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Sentence

The document defines what a sentence is, including that it contains a subject and verb and expresses a complete thought or question. It discusses the importance of proper sentence structure for communication. Key parts of a sentence are identified, including the subject, predicate, object, and types of objects. Different types of sentences are outlined based on their function, such as declarative, interrogative, exclamatory, and imperative. Sentences are also classified based on their structure as simple, compound, or complex.

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24 views3 pages

Sentence

The document defines what a sentence is, including that it contains a subject and verb and expresses a complete thought or question. It discusses the importance of proper sentence structure for communication. Key parts of a sentence are identified, including the subject, predicate, object, and types of objects. Different types of sentences are outlined based on their function, such as declarative, interrogative, exclamatory, and imperative. Sentences are also classified based on their structure as simple, compound, or complex.

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Unit-I Sentence

What is a sentence?
• Group of words containing a subject and a verb that express a complete sense of a
statement, or a question.
• A written sentence always begins with a capital letter and always ends with a question
mark or an exclamation mark.

Why this knowledge?


• A proper arrangement of words is needed to express our beliefs, thoughts and ideas.
• To communicate easily.

Subject: What or whom the sentence is about.


eg: The cat is sleeping in the box.
• Predicate: part of the sentence, or a clause, that tells what the subject is doing or what the
subject is.
eg: The cat is sleeping in the box.
• How to identify a subject? (remember noun or pronoun)
• How to identify a predicate? (contains a verb in addition to a possible modifier)
eg: He reads.
(Modifier: word, phrase or clause that modifies, that is, gives information about another
word in the same sentence. eg: spicy burger, vegetarian hot-dog)

Object: noun or pronoun that is acted upon by a verb or a preposition. (I caught a fish.)
Direct object
 You can find the direct object by finding the verb and asking the question “what”
or “whom”
eg: Please pass the book. (verb? / what?)
 I don’t have a bank account because I don’t have an identity proof. (verb? /
what?)
 Ally is recovering from a massive heart attack. (phrasal verb/ object)

Indirect object: recipient or beneficiary of the action (usually a person)


• You can find the indirect object by finding the verb and the object and then asking “for or
to whom/what” (the words “for” or “to” will be present)
eg: Give a girl the right shoe and she can conquer the world.
(give right shoes to whom)
eg: Show me a hero, and I will write you a tragedy.
(show a hero to whom)
Object of preposition: noun or pronoun govern by a preposition.
– eg: He lives among us/in Berlin.
– I saw a documentary on how ships are kept together.

Types of sentence on the basis of function


Declarative sentence (statement) (to declare)
• Use it to convey a message, facts, ideas
– You are a very good boy.
– I feel lazy today.
– I am teaching right now.
Interrogative sentence: ask question or enquire something. Ends or punctuated with a
question mark (?).
• 3 main types of questions.
– WH-word question
– Choice question
– Yes/no question
– Do you want extra cheese for your pizza?
– What are you doing in the garden?
– Where do you prefer to go, Greece or Norway?
Exclamatory sentence: expresses strong emotions such as happiness, anger, grief,
sadness (end with signs of punctuation)
– Congratulations, You have cracked the exam!
– Wow, the landscape is scenic!
– She lost her brother in an accident!
Imperative sentence: use to give command, order, instruct, make request or plea. If
imperative sentence express strong emotion then it often ends with a punctuation (!).
– Shut the door, please!
– Shut the door!
– Fill-up the forms using black pen.

Sentence on the basis of function

Simple sentence: have a single independent clause that contains a subject that can
describe a person or thing by which an action is performed/ also has a predicate, a verb
that describes the action of the subject.
• He bought a new pencil.
• Aman is writing a letter.

Compound sentence: made up of two or more independent clause joined by a co-


ordinating conjunction or a semi colon (;)
• He has bought a new car but he comes to the office by a bus.
• Ana typed an email but forgot to sent the email.

Complex sentence: made up of one independent clause and one or more dependent
clauses. In a sentence, these clauses are joined or linked with one another by
subordinating conjunctions like when, after, because etc. and by relative pronouns
like who, which, that, etc.
• After he bought a new car, the boy went on a long drive.
• The boy who is dark and tall and wore a red t-shirt, has gone for a long drive as he
bought a new car.

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