz (fourth ±125 kHz
offset adjacent adjacent adjacent adjacent and
channel) channel) channel) channel) beyond
GBAS vs. ILS 36 dB 6 dB -28 dB -40 dB -59 dB -59 dB
ILS vs. GBAS 36 dB 6 dB -28 dB -40 dB -59 dB -59 dB
Table 1
4.5 GBAS to VHF Communications Frequency Assignment Planning Criteria
4.5.2 In absence of relevant Annex 10 material the following temporary criteria are provided, to allow
use of of existing Frequency Management Programs (FEMP), which need D/U criteria as input
values.
4.5.3 Results obtained by such programs are therefore to be used only with extreme caution and require
additional validation. The required receive power density has to be provided at any point
throughout the coverage.
presence of a VHF-COM-CDSB signal and VHF-COM-CDSB receivers in the presence of a
GBAS signal and beyond are derived by adding 10 dB safety margin for co-channel and 6 dB
safety margin for adjacent channel to the Draft of VHF-COM-CDSB to VDL-M.2 (= GBAS)
criteria.
• The values separated by polarization are contained in the planning criteria Table in 4.1.
4.6 GBAS Data Selector and Time Slot Planning Criteria
4.6.1 Time slot co-ordination among GBAS VDB systems operating on the same frequency will not be
used initially, i.e. all 8 time slots (A – H) are assigned to a station together with the VDB
frequency. Since Annex 10 provides in Table D-3. Typical GBAS/GBAS frequency assignment
criteria the following note:
Note.— No geographic transmitter restrictions are expected between co-frequency, adjacent time
slots provided the undesired VDB transmitting antenna is located at least 200 m from areas where
the desired signal is at minimum field strength.
Reuse of a frequency is possible if the limitations in the note are observed.
4.6.2 Reference path data selectors (RPDS) and reference station data selectors (RSDS) must not be
duplicated within the protection region of a given frequency. As long as time slot co-ordination
is not used to share frequencies, as indicated above, RPDS and RSDS (0 to 48) compatibility is
automatically established via frequency co-ordination, i.e. all 49 data selectors are available
together with the assigned VDB frequency.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4.7 Special Provisions
4.7.1 The provisions below apply as long as ICAO Annex 10 GBAS frequency assignment criteria have
not been completed:
• frequency assignments for GBAS VDB services should only be made on a temporary basis
and may have to be revised after 31 December 2019;
• frequencies should be selected from the frequency range of 112.050 – 116.400 MHz
(frequencies above 116.400 MHz may be used if the necessary calculation using the D/U
criteria from table in 4.1. have indicated sufficient protection). Local ILS and VHF COM
frequency assignments shall be taken into account aiming at a maximum protection for ILS
and VHF-COM-CDSB;
• VDB signal polarization is to be taken into account for both possible polarizations
separately, but is assumed to be horizontal;
• radiated peak power of the GBAS VDB signals should be as low as practicable;
• GBAS VDB systems with multiple antennas which are separated more than 1 NM must be
considered individually; and
• VDB time slot and data selector shall be co-ordinated.
4.7.2 Proposals for co-ordination of GBAS assignments must include at a minimum
• ITU Country Code;

• Location name and co-ordinates;
• Frequency;
• Equipment (i.e. GBAS/H or GBAS/E);
• Identification;
• DOC (23 NM / 10000 ft is recommended);
• Peak radiated power EIRP PEP in W for horizontal polarization;
• Peak radiated power EIRP PEP in W for vertical polarization;
• antenna elevation above MSL of the phase center of the antenna;
• Time slot in operation.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
5 DME
5.1 General
5.1.1 The band 960 - 1215 MHz is allocated, though not exclusively, to the aeronautical radio
navigation service and used mainly by the DME system. Within this band, two segments, around
1030 MHz and 1090 MHz, are reserved for SSR. Furthermore, some military systems make use
of this band, e.g. TACAN (essentially a DME with additional pulses for bearing information) and
data/voice systems employing frequency hopping techniques. Part 960-1164 MHz of the band is
also allocated to the aeronautical mobile (route) service, for use by next generation aeronautical
communication systems.
Note: In order to support compatibility between DME/TACAN assignments and GNSS

L5/E5 aeronautical receivers, States are encouraged to apply the recommendations
contained in section D of the Supplement to EUR Doc011 when planning new
DME/TACAN assignments.

- Annex 10, Volume I, paragraphs 3.5.3.3, 3.5.5.3.4.1
(channelling, interference rejection);
(channel groups, pairing);
- Annex 10, Attachment C to Volume I, paragraphs 7.1.7 - 7.1.10
(signal ratios, pulse coding, adjacent channels, etc.);
- European Region Air Navigation Plan (Doc 7754), Volume I, Part III, paragraph 2.9 ;
- European Region Air Navigation Plan (Doc 7754), Volume II, Part III, paragraphs 2.47 and
3.65.
5.1.3 DME is in many cases co-located and frequency paired (Annex 10, Volume I, chapter 3, Table A)
with another facility (VOR, ILS, MLS) and normally has the same protected range. The protection
also takes into account the pulse coding and output power. Both the first and second adjacent
channels are considered.
5.1.4 Co-ordination should follow the rules for the co-located equipment; for a stand-alone DME co-
ordination should at least include States within a radius of 400 - 500 NM.
Notes: For frequency planning purposes,

1) there is no difference between DME/N and DME/P.
2) TACAN facilities are treated in the same way as DME stations.
3) no criteria are defined for DME/W because it is not used in EUR Region.
5.2.1 Protection Requirements
5.2.1.1 The necessary desired to undesired (D/U) signal ratios are needed to protect the desired
transponder reply signals at the airborne receiver from the various co-frequency/adjacent-
frequency, same pulse code/different pulse code, undesired transponder reply signal
combinations that may exist.
5.2.1.2 In making an assignment, each facility must be treated as the desired source with the other
acting as the undesired source. If both satisfy their individual D/U requirements, then the
assignment can be made.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
5.2.1.3 The channelling arrangement for DME, when considering X and Y channels only, is such that
in the ground-to-air direction (transponder reply frequency) no use is made of multiplexing
techniques on the same frequency, thus avoiding the situation where different pulse codings on
the same or adjacent frequencies have to be studied when making frequency assignments.
However, when assign4ments on DME W or Z channels have to be made, these assignments
have to be checked against interference from DME X or Y channels and vice-versa.
5.2.1.4 Co-frequency 1 protection ratios (D/U)
The co-frequency protection ratios (D/U) are:

Same pulse code: 8 dB
Different pulse code: 8 dB (column A of Table C-4, Attachment C to Annex 10,
Volume I).
Geographical separation distances are based upon the required D/U ratio, taking into
consideration the EIRP of both the desired and the undesired DME and the appropriate
propagation characteristics.
5.2.1.5 Adjacent frequency protection ratios (D/U)
The following values are assumed for the adjacent-channel emissions of the transponder:
200 mW (-7 dBW) on the first adjacent frequency
2 mW (-27 dBW) on the second adjacent frequency.
The minimum required D/U ratio within the operational service volume shall be in accordance
with the values given in Table C-4, Attachment C to Annex 10, Volume I.
5.2.1.6 Designated Operational Coverage (DOC)
5.2.1.6.1 When the DME is associated with a VOR or an ILS the coverage should be at least that of the
VOR or ILS to the extent practicable.
5.2.1.6.2 When the DME is associated with an MLS, the coverage should be omnidirectional up to the
operational range of the MLS approach azimuth facility. The protected height of the DME
should be the same as for the MLS approach azimuth sector.
5.2.1.6.3 Where the designated operational range of a given DME facility is not the same throughout
360°, the angular limits of sectorization in range should be indicated in accordance with the
method described in Appendix A to Part III.
5.2.1.6.4 The DOC for a DME with directional antenna should be specified on the basis of the particular
operational requirements. The orientation of the DOC should be defined relative to the true
(i.e. with respect to the true north – not the magnetic one) radiation direction (TRD) of the
facility. When defining the DOC for a DME with directional antenna, the antenna
characteristics of the DME facility need to be taken into account in order to ensure that
throughout the DOC the available signal level will not be lower than the minimum signal level
to be protected (-89 Dbw/m²).
5.2.1.7 Calculation of EIRP
5.2.1.7.1 The EIRP (in dBW) in any particular direction α can be calculated by means of the general
formula:
EIRP(α)= EIRPmax+ GAntenna, rel (α),
1
Co-frequency and adjacent frequency are referred to the transponder reply frequency.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
where
EIRPmax = PTransmitter Output – ALine + GAntenna, max .
PTransmitter Output is the output power of the transmitter in dBW, ALine is the attenuation of the
transmission line in dB and GAntenna, max is the antenna gain in the main beam direction in dBi
(with respect to an isotropic antenna) at the given frequency. Furthermore, GAntenna, rel (α)
denotes the normalised antenna gain in dB relative to GAntenna, max, at the given vector direction
α. In the case of DME, EIRP and PTransmitter Output are meant as PEP (Peak Envelope Power)
values.
Note: GAntenna, rel is always less than or equal to 0 dB. For an omnidirectional antenna, the
normalized gain GAntenna, rel is taken equal to 0 dB.
5.2.1.7.2 The value of the foreseen EIRPmax shall be provided with the frequency co-ordination request.
It is calculated as above, where PTransmitter Output should be sufficient to produce adequate power
flux density throughout the DOC.
5.2.1.7.3 Typical EIRPmax values per category of facility are given below as guidance, based on
standard transmitter output power, feeder line losses and antenna gain:
Landing DME: 27 dBW, Omnidirectional

29 dBW, Directional
En-route DME: 37 dBW
TACAN: 40 dBW.
5.2.1.7.4 For the sake of spectrum economy, it is highly recommended that technical measures be taken
so that the EIRPmax of landing DME with directional antenna does not exceed 29 dBW,
despite the high gain provided by the beacon antenna.
5.2.2 Propagation model
5.2.2.1 Propagation characteristics
5.2.2.1.1 The same propagation conditions along the path of the desired and the undesired signals are
assumed. Within the radio line-of-sight, free space attenuation is assumed. Beyond the radio
line-of-sight, propagation is approximated by an attenuation rate of 1.6 dB/NM. This is derived
from the propagation 1200 MHz/50% time curve in Rec. ITU-R P.528-2 (former CCIR Rec.
528-1). For radio propagation and radio horizon calculations a smooth Earth is assumed with
an effective 4/3 Earth radius.
Within and beyond the radio line-of-sight situations are depicted below. Two points are
considered to be within radio line-of-sight if their separation distance is smaller than the sum
of their respective radio distances.
RH1
h RE
R DME within
radio line-of-sight of P
DME beyond radio
RH2 line-of-sight of P
RRLOS = RH1 + RH2
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
5.2.2.1.2 Calculation of the radio horizon distance:
The radio horizon distance of a point P is given by:
RH = 1.23 * h
where
RH = radio horizon distance in nautical miles (NM)
h = height of point P in feet (ft)
For the calculation of the radio horizon distance of a receiving point to be protected (denoted by
RH1 in the above figure), the above formula is applied with h being the altitude in feet.
The radio horizon distance of the DME facility (denoted by RH2 in the above figure) is
calculated by the same formula as above. In general, the height of the phase centre of the
facility’s antenna above ground level should be taken for the calculation of the facility’s radio
horizon.
If a facility’s antenna height is not provided it will be assumed equal to 30 feet.
5.2.2.1.3 When radio line-of-sight conditions exist between the DME and the protection point P, the
following formula may be used to calculate the power flux density at point P as:
Pd = EIRP - 20 log R - 76.3 (1a)
where
Pd = power flux density in dBW/m2
EIRP = effective isotropically radiated power in dBW
R = distance of point P to DME in NM
5.2.2.1.4 For distances between a DME facility and a receiving point P greater than the sum of their
respective radio horizon distances, the following formula may be used instead:
P d = EIRP - 20 log R HRLOS - 1.6*R E - 76.3,
B B B B B (1b)
where
R RLOS = sum of the radio horizon distances of point P and the DME facility
B B
= maximum radio line-of-sight distance, given the heights of point P and the DME facility
RE = propagation distance in NM covered by diffraction (see above figure)
= radio path distance separating point P from the DME facility minus RRLOS
5.2.2.2 Additional means of calculation
As a means of improving the efficiency of spectrum utilization, in particular in frequency

congested areas, compatibility of assignments could also be assessed on a bilateral basis using
more realistic propagation models taking into account other signal attenuation elements such as
terrain which can affect signal propagation significantly.
5.2.3 Calculation of Minimum Required Separation Distances
The conditions for the satisfactory operation of DME are expressed in terms of the protection ratio
(D/U) in dB, which is equal to the difference in power flux densities of the desired and undesired
DME facilities at the protection point P. The minimum acceptable value of D/U is used to
calculate the minimum required separation distance between two DME facilities. In calculating
separation distances, the conditions of paragraph 5.2.1 above shall be met. The table at the end of
chapter 5 contains the co-frequency, different pulse code, and adjacent frequency, same and
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
different pulse code, DME channels to consider when an assignment on a particular DME channel
is proposed.
5.2.3.1 Co-frequency; desired and undesired DME facilities having the same pulse code.
5.2.3.1.1 Undesired DME facility within the radio line-of-sight
Application of formula (1a) to the desired and undesired DME as appropriate, results in:
D/U = K + 20 log ( Ru/Rd ) (2a)
where
D/U = protection ratio in dB (minimum 8 dB)
K = EIRP of the desired minus the EIRP of the undesired facility in dBW
Ru = distance between the edge of the DOC of the desired facility and the undesired facility
in NM
Rd = operational range of desired facility in NM
Thus for the required separation distance Rsit is obtained
Rs = Rd + Ru = Rd ( 1 + 10 [ ( D/U - K) / 20 ] ), or (2b)
T / 20
Rs = Rd + 10 .
where
Rs = required separation distance between the desired and undesired facilities in NM and
T = D/U - K + 20 log Rd.
5.2.3.1.2 Undesired DME facility beyond the radio line-of-sight
h
R H1 RE
R =R +R
RLOS H1 H2
RH2 Undesired
Rd
Desired DME DME
Application of formula (1a) to the desired DME and of (1b) to the undesired DME leads to:
D/U = K + 20 log ( RRLOS/Rd ) + 1.6 RE (3a)
This can be expressed as the required separation distance Rs:
Rs = Rd + RHRLOS + [ T - 20 log RRLOS ]/ 1.6 (3b)
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The numerical examples below are valid only for omnidirectional DME (the facilities antenna
heights are assumed equal to 30ft above ground level):
a) DME(1) coverage: 23 NM, 10 000 ft; EIRP = 27 dBW

DME(2) coverage: 23 NM, 10 000 ft; EIRP = 27 dBW
Since the two services have identical characteristics, one check is sufficient. For a D/U
ratio of 8 dB, no EIRP difference: K=0 and thus T = 8 - 0 + 20 log (23) = 35.23;
therefore 10T/20=58NM. The RRLOS is equal to 1.23*( 10000 + 30 )=130NM >58NM.
Hence the undesired facility and a receiving point at the edge of the service area of the
desired facility can be within radio line of sight, the minimum separation distance
between facilities being equal to Rd + 10T/20 = 23 + 58 = 81NM.
b) DME(1) coverage: 25 NM, 10 000 ft; EIRP = 27 dBW

DME(2) coverage: 120 NM, 40 000 ft; EIRP = 40 dBW
D/U = 8 dB.
i) separation distance to protect DME(1):
T = 8 - (27-40) + 20 log (25) = 49, 10T/20= 281 NM.
RRLOS =1.23*( 10000 + 30 )=130 NM.

Since 10T/20> RRLOS, DME(2) should be located beyond the radio line of sight of
a receiving point at the edge of the service area of DME(1).
Hence the minimum separation distance between facilities to protect
DME(1) should be calculated with formula (3b): R s = R d +RRLOS +[T-20
B B B B B
log RRLOS ]/1.6 = 25 +130 + 4 = 159NM.

B
ii) separation distance to protect DME(2):

T = 8 - (40-27) + 20 log (120) = 36.6, 10T/20= 68NM.
RRLOS =1.23*( 40000 + 30 )=253 NM.

Now 10T/20<RRLOS, with the result that DME(1) can be within radio line of sight
of a receiving point at the edge of the service area of DME(2), the minimum
separation distance between facilities to protect DME(2) being equal to R s = Rd B B
+ 10T/20 = 120 + 68 = 188 NM.
To assure protection to both facilities, the required separation distance between these facilities
should be at least 188 NM.
5.2.3.2 Co-frequency; desired and undesired DME facility having different pulse codes
Since the required protection is provided at the airborne DME receiver, different pulse coding
protection is only required when a DME X channel is interfered with a DME W channel (or
DME Y versus DME Z) or vice versa (see also paragraph 5.2.1.3). The separation distances can
be calculated along the same principles as indicated in paragraph 5.2.3.1. The protection ratio is
8 dB (see paragraph. 5.2.1.4).
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
5.2.3.3 Adjacent channel separation distances
5.2.3.3.1 First adjacent frequency
The minimum separation distance between DMEs operating on first-adjacent channels shall be
65 NM between beacons or 5NM from the DOC-edge of the desired beacon, whichever gives
the lesser distance between beacons.
Notes:
1 The above criteria ensure that the D/U ratio within the operational service volume does not fall
below the values given in Table C-4, Attachment C to Annex 10, Volume I.
2. Since calculations for a DME/P show that all separation distances derived for the Initial
Approach (IA) mode (-89 dBW/m2 at 23 NM) are larger than for the Final Approach (FA) mode
(-75 dBW/m2 at 7 NM), it is sufficient to consider only the IA mode protection.
5.2.3.3.2 Second adjacent frequency

The second adjacent frequency separation distances are almost insignificant. However it is
recommended that second adjacent frequency assignments on the same aerodrome should be
avoided. For practical planning purposes, a minimum required separation distance between
the facilities of 10 NM may be used.
5.2.3.4 Separation requirement for DME frequencies which are separated by 63 MHz
Annex 10, Attachment C to Volume I, paragraph 7.1.9 indicates that "assignment of an Y or Z

channel whose reply frequency is 63 MHz from the reply frequency of another channel (either
W, X, Y, Z) or vice versa requires a separation distance of at least 28 km (15 NM) between
facilities" (Annex 10, Attachment C to Volume I, paragraph 3.4.9 gives a less conservative
minimum separation distance of 10 NM).
This requirement is to prevent desensitization that may occur to the transponder that is receiving
on the same frequency the other transponder is transmitting, irrespective of the pulse code.
For example:
downlink uplink downlink uplink
18X(W) 1042 979 81X(W) 1105 1168
18Y(Z) 1042 1105 81Y(Z) 1105 1042
Channel 18Y(Z), transmitting on 1105 MHz may cause interference to the transponder receiver
operating on channels 81X(W) or 81Y(Z). Similarly, channel 81Y(Z) may interfere with
channels 18X(W) and 18Y(Z).
5.2.3.5 Sectorization
The material of paragraph 3.3.5 (VOR) on sectorization is also applicable for DME. However,
the calculation of the separations distance must be adapted as indicated below:
The correct assessment of compatibility for facility A requires the following calculations:
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Co-channel:
Minimum separation distance between “Critical Point” and transmitter B:
Rs = Rd*10[(D/U– K)/20] if undesired facility within radio line-of-sight;
or
Rs = RH+[D/U-K-20 log (RH/Rd)]/1.6 if undesired facility beyond radio line-of-sight;
(this is derived from a subtraction of Rd from Rs = Rd (1 + 10[(D/U-K)/20]) and from
Rd+RH+[D/U-K-20 log (RH/Rd)]/1.6.);
where
Rd = operational range of facility A at the “ Critical Point”.
Co-frequency:
Minimum separation distance between “ Critical Point” and transmitter B:
Rs = Rd*10[(D/U-K)/20] if undesired facility within radio line-of-sight; or
Rs = RH+[D/U-K-20 log (RH/Rd)]/1.6 if undesired facility beyond radio line-of-sight;
(this is derived from a subtraction of Rd from Rs = Rd (1 + 10[(D/U-K)/20]) and from
Rd+RH+[D/U-K-20 log (RH/Rd)]/1.6.).
First adjacent channel for DMEs with a DOC radius of 60 NM or less:
Minimum separation distance between “ Critical Point” and transmitter B:
Range of facility A plus 5 NM.
First adjacent channel for DMEs with a DOC radius of greater than 60 NM:
Minimum 65 NM separation distance between facilities A and B.
Second adjacent channel:
Minimum separation distance between transmitter A and transmitter B:
10 NM.
63 MHz separated facilities:
Minimum separation distance between transmitter A and transmitter B:
15 NM.
Compatibility of facility A (undesired facility) with B (desired facility) must also be considered.
If the “ Critical Point” lies on the direct line between the two facilities A and B, then the
“normal” calculation method may be applied (i.e. point “P” is “ Critical Point”).
5.2.3.6 Use of DMEs with directional antennas
When omnidirectional coverage is not required, the use of a DME with directional antenna is
encouraged, subject to the proviso that the operational requirements for the service to be
provided by this facility are met. In Particular, they are useful for the replacement of ILS marker
beacons. The directional DME could provide a means to mitigate frequency congestion.
The compatibility of DMEs with directional antennas can be examined basically along the same
lines as those developed for omnidirectional DME. However, because of the variable antenna gain
of a DME with directional antenna, the value of the quantity K (EIRP of the desired minus the
EIRP of the undesired facility) in the above formulas depends in general on the position of the
airborne receiver. It is noted in particular that because of the orientation of a DME with directional
antenna, the minimum D/U value is not necessarily attained along the direct line connecting
desired and undesired facilities, as opposed to the case of compatibility between omnidirectional
DME.
In the presence of at least one DME with directional antenna, the following method should be
applied. At first an appropriate number of points is selected along the edge of the DOC of the
desired DME, regardless of the type of its antenna. Subsequently at all such points the required
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
D/U criteria are checked. Compatibility is ensured if at all such points the required D/U criteria
are met. The following figure depicts how the compatibility check is carried out for the protection
of a directional DME.
Desired TRD
facility
Protection
point P
Direct line
between facilities
Undesired
facility
Currently (2010), two specific antennas can be used for directional DME. One is “Kathrein
716405”, known also as “FAN88” and the other one is “Kathrein 880 10003”.
Unless otherwise specified, the normalised antenna gain GAntenna, rel of the facility’s directional
antenna (in dB) will be calculated as follows:
For the transmission of desired signals:
GAntenna,rel,d (φ) = – 3.1·10-3 φ2 + 7.5·10-8 φ4 – 0.9·10-12 φ6, for –180°≤φ≤180°.
For the transmission of undesired signals:
GAntenna,rel,u (φ) = – 2.45·10-3 φ2 + 8.1·10-8 φ4 – 10-12 φ6, for –180°≤φ≤180°,
where φ denotes the azimuthal deviation in degrees from the direction of maximum radiation (see
figure below). The above formulas for the calculation of the normalized antenna gain are frequency-
independent approximations to the measured gain values of the afore-mentioned antennas. In
particular, GAntenna,rel,d and GAntenna,rel,u represent respectively an underestimate and an overestimate of
the measured normalized antenna gain. If more precision is required, use can be made of the antenna
manufacturer’s data sheets. Users of other antenna types should either submit detailed antenna gain
data or verify that their normalized antenna gain is not less than GAntenna,rel,d and not greater than
GAntenna,rel,u as above.
Note1: For the protection of a DME with directional antenna, no compatibility check is required
outside its DOC.
Note2: In the coordination messages, DME facilities with directional antennas should be clearly
designated as DME-dir.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
TRD
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
5.2.4 Table of Example Minimum Separation Distances used in the Planning of Omnidirectional DME
Facility 1 Facility 2 Minimum required separation distance

(NM)
Desired Undesired Co-frequency 1st adjacent 2nd adjacent
frequency frequency
Cylindrical DOC and EIRP
(30ft assumed for both facility heights)
DME (MLS) 1) 81 28 10
23 NM/10000 ft
27 dBW
1)
1) 2) 81 28 10
1) 3) 155 28 10
1) 4) 156 28 10
DME (ILS) 1) 88 30 10
25 NM/10000 ft
27 dBW
2)
2) 2) 88 30 10
2) 3) 157 30 10
2) 4) 159 30 10
DME (VOR) 1) 179 65 10
100 NM/50000 ft
37 dBW
3)
3) 2) 179 65 10
3) 3) 351 65 10
3) 4) 383 65 10
TACAN 1) 62 45 10
40 NM/25000 ft
40 dBW
4)
4) 2) 62 45 10
4) 3) 111 45 10
4) 4) 140 45 10
Image - 63 MHz:
separation 28 km (15 NM) Reference Annex 10, Volume I, Attachment C, paragraph 7.1.9.
Notes:
1) Typical for a DME associated with a MLS
2) Typical for a DME associated with an ILS
3) Typical for a DME associated with a VOR
4) Typical for a TACAN
The required separation distance for two facilities A and B is the greater of the separation distances
between A and B or B and A (e.g. the required co-frequency separation distance between A being a
DME associated with an ILS and B a DME associated with a VOR is the greater of 157 and 179 NM,
i.e. 179 NM).
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Table
DME- Reply Co-FREQ 1st adjacent FREQ 1st adjacent FREQ 2nd adjacent 2nd adjacent
channel FREQ different same pulse code different pulse FREQ same pulse FREQ different
(MHz) pulse code code code pulse code
17X 978 - 16X 18X - 18W 15X 19X - -
17Y 1104 17Z 16Y 18Y - 18Z 15Y 19Y - 19Z
17Z 1104 17Y - 18Z 16Y 18Y - 19Z 15Y 19Y
18X 979 18W 17X 19X - - 16X 20X - 20W
18W 979 18X - - 17X 19X - 20W 16X 20X
18Y 1105 18Z 17Y 19Y 17Z 19Z 16Y 20Y - 20Z
18Z 1105 18Y 17Z 19Z 17Y 19Y - 20Z 16Y 20Y
19X 980 - 18X 20X 18W 20W 17X 21X - -
19Y 1106 19Z 18Y 20Y 18Z 20Z 17Y 21Y 17Z 21Z
19Z 1106 19Y 18Z 20Z 18Y 20Y 17Z 21Z 17Y 21Y
20X 981 20W 19X 21X - - 18X 22X 18W 22W
20W 981 20X - - 19X 21X 18W 22W 18X 22X
20Y 1107 20Z 19Y 21Y 19Z 21Z 18Y 22Y 18Z 22Z
20Z 1107 20Y 19Z 21Z 19Y 21Y 18Z 22Z 18Y 22Y
21X 982 - 20X 22X 20W 22W 19X 23X - -
21Y 1108 21Z 20Y 22Y 20Z 22Z 19Y 23Y 19Z 23Z
21Z 1108 21Y 20Z 22Z 20Y 22Y 19Z 23Z 19Y 23Y
22X 983 22W 21X 23X - - 20X 24X 20W 24W
22W 983 22X - - 21X 23X 20W 24W 20X 24X
22Y 1109 22Z 21Y 23Y 21Z 23Z 20Y 24Y 20Z 24Z
22Z 1109 22Y 21Z 23Z 21Y 23Y 20Z 24Z 20Y 24Y
23X 984 - 22X 24X 22W 24W 21X 25X - -
23Y 1110 23Z 22Y 24Y 22Z 24Z 21Y 25Y 21Z 25Z
23Z 1110 23Y 22Z 24Z 22Y 24Y 21Z 25Z 21Y 25Y
24X 985 24W 23X 25X - - 22X 26X 22W 26W
24W 985 24X - - 23X 25X 22W 26W 22X 26X
24Y 1111 24Z 23Y 25Y 23Z 25Z 22Y 26Y 22Z 26Z
24Z 1111 24Y 23Z 25Z 23Y 25Y 22Z 26Z 22Y 26Y
25X 986 - 24X 26X 24W 26W 23X 27X - -
25Y 1112 25Z 24Y 26Y 24Z 26Z 23Y 27Y 23Z 27Z
25Z 1112 25Y 24Z 26Z 24Y 26Y 23Z 27Z 23Y 27Y
26X 987 26W 25X 27X - - 24X 28W 24W 28W
26W 987 26X - - 25X 27X 24W 28X 24X 28X
26Y 1113 26Z 25Y 27Y 25Z 27Z 24Y 28Y 24Z 28Z
26Z 1113 26Y 25Z 27Z 25Y 27Y 24Z 28Z 24Y 28Y
27X 988 - 26X 28X 26W 28W 25X 29X - -
27Y 1114 27Z 26Y 28Y 26Z 28Z 25Y 29Y 25Z 29Z
27Z 1114 27Y 26Z 28Z 26Y 28Y 25Z 29Z 25Y 29Y
28X 989 28W 27X 29X - - 26X 30X 26W 30W
28W 989 28X - - 27X 29X 26W 30W 26X 30X
28Y 1115 28Z 27Y 29Y 27Z 29Z 26Y 30Y 26Z 30Z
28Z 1115 28Y 27Z 29Z 27Y 29Y 26Z 30Z 26Y 30Y
29X 990 - 28X 30X 28W 30W 27X 31X - -
29Y 1116 29Z 28Y 30Y 28Z 30Z 27Y 31Y 27Z 31Z
29Z 1116 29Y 28Z 30Z 28Y 30Y 27Z 31Z 27Y 31Y
30X 991 30W 29X 31X - - 28X 32X 28W 32W
30W 991 30X - - 29X 31X 28W 32W 28X 32X
30Y 1117 30Z 29Y 31Y 29Z 31Z 28Y 32Y 28Z 32Z
30Z 1117 30Y 29Z 31Z 29Y 31Y 28Z 32Z 28Y 32Y
31X 992 - 30X 32X 30W 32W 29X 33X - -
31Y 1118 31Z 30Y 32Y 30Z 32Z 29Y 33Y 29Z 33Z
31Z 1118 31Y 30Z 32Z 30Y 32Y 29Z 33Z 29Y 33Y
32X 993 32W 31X 33X - - 30X 34X 30W 34W
32W 993 32X - - 31X 33X 30W 34W 30X 34X
32Y 1119 32Z 31Y 33Y 31Z 33Y 30Y 34Y 30Z 34Z
32Z 1119 32Y 31Z 33Z 31Y 33Z 30Z 34Z 30Y 34Y
33X 994 - 32X 34X 32W 34W 31X 35X - -
33Y 1120 33Z 32Y 34Y 32Z 34Z 31Y 35Y 31Z 35Z
33Z 1120 33Y 32Z 34Z 32Y 34Y 31Z 35Z 31Y 35Y
34X 995 34W 33X 35X - - 32X 36X 32W 36W
34W 995 34X - - 33X 35X 32W 36W 32X 36X
34Y 1121 34Z 33Y 35Y 33Z 35Z 32Y 36Y 32Z 36Z
34Z 1121 34Y 33Z 35Z 33Y 35Y 32Z 36Z 32Y 36Y
35X 996 - 34X 36X 34W 36W 33X 37X - -
35Y 1122 35Z 34Y 36Y 34Z 36Z 33Y 37Y 33Z 37Z
35Z 1122 35Y 34Z 36Z 34Y 36Y 33Z 37Z 33Y 37Y
36X 997 36W 35X 37X - - 34X 38X 34W 38W
36W 997 36X - - 35X 37X 34W 38W 34X 38X
36Y 1123 36Z 35Y 37Y 35Z 37Z 34Y 38Y 34Z 38Z
36Z 1123 36Y 35Z 37Z 35Y 37Y 34Z 38Z 34Y 38Y
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
37X 998 - 36X 38X 36W 38W 35X 39X - -
37Y 1124 37Z 36Y 38Y 36Z 38Z 35Y 39Y 35Z 39Z
37Z 1124 37Y 36Z 38Z 36Y 38Y 35Z 39Z 35Y 39Y
38X 999 38W 37X 39X - - 36X 40W 36W 40W
38W 999 38X - - 37X 39X 36W 40X 36X 40X
38Y 1125 38Z 37Y 39Y 37Z 39Z 36Y 40Y 36Z 40Z
38Z 1125 38Y 37Z 39Z 37Y 39Y 36Z 40Z 36Y 40Y
39X 1000 - 38X 40X 38W 40W 37X 41X - -
39Y 1126 39Z 38Y 40Y 38Z 40Z 37Y 41Y 37Z 41Z
39Z 1126 39Y 38Z 40Z 38Y 40Y 37Z 41Z 37Y 41Y
40X 1001 40W 39X 41X - - 38X 42X 38W 42W
40W 1001 40X - - 39X 41X 38W 42W 38X 42X
40Y 1127 40Z 39Y 41Y 39Z 41Z 38Y 42Y 38Z 42Z
40Z 1127 40Y 39Z 41Z 39Y 41Y 38Z 42Z 38Y 42Y
41X 1002 - 40X 42X 40W 42W 39X 43X - -
41Y 1128 41Z 40Y 42Y 40Z 42Z 39Y 43Y 39Z 43Z
41Z 1128 41Y 40Z 42Z 40Y 42Y 39Z 43Z 39Y 43Y
42X 1003 42W 41X 43X - - 40X 44X 40W 44W
42W 1003 42X - - 41X 43X 40W 44W 40X 44X
42Y 1129 42Z 41Y 43Y 41Z 43Z 40Y 44Y 40Z 44Z
42Z 1129 42Y 41Z 43Z 41Y 43Y 40Z 44Z 40Y 44Y
43X 1004 - 42X 44X 42W 44W 41X 45X - -
43Y 1130 43Z 42Y 44Y 42Z 44Z 41Y 45Y 41Z 45Z
43Z 1130 43Y 42Z 44Z 42Y 44Y 41Z 45Z 41Y 45Y
44X 1005 44W 43X 45X - - 42X 46X 42W 46W
44W 1005 44X - - 43X 45X 42W 46W 42X 46X
44Y 1131 44Z 43Y 45Y 43Y 45Y 42Y 46Y 42Z 46Z
44Z 1131 44Y 43Z 45Z 43Z 45Z 42Z 46Z 42Y 46Y
45X 1006 - 44X 46X 44W 46W 43X 47X - -
45Y 1132 45Z 44Y 46Y 44Z 46Z 43Y 47Y 43Z 47Z
45Z 1132 45Y 44Z 46Z 44Y 46Y 43Z 47Z 43Y 47Y
46X 1007 46W 45X 47X - - 44X 48X 44W 48W
46W 1007 46X - - 45X 47X 44W 48W 44X 48X
46Y 1133 46Z 45Y 47Y 45Z 47Z 44Y 48Y 44Z 48Z
46Z 1133 46Y 45Z 47Z 45Y 47Y 44Z 48Z 44Y 48Y
47X 1008 - 46X 48X 46W 48W 45X 49X - -
47Y 1134 47Z 46Y 48Y 46Z 48Z 45Y 49Y 45Z 49Z
47Z 1134 47Y 46Z 48Z 46Y 48Y 45Z 49Z 45Y 49Y
48X 1009 48W 47X 49X - - 46X 50X 46W 50W
48W 1009 48X - - 47X 49X 46W 50W 46X 50X
48Y 1135 48Z 47Y 49Y 47Z 49Z 46Y 50Y 46Z 50Z
48Z 1135 48Y 47Z 49Z 47Y 49Y 46Z 50Z 46Y 50Y
49X 1010 - 48X 50X 48W 50W 47X 51X - -
49Y 1136 49Z 48Y 50Y 48Z 50Z 47Y 51Y 47Z 51Z
49Z 1136 49Y 48Z 50Z 48Y 50Y 47Z 51Z 47Y 51Y
50X 1011 50W 49X 51X - - 48X 52X 48W 52W
50W 1011 50X - - 49X 51X 48W 52W 48X 52X
50Y 1137 50Z 49Y 51Y 49Z 51Z 48Y 52Y 48Z 52Z
50Z 1137 50Y 49Z 51Z 49Y 51Y 48Z 52Z 48Y 52Y
51X 1012 - 50X 52X 50W 52W 49X 53X - -
51Y 1138 51Z 50Y 52Y 50Z 52Z 49Y 53Y 49Z 53Z
51Z 1138 51Y 50Z 52Z 50Y 52Y 49Z 53Z 49Y 53Y
52X 1013 52W 51X 53X - - 50X 54X 50W 54W
52W 1013 52X - - 51X 53X 50W 54W 50X 54X
52Y 1139 52Z 51Y 53Y 51Z 53Z 50Y 54Y 50Z 54Z
52Z 1139 52Y 51Z 53Z 51Y 53Y 50Z 54Z 50Y 54Y
53X 1014 - 52X 54X 52W 54W 51X 55X - -
53Y 1140 53Z 52Y 54Y 52Z 54Z 51Y 55Y 51Z 55Z
53Z 1140 53Y 52Z 54Z 52Y 54Y 51Z 55Z 51Y 55Y
54X 1015 54W 53X 55X - - 52X 56X 52W 56W
54W 1015 54X - - 53X 55X 52W 56W 52X 56X
54Y 1141 54Z 53Y 55Y 53Z 55Z 52Y 56Y 52Z 56Z
54Z 1141 54Y 53Z 55Z 53Y 55Y 52Z 56Z 52Y 56Y
55X 1016 - 54X 56X 54W 56W 53X 57X - -
55Y 1142 55Z 54Y 56Y 54Z 56Z 53Y 57Y 53Z 57Z
55Z 1142 55Y 54Z 56Z 54Y 56Y 53Z 57Z 53Y 57Y
56X 1017 56W 55X 57X - - 54X 58X 54W 58W
56W 1017 56X - - 55X 57X 54W 58W 54X 58X
56Y 1143 56Z 55Y 57Y 55Y 57Y 54Y 58Y 54Z 58Z
56Z 1143 56Y 55Z 57Z 55Z 57Z 54Z 58Z 54Y 58Y
57X 1018 - 56X 58X 56W - 55X 59X - -
57Y 1144 - 56Y 58Y 56Z - 55Y 59Y 55Z -
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
58X 1019 - 57X 59X - - 56X 60X 56W -
58Y 1145 - 57Y 59Y - - 56Y 60Y 56Z -
59X 1020 - 58X 60X - - 57X 61X - -
59Y 1146 - 58Y 60Y - - 57Y 61Y - -
60X 1021 - 59X 61X - - 58X 62X - -
60Y 1147 - 59Y 61Y - - 58Y 62Y - -
61X 1022 - 60X 62X - - 59X 63X - -
61Y 1148 - 60Y 62Y - - 59Y 63Y - -
62X 1023 - 61X 63X - - 60X - - 64Y
62Y 1149 - 61Y 63Y - - 60Y - - 64X
63X 1024 - 62X - - 64Y 61X - - 65Y
63Y 1150 - 62Y - - 64X 61Y - - 65X
64X 1151 - - 65X 63Y - - 66X 62Y -
64Y 1025 - - 65Y 63X - - 66Y 62X -
65X 1152 - 64X 66X - - - 67X 63Y -
65Y 1026 - 64Y 66Y - - - 67Y 63X -
66X 1153 - 65X 67X - - 64X 68X - -
66Y 1027 - 65Y 67Y - - 64Y 68Y - -
67X 1154 - 66X 68X - - 65X 69X - -
67Y 1028 - 66Y 68Y - - 65Y 69Y - -
68X 1155 - 67X 69X - - 66X 70X - -
68Y 1029 - 67Y 69Y - - 66Y 70Y - -
69X 1156 - 68X 70X - - 67X 71X - -
69Y 1030 - 68Y 70Y - - 67Y 71Y - -
70X 1157 - 69X 71X - - 68X 72X - -
70Y 1031 - 69Y 71Y - - 68Y 72Y - -
71X 1158 - 70X 72X - - 69X 73X - -
71Y 1032 - 70Y 72Y - - 69Y 73Y - -
72X 1159 - 71X 73X - - 70X 74X - -
72Y 1033 - 71Y 73Y - - 70Y 74Y - -
73X 1160 - 72X 74X - - 71X 75X - -
73Y 1034 - 72Y 74Y - - 71Y 75Y - -
74X 1161 - 73X 75X - - 72X 76X - -
74Y 1035 - 73Y 75Y - - 72Y 76Y - -
75X 1162 - 74X 76X - - 73X 77X - -
75Y 1036 - 74Y 76Y - - 73Y 77Y - -
76X 1163 - 75X 77X - - 74X 78X - -
76Y 1037 - 75Y 77Y - - 74Y 78Y - -
77X 1164 - 76X 78X - - 75X 79X - -
77Y 1038 - 76Y 78Y - - 75Y 79Y - -
78X 1165 - 77X 79X - - 76X 80X - -
78Y 1039 - 77Y 79Y - - 76Y 80Y - 80Z
79X 1166 - 78X 80X - - 77X 81X - -
79Y 1040 - 78Y 80Y - 80Z 77Y 81Y - 81Z
80X 1167 - 79X 81X - - 78X 82X - -
80Y 1041 80Z 79Y 81Y - 81Z 78Y 82Y - 82Z
80Z 1041 80Y - 81Z 79Y 81Y - 82Z 78Y 82Y
81X 1168 - 80X 82X - - 79X 83X - -
81Y 1042 81Z 80Y 82Y 80Z 82Z 79Y 83Y - 83Z
81Z 1042 81Y 80Z 82Z 80Y 82Y - 83Z 79Y 83Y
82X 1169 - 81X 83X - - 80X 84X - -
82Y 1043 82Z 81Y 83Y 81Z 83Z 80Y 84Y 80Z 84Z
82Z 1043 82Y 81Z 83Z 81Y 83Y 80Z 84Z 80Y 84Y
83X 1170 - 82X 84X - - 81X 85X - -
83Y 1044 83Z 82Y 84Y 82Z 84Z 81Y 85Y 81Z 85Z
83Z 1044 83Y 82Z 84Z 82Y 84Y 81Z 85Z 81Y 85Y
84X 1171 - 83X 85X - - 82X 86X - -
84Y 1045 84Z 83Y 85Y 83Z 85Z 82Y 86Y 82Z 86Z
84Z 1045 84Y 83Z 85Z 83Y 85Y 82Z 86Z 82Y 86Y
85X 1172 - 84X 86X - - 83X 87X - -
85Y 1046 85Z 84Y 86Y 84Z 86Z 83Y 87Y 83Z 87Z
85Z 1046 85Y 84Z 86Z 84Y 86Y 83Z 87Z 83Y 87Y
86X 1173 - 85X 87X - - 84X 88X - -
86Y 1047 86Z 85Y 87Y 85Z 87Z 84Y 88Y 84Z 88Z
86Z 1047 86Y 85Z 87Z 85Y 87Y 84Z 88Z 84Y 88Y
87X 1174 - 86X 88X - - 85X 89X - -
87Y 1048 87Z 86Y 88Y 86Z 88Z 85Y 89Y 85Z 89Z
87Z 1048 87Y 86Z 88Z 86Y 88Y 85Z 89Z 85Y 89Y
88X 1175 - 87X 89X - - 86X 90X - -
88Y 1049 88Z 87Y 89Y 87Z 89Z 86Y 90Y 86Z 90Z
88Z 1049 88Y 87Z 89Z 87Y 89Y 86Z 90Z 86Y 90Y
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
89X 1176 - 88X 90X - - 87X 91X - -
89Y 1050 89Z 88Y 90Y 88Z 90Z 87Y 91Y 87Z 91Z
89Z 1050 89Y 88Z 90Z 88Y 90Y 87Z 91Z 87Y 91Y
90X 1177 - 89X 91X - - 88X 92X - -
90Y 1051 90Z 89Y 91Y 89Z 91Z 88Y 92Y 88Z 92Z
90Z 1051 90Y 89Z 91Z 89Y 91Y 88Z 92Z 88Y 92Y
91X 1178 - 90X 92X - - 89X 93X - -
91Y 1052 91Z 90Y 92Y 90Z 92Z 89Y 93Y 89Z 93Z
91Z 1052 91Y 90Z 92Z 90Y 92Y 89Z 93Z 89Y 93Y
92X 1179 - 91X 93X - - 90X 94X - -
92Y 1053 92Z 91Y 93Y 91Z 93Z 90Y 94Y 90Z 94Z
92Z 1053 92Y 91Z 93Z 91Y 93Y 90Z 94Z 90Y 94Y
93X 1180 - 92X 94X - - 91X 95X - -
93Y 1054 93Z 92Y 94Y 92Z 94Z 91Y 95Y 91Z 95Z
93Z 1054 93Y 92Z 94Z 92Y 94Y 91Z 95Z 91Y 95Y
94X 1181 - 93X 95X - - 92X 96X - -
94Y 1055 94Z 93Y 95Y 93Z 95Z 92Y 96Y 92Z 96Z
94Z 1055 94Y 93Z 95Z 93Y 95Y 92Z 96Z 92Y 96Y
95X 1182 - 94X 96X - - 93X 97X - -
95Y 1056 95Z 94Y 96Y 94Z 96Z 93Y 97Y 93Z 97Z
95Z 1056 95Y 94Z 96Z 94Y 96Y 93Z 97Z 93Y 97Y
96X 1183 - 95X 97X - - 94X 98X - -
96Y 1057 96Z 95Y 97Y 95Z 97Z 94Y 98Y 94Z 98Z
96Z 1057 96Y 95Z 97Z 95Y 97Y 94Z 98Z 94Y 98Y
97X 1184 - 96X 98X - - 95X 99X - -
97Y 1058 97Z 96Y 98Y 96Z 98Z 95Y 99Y 95Z 99Z
97Z 1058 97Y 96Z 98Z 96Y 98Y 95Z 99Z 95Y 99Y
98X 1185 - 97X 99X - - 96X 100X - -
98Y 1059 98Z 97Y 99Y 97Z 99Z 96Y 100Y 96Z 100Z
98Z 1059 98Y 97Z 99Z 97Y 99Y 96Z 100Z 96Y 100Y
99X 1186 - 98X 100X - - 97X 101X - -
99Y 1060 99Z 98Y 100Y 98Z 100Z 97Y 101Y 97Z 101Z
99Z 1060 99Y 98Z 100Z 98Y 100Y 97Z 101Z 97Y 101Y
100X 1187 - 99X 101X - - 98X 102X - -
100Y 1061 100Z 99Y 101Y 99Z 101Z 98Y 102Y 98Z 102Z
100Z 1061 100Y 99Z 101Z 99Y 101Y 98Z 102Z 98Y 102Y
101X 1188 - 100X 102X - - 99X 103X - -
101Y 1062 101Z 100Y 102Y 100Z 102Z 99Y 103Y 99Z 103Z
101Z 1062 101Y 100Z 102Z 100Y 102Y 99Z 103Z 99Y 103Y
102X 1189 - 101X 103X - - 100X 104X - -
102Y 1063 102Z 101Y 103Y 101Z 103Z 100Y 104Y 100Z 104Z
102Z 1063 102Y 101Z 103Z 101Y 103Y 100Z 104Z 100Y 104Y
103X 1190 - 102X 104X - - 101X 105X - -
103Y 1064 103Z 102Y 104Y 102Z 104Z 101Y 105Y 101Z 105Z
103Z 1064 103Y 102Z 104Z 102Y 104Y 101Z 105Z 101Y 105Y
104X 1191 - 103X 105X - - 102X 106X - -
104Y 1065 104Z 103Y 105Y 103Z 105Z 102Y 106Y 102Z 106Z
104Z 1065 104Y 103Z 105Z 103Y 105Y 102Z 106Z 102Y 106Y
105X 1192 - 104X 106X - - 103X 107X - -
105Y 1066 105Z 104Y 106Y 104Z 106Z 103Y 107Y 103Z 107Z
105Z 1066 105Y 104Z 106Z 104Y 106Y 103Z 107Z 103Y 107Y
106X 1193 - 105X 107X - - 104X 108X - -
106Y 1067 106Z 105Y 107Y 105Z 107Z 104Y 108Y 104Z 108Z
106Z 1067 106Y 105Z 107Z 105Y 107Y 104Z 108Z 104Y 108Y
107X 1194 - 106X 108X - - 105X 109X - -
107Y 1068 107Z 106Y 108Y 106Z 108Z 105Y 109Y 105Z 109Z
107Z 1068 107Y 106Z 108Z 106Y 108Y 105Z 109Z 105Y 109Y
108X 1195 - 107X 109X - - 106X 110X - -
108Y 1069 108Z 107Y 109Y 107Z 109Z 106Y 110Y 106Z 110Z
108Z 1069 108Y 107Z 109Z 107Y 109Y 106Z 110Z 106Y 110Y
109X 1196 - 108X 110X - - 107X 111X - -
109Y 1070 109Z 108Y 110Y 108Z 110Z 107Y 111Y 107Z 111Z
109Z 1070 109Y 108Z 110Z 108Y 110Y 107Z 111Z 107Y 111Y
110X 1197 - 109X 111X - - 108X 112X - -
110Y 1071 110Z 109Y 111Y 109Z 111Z 108Y 112Y 108Z 112Z
110Z 1071 110Y 109Z 111Z 109Y 111Y 108Z 112Z 108Y 112Y
111X 1198 - 110X 112X - - 109X 113X - -
111Y 1072 111Z 110Y 112Y 110Z 112Z 109Y 113Y 109Z 113Z
111Z 1072 111Y 110Z 112Z 110Y 112Y 109Z 113Z 109Y 113Y
112X 1199 - 111X 113X - - 110X 114X - -
112Y 1073 112Z 111Y 113Y 111Z 113Z 110Y 114Y 110Z 114Z
112Z 1073 112Y 111Z 113Z 111Y 113Y 110Z 114Z 110Y 114Y
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
113X 1200 - 112X 114X - - 111X 115X - -
113Y 1074 113Z 112Y 114Y 112Z 114Z 111Y 115Y 111Z 115Z
113Z 1074 113Y 112Z 114Z 112Y 114Y 111Z 115Z 111Y 115Y
114X 1201 - 113X 115X - - 112X 116X - -
114Y 1075 114Z 113Y 115Y 113Z 115Z 112Y 116Y 112Z 116Z
114Z 1075 114Y 113Z 115Z 113Y 115Y 112Z 116Z 112Y 116Y
115X 1202 - 114X 116X - - 113X 117X - -
115Y 1076 115Z 114Y 116Y 114Z 116Z 113Y 117Y 113Z 117Z
115Z 1076 115Y 114Z 116Z 114Y 116Y 113Z 117Z 113Y 117Y
116X 1203 - 115X 117X - - 114X 118X - -
116Y 1077 116Z 115Y 117Y 115Z 117Z 114Y 118Y 114Z 118Z
116Z 1077 116Y 115Z 117Z 115Y 117Y 114Z 118Z 114Y 118Y
117X 1204 - 116X 118X - - 115X 119X - -
117Y 1078 115Z 116Y 118Y 116Z 118Z 115Y 119Y 115Z 119Z
117Z 1078 115Y 116Z 118Z 116Y 118Y 115Z 119Z 115Y 119Y
118X 1205 - 117X 119X - - 116X 120X - -
118Y 1079 118Z 117Y 119Y 117Z 119Z 116Y 120Y 116Z -
118Z 1079 118Y 117Z 119Z 117Y 119Y 116Z - 116Y 120Y
119X 1206 - 118X 120X - - 117X 121X - -
119Y 1080 119Z 118Y 120Y 118Z - 117Y 121Y 115Z -
119Z 1080 119Y 118Z - 118Y 120Y 117Z - 115Y 121Y
120X 1207 - 119X 121X - - 118X 122X - -
120Y 1081 - 119Y 121Y 119Z - 118Y 122Y 118Z -
121X 1208 - 120X 122X - - 119X 123X - -
121Y 1082 - 120Y 122Y - - 119Y 123Y 119Z -
122X 1209 - 121X 123X - - 120X 124X - -
122Y 1083 - 121Y 123Y - - 120Y 124Y - -
123X 1210 - 122X 124X - - 121X 125X - -
123Y 1084 - 122Y 124Y - - 121Y 125Y - -
124X 1211 - 123X 125X - - 122X 126X - -
124Y 1085 - 123Y 125Y - - 122Y 126Y - -
125X 1212 - 124X 126X - - 123X - - -
125Y 1086 - 124Y 126Y - - 123Y 1Y - -
126X 1213 - 125X - - - 124X - - -
126Y 1087 - 125Y 1Y - - 124Y 2Y - -
Note: The DME channelling and frequency pairing (see figure below) results in “anomalous”
adjacent channel combinations around 63X/64X and 63Y/64Y (e.g. 63X and 64Y). The term
“up-link FREQ” is used instead of “reply FREQ”.
DME channel
down-link FREQ (MHz)
1X/1Y 126X/126Y
960 1025 1087/1088 1150 1215 MHz
Y Y
X X
1X 63X/64Y 126Y/1Y 63Y/64X 126X

962 1024/1025 1087/1088 1150/1151 1213 MHz
DME channel
up-link FREQ (MHz)
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
6 MLS
Note: the MLS material has been temporarily removed, pending conclusion of the on-going
work in various groups. For any additional information on this subject please consult FMG/19
WP02 and the ICAO EUR FMG.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
7 Identifications of Radio Navigation Aids
7.1 References to Documents
- Annex 11, Appendix 2, paragraph 2.2

- Annex 10, Volume I, paragraphs 3.1.3.9, 3.3.6, 3.4.5, 3.5.2.5, 3.5.3.6, 3.11.4.8.2.1n and
Appendix B, paragraph 3.6.3.4.1
(ILS, VOR, NDB, DME, MLS and GBAS);
- European Region Air Navigation Plan (Doc 7754), Volume II, Part III.
7.2 Composition of Identifications
7.2.1 Identifications of navigation aids shall be so composed, if possible, as to facilitate association

with the name of the point in plain language. The table below provides an overview of the
requirements which have to be taken into account for identifications:
Facility Identification Remarks

NDB and Locator 2 or 3 letters of the International Morse Code. See Note 2
below
ILS 2 or 3 letters of the International Morse Code which may be Transmitted by the
preceded by the letter I. localizer.
ILS/DME ILS:
2 or 3 letters of the International Morse Code which may be
preceded by the letter I.
DME: Associated DME
Identical to associated ILS. identification signal.
VOR 2 or 3 letters of the International Morse Code.
VOR/DME VOR:
(VOR/TACAN 2 or 3 letters of the International Morse Code.
also called DME: Associated DME
VORTAC) Identical to associated VOR. identification signal.
DME Letters and numerals of the International Morse Code. Independent DME
(TACAN) identification signal
for stand-alone DME
facility.
MLS 3 letters A to Z. The characters shall be transmitted as a digital No MLS
word and encoded in accordance with the International configurations without
Alphabet No. 5. A letter M is added at the beginning of the associated DME are
identification, but not transmitted. planned.
MLS/DME MLS: See further details
3 letters A to Z. under MLS above.
DME: Associated DME
Identical to associated MLS. identification signal.
ILS/MLS/DME ILS: Triple frequency
3 letters of the International Morse Code which may start with pairing.
the letter I. See Note below.
MLS: See further details
Identical to associated ILS. under MLS above.
DME: Associated DME
Identical to associated ILS. identification signal.
GBAS 4 characters (upper case letters, numeric digits, space) of the
International Alphabet No. 5. Use of the Location Indicator of
nearest airport is recommended. The fourth character may be a
space (i.e. 3 letter identifications are acceptable).
Note 1: 4 letter ILS identifications do not fit into the triple frequency pairing requirements because of
the fixed number (3) of letters to be used for MLS and the associated DME.
7.2.2 A letter M is added ahead of the MLS identification as described above. This letter M is not
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
transmitted. Since it is added to all MLS identifications, it does not provide any additional
information which is not already available. It may be useful for operational purposes, but should
not be included in the planning process for identifications of radio navigation aids. With such an
arrangement, it is sufficient to co-ordinate and to register one single identification for each
collocated MLS/DME and ILS/MLS/DME facility.
7.2.3 The identification TST is reserved for radio navigation facilities on test and should not be used for
other purposes.
7.2.4 The two following combinations of letters should not be used for identifications
(FMG Decision 4/2): GAT and OAT.
7.3 Duplication
7.3.1 Duplication of the same identification of a navigation aid should, as far as possible, be avoided in
the EUR Region and in any case should not be permissible for two aids located less than 600 NM
apart. Due to these provisions, an aircraft at the maximum flight level will never be within radio
line-of-sight of more than one radio navigation facility using a specific identification.
7.3.2 The provisions of 7.3.1 above do not apply when two radio navigation aids operating in different
bands of the frequency spectrum are situated at the same location, then their identifications are
normally the same.
7.4 Co-ordination and Registration
7.4.1 Identifications should be subject to co-ordination and registration in the EUR Region in the same
way as frequencies of navigation aids.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
8. Non-ICAO Standard Systems operating in Part or in Total within ARNS Bands
RSBN
8.1 RSBN4 is a system that can provide information for APP and En Route Navigation similar as ILS,
VOR, DME and TACAN. RSBN4 uses for one system component the same frequencies as
DME/TACAN operating below channel 40x which is, why interference with DME and TACAN
is possible. This information was already presented as WP12 at the FMG-SG7 meeting in 2004,
but unfortunately no conclusion about further actions were reached. Continued operation could
have also an impact on a future ARNS system in the band.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Appendix A to Part III
Convention for indicating the angular limits of sectorization in range
1. The range values given for ICAO category facilities are the ICAO recommended designated
operational ranges and, for national facilities, the declared operational range requirement. In both
cases the ranges are normally circular, i.e. of the same value throughout 360° degrees (°).
2. Where, however, the designated or declared values of operational range are not the same in all
sectors, the following method is used to indicate the angular limits of sectors.
Method
3. The angles are measured clockwise along a horizontal plane from the True North direction
(Geographical North): 0° is True North, 90° is East, 180° is South, etc.
4. An angle is expressed by a three-digit number and can have any value between 000 and 359.
Example: 90° is noted 090.
5. A sector is defined by a range value in NM followed by a pair of angles into brackets in degrees
separated by “:”
Example: 80(130:180) means 80NM between 130° and 180°
6. [A sector is always defined clockwise.]
7. If several sectors have the same range, the range is followed by the sectors separated by a “+”
Example: 60(065:095 +160:200) means 60NM between 65° and 95° and between 160° and 200°
8. A sectorization is provided using a series of sectors. At the end of the sectorization a range value
preceded by “/” can be provided, to indicate the range for all the angles outside the defined
sectors
Example: 80(110:170)/60 means 80NM between 110° and 170° and 60NM elsewhere
9. Illustrative examples of sectorization
Illustrative examples of sectorization

(Figures below)
10. The sectorization as denoted is best described by the following examples.
Example 1. 80(000:090)/60 means 80 NM in sector 000° - 090° and 60 NM in other directions.
Example 2. 100(045:315)/60 means 100 NM in sector 315° - 045°, clockwise, and 60 NM in other
directions.
Example 3. 100(045:315)/60 means 100 NM in sector 045° - 315°. Note that this is a sectorization that
is the reverse of Example 2.
Example 4. 80(045:135+225:315)/60means 80 NM in sector 045° - 135 degrees, clockwise, and 225° -

315° also clockwise while 60 NM in what remains, that is the intermediate sectors 135° - 225° and
315° - 045°.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
000 degrees
100 NM
315 degrees 045 degrees
080 NM
090 degrees
60 NM 60 NM
60 NM 60 NM
80 NM 80 NM
60 NM
100 NM
Note: The method applied before FMG#25 (2019) which had divided a circle into 24 equal
radials, each designated with a letter taken from A to X, is kept for reference purposes in the
Supplement to Doc 011. It should not be used anymore in coordination and registration of
frequency assignments.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Appendix B
Generic calculation method for geographical separation distances
Propagation characteristics
It is assumed that propagation characteristics along the paths of the desired and undesired signals are
identical. Calculation of attenuation is based on free space propagation from the transmitter up to the
radio line-of-sight distance and on a constant attenuation factor beyond radio line-of-sight.
P RRLOS
h ha
Ru ha
undesired facility
desired facility Rd
P Critical point at the edge of the DOC of the desired facility

Rd Operational range of desired facility
Ru Distance between the edge of the DOC of the desired facility and the undesired facility
h Height of the DOC of the desired facility
ha Antenna height of the undesired facility
RRLOS Radio line-of-sight distance between P and height ha
(= sum of radio horizon distances from height P and ha)
Rs Separation distance between desired and undesired facilities (Rs = Rd + Ru)
Note: Radio horizon distances are calculated assuming a smooth Earth with an effective
radius of about 4/3 that of the actual radius.
Calculation of required separation distance
The free space propagation formula for the power flux-density:

EIRP
Pfd = (1)
4π × d 2
where
Pfd = power flux-density [W/m2]
EIRP = equivalent isotropically radiated power [W]
d = distance from transmitter [m]
Formula (1) can be expressed in logarithmic terms and using NM instead of m for the distance:
Pfd = EIRP – 20 log d – 10 log 4π – 20 log 1852
Pfd = EIRP – 20 log d – 76.3 (2)
where
Pfd = power flux-density from desired transmitter [dBW/m2]
EIRP = equivalent isotropically radiated power of the desired transmitter [dBW]
d = distance from transmitter [NM]
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
PART IV FREQUENCY CO-ORDINATION AND REGISTRATION PROCEDURES
The desired facility is protected against the undesired facility if:
D/U ≤ Pfdd – Pfdu (3)
where
D/U = protection ratio [dB]
Pfdd = power flux-density from desired transmitter [dBW/m2]
Pfdu = power flux-density from undesired transmitter [dBW/m2]
Applying formula (2) to the critical point P (figure):

D/U ≤ EIRPd – EIRPu – 20 log Rd + 20 log Ru
Ru
D/U ≤ K + 20 log ( ) (4)
Rd
where
EIRPd = equivalent isotropically radiated power of the desired transmitter
Note: The value of EIRPd is derived based on a required minimum field strength at the edge of
coverage of the desired facitlity, assuming free space propagation. This value is fictious and
does not correspond to the actually required radiated power. For example, for GBAS, the
minimum required field strength at the edge of coverage at a range of 23 NM is 215 μV/m
(-99 dBW/m2), which corresponds to 4 dBW (this value can be derived applying formula (2)).
EIRPu = equivalent isotropically radiated power of the undesired transmitter
K = EIRPd - EIRPu [dB]
Rd = operational range of the desired facility [NM]
Ru = distance of the undesired facility from the edge of the DOC of the desired facility [NM]
The required separation distance Rs can be derived from formula (4):

Ru
D/U – K ≤ 20 log ( )
Rd
R
(D/U – K)/20 ≤ log ( u )
Rd
10 (D/U-K)/20
≤ Ru/Rd with Rs = Rd + Ru
Rs ≥ Rd (1 + 10 (D/U-K)/20
) (5)
This formula applies, if the undesired transmitter is within radio line-of-sight from the edge of the DOC
of the desired facility:
Rs - Rd ≤ RRLOS with RRLOS = 1.23 ( h + ha )

Rs ≤ Rd + 1.23 ( h + ha ) [NM]
where
h = height of the DOC of the desired facility [ft]
ha = antenna height of the undesired facility [ft]
Beyond radio line-of-sight, a constant attenuation factor is used to calculate the path loss. Applying
formula (2):
Pfdu = EIRPu – 20 log RRLOS – 76.3 – a × (Ru – RRLOS)
Applying formula (4):

RRLOS
D/U ≤ K + 20 log ( ) + a × (Ru – RRLOS)
Rd
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
RRLOS
D/U – K – a × (Rs – Rd – RRLOS) ≤ 20 log ( )
Rd
RRLOS
a × (Rs – Rd – RRLOS) ≥ –20 log ( ) + D/U – K
Rd
R
Rs ≥ Rd + RRLOS + [D/U – K – 20 log ( RLOS )]/a
Rd
Rs ≥ Rd + 1.23 ( h + ha ) + [D/U – K – 20 log (1.23 ( h + ha )/Rd)]/a (6)
where
a = attenuation factor beyond radio line-of-sight [dB/NM]
a can be derived from Recommendation ITU-R P.528-2 Propagation curves for aeronautical mobile and
radionavigation services using VHF, UHF and SHF bands.
The following procedure should be applied to determine the required separation distance Rs
between two facilities:
(1) Determine Rs = Rd (1 + 10(D/U-K)/20);
(2) if Rs ≤ Rd + 1.23 ( h + ha ), then Rs is the required separation distance;
(3) if Rs > Rd + 1.23 ( h + ha ), then determine

Rs = Rd + 1.23 ( h + ha ) + [D/U – K – 20 log (1.23 ( h + ha )/Rd)]/a;
(4) repeat steps (1) to (3) with reversed roles for the desired and undesired facilities; and
(5) the greater separation distance resulting from the two runs desribed above is the required
separation distance.
where
Rs = separation distance [NM]
Rd = operational range of the desired facility [NM]
D/U = desired to undesired signal ratio required to protect the desired facility [dB]
K = EIRP of the desired minus EIRP of the undesired transmitter [dB]
h = height of the DOC of the desired facility [ft]
ha = antenna height of the undesired facility [ft]
a = attenuation factor beyond radio line-of-sight [dB/NM]
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
PART IV FREQUENCY CO-ORDINATION AND REGISTRATION

PROCEDURES
1 Introduction
1.1 Co-ordination and registration procedures for frequency assignments are usually agreed between States
under the rules of the ITU. These procedures are agreed between States in order to assure mutual
acknowledgement of (the status of) each other's frequency assignments and the corresponding rights
and obligations under ITU rules. Within the aeronautical ICAO community in Europe, the FMG has
established co-ordination procedures between States, which can be regarded as mirror procedures to the
formal ITU versions. Although these procedures do not have the same formal status as the original ITU-
ones, in practice they are treated by States concerned in much the same way. This document highlights
the main parties involved in these procedures and their mutual relationship/responsibility.
2 General
2.1 The main part of this document contains the basic co-ordination and registration procedure for use in
the European Region.
2.2 The implementation of co-ordination and registration procedures is supported by SAFIRE, a dedicated
internet-based facility developed and managed by EUROCONTROL on behalf of the FMG and the
Registration Office (ICAO EANPG Conclusion 50/20 refers)*. The performance of SAFIRE is
regularly reviewed by the FMG. States are strongly encouraged to register as users of SAFIRE in order
to increase individual and overall efficiency.
2.3 Co-ordination of new or modified frequency assignments is required with all States concerned that may
be affected by the proposed assignment.
2.4 Special procedures apply if it is necessary to change the frequency of an existing assignment in order to
satisfy a request for a new assignment or for a modification of another existing assignment. In these
circumstances, the co-ordination activity should encompass also the States that may be involved in the
required frequency shifts of existing assignments as well as the States that may be concerned with these
frequency shifts. EUROCONTROL has established on behalf of the FMG specialized co-ordination
mechanisms for the satisfaction of such frequency requests. States are encouraged to request the support
of EUROCONTROL when faced with such frequency requests.
2.5 The ICAO Paris Office would be available to assist States in resolving any co-ordination difficulties or
disputes.
* EANPG Conclusion 50/20 - Implementation of the SAFIRE for COM2 coordination:

That starting on 1 January 2009, the on-line system SAFIRE be used as the only means of frequency assignments
coordination and registration for COM2 Tables in the ICAO EUR Region.
Note : Table COM2 was renamed Table COM as per EASPG Conclusion 1/20 (December
2020)
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3 Basic Co-ordination and Registration Procedures for Aeronautical Frequency

Assignments
3.1 The basic procedure for the co-ordination and registration of aeronautical frequency assignments is
depicted in the figure of Section 3 of Part I of this manual (page 3). As can be seen from this, the main
parties involved are:
1) States having a requirement for an addition or modification of an assignment to a service;
2) all States concerned with a proposed new assignment or modification of an existing

assignment to a service;
3) the Registration Office (ICAO EUR/NAT Office).
It is clarified that in the co-ordination and registration process participate also States from adjacent
ICAO regions.
3.2 For the implementation of the co-ordination and registration procedures described below, the following
arrangements apply:
1) States registered to SAFIRE for a given category (COM, NAV) of assignments (referred to as
SAFIRE States henceforth) make mandatorily use of the appropriate utilities of the facility.
Under normal conditions,, SAFIRE States are expected to execute their tasks exclusively on
SAFIRE.
2) States not registered to SAFIRE for a given category of assignments (referred to as non-
SAFIRE States henceforth) should exchange co-ordination and registration messages as
described in the following paragraph.
3) With the exception of bilateral negotiations, the exchange of information between a SAFIRE
State and a non-SAFIRE State or between two non-SAFIRE States is effected through the
mediation of the Registration Office. In particular, requests, reactions or notifications of non-
SAFIRE States which concern SAFIRE States or other non-SAFIRE States are sent to the
Registration Office, which in turn produces the appropriate entries into SAFIRE. Conversely
for requests, reactions or notifications of SAFIRE or non-SAFIRE States which concern non-
SAFIRE States, the Registration Office retrieves the corresponding information entered in
SAFIRE and generates the appropriate messages to the non-SAFIRE States concerned. In
their communication with the Registration Office for co-ordination and registration purposes,
non-SAFIRE States may usethe dedicated e-mail address [email protected].
4) For the distribution of co-ordination-related material entered in SAFIRE to concerned non-

SAFIRE States the Registration Office is supported by automation. Unless a non-SAFIRE
State informs the Registration Office of the list of SAFIRE States from which it wishes to
receive co-ordination-related messages, the Registration Office shall forward to such non
SAFIRE State all SAFIRE co-ordination-related messages.
3.3 The various actions and responsibilities of each of the parties in the co-ordination and registration
procedures are described in the paragraphs below.
3.4 A State having a requirement for an addition/modification of an assignment to a service is responsible

for:
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
a) the request for co-ordination and registration to be submitted to all States concerned and the
Registration Office (Note: Proposals establish priority with respect to their provisional protection
according to their time of submission to the Registration Office);
b) in case any objections are raised:

i) negotiating with objecting State(s) on details of the proposed assignment with a view to solving
identified incompatibilities; or
ii) the withdrawal of the objected proposal and corresponding notification to all States concerned
and the Registration Office
Note 1: In case of objection, requesting States may extend their bilateral negotiations with objecting States
beyond the 4-week period of paragraph 3.7 b) up until 3 months from the submission of the co-
ordination request.
Note 2: Requests for modifications of the remarks field or of the location name field as well as VHF COM
conversions to 8.33 kHz channel spacing on the same frequency may reach the Registration Office
without prior co-ordination.
Note 3: Care of the Registration Office, objected proposals, , are deleted from the pertinent databases after
the lapse of 3 months from their submission. Objected proposals under investigation by the
Registration Office are not subject to removal.
3.5 Deletions of assignments are submitted to the Registration Office and notified to all States concerned.
3.6 All States concerned with a possible impact of a proposed addition/modification of an assignment on
one or more of their registered assignments or proposals are responsible for:
a) the protection of their registered assignments and proposals against incompatibility with the
proposed addition/modification;
b) the proper reaction to the requesting State and the Registration Office, based on the
examination of a proposal as above, within 4 weeks from the notification of the co-ordination
request (Note: No answer by the target date will be taken as an approval); and
c) the proper reaction to the requesting State and the Registration Office in the eventof an
improperly registered proposal.
Note 1: Valid objections can be raised against proposals which do not contain all information required for
compatibility assessment or contain implausible data (e.g. frequencies not complying with the
appropriate pairing tables, in the case of paired services).
3.7 After the lapse of the 4-week period of paragraph 3.6b), non-objected proposals are registered in the
appropriate ICAO EUR COM or NAV table of frequency assignments. Objected proposals are
registered in the appropriate table only after all objections to these proposals are withdrawn.
Note 1: If bilateral negotiations are foreseen to last longer than 4 weeks, States having valid concerns
about a proposal are advised to object this proposal, without prejudice to the outcome of the
negotiations.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Note 2: Until SAFIRE supports fully the automation of this step, manual action will be required for the
registration of proposals.
3.8 The Registration Office is responsible for:
a) the registration of assignments and in general for the maintenance of the COM tables, NAV Tables
and associated databases, both in terms of form and content;
b) the archiving of the co-ordination registration requests of non-SAFIRE States; and
c) the publication on the ICAO web-site of the updated COM and NAV tables on a semiannual basis;
d) inter-regional co-ordination with adjacent ICAO Region Offices, in the sense of the exchange of
critical information for the co-ordination and the registration of assignments;
e) providing the mediation described above in paragraph 3.3.3), as the need of information exchange
arises between SAFIRE and non-SAFIRE states; and
f) the oversight of SAFIRE operation.
3.9 The format of the messages used for information exchange over AFTN should follow the guidelines
described in the Appendices A, B and C. Appendix D (templates and examples° clarifies the form and
the content of the information to be exchanged.
3.10 A proposing State faced with an unwarranted objection may submit a registration request to the
Registration Office with the corresponding notification to all States concerned. This request should be
accompanied with the appropriate documentation. The Registration Office considers the request on
condition that sufficient evidence is provided that the proposing State has diligently sought the
withdrawal of the objection by the objecting State(s).
3.11 Taking due account of the views of the parties involved, the Registration Office performs then an
examination of the case with respect to the conformity with the procedures, the technical requirements
and the general principles governing the safe and efficient use of the aeronautical frequency spectrum.
3.12 In this task the Registration Office may ask the assistance of a group of experts on an ad-hoc or a
permanent basis at which the representatives of the concerned parties may be present to introduce their
views.
3.13 If the finding of the examination of the registration request is favourable, the proposal is registered by
the Registration Office in the appropriate COM or NAV table with an indication of the objecting
State(s). The assignment then enjoys full protection rights with respect to all States including the
objecting States. The outcome of the examination shall be notified to the parties concerned.
3.14 Concerned States disagreeing with a finding of the Registration Office may request the review of it. The
review of a finding may also be undertaken on the initiative of the Registration Office itself when it
considers it justified.
3.15 On applying FMG decisions, the Registration Office is authorised to relegate a proposal or an
assignment to the status of an objected proposal. Such a measure may be for instance required in
preserving the rights of States in relation to the priority of submission of co-ordination material
3.16 For the basic steps of the co-ordination and registration procedure, the actions of SAFIRE and non-
SAFIRE States are clarified below:
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Non-SAFIRE States SAFIRE States

Submission of a Send appropriate message to the Make appropriate entry
proposal Registration Office into SAFIRE
Reaction to a Send appropriate message to the Make appropriate entry
proposal Registration Office into SAFIRE
Registration
Send appropriate message to the Make appropriate entry
request for a
Registration Office into SAFIRE
proposal
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Appendix A: Country codes and AFTN addresses to be used for frequency co-ordination
Organization/State ITU Country Code AFTN address E-mail or fax

ICAO Regional Office (ICAO Paris) - LFPSYAYU [email protected]
EUROCONTROL - LKINEURO [email protected]
Albania ALB LATIYFYX [email protected]
Algeria ALG DAAAYKYD [email protected]
Armenia ARM +37 41 228 2066
Austria AUT LOWWYNYX [email protected]
Azerbaijan AZE [email protected]
Belarus BLR UMMDYKYX [email protected]
Belgium BEL EBVAYTYX [email protected]
Bosnia and Herzegovina BIH LQBHYATS [email protected]
Bulgaria BUL LBSFYAYX [email protected]
Croatia HRV LDZAYATS [email protected]
Cyprus CYP LCNCYAYX [email protected]
Czech Republic CZE LKPRYAYX [email protected]
Denmark DNK EKCAYAYX [email protected]
Egypt EGY HECAYAYX
Estonia EST EETNYTYX
Finland FIN EFCAYAYX [email protected]
France F [email protected]
Georgia GEO [email protected]
Germany D EDDAYGNA [email protected]
Greece GRC [email protected]
Hungary HNG LHBPYEYX [email protected]
Ireland IRL EIDWYAYX [email protected]
Israel ISR LLAAYYYX
Italy I LIIRYTYX [email protected]
Jordan JOR OJAMYAYX
Kazakhstan KAZ
Kyrgyzstan KYR [email protected]
Latvia LVA EVRRYTYX [email protected]
Lebanon LBN OLBAYFYX
Libya LBY HLLTYAYX
Lithuania LTU [email protected]
Luxembourg LUX ELLXYAYF [email protected]
Malta MLT LMMLYAYA [email protected]
Moldova MDA LUKKYAYX [email protected]
Morocco MRC GMMRYHDT [email protected]
Netherlands HOL EHGGYIEZ [email protected]
Norway NOR [email protected]
Poland POL EPWAYFMG [email protected]
Portugal POR LPPTYVYW [email protected]
Romania ROU LRBBYDYT [email protected]
Russian Federation RUS UUUUYTYX [email protected]
Serbia SRB LYBBYTYX [email protected]
Slovak Republic SVK LZIBYQYC [email protected]
Slovenia SVN LJLAYAYX [email protected]
Spain E LEANZXIC [email protected]
Sweden S ESALYAYX [email protected]
Switzerland SUI LSSOYAYF [email protected]
Syrian Arab Republic SYR OSDSYTYX
The Former Yugoslav Republic of MKD LWSKYKYT [email protected]
Macedonia
Tunisia TUN DTTCYDNA [email protected]
Turkey TUR LTAAYAYT [email protected]; [email protected]
Turkmenistan TKM
Ukraine UKR UKKAYTYD [email protected]
United Kingdom G EGGAYTYF [email protected]
Uzbekistan UZB
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Note 1: E-mail and fax are the only method of communication with ICAO EUR/NAT Office
Note2: Proposals for the assignment of frequencies or identifications have to be addressed to States concerned. However, the following States would
like to get copies of all proposals and registration messages: BEL, D, F, G and HRV.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Appendix B: A unique message reference system
The National Co-ordination Reference (NCR)
Field name Explanation Number of

characters
Country Code ITU Country Code (ref. Appendix A) 1 or 3 letters
Type of service 2 1 digit
(COM Table communications (Table COM) (2, 3 or 4)
number) 3
VHF/UHF/SHF navigation (Table NAV)
4
LF/MF navigation (Table NAV)
Sequential number A unique sequential number for each type of 4 digits
service
Co-ordination Indicates the phase of the co-ordination: 1
phase P – Proposal
S – Standard Updating Message
Type of Indicates the different amendments. 10, 12 or 14
amendment Addition of a new assignment
(ADDITION)
Modification of an existing assignment
(MODIFICATION)
Deletion of an existing assignment
(DELETION)
Withdrawal of a proposal
(WITHDRAWAL)
Note 1: A NCR should be associated with only one assignment. If a co-ordination message refers to more
than one assignments then a separate NCR should be used for each one of them.
Note 2: Frequency changes of registered assignments may be co-ordinated in steps – as additions of a new
assignment identical to the existing except the frequency and later, after the new frequency has
become operational, with a deletion of the old assignment using different sequential numbers for
addition and deletion.
Example: HOL 2 0027 S (ADDITION)

Country Type of Sequential Co-ordination Type of
Code service number phase amendment
HOL 2 0027 S (ADDITION)
This NCR should be used to register an additional assignment to the VHF communications list for the
Netherlands. The NCR of the next co-ordination message of the Netherlands for the same type of service
should start with HOL 2 0028.
Basic principles for the use of a NCR in the co-ordination process:

• Each addition of a new assignment or modification or deletion of an existing assignment shall be
referenced with an individual NCR.
• The same NCR will be used for an assignment during a complete co-ordination process.
• If a proposal is withdrawn then the NCR sequential number of the withdrawal message shall be identical
to the one used in the corresponding proposal.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Appendix C: Mandatory Coordination Data
It is mandatory to include the data fields set out in the tables D1 to D3 below in all frequency coordination
proposals.
The mandatory data items marked * have no impact on compatibility with other frequency assignments.
When modifying existing frequency assignments, changes to these data items are permitted without prior
coordination with other States.
COM 2
National Coordination Reference

Country Code
Location name*
Channel
Service type
DOC
Coordinates (not applicable to area assignments)
Service area name (for all area assignments)
Polygon coordinates (for all area assignments)
Climax service and number of legs (for all Climax
services)
Coordinates of transmitting and receiving ground
stations (applicable to coordinations after 31
December 2015 in specified cases as set out below)
Table D-1 – Table COM Mandatory Data Fields
Coordination of COM ground stations
The location of COM transmitting and receiving ground stations shall be coordinated in the following cases:
• Area services where the transmitting ground stations are outside of the DOC;
• Circular services where the transmitting ground stations are not within 3NM of the DOC centre;
• Transmitting or receiving ground stations that lie within 10 NM of an adjacent State’s landmass;
• Cases where the inclusion of the transmitting or receiving ground station location is a precondition for
accepting an incompatible proposal.
It is recommended that for Climax services, the position of the ground stations is coordinated where possible.
COM 3
ILS VOR DME/TACAN GBAS MLS

Country Code
Facility type (e.g. ILS, VOR, ILS/DME, VORTAC etc.)
Location name*
DOC
Identification
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Frequency Frequency Channel Frequency Channel
- EIRP EIRP (PEP) EIRP -
Runway served - - - Runway served
(required in cases (required in cases
where TRD has not where TRD has
been coordinated) not been
coordinated)
- - Directional DME Elevation (amsl) -
(Y/N)
True radiation - TRD (required for Antenna - True radiation
direction (TRD) directional DMEs only) polarisation - direction (TRD)
required for all new GBAS/H (default) required for all
coordinations or GBAS/E new
coordinations
Time slot
number(s)
Data selector
number(s) (RPDS
and RSDS)
Note: TRD and runway information not applicable to area assignments
Table D-2 – Table NAV Mandatory Data Fields
NAV
Country Code
Location name*
Frequency
Service type – NDB or Locator
Identification
Range
Table D-3 – Table NAV Mandatory Data Fields
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4 Procedure to allocate or request a New UHF Channel for ATC Communications in GAT
4.1 General Overview
4.1.1 The UHF band (225-400 MHz) within NATO Member States is collectively managed by the NATO
Frequency Management Sub-Committee (FMSC), with the technical and administrative support of the
Spectrum Management Branch (SMB) which is a permanent Staff located at NATO Headquarters
(NATO HQ), Brussels.
4.1.2 When a request for assignment in the UHF band is received at SMB, it will be checked for correctness
and run through the NUFAS tool (NATO UHF Assignment Software) that will identify a proper UHF
channel taking into account all geographical, technical and administrative details provided in the
request. Once the frequency is identified and assigned, the assignment record is stored in the SMB
database and a copy is sent back to the national agency (NARFA or equivalent office) of the
requesting State (CASE 1 for NATO State or CASE 2 for Non NATO State).
Important Note:
Since the band is managed centrally by SMB which maintains a central database of all UHF
Air/Ground/Air assignments, the Nations do not normally nominate or propose frequencies in the
requests; SMB assigns directly the best suitable frequency for the request.
4.2 Case 1: For NATO Member States
4.2.1 The procedure for NATO Member States to get a deconflicted frequency assignment in the NATO
UHF band (225-400 MHz) is governed by a NATO Agreement which is of application throughout
NATO Europe. Every NATO Member State has within its Ministry of Defence a National Radio
Frequency Agency (NARFA), or equivalent office, which acts as the point of contact between the
Nation and the SMB at NATO HQ. NARFAs collect requests from their National Users, either
military or civilian, willing to operate in the UHF band, and forward them to the SMB. The format of
the request coming from the national users to its NARFA is a national decision, but the format of the
request forwarded to SMB must use the NATO “Spectrum Management Allied Data Exchange
Format” (SMADEF). A free software tool (ARCADE), is distributed by SMB to help producing
requests in SMADEF form.
4.3 Case 2: For Non NATO Members
4.3.1. These States that are not Member of NATO but that belong to EUR/NAT ICAO Region may also get
support from the SMB at NATO HQ in the process of deconflicting UHF channels to be used for
Civilian Communications. This deconfliction is necessary due to the large coordination distances
involved to avoid interferences.
4.3.2 The Appendix A is a simplified request form, based on the information normally provided in SMADEF
format. It lists the information that, as a minimum, is necessary to the SMB to run their Frequency
Assignment System in order to identify an available UHF channel. This form may be subject to changes
that will be notified by NATO as necessary. An example of a filled-in questionnaire is also attached.
Notes:
1. Other information may be required by SMB from those States on a case by case basis and this
will be done by bilateral coordination with the Point Of Contact mentioned in the request form.
2. Non NATO Member States who wish it are free to use the full SMADEF format and associated
free software tool ARCADE, in place of the simplified form at Appendix X.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Appendix A: UHF Request Form:
Items Data Example

Geographical data
Station Name Up to 24 characters ORLY ARPT
Antenna Location dddmmssE/W - 0022157E - 484352N
ddmmssN/S
Antenna Site Elevation (AMSL in MMMMM 88 m
meters)
1/2
Service Radius (in KM) KKKK 78 Km
1
Aeronautical Service Height (in feet) fffff 25000ft
Technical data
Transmitter Nomenclature (name) Not essential R&S Serie 200
Tuning lower limit (in MHz) Mxxx.xxx M225
Tuning upper limit (in MHz) Mxxx.xxx M399.975
Tuning increment 25 or 50kHz 25K
Maximum output power (in dBW) xx.x 17.0
Antenna Nomenclature (name) Not essential HK001
Antenna Type E.g.UHF Broadband, OMNIDIRECTIONAL
Whip,..
Antenna Polarisation V, H, M,.. V
Antenna Gain (in dBi) -/+xx.xxdBi +2dBi
Emission Designator (ITU code) E.g. 6K00A3E-- 6K00A3E--
VHF Assigned at the site(to avoid Mxxx.xxx, Mxxx.xxx,… M131.35, M123.875,
harmonics) M124.45, M118.7,
M120.5, M121.7,
M121.825, M127.75,
M128.375, M121.05
Forbidden or non desirable Freq(or Mxxx.xxx to Mxxx.xxx M225 to M230
band) M235.125
M380 to M385
M390 to M395
Administrative data
Owner ITU Country code C,CC or CCC F
Call sign or ICAO Location identifier LLLL LFPO
Point Of Contact Data Name, Tel, Fax, E-mail,… M. DUCHEMIN
Tel: +33.1.22.33.44.55
[email protected]
Customer Reference Number If any -
Operational Date YYYYMMDD 20070601
Expiration Date (+ 5 Years by default) YYYYMMDD 20120630
Remarks All pertinent information e.g.: This assignment
not covered by the above will be used by ATC in
item but helpful for the charge of States
assignment and record Aircraft not equiped
process. with 8.33
Note: 1 Also known as protected range and protected altitude

2 If not a circle but a sector (polygon) please insert the coordinate points that
represent the boundary of the polygon.
-- END --
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION

EUROPEAN AND NORTH ATLANTIC OFFICE

EUR FREQUENCY MANAGEMENT MANUAL

Procedure for the Amendment of the EUR Frequency Management Manual

INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION

Edition Subject(s) Approved

2007 Amendment concerning Maritime Radio Beacons with DGPS FMG/11

2018 Amendment List of Abbreviations and Part I, General Overview FMG/24

Amendment to the Supplement of EUR Doc 011:

Amendment to the Supplement of EUR Doc 011:

2022 a) Updates to Appendix A: Country Codes and AFTN Addresses FMG/28

2023 a) Extension of temporary allotment of the frequency 136.675 FMG/29

b) Endorsement of new coordination procedures for Urgent

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................................................................... viii

PART I SCOPE AND GENERAL OVERVIEW ............................................................................................................ 1

2 The Frequency Management Group ............................................................................................................................ 2

3 General Rules for Co-ordination of Frequency Assignments .................................................................................... 3

PART II VHF AIR-GROUND COMMUNICATIONS FREQUENCY ASSIGNMENT PLANNING CRITERIA ... 5

2 Utilization of the frequency band 117.975 – 137 MHz ................................................................................................ 7

3 Services and frequency protection volumes ............................................................................................................... 10

4 Channels and Assignments: Classification and Treatment ...................................................................................... 12

5 Co-channel separation distances between services.................................................................................................... 15

6 Adjacent channel separation distances between services ......................................................................................... 19

7 Operational Control .................................................................................................................................................... 21

8 Utilization of the Frequency Band 112 – 117.975 MHz ............................................................................................ 21

9 VDL Mode 2 Assignments ........................................................................................................................................... 23

10 VDL Mode 4 Assignments ........................................................................................................................................... 23

1 NDB and locator .......................................................................................................................................................... 24

7 Identifications of Radio Navigation Aids ................................................................................................................... 80

PART IV FREQUENCY CO-ORDINATION AND REGISTRATION PROCEDURES ............................................ 88

ACARS Aircraft Communications Addressing and Reporting System

CCIR International Radio Consultative Committee (predecessor of ITU-R)

PART I SCOPE AND GENERAL OVERVIEW

LF/MF 255 – 495 kHz and NDB and locator

UHF 328.6 – 335.4 MHz ILS glide path

SHF 5030 – 5150 MHz MLS

1.2 Aeronautical HF air-ground communications frequencies are planned in accordance with

2 The Frequency Management Group

c) Identify any deficiencies in the aeronautical frequency spectrum management related

d) Foster implementation by facilitating the exchange of know-how and transfer of

2.2 The main tasks of the FMG are:

b) to co-ordinate the frequency aspects of new requirements, as necessary;

c) to give advice to States on questions of frequency assignment, rated coverage, etc., as

d) to undertake specific tasks assigned to it by the EASPG;

f) to work in liaison with relevant international organisations.

3 General Rules for Co-ordination of Frequency Assignments

Requesting State negotiates

ICAO Assignment granted.

i. All concerned States have registered their acceptance, or

PART II VHF AIR-GROUND COMMUNICATIONS FREQUENCY

1.2 References to documents:

- Annex 10, Volume V, paragraph 4.1

1.3.3.3 In case of congestion of the dedicated AS sub-band, frequencies may be planned on a

2 Utilization of the frequency band 117.975 – 137 MHz

Channel Frequencies (MHz) Worldwide General EUR special application or

Frequencies (MHz) Usage Remarks

136.700 VDL Mode 2 AIR

136.750 VDL Mode 2 AIR

136.800 VDL Mode 2 AIR