786 Chapter 7 Additional Topics in Trigonometry DEFINITIONS AND CONCEPTS EXAMPLES Ex.7,p.167 1. A vector with magnitude ly and direction angle @ the angle that ¥ makes with the positive x-axis, can be Ex.8,p. 768; expressed in terms of ts magnitude and direction angle as Ex.9, p. 768 v= |v| cos@i + |v] sin gj. REVIEW EXERCISES 7.4 and 7.2 {In Exercises 1~12, solve each tangle. Round lengths o the nearest fenth and angle measures 1o the nearest degree. If no triangle exists, state “no triangle.” If two triangles exist, solve each triangle. 1 A=10,8=55,a=12 Wc = 126 =, 17,6 35) Wa 1 C= 50, 8 A= 167,6 = 112,0 = 482 9. a = 26.1,b = 40.2, ¢ = 365 10. = 40,0 i B=37 12, A= 23,0 = 543,b = 2 In Exercises 13-16, find the area of the triangle having the given ‘measurements. Round tothe nearest square uni. IA C= 4,0 = 4 feet, b = 6 feet 1A. A = 22,6 = Afeet,c = 5 feet meters, b = 4 meters, ¢ = S meters 2meters, b = 2 meters, c = 2 meters 17. The A-frame cabin shown below is 35 feet wide. The root of the cabin makes a 60° angle with the cabin’s base. Find the length of one side of the roof from its ground level to the peak. Round to the nearest tenth of a foot, 18, Twocars leave acity atthe same time and travel along straight highways that differ in direction by 80°. One car averages 60 miles per hour and the other averages S0 miles per hour. How far apart will the cars be ater 30 minutes? Round to the nearest tenth of a mile.788 Chapter 7 Additional Topics in Trigonometry In Exercises 71-75, use DeMoivre’s Theorem 1o find the indicated power of the complex number Write answers in rectangular form. 71, [2(c08 20° + isin 20°F Th, [A(cos 50° + isin SOP 14. (1 78. (-2 - 208 {In Exercises 76-77, find all the complex roots. Write roots in polar form with in degrees. 76. The complex square roots of 49(¢0s 50° + isin SO") 1. The complex cube roots of 125(cos 165° + isin 165") In Exercises 78-81, find all the complex roots. Write roots in rectangular form. 78, The complex fourth roots of 1 79. The complex cube roots of 81 80. The complex cube roots of 1 81. The complex fifth roots of ~1 ~ / 2 + 1sn22) on™ ian 76 {In Exercises 82-84, sketch each vector as a position vector and find fas magnitude. 8 v= 31-4 v= 51-2 4 y= ~3 {In Exercises 85-86, let v be the vector from intial point Py 10 terminal point Py, Write ¥ in verms of tana j (4-1), Pr = (5-3) 3.0), P= (2-2) In Exercises 87-90, let Sj and Find each specified vector or scalar 2+ 7). wvtw 8 way 89. 6y ~ 3w 90. |-2v]) {In Exercises 91-92, find the unit vector that has the same direction 4 the vectorv v= 8-6) 2 v= 142} 93. The magnitude and direction angle of v are |v|| = 12 and @ = 64. Express v in terms ofjandj. 94, The magnitude and direction of two forces acting on an object are 100 pounds, N25°E, and 200 pounds, N80°E, respectively. Find the magnitude to the nearest pound, and the direction angle, to the nearest tenth of a degree, of the resultant force. 98. Your boat is moving at a speed of 15 miles per hour at an angle of 25° upstream on a river flowing at 4 miles per hour. ‘The situation is illustrated in the figure below. I oe [Beare apd: 5 iy Taree | ti othe ond 1, Find the vector representing your boat's velocity relative to the ground. 'b. What is the speed of your boat, to the nearest mile per hhour, relative to the ground?” ‘&. What is the boat's direction angle, to the nearest tenth of a degree, relative to the ground?19, Two airplanes leave an airport at the same time on different runways, One lies on a bearing of N66.5°W at 325 miles per hhour. The other airplane flies on a bearing of $26.°W at 300 miles per hour. How far apart will the airplanes be after two hours? 20, The figure shows three roads that intersect to bound a triangular piece of land, Find the lengths of the other two sides ofthe land to the nearest foot 21. A commercial piece of real estate i priced at $5.25 per square foot. Find the cost, to the nearest dollar, of a triangular lot ‘measuring 260 feet by 320 feet by 450 feet. 7.3 and 7.4 {In Exercises 22-27, plot each point in polar coordinates and find its rectangular coordinates 22, (4,60") 23. (3,150) Se 2 (aa) ome An Exercises 28-30, plot each point in polar coordinates. Then find ‘inother representation (7,0) oft padnt in which a. r> 0,20 <0<4n, br <0,0<0<2n, 61> 0-27 <0<0, a(s3) = (3) = (53) In Exercises 31-36, the rectangular coordinates of a point are given. Find polar coordinates of eack point 3h 4,4) 32. (,-3) 33. 6,12) 3.4) 38. 0.-5) 6. (1,0) In Exercises 37-39, convert each rectangular equation toa polar ‘equation thai expresses rin terms of. 31 2k + 3y=8 B+ y= 100 B(x - 6 +? = 36 In Exercises 40-46, convert each polar equation to a rectangular equation. Then use your knowledge of the rectangular equation to ‘graph the polar equation in a polar coordinate system. ferns aon rout tara set tira seme sea rind =8 46. 7? sin 26 ‘Summary, Review, and Test 787 In Exercises 47-49, test for symmetry with respect 0 the polar axis. b. theline® the pole. Ml r= 5 + 3.088 48, r= 3sind #9. P= 90828 {In Exercises 50-56, graph each polar equation. Be sure to test for symmetry. 50, r= 3c088 SL r=2+2sino 82. r= sin20 SR r= 2+ cos8 S4r=1+3sind 8 r= 1-2cosd $6. 7? = cos 28 75 In Exercises 57-60, plot each complex number. Then write the ‘complex number in polar form. You may express the argument in degrees or radians. Sh1-i 58, -2V3 + 21 59, 3-41 60, -Si In Exercises 61-64, write each complex number in rectangular form. If necessary, round to the nearest tenth 61. 8(c08 60" + isin 60") 62, 4(cos 210° + isin 210°) 68, (cos + isin2Z) 64, 06(c08 10" + isin 1007) In Exercises 65-67, find the product of the complex numbers. Leave answers in polar form. eed a + i) £2 = S(cos 70° + isin 70°) fact + 110 jee shane 6 e=a(ou + in? as 1(c08 {In Exercises 68-70, find the quotient = of the complex numbers. Leave answers in polar form. 2 6% z, = 10{cos 10° + isin 10°) 22 = S(cos S* + isin) @. o.=5(oa%? + 1in!2) ave (oe + 1a) Sa eo Se m 1.=2(co% + sn’) 22 = cos + isin 2 2FCimeree REViEW |. Sorveé EACH TRIANGLE \__ Y_ OU AS dor 6-520 oe 2 THIS is A AAS TRIANGLE L Noflce you wave = & ID na Sin(Aal © sin( Fo) v Las of sme > & 6 c Sin(a\ Seal) Sine ALSO go = At BtC JS” 180- Fo-s3=0@ 18 = FOSStS 5I-c Oo b sin(y) —- Sin(B) mos 8S ye sinls2”) sinQto) = Sin (53°) 6in (40°) (0.4399) by & 1D Now solve for @, use ~ 67440 VHE G(VEN WFORMATION INSTEAD OF b, BECAUSE You MAY WAVE MAKE A MG TAKE.a _ © yy Ce 12 sin (SP) sin) Sin) sin (40°) eS Cw (f.410 sin(#) — sin(s3°) 2 T ¢ TRANELE @ 2B be, azlt, = 2 THIs [5 4 SAS é QeErone You START TAKE A Look a te Ae wie BE GREATER THAN ANqce ©USE THe Law OF CosINE, ae URE Bho OF soot p= dee - Lac (os(B) IT HAve ALL CHECKS 7 v ON THE QiGHT Sipe. THIS 16 WHY T CAN use THis FoRmuLn. b= ata et_ 2 (aayli2) cos (66) Pm 2994 144 — 40g (0.407) B= 266.44 b & 16.34 LAw OF Sine pee aw ——— = OS OWE Ldnnown 00D T GO} sin(®) Sin(a) v z . oe) w34 = sin(A) = panies sinlos) din (A) sin (A) Ons: SiGe sin'(0.95) At HB Finp C => 1802 AtBt® => 1Bo= B.874 be te 180 -P8- Le =O => Ce 47,2°- ® n= bsin(ay h= le34 sin (71.8) hx 15, 52 Gt & = |G. se ph tlS.82 eae oe ia => ONF TRIANGLE a = 68 => TRiance Aas DRAW TRIANGLE So IT Looe Close on B oto tHE TRye SCALE, + CW You curesuty use Law OF SINE? No No commete <6 of INEOR MATION 7 2x ax sm(e) Sine) mn 7 3 oinla a "CAN You NE? CuRREARLY USE LAW OF Coune ? NO No ComPLete set op INFORMATION — C= atthe —p as cos (Cc) Yu MEDAL on rw x KK THe Rus Me ota” — Late cos (ny x ov nv uv a& = Bt c* — 2c co3 (A) K v xv uveer CUD OU av \Bor Bstarte \Bo- 3S 2 FEO Waose Now EZ WAVE A ComPLETE SET To vse LAW OF SINE O05 oe. sine) sin (A oy in (A) 63 oS ¢ 68 sia Gs) — = => a- OO Sin (iw sin (as) rn (iz0) 6% 45 a 1. b + & __” Sine ~ sintB) —~ Sin(Ie) — Sin(as) aw 68 sin (2s) sin ie) lox 33.18 h = ledin (A) ho 33.18 5in (35) he 14 h SSS TRIANGLE c ANGqLé sites BKd WE ARE Finding Ae c (te a ye _ + Lalo cos (c) WE ARE Goop. DNLY vue vie x - THE ANGLE 15) Unknown 22 aa C*- a -lb = - Zab cos CO) CR ZZals = Cos (ec) (Ay (ee) = cos(C)ate ct Jab -\ a pct | atte *) Cog | (cos(C)) = Greiner ( 5h \) Cos ( eae Cx Cost ( tats ee we) \ 2¢ut) Ge) Cosle)= CK C05’ (- 0,137) » qt" oe ee ee Now You HAVE A ComPpLeTE SET. (eG Sin(\ sin (49.9) => use THE LAU OF SINE = — en a ARUN) 2 | GRAD) On va a ein (A) = _a_sin(e) = _t sin (43-4) Cc - 142 sin! (sin (A) aa six! ( Ant sin (94.9 sin 38) 142 Aw sin'(0.816) A% 54,7°C7 oe sin(Q “sin (B) OK v x sin(g)= © sins) 142 sin '(sin(8)) = Sink (2x0) Be sin‘ (0.46) RX 143 hz lo sin(A) = 66 Sin (54,4) he 534 h eeer @ te) : x= vcoslé)= 4 cos (60% = 4(K)FL Lebx y= (3,348) | Ye rsin(O)= 4 orn (60°) = 4M = 28@ (yo) = (4, F 8 x= rcos Co) = dees Ce “83 > =-4@)=2 yersin(®)= ~4ern CE 4 Eo ole low = (2,288) @® (rv, 0)= (2 =) : ,e)= (2. F = [ 2 w= vcos (6) = -2 «s(¥) 2 = 2(2)- 2 eu 2 (¥)- Be 28 fa laa -2sin() = - Ve Same AS co! \om= Ce.) @) (eyy= C44) ~ mye _- Yeu? + tam ia ye V4Gge2' = ale tan(6)*% = hea => e- 2QD Heve We tea comverr au x,7'S AND THe WRITE THe EQumtion with T ow TRE LHS dx + By =8 Pes 2 " Lr €05(6) tBrsn(B\=B y =r5in (0) r ( 2cos(©)+ 3sinlo)e 8 @® X* ty? = 100 re tay® yr = 100 re to ® be oy ty*= 3b (x- 6) (x-6) ty* =36 y2-bx- bx +36 ty*= 3g xP 12x tyr 0 eyes (2x r= lzrcos(e) yr = 12 @s(0) ®® @ vg Reta ber? ee 2g @ o- ar Remember: tan(Ol= L Vil an yal + | 3% \3s° ton GE)* * =p =n = _ -\ @) reos(e\= - 1 oa es Se (43) r= 5 csc (0) re 5 Sinle) esinlOl= 5® ) r= 3c0(0) 77 = 3x40) + yhoo ™ r= 3rcoS(6) O- “ 4 Do (e) a oy C05 (ct “txt 4 X ty rs Bx x ~3x +y=O . om = CHECKING: (x- Oe 8) X- 2, dx th = x “aed SK &® 4 vcos(6) t rSin(o)=3 4xt+¥=3 &) y? smn(29) = ~2 > a (rr) (2sin@) cos(6)) =~ 2 yXe : dy sin(o) r cos (6) =~ 2 Yay Lyx =-2Y= 5+ %cos(0) POLAR AXIS Line OF | Pore | = a Replae| 9-90 re-~r 697-9| re-c $j Seen 2 re 5+ 3 cos(-0) -1= 5+ 3co0s(+0) a S430 Rien fn co3(0) = r= ~S*3cos(0) ve 543c08(@) |= 5 +3c05(©) Brees “S-3cosls) ORIGIN Prss ED x Fares Symmerey = “EST FAILED } G Grare. 2 Test Sy¥mmerty ae ale symmeTey fou ony rs 3cos (8) PoLARANS © ee r=30 (-8) v= 3e5(9) — \-v¥=3c0s(e) uw v=-Seos(6) x ro 85-8) P>- v= 73 cos(o) x Ned vawes 6 clo, T]co OE) ai /o_| “B r= 3cos(e) r= O+ 3c0s(0) ve at beos(6) A_o pra Sl THINK OF THIS EQUATION Ys 3.c05(6) > EQvAtio oF CiRcLE ver 3xc05(9) Peuts 3x X-3x tyre (x- 3)+y% 4 zt= Ath Sin(or V=2+2sin(o) USING TABLE on PAGE 438 z|2 rir = | (@ BR ve0+%smn(B) Yeu eee @® r= Sinlze) USING TABLE ON PAGE 740 4 epaL BA =H | ®) vat cos(©) ve 24 cos(E)=2 r-14 (os(E)=2 but Negative >-2 r=24cos(0) - 9 ore 24 Cos(\= 1-1 |&) ve cos(2e) => Here ac! 2 te oF cos (20) USING “TABLE ON Page 741 % uN 0 (ae) a=1 a es 3 ( cos(68) tisinla’) ea 1c B)= Aa Ame ®S PRoovey Toxo aComPLlex NumBeErs. 2, = G(cos(e) +c sin@ ) Zyr vy (eos (e,) + sin (e2)) Z,2, = tm (03 (6,te2)t 5 (e,+8,)) B= 2lcos (aor) +c sin(40")) Ep Sleos(F0") + 2 sin (fo) ) Be > 3-5 (cos(4or7>) 4+ vsin(40+4)) = 15 (CSC io) + sini)i E=> a= 1S Ctos(ue) + isin (ve) £2 = 1g (-o.¢2 + ¢ 434) 22, > Blt ihe ae = Wo (co 16) + Cain (iw) 2,75 ( coslis') + isin(5)) F214 ws(e,-e)+ isin(a-e.)) : a 2 [ as(io-s)+ i sin(ip-s) 2 2 = 2 cos (s)+ 2esn(s) L Hz yaq+ Otte a