BMYOUMA HCAC YUOKF@W

YUOJUMH CAWFUAPCY GODWFU CAGOAFPCM (YCGC)

LMDWOU YFASFEME DFWCGMDPFPVMCMA

DFWCGMDPFPVMCMA

DVAKVAJMA MA@ (D= GMA D7) GC YVPDFPHMP ZMCPMC

DMEVYMWFA UMKM MHYMW

Gcsusua Obfn;
gr. @ncagc Hmbpo Ymcatu
gr. Hmrjmrftn Wnrfscm Umym

Yfhechecaj ;
gr. Mjafs Hfbcmam Pusmatny

DFHFAWFUCMA DFPFNMWMA UFYVEBCD CAGOAFPCM

YUOJUMH CAWFUAPCY GODWFU CAGOAFPCM MAJDMWMA C WMNVA 595=
YVPDFPHMP ZMCPMC DMEVYMWFA UMKM MHYMW

595=
 BFHEMU YFAJFPMNMA

Bmporma Hcac Yrokf`t

Yrojrmh Catfrascp Godtfr Cagoafscm (YCGC)

Kugub
LMDWOU YFASFEME DFWCGMDPFPVMCMA
DFWCGMDPFPVMCMA
DVAKVAJMA MA@ (D= GMA D7) GC YVPDFPHMP ZMCPMC
DMEVYMWFA UMKM MHYMW

Gcmkudma gma gcprfsfatmscdma gmbmh rmajdm prmdtcd dbcacs Godtfr Catfrascp

Pfdmbcjus sfemjmc emjcma gmrc pfrsymrmtma hfayfbfsmcdma Yrojrmh Catfrascp
Godtfr Cagoafscm gc Yusdfshms Zmcsmc Dmeupmtfa Umkm Mhpmt

Wfbmn gcsftukuc gma gcprfsfatmscdma pmgm ;

Nmrc ; Dmhcs
Wmaj
Wmajjm
jmbb ; 57 Kuac
Kuac 59
595=
5=

Zmcsmc, 57 Kuac 595=

Hfajftmnuc,

Godtfr Yfagmhpcaj Dfpmbm Yusdfshms Zmcsmc

gr. Mjafs Hfbcmam Pusmatny AVUKMAC HMUMGKMEFPPS,P.Dfp4Afrs

ACY. =3>9975: 5995=5 5 99:
99:

cc
 DMWM YFAJMAWMU

Yukc gma syudur dmhc pmakmtdma dfnmgncrmt Wunma Smaj Hmnm Fsm, dmrfam mtms efrdmt
gma rmn
rmnhmt
hmt-Ay
-Aymm dmh
dmhcc gmp
gmpmt
mt hfa
hfayfb
yfbfsm
fsmcdm
cdma
a bmporm
bmporma
a hcac prokf`t
prokf`t pusdfshms
pusdfshms gmbmh rmajdm
rmajdm
hfhfaunc smbmn smtu tujms Yrojrmh Catfrascp Godtfr Cagoafscm. Dmhc hfaymgmrc smajmtbmn subct
emjc dmhc uatud hfayfbfsmcdma bmporma hcac prokf`t cac tmapm ematuma gma echecajmma gmrc
efremjmc pcnmd. Efrsmhm cac dmhc hfaymhpmcdma tfrchm dmscn ymaj sfefsmr-efsmraym sfrtm

pfajnmrjmma ymaj sftcajjc-tcajjcaym dfpmgm

dfpmgm ;
=. gr.Mja
gr.Mjafs
fs Hfbcmam
Hfbcmam Pusm
Pusmatn
atny
y sfbmdu
sfbmdu pfh
pfhech
echeca
ecajj dmhc, Ceu Aurkmac
Aurkmac Hmrmgk
Hmrmgkmef
mefssy
ssy sfbmdu
sfbmdu
Dfpmbm
Dfpm bm Yusdfshms
Yusdfshms Zmcsmc Dme. Umkm Mhpmt, gma gr.Vbchm Pchmtupm
Pchmtupmaj
aj ymaj tfbmn hfhefrc
dfsfhpmtma dfpmgm dmhc uatud hfachem cbhu gma pfajmbmhma sfrtm sfbmbu hfagmhpcajc dmhc
sfbmhmm hfbmd
sfbmh hfbmdsmamd
smamdma
ma Yrojrm
Yrojrmhh Catfra
Catfrascp
scp Godtf
Godtfrr Cagoaf
Cagoafscm
scm gc Yusdf
Yusdfshms
shms Zmcsmc Dmeupmtfa
Dmeupmtfa
Umkm Mhpmt.

5. Pfb
Pfburu
urun
n stm
stmll sfr
sfrtm
tm dmrymw
dmrymwma
ma Yusdfshms
Yusdfshms Zmcsmc
Zmcsmc Dme. Umkm Mhpmt ymaj tfbmn hfa`cpt
hfa`cptmdm
mdma
a
sumsmam
sumsmam dfdf
dfdfbumrjm
bumrjmma
ma ymaj nmrhoacs sfrtm sfamatcmsm hfhematu gma hfaguduaj
hfaguduaj dmhc gmbmh
gmbmh
pfbmdsmamma Yrojrmh Catfrascp Godtfr Cagoafscm cac ymaj tcgmd
tcgmd ecsm gcsfeutdma smtu-pfrsmtu.

0. Ymrm ceu nmhc

nmhcbb ymaj gfajm
gfajma
a sfamaj nmtc ef
efrsfgcm
rsfgcm hfa
hfakmgc
kmgc rfspoagfa
rfspoagfa hcac
hcac prokf`
prokf`tt cac.

7. Uf
Ufdm
dma-r
a-rfd
fdma
ma godt
godtfr
fr Catf
Catfra
rascp
scp Dme.
Dme. Um
Umkm
km Mh
Mhpmpmtt Yf
Yfrc
rcog
ogff C tm
tmnu
nua
a 595=
595= ym
ymaj
aj sf
sfam
amat
atcm
cmsm
sm
hfhfrcdma guduajma emcd horcb hmupua hmtfrcb.

6. Dfgum orm
ormaj
aj tum, smugmr
smugmrm,
m, gma sfhum ormaj ymaj dmh
dmhcc smymajc ymaj sfamatcmsm
sfamatcmsm hfhe
hfhefrcdm
frcdma
a
dmhc guduajma gma gom.

<. Pfr
Pfrtm
tm sfhum pcnmd ymaj tcgmd gmpmgmpmtt dmh
dmhcc sfe
sfeutd
utdma
ma smt
smtu-p
u-pfrs
frsmtu
mtu ymaj tfbmn hfhef
hfhefrcd
rcdma
ma
ematuma emcd bmajsuaj hmupua tcgmd bmajsuaj sfncajjm bmporma hcac prokf`t pusdfshms cac
gmpmt tfrsfbfsmcdma gfajma emcd.

Mdncr dmtm, dmhc efrnmrmp Wunma Smaj Hmnm Fsm efrdfama hfhembms sfjmbm dfemcdma
sfhum pcnmd ymaj tfbmn hfhematu. Pfhojm bmporma hcac prokf`t pusdfshms cac gmpmt efrhmalmmt
emjc dctm sfhum.

Zmcsmc, Kuac 595=

gr. @ncagc gma gr. Hmrjmrftn
GMLWMU CPC

NMBMHMA KVGVB..................................
KVGVB............................................................................................... c
.............................................................
BFHEMU YFAJFPMNMA...........................
YFAJFPMNMA.................................................
...................................................... .. cc
..................................
DMWM YFAJMAWMU............................
YFAJMAWMU..................................................
...............................................................ccc
.........................................
GMLWMU CPC.................................
CPC.......................................................
............................................
................................................... cv
.............................

EME C YFAGMNVBVMA.......................
YFAGMNVBVMA.............................................
............................................
..........................................=
....................=

=.=. Bmtmr Efbmdmaj..........................................

Efbmdmaj................................................................
.................................................
...........................==

ccc
 =.5.Uuhusma Hmsmbmn..........................................
Hmsmbmn................................................................
.............................................0
.......................0
=.0.Wukuma.........................................................................................................0
=.7.Hmalmmt.......................................................................................................0

EME CC WCAKMVMA YVPWMDM......................................................

YVPWMDM............................................................................6
......................6

5.=.Yfajfrtcma Dfnmhcbma........................................
Dfnmhcbma..............................................................
.........................................
...................66
5.5.Doasfp Matfamtmb @mrf (MA@)..........................................
(MA@)...................................................................6
.........................6
5.0. Matfamtmb @mrf (D7).................
(D7).......................................
............................................
............................................
.......................>
.>

EME CCC HFWOGF YFAFBCWCMA...............................

YFAFBCWCMA.....................................................................
......................................=:
=:
0.=. Uumaj Bcajdup Yfafbctcma..................................
Yfafbctcma........................................................
.......................................=:
.................=:
0.5. Gfsmca Yfafbctcma..........................................
Yfafbctcma................................................................
.............................................=:
.......................=:
0.0. Yopubmsc gma Pmhpfb Yfafbctcma............................................................
Yfafbctcma................................................................=:
....=:
0.7. Wfdacd Yfajuhpubma gma Castruhfa Yfafbctcma.......................................=>
0.6. Hftogf Yfajobmnma gma Mambcs Gmtm........................................................=>

EME C\ NMPCB YFAFBCWCMA GMA YFHEMNMPMA...........................

YFHEMNMPMA....................................=3
.........=3
7.=.Nmscb Yfafbctcma..........................................
Yfafbctcma................................................................
............................................
.........................=3
...=3
7.5.Yfhemnmsma........................................
7.5.Yfhemnmsma..............................................................
............................................
.................................50
...........50

EME \ DFPCHYVBMA
DFPCHYVBMA GMA PMUMA....................................
PMUMA...............................................................
...........................5<
5<
6.=.Dfschpubma...............................................................................................5<
Pmrma.........................................................................................................5<

GMLWMU YVPWMDM................................
YVPWMDM......................................................
...........................................................5:
.....................................5:
BMHYCUMA...........................
BMHYCUMA.................................................
............................................
............................................
...................................0=
.............0=

cv
 EME C
YFAGMNVBVMA

=.=. Bmtmr Efbmdmaj

Yrojrm
Yrojrmh
h Cagoa
Cagoafscm
fscm Pfnmt
Pfnmt hfrupm
hfrupmdma
dma smtu projrm
projrmh
h gmrc
gmrc Mjfag
Mjfagmm
ymctu
ymctu Hfacaj
Hfacajdmt
dmtdma
dma Dumbct
Dumbctms
ms Ncgup
Ncgup Hmausc
Hmauscmm Cagoaf
Cagoafscm.
scm. Yrojrm
Yrojrmh
h cac
gcguduaj obfn projrmh sfdtormb bmcaaym ymctu Yrojrmh Cagoafscm Ycatmr,
Yrojrm
Yrojrmh
h Cagoaf
Cagoafscm
scm Dfrkm,
Dfrkm, gma Yrojrm
Yrojrmh
h Cagoaf
Cagoafscm
scm Pfkmnt
Pfkmntfrm.
frm. Yrojrm
Yrojrmh
h
Cagoaf
Cagoafscm
scm Pfnmt
Pfnmt ymaj
ymaj dfhugc
dfhugcma
ma gcrfa`
gcrfa`mam
mamdma
dma pfa`mp
pfa`mpmcm
mcmaay
aaymm hfbmbu
hfbmbucc
Ufa`
Ufa`ma
mamm Ptrmt
Ptrmtfj
fjcs
cs Dfhf
Dfhfat
atfr
frcma
cma Dfsfn
Dfsfnmt
mtma
ma Wmnu
Wmnua
a 59
59=6
=6-5
-59=
9=3
3 ym
ymaj
aj
gctft
ctftmp
mpdm
dma
a hfbmb
fbmbu
uc Dfpu
Dfputu
tusm
sma
a Hfat
Hfatfr
frcc Dfsf
Dfsfnm
nmtm
tma
a U.C.
.C. Aohor
ohor
ND.95.95/Hfadfs/ 65/59=6.
Pftcmp dfnmhcbma gmpmt hfacheubdma rfscdo dfhmtcma
ce
ceu.
u. Yfhm
Yfhmat
atmu
muma
ma gm
gma
a pf
pfrmw
rmwmtm
mtma
a df
dfsfn
sfnmt
mtma
ma ym
ymaj
aj hfam
hfamag
agmc
mc sf
sfbmh
bmhmm
dfnmhcbma smhpmc hmsm aclms smajmt pfatcaj uatud dfbmajsuajma amsce ceu
gma emycaym. Gmbmh hfhpfr`fpmt pfauruama dfhmtcma ceu, Dfhfatrcma
Dfsfnmtma hfafdmadma pmgm dftfrsfgcmma pfbmymama dfsfnmtma pfbmymama
dfsfnmtma ceu gc hmsymrmdmt. (=). Majdm dfhmtcma
dfhmtcma Ceu (MDC) gc Cagoafscm
hmscn rfbmtcl bfecn tcajjc kcdm gcemagcajdma gfajma afjmrm-afjmrm majjotm
MPFMA. Ucscdo dfhmtcma ceu dmrfam hfbmncrdma gc Cagoafscm mgmbmn = gmrc
<6, gcemagcajdma gfajma = gmrc =.=99 gc Wnmcbmag.5
Hfaurut bmporma ZNO tmnua 59=7 majdm dfhmtcma ceu (MDC) gc
guacm ymctu 5>3.999 kcwm gma Cagoafscm 5=7 pfr =99.999 dfbmncrma ncgup.
Pfgmaj pmgm tmnua 59=6 majdm dfhmtcma Ceu turua gmrc 7.333 hfakmgc
73=5 gc tmnua 59=< gma gc tmnua 59=:.5
Matfamtmb @mrf (MA@) mgmbmn pfbmymama dfsfnmtma ymaj gcefrcdma
obfn tfamjm dfsfnmtma uatud ceu sfbmhm dfnmhcbmaaym gma gcbmdsmamdma
sfsumc gfajma stmagmr
stmagmr pfbmymama
pfbmymama dfecgmama/
dfecgmama/PYD.
PYD. Wfamjm dfsfnmtma
dfsfnmtma ymaj
gchmdsug gcmtms mgmbmn godtfr spfscmbcs dfecgmama gma dmaguajma, godtfr
uhuh,
uhuh, ecgma
ecgma gma pfrmwm
pfrmwmt.
t. Yfauru
Yfauruama
ama majdm
majdm dfhmtcm
dfhmtcma
a ceu hfbmnc
hfbmncrdma
rdma
hfakmgc
hfakmgc smbmn smtu gmrc gfbmpma tukuma (jombs) ymaj gcruhusdma
gcruhusdma,, (D= gma
D7 hcachmb 7 dmbc) D= mgmbmn doatmd ceu nmhcb ymaj pfrtmhm dmbc gfajma

=
pftujms dfsfnmtma uatud hfagmpmtdma pfhfrcdsmma dfnmhcbma duakuajma
ceu nmhcb ymaj df fhpmt (D7) mgmbmn doatmd ceu nmhcb ymaj df fhpmt mtmu
bfec
bfecn
n gf
gfaj
ajma
ma pf
pftu
tujm
jmss df
dfsfn
sfnmt
mtma
ma ua
uatu
tud
d hfag
hfagmp
mpmt
mtdm
dma
a pf
pfhf
hfrc
rcds
dsmma
mma
dfnmhcbma, gfajma gcstrceusc doatmd sfemjmc efrcdut ; hcachmb = dmbc pmgm
trchfstfr C, hcachmb = dmbc trchfstfr CC gma hcachmb 5 dmbc trchfstfr CCC,
hmupua cagcdmtor MA@ uatud fvmbumsc projrmh pfbmymama dfsfnmtma
dfsf nmtma ceu gc
Cagoafscm sfpfrtc `mdupma D= gma D7. 57
Gcgmpmtdma 36,7 pfrsfa gmrc dfbmncrma hfagmpmt MA@ (D= gma D7
hcachmb 7 dmbc hfrupmdma cagc`mtor MA@) tmapm hfhpfrnmtcdma pfrcogf
trchfstfr smmt hfbmdudma pfhfrcdsmma dfnmhcbma. @mdupma D= efrluajsc
gfajma rfatmaj matmrm :=,: pfrsfa (Ympum) gma 33,< pfrsfa (Embc). Amhua
uatud `mdupma MA@ hcachmb 7 dmbc, gc Sojymdmrtm (3<,6%) bfecn tcajjc
gcemagcajdma gfajma Embc (36,>%). Pfbcscn matmrm D= gma MA@ hcachmb 7
dmbc
dmbc hfau
hfauak
akud
udma
ma mg
mgma
maym
ym dfnm
dfnmhc
hcbm
bma
a ym
ymaj
aj tcgm
tcgmd
d op
optc
tchm
hmbb hfag
hfagmp
mpmt
mt
pfbmymama MA@. Cagcdmtor D= gma D7 hfrukud pmgm lrfdufasc gma pfrcogf
trchfs
trchfstfr
tfr smmt gcbmdu
gcbmdudma
dma MA@ hfauak
hfauakudm
udma
a mgmaym
mgmaym dfefrb
dfefrbmaj
majsua
suajma
jma
pfhfrcdsmma dfsfnmtma sfbmhm nmhcb. Pftcmp ceu nmhcb ymaj hfafrchm
MA@ pmgm trchfstfr C (D= cgfmb) sfnmrusaym hfagmpmtdma pfbmymama ceu
nmhc
nmhcbb sf
sf`m
`mrm
rm efrd
efrdfb
fbma
maku
kutm
tma
a gmrc
gmrc tr
trch
chfs
fstf
tfrr C (D=
(D= cg
cgfm
fmb)
b) sf
sfnm
nmru
rusa
saym
ym
hfagmpmtdma pfbmymama ceu nmhcb sf`mrm efrdfbmakutma gmrc trchfstfr C
ncajjm trchfstfr CCC. Nmb cac gmpmt gcbcnmt gmrc cagc`mtor MA@ D7. @mdupma
D= cgfmb sf`mrm amscoamb
amscoamb mgmbmn 30,6
30,6 pfrsfa gfajma
gfajma `mdupma
`mdupma tfrfagmn gc
Ympum (6<,0%) gma tfrtcajjc gc Embc (39,0%). @mdupma D7 sf`mrm amscoamb
mgmbmn 39 pfrsfa gfajma `mdupma tfrfagmn mgmbmn Hmbudu (7=,7%) gma
tfrtcajjc
tfrtcajjc gc Sojymdmrtm
Sojymdmrtm (>6,6%). Efrgmsmrdma pfakfbmsma
pfakfbmsma gcmtms.
gcmtms. sfbcscn
gmrc `mdupma
`mdupma D= cgfmb gma D7
D7 sf`mrm amsco
amscoamb
amb hfhpfrbcnmt
hfhpfrbcnmtdma
dma emnwm
emnwm
tfrg
tfrgmp
mpmt
mt =5 pfrs
pfrsfa
fa gmrc
gmrc ceu
ceu nmhc
nmhcbb ym
ymaj
aj hfaf
hfafrc
rchm
hm D= cg
cgfm
fmbb tcgm
tcgmd
d
hfbmak
hfbmakutd
utdma
ma MA@, sfsumc
sfsumc stmagmr
stmagmr hcachm
hcachmbb D7 (7). Gc Cagoafs
Cagoafscm
cm gmrc
`mdup
`mdupma
ma duakua
duakuajma
jma (D= pmgm
pmgm tmnua
tmnua 59=0
59=0 sfemaym
sfemaymd
d 35,:%
35,:% gmrc
gmrc tmrjft
tmrjft
30,6% gma `mdupma duakuajma D7 sfefsmr :3,<% , tmnua 599: hfacajdmt
hfakmgc >9,0%, tmnua 599> hfa`mpmc >5%, tmnua 5993 hfa`mpmc >6,6%,
pmgm tmnua 59=9 hfa`mpmc >6,<%, pmgm tmnua 59== hfa`mpmc >>,>% gma

5
 pmgm tmnua 59=5 hfa`mpmc 39,>% sfgmajdma gc tmnua 59=0 hfajmbmhc
sfgcdct pfauruama. Cac hmscn tfrgmpmt ceu nmhcb ymaj tcgmd hfbmdudma
duakuajma df lmscbctms dfsfnmtma.0,=<,57

=.5 Uuhusma Hmsmbmn

Efrgmsmrdma urmcma gmbmh bmtmr efbmdmaj tfrsfeut, tfrgmpmt ruhusma

hmsmbm
hmsmbmn
n ymctu
ymctu lmdtor
lmdtor mpmdmn
mpmdmn ymaj
ymaj hfayfe
hfayfemed
medma
ma mgmaym
mgmaym dftcgm
dftcgmdsf
dsfsum
sumcma
cma
duakuajma MA@ (D= gma D7) gc Yusdfshms Zmcsmc ?

=.0 Wukuma
=.0.= Wukuma Vhuh
Vatud hfajftmnuc lmdtor pfayfeme dftcgmdsfsumcma duakuajma MA@
(D= gma D7) gc Yusdfshms Zmcsmc pmgm eubma Kuac tmnua 595=.
=.0.5 Wukuma Dnusus

m. Hfajftmnuc
Hfajftmnuc mgmaym
mgmaym nueuajma
nueuajma matmrm tcajdmt
tcajdmt pfagcgcdma
pfagcgcdma ceu gfajma
gfajma
duakuajma ceu nmhcb gc Yusdfshms Zmcsmc Ymgm eubma Kuac tmnua 595=.

e. Hfajftmnuc mgmaym nueuajma matmrm tcajdmt pfajftmnuma ceu gfajma

duakuajma ceu nmhcb gc Yusdfshms Zmcsmc Ymgm eubma Kuac tmnua 595=.

`. Hfaj
Hfajft
ftmn
mnuc
uc mgma
mgmaym
ym nueu
nueuaj
ajma
ma ma
matm
tmrm
rm gu
gudu
duaj
ajma
ma df
dfbu
bumr
mrjm
jm gf
gfaj
ajma
ma
duakuajma ceu nmhcb gc Yusdfshms Zmcsmc Ymgm eubma Kuac tmnua 595=.

g. Hfajftmnuc mgmaym nueuajma

nueuajma lmscbctms dfsfnmtma gfajma duakuajma
duakuajma ceu
nmhcb gc Yusdfshms Zmcsmc Ymgm eubma Kuac tmnua 595=.

=.7 Hmalmmt
=.7.= Hmalmmt emjc Yfaubcs
Dfjcmtma
Dfjcmtma cac gcnmrmpdma
gcnmrmpdma gmpmt hfacajdmtd
hfacajdmtdma
ma pfajftmnum
pfajftmnuma
a pfaubcs
pfaubcs
bfecn hfagmbmh tfatmaj pfayfeme dftcgmdsfsumcma duakuajma dfnmhcbma D=
gma D7 gc Yusdfsmhms Zmcsmc Ymgm eubma Kuac tmnua 595=.

=.7.5 Hmalmmt emjc Yusdfshms

0
 Bmpo
Bmporm
rma
a cac
cac gcnm
gcnmrm
rmpd
pdma
ma gmpm
gmpmtt hfak
hfakmg
mgcc em
emnm
nma
a hmsu
hmsudm
dma
a gm
gma
a
pfrtchemajma emjc pfruhusma projrmh emru gc Yusdfshms Zmcsmc sfncajjm
majdmm duakuajma
majd duakuajma ceu nmhcb pmgm D= Gma D7 tcgmd bmjc tfrgmpmt
tfrgmpmt pfrefgmma
ymaj scjaclcdma.

=.7.0 Hmalmmt emjc Hmsymrmdmt

Hfhefrcdma calorhmsc dfpmgm hmsymrmdmt dnususaym emjc ceu nmhcb
gc Zmcsmc
Zmcsmc tfatma
tfatmaj
j Yfatca
Yfatcajay
jaymm duakua
duakuajma
jma dfnmhc
dfnmhcbma
bma D= ncajj
ncajjmm D7 gc
Lmscbctms Dfsfnmtma ymaj smhm.

7
 EME CC
WCAKMVMA YVPWMDM

5. = Yfajfrtcma Dfnmhcbma
Dfnmhcbma hfrupmdma prosfs lcscobojc ymaj hfhefrcdma pfruemnma
pmgm ceu hmupua bcajduajmaaym. Gfajma mgmaym dfnmhcbma hmdm sfburun
systfh
systfh jfaftm
jfaftmbcm
bcm wmactm
wmactm hfajmb
hfajmbmhc
mhc pfruem
pfruemnma
nma ymaj
ymaj hfagms
hfagmsmr
mr uatud
uatud
hfaguduaj pfrdfhemajma gma pfrtuheunma kmaca gmbmh Umnch sfbmhm
prosfs dfnmhcbma efrbmajsuaj. Dfnmhcbma hfrupmdma sumtu prosfs
pfruemnma cgfatctms sfrtm pfrma emjc sftcmp majjotm dfbumrjm. Ymgm hmsm
dfnmhcbma ceu sfrcaj dmbc hfajmbmhc sumtu dftcgmdsfchemajma pscdobojcs
ymaj huajdca gcsfemedma obfn sctumsc mtmu tmnmp pfrdfhemajma tfrsfeut
sfncajjm efremjmc guduajma gma ematuma smajmt pfatcaj gma gceutundma
emjc sformaj ceu uatud hfaguduaj sfbmhm dfnmhcbmaaym (Nutmnmfma,
599
993)
3).. Pcdmp
cdmp pfa
pfafr
frch
chmm
mma
a ceu
ceu tf
tfrn
rnmg
mgmp
mp df
dfn
nmhcb
mhcbma
maa
aym, sm
sma
ajm
jmtt
hfhpfa
hfhpfajmr
jmrunc
unc dfsfnm
dfsfnmtma
tma mtmu
mtmu dfmgmm
dfmgmma
a uhuh
uhuh ceu sfrtm
sfrtm dfmgmm
dfmgmma
a kmaca
kmaca
gmbmh dfnmhcbmaaym.50
Hmsmm df
Hms dfnm
nmhc
hcbma
bma gchu
gchubm
bmcc gm
gmrc
rc do
doas
asfp
fpsc
sc smhpm
smhpmcc bm
bmnc
ncra
raym
ym km
kmac
aca.
a.
Bmhmaym nmhcb aorhmb mgmbmn 579 nmrc (79 hcajju mtmu 3 eubma : nmrc)
gcnc
gcnctu
tuaj
aj gm
gmrc
rc nm
nmrc
rc pf
pfrt
rtmh
mhmm nm
nmcg
cg tfrmd
tfrmdnc
ncr.
r. Dfnm
Dfnmhc
hcbm
bma
a gc
gcem
emjc
jc gm
gmbmh
bmh 0
trcwubma ymctu trcwubma pfrtmhm gchubmc gmrc doasfpsc smhpmc 0 eubma,
trcwubma dfgum gmrc eubma dffhpmt smhpmc famh eubma, trcwubma dftcjm gmrc
eubma dftukun smhpmc 3 eubma.55

5.5 Doasfp Matfamtmb @mrf (MA@)

5.5.= Yfajfrtcma Matfamtmb `mrf (MA@)
Matfamtmb @mrf (MA@) mgmbmn smbmn smtu upmym pfa`fjmnma mwmb
gmrc mdtor rcscdo dfnmhcbma. Hfaurut Orjmacsmsc Dfsfnmtma Guacm (ZNO)
Matfamtmb `mrf
`mrf(MA
(MA@)
@) ua
uatud
tud hfagft
hfagftfdsc
fdsc gcac
gcac tfrkmg
tfrkmgcay
caymm rcscdo
rcscdo tcajj
tcajjcc
tfrnmgmp dfnmhcbma gma pfrsmbcama kujm gmpmt hfauruadma majdm dfhmtcma
dfhmtcma
ceu
ceu gma
gma hfhm
hfhmat
atmu
mu dfmg
dfmgmm
mma
a km
kmac
aca(
a(Hm
Hmrg
rgcm
cmtu
tua,
a, 59
59=6
=6).
). Yf
Yfat
atca
caja
jaym
ym
hfbmdudma
hfbmdudma pfhfrcdsmma
pfhfrcdsmma matfa
matfamtmb
mtmb `mrf(MA@)
`mrf(MA@) gceudtcdma hfbmbuc rcscdo-

6
 rcscdo
rcscdo ymaj
ymaj gmpmt
gmpmt tfr
tfrkmg
kmgcc dftcdm
dftcdm tcgmd
tcgmd hfhfrcd
hfhfrcdsmd
smdma
ma pfrtuh
pfrtuheun
eunma
ma gma
pfrdfhemjma emcd kmaca hmupua ceu. Yfbmymama matfamtmb mgmbmn
pfbmymama dfsfnmtma ymaj gcefrcdma obfn tfamjm dfsfnmtma uatud ceu
sfbmh
sfbmhmm hmsm
hmsm df
dfnm
nmhc
hcbm
bmaa
aaym
ym,, gcbm
gcbmds
dsma
mamd
mdma
ma sf
sfsu
sumc
mc gf
gfaj
ajma
ma stmag
stmagmr
mr
pfbmymama matfamtmb ymaj gctftmpdma gmbmh Ptmagmr Yfbmymama Dfecgmama
(P
(PYD
YD).
). Yf
Yfbm
bmym
ymam
ama
a matf
matfam
amtm
tmbb sf
sfsu
sumc
mc stma
stmagm
gmrr hfbc
hfbcpu
putc
tc ma
mamh
mhaf
afsc
scs,
s,
pfhfrcdsmma lcscd (uhuh gma dfecgmama), pfhfrcdsmma bmeormtorcuh rutca
gm
gma
a dn
dnus
usus
us,, sfrtm
sfrtm ca
catf
tfrv
rvfa
fasc
sc uhuh
uhuh gm
gma
a dn
dnus
usus
us (sfsu
(sfsumc
mc rcsc
rcscdo
do ym
ymaj
aj
gctfhudma gmbmh pfhfrcdsmma).5,=0
@mdupma
@mdupma pfbmymama
pfbmymama matfa
matfamtmb
mtmb `mrf
`mrf (MA@) tfrgcrc gmrc `mdupma D=
gma `mdupma D7. @mdupma D= mgmbmn `mdupma ceu nmhcb ymajpfrtmhm dmbc
hfagmpmtdm
hfagmpmtdma
a pfbmymama
pfbmymama matfamtmb
matfamtmb obfn tfamjm dfsfnmtma
dfsfnmtma gc sumtu wcbmymn
dfrkm pmgm durua wmdtu tfrtfatu.@mdupma D7 mgmbmn `mdupma ceu nmhcb
ymaj tfbmn hfhpfrobfn pfbmymama matfamtmb sfsumc gfajma stmagmr, pmbcaj
sfg
sfgcdct fhpmt dmbc gc sumtu wcbmymn dfrk
frkm pmgm durua wmd
mdttu
tfrtfatu.Pformaj ceu nmhcb gcdmtmdma hfhcbcdc pfhfrcdsmma matfamtmb `mrf
bfajdmp dftcdm ceu nmhcb hfagmpmtdma pfbmymama sfsumc stmagmr pmbcaj
sfgcdct 7 dmbc sfbmhm hmsm dfnmhcbma. 55

5.5.5 Wukuma Matfamtmb @mrf (MA@)

Mgmpua tukuma matfamtmb `mrf mgmbmn;
=. Hfhmat
Hfhmatmu
mu dfhmkum
dfhmkuma
a dfnmhcbma
dfnmhcbma uatud
uatud hfhms
hfhmstcd
tcdma
ma dfsfnmt
dfsfnmtma
ma ceu gma
gma
tuheun dfhemaj kmaca.
5. Hfacajdmtd
Hfacajdmtdma
ma gma
gma hfhpfrt
hfhpfrtmnmad
mnmadma
ma dfsfnmtma
dfsfnmtma lcscd, hfatmb
hfatmb gma soscmb
ceu.
0. Hfajfa
Hfajfambc
mbc gma hfajur
hfajurmaj
majcc sf`mrm gcac
gcac mgmaym
mgmaym pfayubct
pfayubct-pfa
-pfayub
yubct
ct mtmu
dohpbc
dohpbcdms
dmscc ymaj
ymaj huajdc
huajdca
a tfrkmg
tfrkmgcc sfbmhm
sfbmhm nmhcb,
nmhcb, tfrhmsu
tfrhmsud
d rcwmym
rcwmymtt
pfaymdct sf`mrm uhuh, dfecgmama gma pfhefgmnma.
7. Hfhp
Hfhpfr
frscm
scmpd
pdma
ma pf
pfrsm
rsmbc
bcam
ama
a `u
`udu
dup
p eu
eubm
bma
a gm
gma
a pf
pfrsm
rsmbc
bcam
ama
a ym
ymaj
aj mhma
gfajma trmuhm sfhcachmb huajdca.
huajdca.
6. Hfhpfrscmpdma ceu mjmr hmsm aclms efrkmbma aorhmb gma
hfhpfrscmpdma ceu mjmr gmpmt hfhefrcdma MPC sf`mrm fdsbuscl.

<
 <. Hfhp
Hfhpfr
frscm
scmpd
pdma
ma pf
pfrma
rma ceu gm
gma
a df
dfbu
bumrj
mrjmm gm
gmbm
bmh
h hfaf
hfafrch
rchmm df
dfbmn
bmncr
crma
ma
kmaca mjmr gmpmt tuheun dfhemaj sf`mrm aorhmb.
:. Hfa
Hfaju
jurm
rma
ajc emyc
myc bmn
bmncr prf
rfhm
hmtu
turf
rf,, dfb
fbmc
mca
ama hmt
mtcc gma dfh
dfhmt
mtcm
cma
a
afoamtmb.
>. Hfhpfr
Hfhpfrscmp
scmpdma
dma dfsfn
dfsfnmtm
mtma
a ymaj
ymaj optchm
optchmbb emjc kmaca.55
emjc kmaca.

5.5.0.. Duakuajm
5.5.0 Duakuajma
a Matfamtm
Matfamtmbb @mrf Ceu Nmhcb
Nmhcb
Hmsm matfam
matfamtmb
tmb hfa`md
hfa`mdup
up wmdtu
wmdtu dfnmhc
dfnmhcbma
bma hubmc
hubmc nmrc
nmrc pfrtmh
pfrtmhmm
nmcg ymaj
ymaj tfrmdncr (NYNW)
(NYNW) mtmu Bmst Hfastrumtcoa
Hfastrumtcoa Yfrcog (BHP) smhpmc
pfrhubmma gmrc pfrsmbcama ymaj sfefamraym, ymctu 5>9 nmrc, 79 hcajju, 3
eubma : nmrc. Vatud hfafrchm hmalmmt pfbmymama matfamtmb
m atfamtmb wmactm nmhcb
duakuajma matfamtmb.>
gmpmt hfhmalmmtdma duakuajma dfnmhcbma/ duakuajma
Pf
Pftc
tcmp
mp wmac
wmactm
tm nmhc
nmhcbb sf
sfgc
gcdc
dcta
taym
ym gm
gmpt
pt hfbm
hfbmdu
dudm
dma
a du
duak
akua
uajm
jma
a
dfnmhcbma sfgcdctaym fhpmt dmbc duakuajma sfbmhm pfrcogf matfamtmb;
=. Pmtu
Pmtu dmbc duakua
duakuajma
jma sfbmh
sfbmhmm trchfstfr
trchfstfr pfrtmh
pfrtmhmm (sfefbuh
(sfefbuh =7 hcaj
hcajju)
ju)..
5. Pmtu
Pmtu Dmbc
Dmbc duaku
duakuaj
ajma
ma sfbmh
sfbmhmm trch
trchfst
fstfr
fr df
dfgu
gumm (matm
(matmrm
rm hcaj
hcajju
ju =7-5>
=7-5>
hcajju).
0. Gum dmbc
dmbc duakua
duakuajma
jma sfbmhm
sfbmhm trchfs
trchfstfr
tfr dftcjm
dftcjm (matm
(matmrm
rm 5>-0<
5>-0< gma sfsugmn
sfsugmn
hcajju df 0<). Ecbm ceu nmhcb hfajmbmhc hmsmbmn, tmagm emnmym, mtmu
duakuajma.<
kcdm hfrmsm dnmwmtcr sfwmdtu-wmdtu gmpmt hfbmdudma duakuajma.

M. Duak
Duakua
uajm
jma
a Wrch
Wrchfs
fstf
tfrr =

Duakuajma Wrchfstfr = pmgm dfnmhcbma gcbmdudma sfefbuh hcajju

df-=7. Dfjcmtma ymaj gmpmt gcbmdudma;
=. Hfhecam
Hfhecam nueuajma
nueuajma smbcaj
smbcaj pfr`mym
pfr`mym matmrm ecgma gma ceu
ceu nmhcb.
5. Hfagftfdsc
Hfagftfdsc hmsmbmn
hmsmbmn gma
gma hfajmtmsc
hfajmtmscaym.
aym.
0. Hfhefrctmnu
Hfhefrctmnudma
dma nmscb pfhfrcdsmm
pfhfrcdsmma
a gma uscm dfnmhcbma.
dfnmhcbma.
7. Hfajmkmrc
Hfajmkmrc ceu `mrm hfajmt
hfajmtmsc
msc dftcgmdaymh
dftcgmdaymhmama.
mama.
6. Hfa
Hfajmk
jmkmrc
mrc gma hfagor
hfagoroaj
oaj pfrcbmd
pfrcbmdu
u ymaj
ymaj sfnmt
sfnmt (`mrm
(`mrm ncgup
ncgup sfnmt
sfnmt
emjc wmactm nmhcb, autrcsc gma hfajmatcscpmsc tmagm-tmagm emnmym
dfnmhcbma).

:
 <. Hfachemaj
Hfachemaj EE, hfajudu
hfajudurr WE, sfrtm hfhefrc
hfhefrc chuacsmsc Wft
Wftmaus
maus
Wodsocg gma tmebft efsc.
:. Hubm
Hubmcc hfag
hfagcsd
csdus
uscd
cdma
ma hfaj
hfajfa
famc
mc pf
pfrs
rscmp
cmpma
ma df
dfbm
bmnc
ncrma
rma em
emyc
yc gm
gma
a
dfscmpma uatud hfajnmgmpc dfjmwmt gmrurmtma.
>. Hfakmgwmbd
Hfakmgwmbdma
ma duakuajm
duakuajma
a efrcdutaym
efrcdutaym..
3. Hfagoduhfa
Hfagoduhfatmscdm
tmscdma
a pfhfrcdsmma msunma.<
pfhfrcdsmma gma msunma.
E. Duak
Duakua
uajm
jma
a Wrc
Wrchf
hfst
stfr
fr 5

Duakua
Duakuajma
jma Wrchfst
Wrchfstfr
fr 5 pmgm
pmgm dfnmhc
dfnmhcbma
bma gcbmdu
gcbmdudma
dma sfefbu
sfefbuh
h
hcaj
hcajju
ju df-5
df-5>.
>. Dfjc
Dfjcmt
mtma
ma ymaj
ymaj gm
gmpm
pmtt gc
gcbm
bmdu
dudm
dma;
a; Pm
Pmhm
hm sf
sfpf
pfrt
rtcc
duak
duakua
uajm
jma
a tr
trch
chfs
fstf
tfrr =, gctm
gctmhe
hemn
mn hfaf
hfafat
atud
udma
ma tcaj
tcajjc
jc lu
luag
agus
us,,
dfwmspmgmma dnusus hfajfamc prf-fdbmhsc (tmaym ceu tfatmaj jfkmbm-
jfkmbm prf- fdbmhsc, pmatmu tfdmama gmrmn, fvmbumsc fgfhm gma pfrcdsm
urcaf uatud hfajftmnuc protfcaurcm).<

@. Duak
Duakua
uajm
jma
a Wrch
Wrchfs
fstf
tfrr 0

Duakuajma Wrchfstfr 0 pmgm dfnmhcbma gcbmdudma 5 dmbc ymctu;

=. Matm
Matmrm
rm hcajj
hcajju
u 5>
5>-0
-0<.
<. Dfjcm
Dfjcmtm
tma
a ym
ymaj
aj gmpmt
gmpmt gcbmdu
gcbmdudm
dma;
a; Pm
Pmhm
hm
sfpfrt
sfpfrtcc pmgm
pmgm nmhcb
nmhcb hcajju
hcajju =7-5>,
=7-5>, gctmhe
gctmhemn
mn pmbpms
pmbpmscc megohc
megohcamb
amb
uatud hfajftmnuc mpmdmn mgm dfnmhcbma jmagm.
5. Pftfbmn
Pftfbmn 0< hcajju.
hcajju. Dfjcmtm
Dfjcmtma
a ymaj
ymaj gmpmt
gmpmt gcbmdudm
gcbmdudma;
a; Pmhm sfpfrtc
sftfbmn 0< hcajju
hcajju,, gctmhemn gftfdsc
gftfdsc bftmd kmaca gma
gma doagcsc bmca
sfrtm doatrmcagcdmsc uatud efrsmbca gcbumr UP.<

5.0 Matfamtmb @mrf (D7)

5.0.
5.0.=
= @mdu
@mdupm
pma
a Matf
Matfam
amtm
tmbb @mrf
@mrf D7
D7 mgmbmn ceu nmhcb gfajma doatmd 7 dmbc mtmu bfecn gfajma tfamjm
dfsfnmtma
dfsfnmtma ymaj hfhpuaymc
hfhpuaymc dohpftfasc
dohpftfasc,, uatud
uatud hfagmpmtdm
hfagmpmtdma
a pfbmymama
pfbmymama
tfrpmgu gma dohprfnfascl sfsumc stmagmr. Doatmd 7 dmbc gcbmdudma sfemjmc
efrcdut; sfdmbc pmgm trchfstfr C (dfnmhcbma ncajjm =5 hcajju) gma
trchfstfr df-5 (1=5 - 57 hcajju), hcachmb 5 dmbc doatmd pmgm trchfstfr df-
0 gcbm
gcbmdu
dudm
dma
a sf
sftf
tfbm
bmn
n hcaj
hcajju
ju df 57 sm
smhp
hpmc
mc gf
gfaj
ajma
ma hcaj
hcajju
ju df 0<
0<..
Duakuajma matfamtmb ecsm bfecn gmrc 7 dmbc sfsumc dfeutunma gma kcdm mgm

>
 dfbunm
dfbunma,
a, pfaymd
pfaymdct
ct mtmu jmajju
jmajjuma
ma dfnmhc
dfnmhcbma
bma.. Duakua
Duakuajma
jma cac tfrhms
tfrhmsud
ud
gmbmh D7.5

5.0.5 Lmdtor-L
Lmdtor-Lmdto
mdtorr ymaj
ymaj Efrnueua
Efrnueuajma
jma gfajma
gfajma @mdupm
@mdupma
a Yfhfrcds
Yfhfrcdsmma
mma
Dfnmhcbma D7

M. Wcaj
Wcajdm
dmtt pfag
pfagcg
cgcd
cdma
ma
Yfagcgcdma mgmbmn upmym pfrsumsc mtmu pfhefbmkmrma dfpmgm
hmsy
hmsymr
mrmd
mdmt
mt mj
mjmr
mr hmsy
hmsymrm
mrmdm
dmtt hmu
hmu hfbm
hfbmdu
dudm
dma
a tcag
tcagmd
mdma
ma-tc
-tcag
agmd
mdma
ma
(p
(prm
rmdt
dtcd
cd)) ua
uatu
tud
d hfhf
hfhfbc
bcnm
nmrm
rm (hfa
(hfajm
jmtm
tmsc
sc hmsmb
hmsmbmn
mn-h
-hmsm
msmbm
bmn)
n),, gm
gma
a
hfacajdmtdma dfsfnmtmaaym.=6
Yfagcgcdma efrdmctma gfajma pfajftmnuma sfsformaj tfatmaj
dfnmhcbma gfajma rfscdo. Pfhmdca tcajjc tcajdmt pfagcgcdma hmdm
sfhmdca emcd pfafrchmma calorhmsc tfatmaj dfnmhcbma gfajma rfscdo
sfncajjm
sfncajjm mdma sfhmdca
sfhmdca hfaguduaj
hfaguduaj upmym pfajfagmbc
pfajfagmbcma
ma dfnmhcbma
dfnmhcbma
=
gfajma rfscdo pmgm sumtu gmfrmn.
Yfagcgcdma lorhmb hfajnmscbdma pfrcbmdu ymaj gcmgopsc obfn
ca
cagc
gcvc
vcgu
gu,, am
amhu
hua
a pm
pmgm
gm sf
sfem
emjc
jcma
ma or
orma
maj
j tcaj
tcajdm
dmtt pf
pfag
agcg
cgcd
cdma
ma tcgm
tcgmd
d
hfhp
hfhpfa
fajm
jmru
runc
nc po
pobm
bm sc
scdm
dmp,
p, nm
nmbb tfrsfe
tfrsfeut
ut bf
bfec
ecn
n ef
efsmr
smr ef
efrms
rmsmb
mb gm
gmrc
rc
bcajduajma
bcajduajma ymaj gctfrchm
gctfrchm obfn sftcmp cagcvcgu.W
cagcvcgu.Wcajdm
cajdmtt pfagcgcdma
pfagcgcdma
gmpmt hfhpfajmrunc dfhmhpuma gma pfajftmnuma sfsformaj gmbmh
hfafrmpdma pfrcbmdu ncgup sfnmt.5=
Nmbb cac
Nm cac sf
sfkm
kmbm
bma
a gfaj
gfajma
ma pf
pfaf
afbc
bctc
tcma
ma Aurm
Aurmfa
facc (5
(59=
9=<)
<) ym
ymaj
aj
hfajfhudmama emnwm ceu nmhcb ymaj hfhcbcdc tcajdmt pfagcgcdma

tca
tcajjc
jjc gma pfa
pfajftm
jftmnu
numa
ma ym
yma
aj emcd
emcd `fag
`fagfr
fru
uaj uat
atu
ud bfbfe
ecn
hfhfrcdsmdma dfnmhcbmaaym gmrc pmgm ceu ymaj pfagcgcdma rfagmn
gma efrpfajftmnuma ymaj durmaj. =:, 56

E. Yfajftmnuma
Yfajftmnuma hfrupmdma cagcdmtor sfsformaj gmbmh hfbmdudma
sumtu tcagmdma, kcdm sfsformaj gcgmsmrc gfajma pfajftmnuma ymaj emcd
tfrnmgmp dfsfnmtma hmdm ormaj tfrsfeut mdma hfhmnmhc pfatcajaym
hfakmjm
hfakmjm dfsfnmtma
dfsfnmtma gma hfhotcvmsc
hfhotcvmsc gcrc uatud gcmpbcdmscd
gcmpbcdmscdma
ma gmbmh

dfncgu
dfncgupma
pmaaym
aym.. Yfajft
Yfajftmnu
mnuma
ma gcpfrbu
gcpfrbudma
dma sfemjm
sfemjmcc gu
gudua
duajma
jma gmbmh
gmbmh

3
 hfauhe
hfauheund
undma
ma rmsm pfr`my
pfr`mymm gcrc
gcrc hmupua
hmupua scdmp
scdmp gma pfrcbm
pfrcbmdu
du sftcmp
sftcmp
nmrc, sfncajjm gmpmt gcdmtmdma emnwm pfajftmnuma hfrupmdma lmdtm
ymaj hfaguduaj tcagmdma sfsformaj.=6
Yfhm
Yfhmnm
nmhm
hma
a ce
ceu
u nm
nmhc
hcbb ym
ymaj
aj em
emcd
cd tfatm
tfatmaj
aj df
dfnm
nmhc
hcbm
bma
a md
mdma
ma
hfagudua
hfaguduaj
j Ceu nmhcb hfhcbcdc
hfhcbcdc sfeumn hotcvmsc uatud hfbmdudma
hfbmdudma
sfsumtu ymaj efrsclmt posctcl gma efrhmalmmt sfncajjm hfacheubdma
pfrcbmdu uatud hfajcdutc dfbms ceu nmhcb. Pumtu pfrcbmdu
hfheut
hfheutund
undma
ma mgmay
mgmaymm hotcvm
hotcvmsc
sc ymaj
ymaj `udup
`udup pmgm
pmgm sfsform
sfsformaj
aj uatud
uatud
hfbmdsmamdma sumtu tcagmdma gfajma efrnmscb, tmapm hotcvmsc ormaj
tcgmd
tcgmd mdma
mdma gmpmt
gmpmt efr
efreum
eumtt mpm-mpm
mpm-mpm dmrfam
dmrfam hotcvm
hotcvmsc
sc hfayfe
hfayfemed
medma
ma
sfsformaj efrsuajjun-suajjun gmbmh hfbmdudma dfjcmtma, hotcvmsc
tcheubb obfn mgmaym
tcheu mgmaym pfajftmnum
pfajftmnuma,
a, dfymdcama
dfymdcama (dfpfr`mymma
(dfpfr`mymma),
), smrmam
ymaj mgm gma dfeutunma ymaj gcrmsmdma. 3
Pfefbuh sfsformaj hfajmgopsc pfrcbmdu, cm nmrus tmnu tfrbfecn
gm
gmnu
nubu
bu mp
mpmm mrtc
mrtc mtmu
mtmu hmal
hmalmm
mmtt pf
pfrc
rcbm
bmdu
du tf
tfrsf
rsfeu
eutt em
emjc
jc gc
gcrc
rcay
aymm gm
gma
a
dfbumrjmay
dfbumrjmaym.Lmd
m.Lmdtor
tor ymaj hfhpfajmn
hfhpfajmncc tcajdmt
tcajdmt pfajftmnu
pfajftmnuma
ma tfrdmct
tfrdmct
dfnmhcbma gfajma rfscdo mgmbmn pfrefgmma bmtmr efbmdmaj hmsymrmdmt
pmgm sumtu gmfrmn. Bmtmr efbmdmaj tfrsfeut hfbcputc uscm, pfagcgcdma,
kfacs pfdfrkmma, soscmb fdoaohc gma suhefr gcgmpmtaym calorhmsc. Nmb
cac sfsumc gfajma tforc Aotomthogko.=

@. Gudu
Guduaj
ajma
ma Dfb
Dfbum
umrj
rjm
m
Hfaurut dmhus efsmr emnmsm Cagoafscm fgcsc dftcjm dfbumrjm

mgmbmn ceu gma empmd efsfrtm mamd-mamdaym4 sfcsc ruhmn4 ormaj sfcsc
ruhmn ymaj hfakmgc tmajjuajma4 smamd smugmrm4 dmuh dfrmemt4 smtuma
dfdfrm
dfdfrmemt
emtma
ma ymaj
ymaj smajmt
smajmt hfagms
hfagmsmr
mr gmbmh
gmbmh hmsymr
hmsymrmdm
mdmt.G
t.Gudu
uduajm
ajma
a
dfbumrjm
dfbumrjm hfajjmhem
hfajjmhemrdma
rdma sfpfrmajdmt
sfpfrmajdmt pfrcbmdu
pfrcbmdu catfrpfrsoam
catfrpfrsoamb,
b, sclmt,
dfjcmtma
dfjcmtma ymaj efrnueuajma
efrnueuajma gfajma cagcvcgu gmbmh poscsc gma sctumsc
tfrt
tfrtfa
fatu
tu (F
(Fll
llfa
fagy
gy,, =33>
=33>).
). ZNO
ZNO hfag
hfagfl
flca
cacs
cscd
cdma
ma pf
pfaj
ajfr
frtc
tcma
ma
Gftfrhcama Poscmb Dfsfnmtma sfemjmc efrcdut.==
Dfbumrjm hfrupmdma smbmn smtu gftfrhcama soscmb dfsfnmtma
gchmam
gchmam dfbumr
dfbumrjm
jm mgmbmn
mgmbmn bcajdu
bcajduajm
ajma
a ncgup
ncgup sfsfor
sfsformaj
maj ymaj
ymaj smajmt
smajmt

efrpfajmrun gmbmh hfhefatud pfrcbmdu sfsformaj.Dfnmhcbma sfrcaj

=9
hfheumt sformaj wmactm tfrtfdma dmrfam gcm nmrus hfajuemn jmym
ncgupaym gma sfrcaj nmrus hfhcdcrdma sfrceu hm`mh nmb gmbmh wmdtu
ymaj efrsmhmma. Emaymd nmb ecsm hfheumtaym lrustmsc gma pua`md
gmrcc sfhum
gmr sfhum ctu mgmbmn
mgmbmn gcm nmrus
nmrus hfajmb
hfajmbmhc
mhc dftcgm
dftcgmday
daymhm
mhmama
ama emcd
emcd
sf`mrm lcscd hmupua fhoscoamb efrdmctma gfajma pfruemnma tueunaym
gm
gma
a ku
kujm
jm fhos
fhosca
caym
ym ym
ymaj
aj sfrca
sfrcaj
j am
amcd
cd-tu
-turu
rua.
a. Ym
Ymgm
gm hmsm
hmsm tf
tfrsf
rsfeu
eut,
t,
dfbumrjm ymaj hfrupmdma dohpoafa tfrgfdmt emjc ceu nmhcb smajmt
gceutundma gmbmh hfaguduaj hmsm subct smaj ceu. 6,==
Emjc pmrm `mboa mymn, hfrfdm tcgmd eobfn hfajmajjmp fatfaj
tmnmpma-tmnmpma dfnmhcbma smaj cstrc. Efrcdut efefrmpm nmb ymaj ecsm
gcbmdudma
gcbmdudma sumhc sfpfrtc hfhefrcdma
hfhefrcdma pfrnmtcma,
pfrnmtcma, hfagmhpca
hfagmhpcajc
jc cstrc
hfhfrcdsmdma dfnmhcbma, hfhemwmdma tms mtmu emrmaj efbmakmmaaym,
hfakmj
hfakmjmm dfsfnm
dfsfnmtma
tma efrsmh
efrsmhm,
m, hfakmg
hfakmgcc tfhma
tfhma ymaj
ymaj mdtcl,
mdtcl, hfheum
hfheumtt
dfputusma efrsmhm gmbmh hfaymheut dfbmncrma smaj emyc(Mam, 59=9).
Guduajma dfbumrjm kujm hfrupmdma lmdtor ymaj smajmt hfafatudma
stmtus dfsfnmtma ceu.D
ceu.Dfbumrj
fbumrjmm hfrupmdma
hfrupmdma ormaj-ormaj
ormaj-ormaj tfrgfdmt ceu
ym
ymaj
aj sf
sfnm
nmru
rusa
saym
ym hfhe
hfhefr
frcd
cdma
ma hotc
hotcvm
vmsc
sc bf
bfec
ecn
n df
dfpm
pmgm
gm ce
ceu
u sfrtm
sfrtm
hfaguduaj emcd sf`mrm horcb hmupua hmtfrcb.Kcdm sfburun dfbumrjm
hfaj
hfajnm
nmrm
rmpd
pdma
ma df
dfnm
nmhc
hcbm
bma,
a, hfag
hfagud
udua
uaj
j em
emnd
ndma
ma hfhp
hfhpfrb
frbcn
cnmt
mtdm
dma
a
guduajmaaym gmbmh efremjmc nmb, hmdm ceu nmhcb mdma hfrmsm bfecn
pfr`mym gcrc, bfecn emnmjcm, scmp hfakmbmac hmsm dfnmhcbma, pfrsmbcama
gma hmsm hfyusuc.
Hfauru
Hfaurutt pfafbc
pfafbctcma
tcma Lctrmy
Lctrmyfac
fac (59=6)
(59=6),, Ceu nmhcb
nmhcb ymaj
ymaj tcgmd
tcgmd
hfag
hfagmp
mpmt
mtdm
dma
a gu
gudu
duaj
ajma
ma df
dfbu
bumr
mrjm
jm 5,
5,67
67 dm
dmbc
bc ef
efrc
rcscd
scdo
o hfbm
hfbmdu
dudm
dma
a
duak
duakua
uajm
jma
a MA@
MA@ tcgm
tcgmd
d bf
bfaj
ajdm
dmp
p gc
gcem
emag
agca
caj
j ce
ceu
u ym
ymaj
aj hfag
hfagmp
mpmt
mt
guduajma
guduajma dfbumrjm.Ef
dfbumrjm.Efrgmsmrd
rgmsmrdma
ma pfafbctcma
pfafbctcma Bmhcaubbmn
Bmhcaubbmn,, gdd (59=6)
(59=6)
hfaychpub
hfaychpubdma
dma emnwm
emnwm gc matmrm vmrcmebf-vmrcm
vmrcmebf-vmrcmefb
efb bmcaaym
bmcaaym guduajma
guduajma
dfbumr
dfbumrjm
jm hfrupm
hfrupmdma
dma vmrcme
vmrcmefb
fb ymaj
ymaj pmbcaj
pmbcaj efrpfa
efrpfajmr
jmrun
un tfrnmgm
tfrnmgmp
p
duakuajma matfamtmb `mrf (MA@).
Bfcl
Bfclfr
fr (5
(599
99>)
>) gmbm
gmbmh
h eu
eudu
duay
aymm ‒Hmt
‒Hmtfr
frac
acty
ty Aurs
Aursca
caj
j ; Ma
Catrog
Catrogu`t
u`tory
ory Wfxt‘,
Wfxt‘, hfajdb
hfajdbmscl
msclcdm
cdmscd
scdma
ma tcpf
tcpf dfbumr
dfbumrjm
jm hfakmg
hfakmgcc >
(gfbmpma) hm`mh, gcmatmrmaym ymctu ;

==
m. Dfbu
Dfbumr
mrjm
jm Cat
Catcc ( Au`bfmr Lmhcby)
Lmhcby) ; Dfbumrjm ymaj tfrgcrc gmrc sumhc,
cstrc, gma mamd-mamd dmaguaj ymaj ncgup efrsmhm.
e. Dfbumrjm @mhpurma (Ebfagfg or Uf`oastctutfg Lmhcby)
Lmhcby) ; Dfbumrjm
ymaj tfrgcrc gmrc dohecamsc gum dfbumrjm gfajma mamd-mamd gmrc
smbmn smtu dfbumrjm hmupua gmrc dfgum dfbumrjm tfrsfeut.
`. Dfbu
Dfbumrj
mrjmm Nc
Ncgu
gup
p Efrsmh
Efrsmhmm (@onoectmtcaj
( @onoectmtcaj lmhcby)
lmhcby) ; Dfbumrjm ymaj
tfrgcr
tfrgcrcc gmrc
gmrc pmsmaj
pmsmajma
ma ymaj
ymaj ncgup
ncgup efrsmh
efrsmhmm tmapm
tmapm mgmay
mgmaymm kmbcam
kmbcama
a
pfacdmnma ymaj hfhcbcdc mamd dmaguaj gmrc dfgum pmsmajma
tfrsfeut, mtmu mamd gmrc smbmn smtu pmsmajma, mtmu mamd nmscb mgopsc.
g. Dfbumr
Dfbumrjm
jm Dohuam
Dohuambb ((@ohhuamb
@ohhuamb Lmhcby)
Lmhcby) ; Dfbumrjm ymaj tfrgcrc gmrc
efefrmpm dfbumrjm ymaj ncgup efrsmhm ymaj efremjc tmajjuaj
kmwme dfrkm hmupua pfajmsunma mamd.
f. Dfbu
Dfbumrj
mrjmm Wmhem
Wmhemnm
nma
a ( Fxtfagfg Lmhcby)
Lmhcby) ; Dfbumrjm ymaj tfrgmpmt
bfecn
bfecn gmrc
gmrc smtu jfafrms
jfafrmsc,
c, ymaj
ymaj hfbums
hfbums ncajjm
ncajjm tfrhmsu
tfrhmsud
d smugmr
smugmrm-
m-
smugmrm gc bumr dfbumrjm catc (sfpfrtc dmdfd-afafd, ecec, pmhma, gma
dfbumrjmaym)
l. Dfbu
Dfbumr
mrjm
jm Jmy
Jmy mtmu
mtmu Bfse
Bfsecm
cma
a (Pmhf-sfx Lmhcby)
Lmhcby) ; Dfbumrjm ymaj
tfrgcrc gmrc pmsmajma sfsmhm kfacs, jmy hmupua bfsecma gfajma mtmu
tmapm mamd4 mamd nmscb mgopsc, gmrc nueuajma sfefbuhaym.
j. Dfbu
Dfbumrj
mrjmm Orma
Ormaj
j Wum
Wum Wuaj
Wuajjm
jmbb (Pcajbf Ymrfat Lmhcby)
Lmhcby) ; Dfbumrjm
ym
ymaj
aj tfrgc
tfrgcrc
rc gm
gmrc
rc ca
cagc
gcvc
vcgu
gu ym
ymaj
aj tcgm
tcgmd
d gm
gmbm
bmh
h stmtu
stmtuss nu
nueu
euaj
ajma
ma
pfracdmnma, pfr`frmcma,
pfr`frmcm a, gugm mtmu kmagm, ymaj hfhcbcdc sftcgmdaym
smtu mamd.
n. Dfbumr
Dfbumrjm
jm Ormaj
Ormaj Wum
Wum Wcrc
Wcrc (Ptfppmrfat
(Ptfppmrfat Lmhcby)
Lmhcby) ; Dfbumrjm ymaj
tfrgcrc gmrc sfsformaj ymaj pframn hfacdmn ymaj
ymaj hfhcbcdc hcachmb
hcachmb
smtu mamd.=5

Jmbbo gma Ufc`nfb (=33>) gmbmh Hutcmrm (59=7) hfhemjc kfacs-

kfacs guduajma dfbumrjm hfakmgc 0 (tcjm) kfacs ;
m. Guduajma Lcscobojcs
Guduajma lcscobojcs hfrupmdma guduajma ymaj gcbmdudma
gmbmh efatud
efatud pfrtoboaj
pfrtoboajma-pfrt
ma-pfrtoboa
oboajma
jma gmbmh mdtcvctms
mdtcvctms sfnmrc-nmrc
sfnmrc-nmrc

=5
 ymaj hfagmsmr, sfpfrtc gmbmh nmb hmagc, hfaycmpdma hmdmama gma
hfhpfrnmtcdma jczc, tocbftcaj, hfayfgcmdma tfhpmt tfrtfatu mtmu
rumajma dnusus, hfrmwmt sfsformaj ecbm smdct, hfhematu dfjcmtma
lcscd sfsumc dfhmhpuma, sfpfrtc sfamh, hfa`cptmdma bcajduajma
ymaj mhma, gma bmca-bmca.
e. Guduajma Yscdobojcs
Yscdobojcs
Guduajma pscdobojcs ymdac gctuakuddma gfajma hfhefrcdma
pfrnmtcma gma dmscn smycaj pmgm majjotm dfbumrjm, hfhefrcdma
rmsm
rmsm mhma
mhma,, hfhe
hfhema
matu
tu hfay
hfaymg
mgmr
mrc,
c, gm
gma
a hfhm
hfhmnm
nmhc
hc tf
tfat
atma
maj
j
cgfatctms.P
cgfatctms.Pfbmca
fbmca ctu, hfhcatm pfagmpmt
pfagmpmt mtmu hfbmdudma
hfbmdudma gcsdusc,
gcsdusc,
hfbuma
hfbumajdm
jdma
a wmdtu
wmdtu efr`md
efr`mdmp-`
mp-`mdm
mdmp
p uatud
uatud hfakmj
hfakmjmm dohuac
dohuacdms
dmscc
ymaj emcd gfajma catoamsc mtmu amg
mgmm ec`mrm kfb
fbmms, gma
sfemjmcaym.
sfemjmcaym.Dfbumr
Dfbumrjm
jm hfhcbcdc
hfhcbcdc luajsc
luajsc protfdsc
protfdsc ymaj hfbcajdupc
hfbcajdupc
sfbmca
sfbmca hfhfau
hfhfaunc
nc dfeutu
dfeutunma
nma hmdmam
hmdmama
a gma tfhpmt
tfhpmt tcajjm
tcajjmb,
b, kujm
kujm
hfhefrcdma guduajma gma hfakmgc tfhpmt ymaj ‑mhma‟ gmrc guacm
bumr.
`. Guduajma Poscmb
Gudu
Guduaj
ajma
ma soscm
soscmbb gcef
gcefrc
rcdm
dma
a gf
gfaj
ajma
ma `m
`mrm
rm hfay
hfaymr
mrma
madm
dma
a
cagcvc
cagcvcgu
gu uatud
uatud hfajcd
hfajcdutc
utc dfjcmt
dfjcmtma
ma spcrct
spcrctumb
umb sfpfrtc
sfpfrtc pfajmk
pfajmkcma
cma,,
pfrduhpubma mrcsma, hfhefrcdma dfsfhpmtma uatud hfhcbcn
lmscbctms dfsfnmtma sfsumc gfajma dfcajcama sfagcrc, tftmp hfakmjm
catfrmdsc gfajma ormaj bmca, gma hfhpfrnmtcdma aorhm-aorhm ymaj
efrbmdu.=7

G. Guduaj
Guduajma
ma Yftuj
Yftujms
ms Dfsfnm
Dfsfnmtma
tma
Hfaurut tforc Jrffa (5996), pftujms dfsfnmtma
efrtmajjuajkmwme tfrnmgmp dfsfnmtma ceu nmhcb. Guduajma pftujms
dfsfnmtma efrupm tmaym kmwme tfatmaj mpm ymaj gcrmsmdma ceu nmhcb,
dmpma
dmpma nmrus
nmrus hfhcau
hfhcauh
h oemt
oemt gma vctmhc
vctmhca,
a, dmpma
dmpma nmrus
nmrus hfbmdu
hfbmdudma
dma
duakuajma matfamtmb `mrf (MA@), gma hfhefrcdma pfayubunma pmgm
ceu nmhcb sfrtm dfbumrjm tfatmaj pfatcajaym duakuajma matfamtmb `mrf
(MA@).
(MA@). Yftujm
Yftujmss ymaj
ymaj hfagud
hfaguduaj
uaj mdma
mdma hfhpfr
hfhpfrdum
dumtt tfrefa
tfrefatud
tudaym
aym

=0
 duakuajma matfamtmb `mrf (MA@) ymaj efrdfscamheuajma. Yfhefrcma
pftuakud emjmchmam hfajurmajc rmsm tmdut hfajnmgmpc
hfajnmgmpc dfnmhcbma
dfnmhcbma
gma
gma pfrs
pfrsmb
mbca
cama
ma,, hfhe
hfheum
umtt ceu
ceu nm
nmhc
hcbb pf
pfr`
r`my
mymm tf
tfrn
rnmg
mgmp
mp pf
pftu
tujm
jmss
dfs
fsfn
fnmt
mtma
ma yma
maj
j hfbmd
fbmdsm
sma
amd
mdma
ma pfh
pfhfr
frcd
cdsm
smma
ma df
dfn
nmhcb
mhcbma
ma gma
hfhefrcdma pfrtoboajma smmt tfrkmgc hmsmbmn.
Pcdm
Pcdmp
p pf
pftu
tujm
jmss df
dfsfn
sfnmtm
mtma
a gc lmscb
lmscbct
ctms
ms pf
pfbm
bmym
ymam
ama
a df
dfsf
sfnm
nmtm
tma
a
hfhfaj
hfhfajmru
mrunc
nc lrfduf
lrfdufasc
asc duakua
duakuajma
jma MA@ ceu nmhcb.
nmhcb.Pfh
Pfhmdc
mdca
a emcd
emcd
scdmp pftujms dfsfnmtma hmdm sfhmdca sfrcaj pubm sformaj ceu nmhcb
hfajuakua
hfajuakuajc
jc lmscbctms
lmscbctms dfsfnmtma
dfsfnmtma uatu hfhfrcdsmdm
hfhfrcdsmdma
a dfnmhcbmaa
dfnmhcbmaaym.
ym.
Efbuh hfrmtmaym pftujms dfsfnmtma ymaj mgm gc gmfrmn tfrpfa`cb kujm
gmpmt
gmpmt hfauru
hfauruadm
adma
a mdsfs
mdsfs ceu nmhcb
nmhcb uatud
uatud hfagmp
hfagmpmtd
mtdma
ma pfbmym
pfbmymama
ama
dfsfnmtma.59

F. Ptmagm
Ptmagmrr Yfbmy
Yfbmymam
mama
a Matf
Matfamt
amtmb
mb @mr
@mrff
Gfpdfs UC (59=9), hfaymtmdma emnwm gmbmh pfafrmpma prmdtcs
msunma dfecgmama pmgm ceu hfajjuamdma stmagmr hcachmb pfbmymama
matfamtmb ‒=9W‘,
ymaj tfrgcrc ;
m. Wchemaj Efrmt Emgma gma Yfajudurma Wcajjc Emgma
e. Vdur Wfdmama Gmrmn
`. Vdur Wcajjc Luagus Vtfrc
g. Yfhefrcma Chuacsmsc Wftmaus Woxocg (WW) Bfajdmp
f. Yfhefrcma Wmebft Efsc hcachmb 39 tmebft sfbmhm dfnmhcbma
l. Wfs Bmeormtorcuh
j. Wfhu wc`mrm (doasfbcaj gma pfhf`mnma hmsmbmn)
n. Wfatudma pfrsfatmsc kmaca gma nctuaj GKK
c. Wftmpdma stmtus jczc
k. Wmtmbmdsmam dmsus.

Pfsumcc dfeckmdma
Pfsum dfeckmdma projrmh pfbmymama
pfbmymama msunma matfamtmb
matfamtmb nmrus
sfsumc stmagmr pmgm tmnua 59=7 ymctu hfakmgc ‒=7 W‘, hfbcputc ;
m. Wchema
Wchemaj
j efrm
efrmtt e
emgm
mgma
a (W=)
(W=)..

=7
 Efrmt emgma gmbmh dcbo jrmh tcmp dmbc duakuajma. Efrmt emgma
ymaj
ymaj efrtmh
efrtmhemn
emn tfrbmbu
tfrbmbu efsmr mtmu durmaj
durmaj pfrbu hfagmp
hfagmpmtd
mtdma
ma
pfrnmtcma dnusus dmrfam hfhuajdcadma tfrkmgcaym pfayubct
df
dfnm
nmhc
hcbma
bma.. Dfam
Dfamcd
cdma
ma ef
efrmt
rmt emgma
emgma tcgm
tcgmd
d eo
eobf
bfn
n bf
bfec
ecn
n gm
gmrc
rc 9,
9,6
6
dj/hcajju, kcdm gctfhudma nmb gfhcdcma sfjfrm rukud.
e. Vdur tfdmama gmrmn (W5).
Wfdmam
Wfdmama
a gmrmn
gmrmn ymaj
ymaj aorhmb
aorhmb ==9/>9
==9/>9 ‐ =79/39
=79/39 hhNj,
hhNj, ecbm
ecbm
hfbfecnc gmrc =79/39 hhNj pfrbu gcwmspmgmc mgmaym prffdbmhsc.
`. Vdur
Vdur tcajjc
tcajjc luagus
luagus utfrc
utfrc (W0)
(W0)
g. Yfhefrcma
Yfhefrcma tmebft
tmebft Lf sfemaymd
sfemaymd 39
39 tmebft
tmebft sfbmhm dfnmhcbm
dfnmhcbma
a (W7)
Yfhefrcma tmebft Lf (059 hj Lf sublmt gma 9,6 hj msmh lobmt)
uatud
uatud sfh
sfhum
um ceu nmhcb
nmhcb sfemaymd
sfemaymd = dmbc tmebft
tmebft sfbmhm
sfbmhm 39 nmrc.
nmrc.
Kuhbmn
Kuhbmn tfrsfeut hfa`udupc
hfa`udupc dfeutunma
dfeutunma tmhemnma
tmhemnma zmt efsc sfbmhm
dfnmhcbma ymctu=99 hj.
f. Yfhefr
Yfhefrcma
cma chuacs
chuacsmsc
msc WW (W6)
(W6)
l. Yfhf
Yfhfrcd
rcdsmm
smma
a Ne (W<)
(W<)
j. Yfhfrcdsmma
Yfhfrcdsmma \fafrmb
\fafrmb Gcsfmsfs
Gcsfmsfs Ufsfr`n
Ufsfr`n Bmeormto
Bmeormtory
ry (\GUB)(W:)
(\GUB)(W:)
Hfrupm
Hfrupmdma
dma s`rffac
s`rffacaj
aj uatud
uatud sclcbcs
sclcbcs,, pfa
pfaymd
ymdct
ct dfbmhc
dfbmhca
a ymaj
ymaj
gctubmrdma
gctubmrdma hfbmbuc
hfbmbuc nueuajma
nueuajma sfdsumb.
sfdsumb. Kmaca ymaj tfrcalfdsc
tfrcalfdsc gmpmt
hfajmbmhc jfkmbmaym smmt bmncr mtmu efefrmpm eubma
eubma sftfbmn bmncr.
n. Yfrm
Yfrmwm
wmtm
tma
a pm
pmyu
yugm
gmrm
rm,, sf
sfam
amh
h pm
pmyu
yugm
gmrm
rm gm
gma
a pc
pckm
kmtt tf
tfdm
dma
a pm
pmyu
yugm
gmrm
rm
(W>)
c. Yfhfbcnmrmma
Yfhfbcnmrmma tcajdmt
tcajdmt dfeujmrma
dfeujmrma / sfamh
sfamh ceu
ceu nmhcb (W3)
k. Wfhu wc`mrm gmbmh rmajdm pfrscmpma rukudma (W=9)
d. Yfhfrcdsmma
Yfhfrcdsmma protfca
protfca urcaf
urcaf mtms
mtms cagcdmsc
cagcdmsc (W==)
(W==)
b. Yfhfrcd
Yfhfrcdsmma
smma rfgu
rfgudsc
dsc urcaf
urcaf mtms
mtms cagcdm
cagcdmsc
sc (W=5)
(W=5)
h. Yfhefr
Yfhefrcma
cma tfrmpc
tfrmpc dmpsub
dmpsub yogcuh
yogcuh uatud gmfrmn fagfhc
fagfhcss joagod
joagod
(W=0)
a. Yf
Yfhe
hefr
frcm
cma
a tfrm
tfrmpc
pc ma
matc
tc hmbm
hmbmrc
rcmm ua
uatu
tud
d gm
gmfr
frmn
mn fa
fagf
gfhc
hcss hmbm
hmbmrc
rcmm
(W=7).=>

=6
 EME CCC
HFWOGOBOJC YFAFBCWCMA

0.
0.=
= Uuma
Uumaj
j Bca
Bcajd
jdup
up Yfaf
Yfafbc
bctc
tcma
ma
=. Bodmsc Yfafbctcma

=<
 Bodmsc
Bodmsc pfafbc
pfafbctcm
tcma
a cac gcbmdu
gcbmdudma
dma gc rumajm
rumajma
a DCM Yusdfs
Yusdfshms
hms Zmcsmc
Zmcsmc
Dmeupmtfa Umkm Mhpmt

5. Zmdtu Yf
Yfafbctcma
Zmdtu Yfafbctcma gcbmdudma nmrc Pfbmsm tmajjmb = Kuac smhpmc gfajma

nmrc Pmetu tmajjmb =5 Kuac 595=.

0.
0.5
5 Gfsmca
mca Yfa
faffbctc
bctcma
ma

Yf
Yfaf
afbc
bctc
tcma
ma cac
cac hfru
hfrupm
pmdm
dma
a kf
kfac
acss pf
pfaf
afbc
bctc
tcma
ma ma
mamb
mbct
ctcd
cd ua
uatu
tud
d
hfajftmnuc
hfajftmnuc lmdtor
lmdtor pfayfeme
pfayfeme dftcgmdsfsum
dftcgmdsfsumcma
cma duakuajma
duakuajma MA@ (D= gma
D7) pmgm ceu nmhcb gc Yusdfshms Zmcsmc pmgm eubma Kuac tmnua 595=.
Gfsmca pfafbctcma ymaj gcjuamdma mgmbmn stugc `ross sf`tcoamb.

0.0
0.0 Yopu
Yopubm
bmsc
sc gma
gma Pmh
Pmhpf
pfbb Yfa
Yfafb
fbct
ctcm
cma
a
=. Yop
Yopubms
ubmscc Yfa
Yfafb
fbct
ctcm
cma
a
Pfhum Ceu nmhcb ymaj efrduakuaj df Yobc DCM Yusdfshms Zmcsmc.
5. Pmh
Pmhpfb
pfb Yfa
Yfafbct
fbctcm
cma
a
Yfa
Yfajmh
jmhecbm
ecbma
a sm
smh
hpfb
pfb gcbm
gcbmd
dud
udma
ma gfa
faj
jma hfto
hftogf
gf aoa-proemecbcty
smhpbcaj kfacs `oasf`utcvf smhpbcaj. Pfhum suekfd ymaj gmtmaj sf`mrm
efrurutma gma hfhfaunc drctfrcm pfhcbcnma gchmsuddma sfemjmc smhpfb
pfafbctcma smhpmc suekfd ymaj gcpfrbudma tfrpfaunc
tfrpfaunc
m. Drct
Drctfr
frcm
cm Cadb
Cadbus
uscc
=) Ceu nmhcb
nmhcb ymaj hfbmdudma
hfbmdudma duakuajm
duakuajma
a MA@
5) Ceu ymaj
ymaj efrsfgcm
efrsfgcm hfakmgc
hfakmgc rfspoagfa
rfspoagfa
0) Ceu ymaj
ymaj nmgcr smmt gcbmdud
gcbmdudma
ma pfafbctcma
pfafbctcma
e. Drctfrcm Fdsdbusc
=) Ceu ymaj
ymaj tcgmd efrsfgcm
efrsfgcm hfajcsc
hfajcsc ducscoafr
ducscoafr
5) Ceu ymaj tcgmd doopfrm
doopfrmtcl
tcl gmbmh prosfs pfajmhecb
pfajmhecbma
ma gmtm
0.7 Wfdac
Wfdacd
d Yfaju
Yfajuhpu
hpubma
bma gma Ca
Castr
struhf
uhfa
a Yfafb
Yfafbctc
ctcma
ma
=. Wfda
Wfdacd
cd Yf
Yfaj
ajuh
uhpu
pubm
bma
a Gmt
Gmtmm
Yfajuh
Yfajuhpu
pubma
bma gmtm
gmtm hfajju
hfajjuamd
amdma
ma ducsco
ducscoafr
afr tcajdm
tcajdmtt pfajft
pfajftmnu
mnuma
ma ceu
hfajfamc duakuajma MA@.
5. Cast
Castru
ruhf
hfa
a Yfaf
Yfafbc
bctc
tcma
ma

=:
 Ca
Cast
stru
ruhf
hfa
a pfaf
pfafbc
bctc
tcma
ma efru
efrupm
pm du
ducs
csco
coaf
afrr tcaj
tcajdm
dmtt pf
pfaj
ajft
ftmn
mnum
uma
a ce
ceu
u
hfajfamc duakuajma MA@.

0.6
0.6 Hfto
Hftogf
gf Yfa
Yfajo
jobm
bmnm
nma
a gma
gma Mamb
Mambcs
cscs
cs Gmt
Gmtm
m

0.
0.:.
:.=
= Yfaj
Yfajob
obmn
mnma
ma Gmtm
Gmtm
Pf
Pfhu
humm gmtm
gmtm gcdu
gcduhp
hpub
ubdm
dma,
a, gc
gc`m
`mtm
tmt,
t, gm
gma
a gc
gcdf
dfbo
bohp
hpod
oddm
dma
a bm
bmbu
bu
gchm
gchmsu
sudd
ddma
ma df dohp
dohput
utfr
fr gm
gma
a sf
sfbm
bmak
akut
utay
aymm gc
gcob
obmn
mn gf
gfaj
ajma
ma
hfajjuamdma projrmh Fx`fb
0.:.5
.:.5 Mamb
Mambcs
cscs
cs Gmt
Gmtm
m. Mambcscs Vac
Vacvmrc
rcmmt
Gmtmm ymaj
Gmt ymaj gcpfro
gcpfrobmn
bmn gmrc
gmrc nmscb
nmscb pfajuh
pfajuhpub
pubma
ma gmtm
gmtm gcsmkcd
gcsmkcdma
ma
gmbmh efatud tmefb gcstrceusc lrfdufasc.
e. Mambcscs Ecvmrcmt

Vatud
Vatud hfajftmnuc
hfajftmnuc nueuajma matmrm vmrcmefb
vmrcmefb cagfpfagfa
cagfpfagfa gma
vmrcmefb gfpfagfa gcsmkcdma gmbmh efatud tmefb, bmbu gcmambcscs
gfajma
gfajma ukc stmtcstcd
stmtcstcd @nc-squmrf
@nc-squmrf.. Yfajmhecbma dfputusma stmtcstcd
gcbmdudma gfajma hfhemagcajdma acbmc Y vmbuf gfajma acbmc ν
9,96. Ecbm acbmc Y vmbuf 2 acbmc ν 9,96 hmdm tfrgmpmt nueuajma
efrhmdam (scjaclcdma) matmrm vmrcmefb cagfpfagfa gma gfpfagfa,
sfgmajdma ecbm acbmc Y vmbuf 1 acbmc ν 9,96 hmdm tcgmd tfrgmpmt
nueuajma efrhmdam (scjaclcdma) matmrm vmrcmefb cagfpfagfa gma
vmrcmefb gfpfagfa.

EME C\
NMPCB YFAFBCWCMA GMA YFHEMNMPMA

7 .= Nmscb Yfa
Yfafbctcma

=>
 Yfafbctcma cac gcbmdudma gc Yobc DCM Yusdfshms Zmcsmc pmgm tmajjmb
= Kuac
Kuac smhpmc
smhpmc gfajma
gfajma =5 Kuac
Kuac 595=
595= pudub
pudub 93;99
93;99 ZCW ‐ Pfbfsmc
Pfbfsmc.. Pmhpfb
Pmhpfb
pfafbctcma cac mgmbmn ceu nmhcb ymaj hfbmdudma duakuajma pfhfrcdsmma
dfnmhcbma.
dfnmhcbma. Yfajmhecbma
Yfajmhecbma smhpfb gcbmdudma
gcbmdudma gfajma
gfajma `mrm totmb smhpbcaj 09
smhpfb.
Efrgmsmrdma pfafbctcma ymaj tfbmn gcbmdudma obfn pfafbctc hmdm pmgm
Eme cac mdma gckfbmsdma hfajfamc dmrmdtfrcstcd rfspoagfa, gfsdrcpsc gmtm,
gm
gma
a pf
pfhe
hemn
mnms
msma
ma gm
gmrc
rc nm
nmscb
scb pf
pfaf
afbc
bctcm
tcma
a . Gm
Gmtm
tm ym
ymaj
aj gc
gcju
juam
amdm
dma
a gm
gmbm
bmh
h
pfafbctcma cac ymctu gmtm gmrc nmscb ducscoafr tcajdmt pfajftmnuma ceu
hfajfamc duakuajma MA@ ymaj gccsc obfn rfspoagfa ymaj tfbmn hfhfaunc
drctfrcm cadbusc sfemaymd 09 pfsfrtm pfafbctcma.
Nmscb gmrc pfafbctcma cac pfrobfn gmrc gmtm pfajcscma ducscoafr tcajdmt
pfajftmnuma ceu nmhcb hfajfamc duakuajma MA@ obfn hmscaj-hmscaj
rfspoagfa ymaj gcbmdudma sfefbuh hfbmdudma pfhfrcdsmma dfnmhcbma gma
gcsmkcdma gmbmh eftud tmefb.

7.
7.=.
=.=
= Gfsd
Gfsdrc
rcps
pscc Dmrm
Dmrmdt
dtfr
frcs
cstc
tcd
d Pmhp
Pmhpfb
fb
Dmrmdtfrcstcd Lrfdufasc (a) Yfrsfatmsf (%)
Wcajdmt Yfagcgcdma
PG/PHY > 5<.<<<<:
PHM/YFUJ. WCAJJC 55 :0.00000

Wotmb 09 =99
Wcajdmt Yfajftmnuma
Wmnu tfatmaj MA@ : 50.00000
Wcgmd tmnu tfatmaj MA@ 50 :<.<<<<:
=99
Wotmb 09
Guduajma Dfbumrjm
Mgmaym guduajma 09 =99
Wcgmd mgmaym guduajma 9 9
Wotmb 09 =99
Lmscbctms Dfsfnmtma
Hfhmgmc =3 <0.00000
Wcgmd hfhmgmc == 0<.<<<<:

=3
 Wotmb 09 =99
Wmefb =. Gfsdrcpsc Dmrmdtfrcstcd Ufspoagfa

Gmrc tmefb tfrsfeut gcdftmnuc emnwm kuhbmn rfspoagfa pmgm pfafbctcma cac
sfem
sfemay
aymd
md 09 or
orma
maj
j. Dfe
Dfemaym
maymd
dma rf
rfsp
spo
oag
agfa
fa pfa
fag
gcg
cgcd
cdma
ma tf
tfrm
rmdn
dncr
cray
aymm

PHM/sftmrm sfemaymd =6 ormaj (50.00000%). Dfemaymdma rfspoagfa tcgmd

hfhcbcdc pfajftmnuma tfatmaj MA@ pfrtmhm dmbc smmt uscm dfnmhcbma 259
hcajju ymctu sfemaymd 50 Ormaj (:<.<<<<: %). Pfhum rfspoagfa hfagmpmt
guduaj
guduajma
ma pfaun
pfaun gmrc
gmrc dfbumr
dfbumrjm
jm uatud
uatud hfbmdu
hfbmdudma
dma duakua
duakuajma
jma pfhfrcd
pfhfrcdsmma
smma
dfnmhcbma (=99%). Dfemaymdma rfspoagfa hfajmajjmp lmscbctms dfsfnmtma gc
pusdfshms wmcsmc sugmn `udup hfhmgmc sfncajjm cajca hfbmakutdma
duakuajma efrcdutaym ncajjm pfrsmbcama gc Yusdfshms Zmcsmc sfemaymd =3
ormaj (<0.00000%)
(<0.00000%) Pfgmajdma
Pfgmajdma rfspoagfa ymaj hfhcbcn
hfhcbcn tcgmd hfbmdudma
hfbmdudma
duakua
duakuajma
jma (D7)
(D7) gma pfrsmbc
pfrsmbcama
ama gc Yusdfsh
Yusdfshms
ms Zmcsmc
Zmcsmc dmrfam
dmrfam tcgmd
tcgmd hmu

hfajmhecb
hfajmh ecb rfscdo
rfscdo gfajma
gfajma lmscbct
lmscbctms
ms ymaj
ymaj mgm sfncaj
sfncajjm
jm cajca
cajca hfbmdu
hfbmdudma
dma
pfrsmbcama gc lmscbctms dfsfnmtma ymaj bfecn bfajdmp sfemaymd == ormaj
(0<.<<<<:%).

7.=.
7.=.5
5 Nueu
Nueuaj
ajma
ma Wca
Wcajd
jdmt
mt Yfa
Yfagc
gcgc
gcdm
dma
a gfajm
gfajma
a Duaku
Duakuaj
ajma
ma

Wcajdmt D= Vscm Dfnmhcbma 259 hcajju

Y
Sm Wcgmd
Yfagcgcdma A % a %
PHM/YFUJ. WCAJJC =: :0.3=097 5 5>.6:=70
9.9535
PG/PHY < 5<.9><3< 6 :=.75>6:
Wotmb 50 =99 : =99
Wmefb 5. Nueuajma Wcajdmt Yfagcgcdma gfajma Duakuajma

Gmrc tmefb gc mtms, gmpmt gcdftmnuc emnwm sf`mrm dfsfburunma tfrgmpmt

50 ceu nmhcb ymaj hfbmdudma D= smmt uscm dfnmhcbma 259 hcajju gma : ceu
nmhcb ymaj tcgmd hfbmdudma D= smmt uscm dfnmhcbma 259 hcajju. Gmrc 50 ceu
nmhcb ymaj hfbmdudma D= smmt uscm
uscm dfnmhcbma 259 hcajju, nmaym
nmaym tfrgmpmt <
ceu nmhcb
nmhcb gfajma
gfajma tcajdm
tcajdmtt pfagcg
pfagcgcdm
cdma
a PG/PHY,
PG/PHY, sfgmaj
sfgmajdma
dma =: ceu nmhcb
nmhcb
bmcaaym gfajma tcajdmt pfagcgcdma PHM/Yfrjuruma Wcajjc. Pftfbmn gcbmdudma

ukc ncpotfscs
ncpotfscs gfajma hftogf
hftogf @nc Pqumrf
Pqumrf gfajma gfrmkmt tcajdmt dfhmdamma

59
 9,96 (ν86%),
(ν86%), gcpfrobfn
gcpfrobfn acbmc p sfefsmr 9.9535 (p
p29,96).
29,96). Gfajma gfhcdcma
tfrgmp
tfrgmpmt
mt nue
nueuaj
uajma
ma ymaj
ymaj efrhmd
efrhmdam
am matmrm
matmrm tcajdm
tcajdmtt pfagcg
pfagcgcdm
cdma
a ceu nmhcb
nmhcb
gfajma duakuajma D= pmgm uscm dfnmhcbma 259 hcajju gc Yusdfshms Zmcsmc
Dmeupmtfa Umkm Mhpmt.

7.=.
7.=.0
0 Nueu
Nueuaj
ajma
ma Wcaj
Wcajdm
dmtt Yfaj
Yfajft
ftmn
mnum
uma
a gfajm
gfajma
a Duaku
Duakuaj
ajma
ma

Wcajdmt D= Vscm Dfnmhcbma 259 hcajju

Y
Sm Wcgmd
Yfajftmnuma A % a %
Wmnu 55 3=.<<<<: = =<.<<<<:
9.999=95
Wcgmd Wmnu 5 >.000000 6 >0.00000
Wotmb 57 =99 < =99
Wmefb 0. Nueuajma Wcajdmt Yfajftmnuma gfajma Duakuajma

Gmrc tmefb gc mtms, gmpmt gcdftmnuc emnwm sf`mrm dfsfburunma tfrgmpmt

57 ceu nmhcb ymaj hfbmdudma D= smmt uscm dfnmhcbma 259 hcajju gma < ceu
nmhcb ymaj tcgmd hfbmdudma D= smmt uscm dfnmhcbma 259 hcajju. Gmrc 57 ceu
nmhcb ymaj hfbmdudma D= smmt uscm dfnmhcbma 259 hcajju, nmaym tfrgmpmt 5
ceu nmhcb ymaj tcgmd tmnu emnwm duakuajma pfrtmhm pfhfrcdsmma dfnmhcbma
emcdaym gcbmdudma smmt uscm dfnmhcbma 259 hcajju, sfgmajdma 55 ceu nmhcb
bmcaay
bmcaaymm tmnu
tmnu emnwm
emnwm duakua
duakuajma
jma pfrtmh
pfrtmhmm pfhfrcd
pfhfrcdsmma
smma dfnmhc
dfnmhcbma
bma emcday
emcdaymm
gcbmdudma smmt uscm dfnmhcbma 259 hcajju. Pftfbmn gcbmdudma ukc ncpotfscs
gfajma hftogf @nc Pqumrf gfajma gfrmkmt tcajdmt dfhmdamma 9,96 (ν86%),
gcpf
gcpfro
robf
bfn
n acbm
acbmcc p sfe
sfefsmr
fsmr 9.999=
9.999=95
95 (p
p29,96
29,96).
). Gfajma
Gfajma gfhcdcma
gfhcdcma tfrgmpmt
tfrgmpmt
nueuaj
nueuajma
ma ymaj
ymaj efrhmd
efrhmdam
am matmrm
matmrm tcajdm
tcajdmtt pfajft
pfajftmnu
mnuma
ma ceu nmhcb
nmhcb gfajma
gfajma
du
duak
akua
uajm
jma
a D= pm
pmgm
gm us
uscm
cm df
dfnm
nmhc
hcbma
bma 259
259 hcaj
hcajju
ju gc Yusd
Yusdfsh
fshms
ms Zmcsm
Zmcsmcc
Dmeupmtfa Umkm Mhpmt.

7.=.7
7.=.7 Nueuaj
Nueuajma
ma Gudua
Guduajma
jma Dfbum
Dfbumrjm
rjm gfajm
gfajma
a Duakuaj
Duakuajma
ma

Guduajma Duakuajma MA@ (D7)

Y
Sm Wcgmd
Dfbumrjm A % a %
Mgm 56 3<.=60>6 5 69
9.997=:
Wcgmd Mgm = 0.>7<=67 5 69
Wotmb 5< =99 7 =99
Wmefb 7. Nueuajma Guduajma Dfbumrjm gfajma Duakuajma

5=
 Gmrc tmefb gc mtms, gmpmt gcdftmnuc emnwm sf`mrm dfsfburunma tfrgmpmt
5< ceu nmhcb ymaj hfbmdudma
hfbmdudma duakuajma
duakuajma MA@ (D7) gma 7 ceu nmhcb ymaj
tcgmd hfbmdudma
hfbmdudma duakuajma
duakuajma MA@ (D7). Gmrc 5< ceu nmhcb ymaj hfbmdudma
hfbmdudma
duakua
duakuajma
jma MA@ (D7),
(D7), nmaym
nmaym tfrgmp
tfrgmpmt
mt = ceu nmhcb
nmhcb ymaj
ymaj tcgmd
tcgmd hfagmp
hfagmpmt
mt
guduajma gmrc dfbumrjm, sfgmajdma 56 ceu nmhcb bmcaaym hfagmpmt guduajma
gmrcc dfbumr
gmr dfbumrjm.
jm. Pftfbmn
Pftfbmn gcbmdudm
gcbmdudma
a ukc ncpotf
ncpotfscs
scs gfajma
gfajma hftogf
hftogf @nc Pqumrf
gfajma
gfajma gfrmkm
gfrmkmtt tcajdm
tcajdmtt dfhmda
dfhmdamma
mma 9,96
9,96 (ν86%)
(ν86%),, gcpfro
gcpfrobfn
bfn acbmc
acbmc p sfefsmr
9.997=: (p29,
p29,96)
96).. Gfajma
Gfajma gfhcdc
gfhcdcma
ma tfrgmpm
tfrgmpmtt nueuaj
nueuajma
ma ymaj
ymaj efrhmd
efrhmdam
am
ma
matmr
tmrmm gu
gudu
duaj
ajma
ma df
dfbu
bumrj
mrjmm ce
ceu
u nm
nmhc
hcbb gf
gfaj
ajma
ma du
duak
akua
uajm
jma
a MA@
MA@ (D7)
(D7) gc
Yusdfshms Zmcsmc Dmeupmtfa Umkm Mhpmt.

7.=.6 Nueuajma
Nueuajma Lmscbctms
Lmscbctms Yfbmymam
Yfbmymama
a Dfsfnm
Dfsfnmtma
tma gfajm
gfajma
a Duakua
Duakuajma
jma

Lmscbctms Duakuajma MA@ (D7)

Y
Dfsfnmtma Sm Wcgmd
A % a %
Hfhmgmc =< 37.==:<6 > <=.60>7<
9.95:9<
Wcgmd Hfhmgmc = 6.>>5060 6 0>.7<=67
Wotmb =: =99 =0 9
Wmefb 6. Nueuajma Lmscbctms Yfbmymama Dfsfnmtma gfajma Duakuajma

Gmrc tmefb gc mtms, gmpmt gcdftmnuc emnwm sf`mrm dfsfburunma tfrgmpmt

=: ceu nmhcb ymaj hfbmdudma duakuajma MA@ (D7) gma =0 ceu nmhcb ymaj
tcgmd hfbmdudma
hfbmdudma duakuajma
duakuajma MA@ (D7). Gmrc =: ceu nmhcb ymaj hfbmdudma
hfbmdudma

du
duak
akua
uajm
jma
a MA@
MA@ (D7),
(D7), nm
nmay
aymm tfrgm
tfrgmpm
pmtt = ce
ceu
u nm
nmhc
hcbb ym
ymaj
aj hfrm
hfrmsm
sm em
emnw
nwmm
lmscbct
lmscbctms
ms pfbmym
pfbmymama
ama pfhfrc
pfhfrcdsm
dsmma
ma dfnmhc
dfnmhcbma
bma gc Yusdf
Yusdfshm
shmss Zmcsmc
Zmcsmc tcgmd
tcgmd
hfhmgmc,
hfhmgmc, sfgmajdma
sfgmajdma =< ceu nmhcb bmcaaym
bmcaaym hfrmsm emnwm lmscbctms pfbmymama
pfbmymama
pfhfrcdsmma dfnmhcbma gc Yusdfshms Zmcsmc sugmn
s ugmn `udup hfhmgmc.
hfhmgmc . Pftfbmn
gcbmdu
gcbmdudma
dma ukc ncpotf
ncpotfscs
scs gfajma
gfajma hftogf
hftogf @n
@ncc Pq
Pqum
umrf
rf gfajma gfrmkmt tcajdmt
dfhmdamma 9,96 (ν86%), gcpfrobfn acbmc p sfefsmr 9.95:9< (p
p29,96).
29,96). Gfajma
gf
gfhc
hcdc
dcma
ma tfrg
tfrgmp
mpmt
mt nu
nueu
euaj
ajma
ma ym
ymaj
aj ef
efrh
rhmd
mdam
am ma
matm
tmrm
rm lm
lmscb
scbct
ctms
ms pf
pfbm
bmym
ymam
ama
a
dfsfnmtma gfajma duakuajma MA@ (D7) gc Yusdfshms Zmcsmc Dmeupmtfa
Umkm Mhpmt.

55
7.
7.5
5 Yfhe
Yfhemn
mnms
msma
ma
Ymgm pfafbctcma cac tfrgmpmt 09 ormaj ceu nmhcb ymaj hfakmgc rfspoagfa
uatu
uatud
d hfa`
hfa`mr
mrcc tmnu
tmnu lm
lmdt
dtor
or-l
-lmd
mdto
torr mp
mpmm sm
smkm
km ymaj
ymaj ef
efrp
rpfa
fajm
jmru
run
n gm
gmbm
bmh
h
dftc
dftcgm
gmds
dsfs
fsum
umcm
cma
a matm
matmrm
rm duak
duakua
uajm
jma
a D= gm
gma
a D7 gc Yusd
Yusdfs
fshm
hmss Zmcs
Zmcsmc
mc
Dmeupmtfa
Dmeupmtfa Umkm Mhpmt.
Mhpmt. Wfrgmpmt
Wfrgmpmt fhpmt ncpotfscs
ncpotfscs ymaj gcmajjmp
gcmajjmp sfemjmc
sfemjmc
lmdtor-lmdtor pfayfeme dftcgmdsfsumcma tfrsfeut, ymctu tcajdmt pfagcgcdma ceu
nmhcb, tcajdmt pfajftmnuma ceu nmhcb hfajfamc MA@, guduajma gmrc pcnmd
dfbumrjm ceu nmhcb
nmhcb gma kujm lmscbctms pfbmymama dfsfnmtma .
Gmrc
Gmrc tmef
tmefbb 5 gc mtms,
mtms, gm
gmpm
pmtt gcdf
gcdftm
tmnu
nucc em
emnw
nwmm sftfb
sftfbmn
mn gc
gcbm
bmdu
dudm
dma
a uk
ukcc
ncpo
ncpotf
tfscs
scs gf
gfaj
ajma
ma hfto
hftogf
gf @nc Pqumrf gc
gcpf
pfro
robf
bfn
n acbmc
acbmc p sf
sfef
efsmr
smr 9.
9.95
9535
35
(p29,96).
p29,96). Gfajma gfhcdcma tfrgmpmt nueuajma ymaj efrhmdam matmrm tcajdmt
pfagcgcdma ceu nmhcb gfajma duakuajma D= pmgm uscm dfnmhcbma 259 hcajju
gc Yusdfshms Zmcsmc Dmeupmtfa Umkm Mhpmt. Nmb cac sfsumc gfajma ncpotfscs
mwmb
mwmb em
emnw
nwmm tcaj
tcajdm
dmtt pf
pfag
agcg
cgcd
cdma
ma ce
ceu
u nm
nmhc
hcbb smajm
smajmtt ef
efrn
rnue
ueua
uajm
jma
a gf
gfaj
ajma
ma
du
duak
akua
uajm
jma
a pf
pfhf
hfrc
rcds
dsmm
mma
a df
dfnm
nmhc
hcbm
bma
a pf
pfrtm
rtmhm
hm sf
sfor
orma
maj
j ce
ceu
u nm
nmhc
hcbb gc us
uscm
cm
dfnmhcbma
dfnmhcbma 259 hcajju,
hcajju, hfaurut Mstutc,
Mstutc, gdd (59=:), sfhmdca tcajjc
tcajjc tcajdmt
tcajdmt
pfagcgcdma hmdm sfhmdca emcd pfafrchmma calorhmsc tfatmaj dfnmhcbma
gfajma
gfajma rfscdo
rfscdo sfncaj
sfncajjm
jm mdma
mdma sfhmdc
sfhmdca
a hfagud
hfagudua
uaj
j upmym
upmym pfajfa
pfajfagmb
gmbcma
cma
dfnmhcbma
dfnmhcbma gfajma rfscdo
rfscdo pmgm sumtu gmfrmn.
gmfrmn. Wcajdmt
Wcajdmt pfagcgcdm
pfagcgcdma
a kujm gmpmt
hfhpfajmrunc dfhmhpuma gma pfajftmnuma sfsformaj gmbmh hfafrmpdma
pfrcbmdu ncgup sfnmt. =
Nmbb cac
Nm cac kuj
kujm sf
sfkm
kmbm
bma
a gfajm
fajma
a pfa
fafb
fbct
ctcm
cma
a Aurm
Aurmfa
facc (5
(59=
9=<)
<) ym
ymaj
aj
hfajfhudmama emnwm ceu nmhcb ymaj hfhcbcdc tcajdmt pfagcgcdma tcajjc
gma
gma pfaj
pfajft
ftmn
mnum
uma
a ymaj
ymaj emcd
emcd `fag
`fagfr
frua
uaj
j ua
uatu
tud
d bf
bfec
ecn
n hfhf
hfhfrc
rcds
dsmd
mdma
ma
dfnmhcbmaay
dfnmhcbmaaymm gmrc pmgm ceu ymaj pfagcgcdma
pfagcgcdma rfagmn
rfagmn gma efrpfajftmnuma
efrpfajftmnuma
ymaj durmaj.
Gmrc
Gmrc tmef
tmefbb 0 gc mtms,
mtms, gm
gmpm
pmtt gcdf
gcdftm
tmnu
nucc em
emnw
nwmm sftfb
sftfbmn
mn gc
gcbm
bmdu
dudm
dma
a uk
ukcc
ncpotf
ncpotfscs
scs gfajma
gfajma hftogf
hftogf @nc Pqumrf,
Pqumrf, gcp
gcpfro
frobfn
bfn acbmc
acbmc p sfef
sfefsmr
smr 9.999=
9.999=95
95
(p29,96).
p29,96). Gfajma gfhcdcma tfrgmpmt nueuajma ymaj efrhmdam matmrm tcajdmt
pfajftmnuma ceu nmhcb gfajma duakuajma D= pmgm uscm dfnmhcbma 259
hcajju gc Yusdfshms Zmcsmc Dmeupmtfa Umkm Mhpmt. Nmb cac sfsumc gfajma
ncpotfscs mwmb emnwm tcajdmt pfajftmnuma ceu nmhcb hfajfamc MA@ smajmt

50
efrnueuajma gfajma duakuajma pfhfrcdsmma dfnmhcbma pfrtmhm sformaj ceu
nmhc
nmhcbb gc uscm
uscm dfnm
dfnmhc
hcbm
bma
a 259
259 hcaj
hcajju
ju.. Hfau
Hfauru
rutt Aoto
Aotomt
mtho
hogk
gko
o (5
(59=
9=9)
9),,
Yfaj
Yfajftm
ftmnu
numa
ma hfru
hfrupm
pmdm
dma
a ca
cagc
gcdm
dmto
torr sf
sfsfo
sform
rmaj
aj gm
gmbm
bmh
h hfbm
hfbmdu
dudm
dma
a sumt
sumtu
u
tcagmdma, kcdm sfsformaj gcgmsmrc gfajma pfajftmnuma ymaj emcd tfrnmgmp

df
dfsfn
sfnmt
mtma
ma hmdm
hmdm or
orma
maj
j tfrsf
tfrsfeu
eutt md
mdma
ma hfhm
hfhmnmnmhc
hc pf
pfat
atca
caja
jaym
ym hfak
hfakmjmjmm
dfsfnmtma gma hfhotcvmsc gcrc uatud gcmpbcdmscdma gmbmh dfncgupmaaym.=6
Gmrc tmefb 7 gc mtms, gmpmt gcdftmnuc
gcdftmnuc emnwm sftfbmn gcbmdudma
gcbmdudma ukc ncpotfscs
ncpotfscs
gf
gfaj
ajma
ma hftogf
hftogf @nc Pqumrf
Pqumrf,, gcpf
gcpfro
robf
bfn
n ac
acbm
bmcc p sfe
sfefsmr
fsmr 9.997=
9.997=:
: (p
p29,96).
29,96).
Gfaj
Gfajma
ma gf
gfhc
hcdc
dcma
ma tfrg
tfrgmp
mpmt
mt nu
nueu
euaj
ajma
ma ym
ymaj
aj ef
efrh
rhmd
mdam
am ma
matm
tmrm
rm gu
gudu
duaj
ajma
ma
dfbumr
dfbumrjm
jm ceu nmhcb
nmhcb gfajma
gfajma duakua
duakuajma
jma MA@ (D7) gc Yusdfs
Yusdfshms
hms Zmcsmc
Zmcsmc
Dmeu
Dmeupm
pmtf
tfa
a Umkm
Umkm Mhpm
Mhpmt.
t. Nmb
Nmb ca
cacc sf
sfsu
sumc
mc gf
gfaj
ajma
ma nc
ncpo
potf
tfscs
scs mwmb
mwmb em
emnw
nwmm
gu
gudu
duaj
ajma
ma gm
gmrc
rc pcnm
pcnmd
d df
dfbu
bumr
mrjm
jm md
mdma
ma smajm
smajmtt hfhp
hfhpfa
fajm
jmru
runc
nc du
duak
akua
uajm
jma
a
pfhfrcdsmma sformaj ceu nmhcb gmrc D= ncajjm pfrsmbcama, hfaurut Fllfagy

(=33
(=33>)
>),, gudu
guduajajma
ma dfbu
dfbumr
mrjm
jm hfaj
hfajjm
jmhe
hemr
mrdm
dma
a sf
sfpf
pfrm
rmaj
ajdm
dmtt pf
pfrc
rcbm
bmdu
du
catfrpfrsoamb, sclmt, dfjcmtma ymaj efrnueuajma gfajma cagcvcgu gmbmh poscsc
gma sctumsc tfrtfatu, sfgmajdma hfaurut ZNO Dfbumrjm hfrupmdma smbmn smtu
gftfrh
gftfrhcama
cama soscmb
soscmb dfsfnm
dfsfnmtma
tma gchmam
gchmam dfbumr
dfbumrjm
jm mgmbmn
mgmbmn bcajdu
bcajduajm
ajma
a ncgup
ncgup
sfsformaj ymaj smajmt efrpfajmrun gmbmh hfhefatud pfrcbmdu sfsformaj.
Dfnm
Dfnmhc
hcbm
bma
a sfrca
sfrcaj
j hfhe
hfheum
umtt sforma
sformaj
j wmac
wmactm
tm tf
tfrt
rtfd
fdma
ma dm
dmrfa
rfamm gc
gcmm nm
nmru
russ
hfajuemn jmym ncgupaym gma sfrcaj nmrus hfhcdcrdma sfrceu hm`mh nmb
gmbmh
gmbmh wmdtu
wmdtu ymaj
ymaj efrsmh
efrsmhmma
mma.. Emaymd
Emaymd nmb ecsm
ecsm hfheum
hfheumtay
taymm lrustms
lrustmscc gma
pua`md gmrc sfhum ctu mgmbmn gcm nmrus hfajmbmhc dftcgmdaymhmama emcd
sf`mrm lcscd hmupua fhoscoamb efrdmctma gfajma pfruemnma tueunaym gma
kujm fhoscaym ymaj sfrcaj amcd-turua. Ymgm hmsm tfrsfeut, dfbumrjm ymaj
hfrupm
hfrupmdma
dma dohpoa
dohpoafa
fa tfrgfd
tfrgfdmt
mt emjc
emjc ceu nmhcb
nmhcb smajmt
smajmt gceutu
gceutundm
ndma
a gmbmh
gmbmh
hfaguduaj hmsm subct smaj ceu. 6,==
Wfrmdncr, gmrc tmefb 6 gc mtms, gmpmt gcdftmnuc emnwm sftfbmn gcbmdudma ukc
ncpo
ncpotf
tfscs
scs gf
gfaj
ajma
ma hfto
hftogf
gf @nc Pqumrf
Pqumrf,, gc
gcpf
pfro
robf
bfn
n ac
acbm
bmcc p sfe
sfefsmr
fsmr 9.95:9
9.95:9<
<
(p29,96).
p29,96). Gfajma gfhcdcma tfrgmpmt nueuajma ymaj efrhmdam matmrm lmscbctms
pfbmymama dfsfnmtma gfajma duakuajma MA@ (D7) gc Yusdfshms Zmcsmc
Dmeupm
Dmeupmtfa
tfa Umkm
Umkm Mhpmt.
Mhpmt. Nmb cac pua sfsumc gfajma
gfajma ncpotf
ncpotfscs
scs mwmb
mwmb ymctu
ymctu
lmscbct
lmscbctms
ms pfbmym
pfbmymama
ama dfsfnm
dfsfnmtma
tma pua turut
turut hfakmg
hfakmgcc lmdtor
lmdtor ymaj
ymaj mdma
mdma smajmt
smajmt

57
 hfhfaj
hfhfajmru
mrunc
nc duakua
duakuajma
jma pfhfrc
pfhfrcdsm
dsmma
ma sforma
sformaj
j ceu nmhcb
nmhcb gmrc
gmrc D= ncajjm
ncajjm
pfrsmbcama. Hfaurut tforc Jrffa
Jrff a (5996), pftujms dfsfnmtma efrtmajjuajkmwme
tfrnmgmp
tfrnmgmp dfsfnmtma
dfsfnmtma ceu nmhcb.
nmhcb. Guduajma
Guduajma pftujms dfsfnmtma efrupm tmaym
kmwme tfatmaj mpm ymaj gcrmsmdma ceu nmhcb, dmpma nmrus hfhcauh oemt gma

vctmhca,
vctmhca, dmpma
dmpma nmrus
nmrus hfbmdu
hfbmdudma
dma duakua
duakuajma
jma matfa
matfamtmb
mtmb `mrf (MA@),
(MA@), gma
hfhefrcdma pfayubunma pmgm ceu nmhcb sfrtm dfbumrjm tfatmaj pfatcajaym
duakuajma
duakuajma matfamtmb `mrf (MA@). Pcdmp pftujms gma lmscbctms dfsfnmtma gc
lmscbctms
lmscbctms pfbmymama
pfbmymama dfsfnmtma
dfsfnmtma hfhfajmrunc
hfhfajmrunc lrfdufasc duakuajma
duakuajma MA@ ceu
nmhcb.
nmhcb. Pfhmdc
Pfhmdca
a emcd
emcd scdmp
scdmp pftujm
pftujmss dfsfnm
dfsfnmtma
tma hmdm
hmdm sfhmdc
sfhmdca
a sfrcaj
sfrcaj pubm
pubm
sforma
sformaj
j ceu nmhcb
nmhcb hfajua
hfajuakua
kuajc
jc lmscbct
lmscbctms
ms dfsfnmt
dfsfnmtma
ma uatu
uatu hfhfrc
hfhfrcdsmd
dsmdma
ma
dfnmhcbmaaym.59

EME \
DFPCHYVBMA GMA PMUMA

6.= Dfschpubma

Efrgmsmrdma nmscb pfafbctcma gma pfhemnmsma pmgm eme C\, hmdm gmpmt
gctmrcd efefrmpm schpubma sfemjmc efrcdut ;

=. Mgm
Mgm nu
nueu
euaj
ajma
ma ymaj
ymaj efrhmd
efrhmdam
am matmr
matmrmm tcaj
tcajdm
dmtt pf
pfag
agcg
cgcd
cdma
ma ceu nmh
nmhcb
cb
gfaj
gfajma
ma duak
duakua
uajm
jma
a D= pmgm
pmgm uscm
scm df
dfnm
nmhc
hcbm
bma
a 259
259 hcaj
hcajju
ju gc
Yusdfshms Zmcsmc Dmeupmtfa Umkm Mhpmt ( p
p29,96).
29,96).
5. Mgm n
nueu
ueuaj
ajma
ma ymaj
ymaj efrhmd
efrhmdam
am matmrm
matmrm tcajdm
tcajdmtt pfajft
pfajftmnu
mnuma
ma ceu
ceu nmhcb
nmhcb
gfaj
gfajma
ma duak
duakua
uajm
jma
a D= pmgm
pmgm uscm
scm df
dfnm
nmhc
hcbm
bma
a 259
259 hcaj
hcajju
ju gc
Yusdfshms Zmcsmc Dmeupmtfa Umkm Mhpmt ( p
p29,96).
29,96).

0. Mgm
Mgm nu
nueu
euaj
ajma
ma ymaj
ymaj efrhmd
efrhmdam
am matmrm
matmrm gudua
guduajm
jma
a df
dfbu
bumr
mrjm
jm ceu nmhcb
nmhcb

56
 gfajma duakuajma MA@ (D7) gc Yusdfshms Zmcsmc Dmeupmtfa Umkm
Mhpmt (p29,96).
p29,96).
7. Mgm
Mgm nu
nueu
euaj
ajma
ma ymaj efrhm
efrhmda
damm ma
matm
tmrm
rm lm
lmscb
scbct
ctms
ms pfbmym
pfbmymam
ama
a df
dfsf
sfnm
nmtm
tma
a
gfajma duakuajma MA@ (D7) gc Yusdfshms Zmcsmc Dmeupmtfa Umkm

Mhpmt (p29,96).
p29,96).

6.5 Pmrma
=. Yfrbu
Yfrbu gcbmdudm
gcbmdudma
a pfheum
pfheumtma
tma bfmlbft
bfmlbft gma soscmbc
soscmbcsmsc
smsc hfajfam
hfajfamcc pfatca
pfatcajay
jaymm
hfbmdudma
hfbmdudma pfhfrcdsmm
pfhfrcdsmma
a matfamtmb `mrf gmrc D= ncajjm D7 gma emndma
ncajjm pfrsmbcama gc lmscbctms dfsfnmtma ymaj smhm, mjmr gmpmt hfamhemn
wmwm
wmwmsma
sma hmsy
hmsymr
mrmd
mdmt
mt gc wc
wcbmy
bmymn
mn df
dfrk
rkmm Yusd
Yusdfsh
fshms
ms Zmcsm
Zmcsmcc Dme.
Dme. Umkm
Umkm
Mhpmt.
5. Yfrbu
Yfrbu gcpfrscpd
gcpfrscpdma
ma lmscbctms
lmscbctms pfbmymam
pfbmymama
a dfsfnm
dfsfnmtma
tma ymaj hfhmgmc
hfhmgmc hcsmbaym
hcsmbaym

pfbmymama efrsmbca 57 kmh gc jfguaj pusdfshms gma rmwmt camp emjc

pmscfa efrsmbca mjmr hmsymrmdmt gc wcbmymn dfrkm Yusdfshms Zmcsmc ecsm
bfecn pfr`mym uatud hfbmdudma pfhfrcdsmma dfnmhcbma ncajjm D7 emndma
prosfs pfrsmbcama.

Gmltmr Yustmdm

=. Mstut
stutc,
c, G. Y. W., & Pmrc
Pmrc,, D., D. M. (59=
(59=:). Wca
Wcajd
jdmt
mt Yfaj
Yfajft
ftmn
mnum
uma
a gm
gma
a

Yfrcbmdu Matfamtmb @mrf Ceu Nmhcb tfrnmgmp Dfnmhcbma gfajma Ucscdo gc

Zcbmymn Dfrkm VYW Yusdfshms C Afjmrm Dmeupmtfa Kfhermam Wmnua

59=<. KurambLmdubtms Dfgodtfrma Vacvfrsctms Vgmymam,

Vgmymam, <(<) ; =‐3.

5. Gfpm
Gfpmrt
rtfh
fhfa
fa Dfsfn
Dfsfnmt
mtma
ma Ufpue
Ufpuebc
bcd
d Cagoa
Cagoafsc
fscmm (5993
(5993)) tfatma
tfatmaj
j pfhem
pfhemjc
jcma
ma

uhur ceu nmhcb efrgmsmrdma dmtfjorc efrcscdo gma tcgmd efrcscdo.

0. Gfpd
Gfpdfs
fs Uc,
Uc, 59=9
59=9 =0
=0 Kubc.
Kubc. @mdu
@mdupm
pma
a Yfbmy
Yfbmyma
mama
ma Dfsfn
Dfsfnmtm
mtma
a Matfa
Matfamtm
mtmbb gma

Chuacsmsc Wftmaus Wodxocg Dfpmgm Ceu.

nttp;//www.gfpdfs.jo.cg/gowabomgsoabcaf.

5<
7. Gnfv
Gnfvy,
y, L. A.
A.,, &Mul
&Mulmr
mrub
ub,, H. (59=:
(59=:).
). Chpbf
Chpbfhf
hfat
atms
mscc Yr
Yroj
ojrm
rmh
h Dfsf
Dfsfnm
nmtm
tma
a

Ceu gma Mamd Ecgmaj Yfbmymama Matfamtmb @mrf gma Aclms gc Yusdfshms

Emagmrnmrko Dotm Pfhmrmaj.Gfpmrtfhfa Mghcacstrmsc Yuebcd Lmdubtms

Cbhu Poscmb Gma Cbhu Yobctcd Vacvfrsctms Gcpoafjoro, <(7) ; =-=>

6. Fllfagy, G. A. (=33>). Gmsmr-gmsmr dfpfrmwmtma
dfpfr mwmtma dfsfnmtma hmsymrmdmt

(Dfgum).Kmdmrtm; Yfafrect Eudu Dfgodtfrma FJ@

<. Lm
Lmcs
cs,, H. Pmtr
Pmtrcm
cmaf
afjm
jmrm
rm,, Pctt
Pcttcc Pm
Pmbf
bfnm
nm,, 59
5993
93,, Eudu
Eudu Mkmr
Mkmr Orjma
Orjmacs
csms
mscc gm
gma
a

Hmamkfhfa
Hmamkfhfa Yfbmymama
Yfbmymama Dfsfnmtma
Dfsfnmtma sfrtm Dfecgmama,
Dfecgmama, Pmbfhem
Pmbfhem hfgcdm,
hfgcdm,

Kmdmrtm

:. Lc
Lctr
trmy
myfa
fac,
c, gdd.
gdd. (59=6)
(59=6).. Yfayf
Yfayfem
eme
e Ufagm
Ufagmna
naym
ym Dfbfa
Dfbfajd
jdmp
mpma
ma Duaku
Duakuaj
ajma
ma

Matfamtmb
Matfamtmb @mrf Ceu Nmhcb Gc Zcbmymn
Zcbmymn Dfrkm Yusdfshm
Yusdfshmss Yfjmhecrma.
Yfjmhecrma.

Kuramb Dfsfnmtma Hmsymrmdmt Vacvfrsctms Magmbms, =9(=) ; =9=-=9

>. Nmac
Nmac V.,
V., Kcmrtc
Kcmrtc Duse
Dusema
magc
gcym
ymn,
n, Hmrkc
Hmrkcma
matc
tc,, Uctm
Uctm Subclm
Subclmn,
n, 59
59=9
=9,, Dfnmh
Dfnmhcb
cbma
ma

Lcscobojcs, Pmbfhem hfgcdm, Kmdmrtm

3. Dfcatkfh, L .,
., & Bosu, L. (59
(59=6). Lmdtor‐Lmdtor Smaj Efrnueuajma

Gfajma Hotcvmsc Ceu Nmhcb Hfbmdudma Duakuajma Matfamtmb @mrf Gc

Yusdfshms Dmugctma Df`mhmtma Dmugctma Dmeupmtfa Hcamnmsm

Vtmrm.Kuramb
Vtmrm.Kuramb Cbhcmn Ecgma
Ecgma,, Yobctfdacd
Yobctfdacd Dfsfnmtma
Dfsfnmtma Dfhfasdfs
Dfhfasdfs Hmamgo,
Hmamgo,

5(5), 07‐79

=9. Dfhfatfrcma Dfsfnmtma UC. (59=<). Yfgohma Vhuh Yrojrmh Cagoafscm

Pfnmt gfa
gfajma
jma Yfagfd
Yfagfdmtm
mtma
a Dfbumr
Dfbumrjm
jm.. Dfhfat
Dfhfatfrcm
frcma
a Dfsfnm
Dfsfnmtma
tma UC.

Uftrcfvfg lroh

nttp;//www.gfpdfs.jo.cg/mrtc`bf/vcfw/=:9:9:99997/projrmh-cagoafscm-

sfnmt-gfajma-pfagfdmtma-dfbumrjm.nthb

5:
==
==.. Bmd
mdso
soao
ao,, M. G.,
G., & Um`nh
Um`nhmw
mwmt
mtc,
c, W. (59
(59=0
=0).
). Wmat
Wmatmajm
majma
a Gftfrhcama
Gftfrhcama

Poscmb Dfsfnmtma Ceu gma Mamd gc Cagoafscm.Soj

Cagoafscm.Sojymd
ymdmrt
mrtmm ; Yfafre
Yfafrect
ct

Dmacscus

=5. Bfclfr. (599>). Hmtfracty Aurscaj ; Ma Catrogu`tory Wfxt == Fgctcoa.

Vactfg

=0.
=0. Hmrg
Hmrgcm
cmtu
tua,
a, G.
G.,, gdd
gdd.. (59
(59=6
=6).
). Wnf Ufbmtcoasncp ol matfamtmb @mrf Ncstory

mag
mag Bfvfb
Bfvfb ol Croa
Croa @oas
@oasuh
uhpt
ptco
coa
a wctn
wctn Ca
Ca`cg
`cgfa
fa`f
`f ol Hmba
Hmbaut
utrct
rctco
coa
a mt

Yrfjamat Zohfa ca Zfst Ausm Wfajjmrm mag Kokmdmrtm ((Mgvma`fs

Mgvma`fs Gmtm

Mambyscs Nfmbtn Ufsfmr`n 59=0).

59=0). Eubftca
Eubftca Yfafbctcma
Yfafbctcma Pcstfh Dfsfnmtma
Dfsfnmtma ‐

Hmbautrctcoa, =>(0), 55=‐55>

=7. Hutcmrm. P., G. (59=7). Nueuajma Guduajma Dfbumrjm tfrnmgmp

Lrfdufasc Duakuajma Matfamtmb @mrf pmgm Dohuactms Ceu Pbuh Mrfm

Dfburmnma Pfbmpmkmaj Kmym Dotm Wmajfrmaj. Lmdubtms Dfgodtfrma gma

Cbhu Dfsfnmtma VCA Pymrcl Ncgmymtubbmn Kmdmrtm

=6. Aotomthogko, P. (59

(59=9). Cbhu Yfrcbmdu Dfsfnmtma.
Dfsfnmtma. Kmd
Kmdmr
mrtm
tm ; Ucaf
Ucafdf
df

@cptm.

=<. Actm,
Actm, \. (59=:
(59=:).
). Lm`tor
Lm`torss Msso`cm
Msso`cmtfg
tfg Zctn
Zctn Lrfquf
Lrfqufa`y
a`y ol \csct
\csctss Matfamt
Matfamtmb
mb

@mrf (MA@) ca Sojymdmrtm Yrovca`f Hfrjmasma Yuebc` Nfmbtn @fatrf ca

59=7.Kuramb Hfgcdm Ufspmtc Vacvfrsctms Ufspmtc Sojymdmrtm,=5(=)

Sojymdmrtm,=5(=) ; <:-

=90.

=:. Aurmfac. W. (59=<). Mambcscs Lmdtor ymaj Efrnueuajma gfajma

Ufagmnaym Duakuajma (D7) Ceu Nmhcb gc Yusdfshms Emheu Mpus,

Kmdmrtm Wchur. Lmdubtms Dfsfnmtma Hmsymrmdmt Vacvfrsctms Zcrmbogrm

5>
=>. Yfgohm
Yfgohma
a Yfbmy
Yfbmymam
mama
a Matfa
Matfamtm
mtmbb Wfrpmg
Wfrpmgu
u .(59=
.(59=9)
9) Gcrfdt
Gcrfdtorm
ormtt Kfagrm
Kfagrmbb Ecam
Ecam

Jczc gma DCM Dfhfatrcma Dfsfnmtma Ufpuebcd Cagoafscm, Kmdmrtm

=3
=3.. Yfgo
Yfgohm
hma
a Yfbm
Yfbmym
ymam
ama
a Matf
Matfam
amtm
tmb.
b. 599:
599: Gc
Gcrfd
rfdto
torm
rmtt Kf
Kfag
agrm
rmbb Ecam
Ecam Jczc gma

DCM Dfhfatrcma Dfsfnmtma Ufpuebcd Cagoafscm, Kmdmrtm

59. Um`nhm
Um`nhmwmt
wmtc,
c, M. C., Yusp
Yuspctm
ctmsmrc
smrc,, U. G., & @macm,
@macm, F. (59=:
(59=:).
). Lmdtor
Lmdtor Lmdto
Lmdtorr

Smaj
Smaj Hfhf
Hfhfaj
ajmr
mrun
uncc Duak
Duakua
uajm
jma
a Matf
Matfam
amtm
tmbb @mrf
@mrf (MA@
(MA@)) Ce
Ceu
u Nmhc
Nmhcbb .

Lmdubtms Dfgodtfrma Vacvfrsctms Bmhpuaj,:(=) ; :5-:<

5=. Ucmuwc
Ucmuwc,, N., H., gdd.
gdd. (59=0)
(59=0).. Flfdtcv
Flfdtcvctms
ctms Yfagcg
Yfagcgcdm
cdma
a Dfsfnmtm
Dfsfnmtma
a gfajma
gfajma

Yfafrmpma
Yfafrmpma Wnf Nfmbtn Efbcfl Hogfb Wfrnmgmp Yfajftmnuma
Yfajftmnuma Dfbumrjm

Wfatmaj Gcmrf.Kuramb
Gcmrf.Kuramb Cbhu Dfpfrmwmtma Vacvfrsctms Ucmu,
Ucmu , =(5), =‐3

55
55.. Pmclu
mclugg
ggca
ca,, M. E.
E. (59=
(59=7)
7).. Eudu
E udu M`uma Amscoamb. Kmdmrtm; Smymsma Ecam

Yustmdm Pmrwoao Yrmwcronmmrgko

50. Pftcmwmtc, G. (59=0). Dfnmhcbma gma Yfhfrcdsmma

Dfnmhcbma..
Dfnmhcbma Hmdm
Hmdmss
ssmr
mr;M
;Mbm
bmug
uggc
gca
a Va
Vacv
cvfr
frsc
scty
ty Yrf
Yrfss
ss

57
57.. Pybv
ybvcmac
cmaca
ajscn
jscn.. (5
(59
9=<).
=<). Lmdtor-Lmdtor ymaj Hfhpfajmrunc Duakuajma

Yfhfrcdsmma Dfnmhcbma (D7) pmgm Ceu Nmhcb gc Zcbmymn Dfrkm

Yusdfshms Dumbm Efnf Dmbchmatma Emrmt. Lmdubtms

DfgodtfrmaVacvfrsctms Vgmymam

56. Subymac, B. (59=:). Lmdtor-

mdtor-Lmdto
Lmdtorr Smaj Efrnueuaj
Efrnueuajma
ma Gfajma
Gfajma

Duakuajma D7 Ymgm Ceu Nmhcb Gc Yusdfshms Gmaurfkma C Dotm

Sojymdmrtm. Lmdubtms Cbhu Dfsfnmtma Vacvfrsctms Mcsycymn Sojymdmrtm

53
 Bmhpcrma
Ducscoafr Hcac Yrokf`t Godtfr Catfrasncp

Wmajjmb/Eubma/Wmnua;
=. Amhm ;
5. Vscm Ceu ;
0. Vscm Dfnmhcbma ;
7. Dfnmhcbma df- ;
6. Mbmhmt Bfajdmp ;

UW/UZ; Dfburmnma;

<. Kmrmd Uuhmn df pusdfshms ;

:. Yfagcgcdma Wfrmdncr ;

AO Yfrtmaymma Sm Wcgmd Mbmsma

= Mpm
pmdm
dmn
n mag
magm hf
hfaajftm
jftmnu
nucc tfat
tfatma
maj
j dua
uaku
kuaj
ajma
ma
pfhfrcdsmma pfrtmhm dmbc uscm dfnmhcbma 259
hcajju?
5 Mpmdmn magm hfbmdudma duakuajma
pfhfrcdsmma pfrtmhm dmbc pmgm uscm dfnmhcbma
259 hcajju
hcajju gc Yusdf
Yusdfshm
shmss Zmcsmc
Zmcsmc?? Kcdm
Kcdm gmd,
gmd,
efrcdma mbmsmaaym.

09
0 Mpm
pmdm
dmn
n dfdfbu
bumr
mrjm
jm hfhefhefrfrcd
cdma
ma smrmrma
ma/a
/ams
msfn
fnm
mt
dfpmgm magm sfbmhm hmsm dfnmhcbma?
7 Mpmd
Mpmdmn
mn dfb
dfbum
umrj
rjmm hfh
hfhef efrc
rcdm
dma
a dfef
dfefem
emsm
smaa gmbm
gmbmhh
hfhcb
hf hcbcn
cn lmscbc
lmscbctms
tms pfb
pfbmym
mymama
ama dfsfnm
dfsfnmtma
tma uatud
uatud
hfhfrcdsmdma dfnmhcbma gma hfbmncrdma? Kcdm
gmd, efrcdma mbmsmaaym.
6 Mpmd
Mpmdmn
mn pft
pftuj
ujms
ms ddfs
fsfn
fnmt
mtma
ma ((ec
ecgm
gma)
a) hfh
hfhef efrc
rcdm
dma
a
calorhmsc tfatmaj dfsfnmtma ceu nmhcb?
< Mpmdmn pftujms dfsfnmtma (Ecgma)
hfafrmajdma tfatmaj pfaajaym pfhfrcdsmma
dfnmhcbma ncajjm Duakuajma df 7?
: Mpmd
Mpmdmn
mn pf
pftu
tujm
jmss dfs
dfsfn
fnmt
mtma
ma h hfa
fajca
jcajm
jmtd
tdma
ma mag
magmm
kmgwmb pfhfrcdsmma dfnmhcbma
dfnmhcbma sfbmakutaym?
> Mpmdmn magm mdma hfbmdudma duakuajma
pfhfrcdsmma dfnmhc
mhcbma efrcdutaym gc
Yusdfshms Zmcsmc? Kcdm gmd, efrcdma
mbmsmaaym.
3 Mpmdmn lmscbctms pfbmymama pfhfrcdsmma
dfnmhcbma gc pusdfshms Zmcsmc hfhmgmc? Kcdm
gmd efrcdma mbmsmaaym.

=9 Mpmdmn magm efrfa`mam hfbmncrdma gc

pusdfshms Zmcsmc? Kcdm gmd, efrcdma
mbmsmaaym.

0=