CS220A Lab#1

Introduction to Spartan-3E
and
Xilinx ISE

Mainak Chaudhuri
Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
 Sketch
• Brief on Xilinx Spartan-3E FPGA
• Xilinx Integrated Synthesis Environment
(ISE)
– Example implementation of a full adder
• Verilog HDL
• Schematic

2
Field-programmable gate array
• Two-dimensional array of generic
logic/storage cells interconnected by
programmable switches
– Each cell can be programmed to carry out simple
combinational functions
– The interconnection switches can be
programmed to decide how the result of one
function is input to another function or stored in
memory
– Typically the programming bits are downloaded
to the FPGA and the circuit is ready
• Done in the field as opposed to in the fabrication
facility; hence the name FPGA
3
Field-programmable gate array

Image source: Chu. FPGA Prototyping by Verilog Examples

4
 Xilinx Spartan 3E FPGA
• A 2D array of configurable logic blocks
(CLBs)
– Each CLB has four logic/memory slices
– Each of the two logic slices (SLICEL) has
• Two four-input 16-entry look-up table (LUT) function
generators (can store any four-input function)
• Two registers
• Two multiplexors
• Arithmetic logic and carry (two full adders)
– Each of the two memory slices (SLICEM) has
• Everything of a logic slice
• Two 16-bit memory blocks (RAM16)
• Two 16-bit shift registers (SRL16) 5
 Xilinx Spartan 3E FPGA
• A 2D array of configurable logic blocks
(CLBs)
• I/O blocks (IOB)
– Controls I/O between logic/storage and the user
interfaces (slide switches, LEDs, LCD, etc.)
• Block RAM (random access memory)
– Each block can store 18K bits
• Multiplier blocks
– Each multiplier operates on two 18-bit inputs
• Digital clock manager (DCM)
– Routes clock throughout the FPGA 6
Xilinx Spartan 3E FPGA

Image source: Xilinx 7

Xilinx Spartan 3E FPGA

Image source: Xilinx 8

Xilinx Spartan 3E FPGA

Image source: Xilinx 9

 Xilinx Spartan 3E FPGA
• Five family members
– 100K, 250K, 500K, 1200K, and 1600K logic gates
– We will use XC3S500E
• 500K gates
• 1164 CLBs (4656 slices); 46 rows, 34 columns
• Some CLB rows and columns are taken up by block
RAM, multiplier blocks, DCM
• 360K-bit block RAM (20 RAM blocks, each 18K bits)
• 20 multiplier blocks
• 4 DCMs

10
 Xilinx ISE
• Rest of the slides go over multiple examples
demonstrating how to use Xilinx ISE
– Can simulate Verilog code
– Can synthesize hardware on Spartan-3E FPGA
• Synthesizing a hardware means programming the
FPGA so that it models the desired hardware
• A subset of the CLBs, RAM blocks, multipliers, and the
switches will participate in implementing the specified
hardware
• In this lab, you will do two syntheses
– Full adder: Verilog to synthesis
– Full adder: Mixed Verilog and schematic to
synthesis
– Each synthesis task carries two marks 11
 Xilinx ISE
• Insert your USB stick in the USB drive and
accept ok when it prompts for opening the
medium
• Create a new directory/folder in your USB
stick
– You may call it CS220Labs
– For today’s lab, create two directories/folders
under CS220Labs
• You may name them Lab1_1, Lab1_2

12
 Xilinx ISE
• Open a terminal and enter the command
/opt/Xilinx/14.7/ISE_DS/ISE/bin/lin64/ise
– Will start Xilinx ISE
• Click ok on “Tip of the Day” panel

13
 Xilinx ISE
• In the Xilinx Project Navigator
– Click on File->New Project
– In Location box, write /media/CS220Labs/Lab1_1
– In Name box, write full_adder
– Select HDL in top-level source type
– Click on Next
– For Evaluation Development Board, select
Spartan-3E Starter Board
– Leave everything else unchanged and click Next
– Click Finish
14
 Xilinx ISE
• In the Xilinx Project Navigator
– Click on Project->New Source
– Select Verilog Module from left menu
– Write full_adder in File name box
– Tick the Add to project box
– Click Next
– Leave everything blank in the next page and
click on Next
– Click Finish
– full_adder.v should automatically open in the
right pane of Xilinx Project Navigator
– You need to fill in the module full_adder
15
 Xilinx ISE
module full_adder(a, b, cin, sum, cout
);

input a;
input b;
input cin;

output sum;
wire sum;
output cout;
wire cout;

assign sum = a^b^cin;

assign cout = (a & b) | (b & cin) | (cin & a);

endmodule
16
 Xilinx ISE
• In the Xilinx Project Navigator
– Save your Verilog module by clicking the save
icon in the menu bar above
– Up to this point the procedure is same for
simulation and synthesis
– We will now explore how to simulate the full
adder design using the Xilinx ISim simulator

17
 Xilinx ISE: Simulation
• In the Xilinx Project Navigator
– We need to build a top-level environment Verilog
module
– Project -> New Source
– Select Verilog Test Fixture from the left menu
– Write full_adder_top in File name
– Tick Add to project box
– Click Next
– Click Next
– Click Finish
– The code for full_adder_top.v will open
automatically for editing
18
 Xilinx ISE: Simulation
• In the Xilinx Project Navigator
– Remove the initial block and insert the following
code; leave everything else unchanged

always @(sum or cout) begin

$display("time=%d: %b + %b + %b = %b, cout = %b\n", $time, a, b, cin,
sum, cout);
end

initial begin
a = 0; b = 0; cin = 0;
#5
a = 0; b = 1; cin = 0;
#5
a = 1; b = 0; cin = 1;
#5
a = 1; b = 1; cin = 1;
#5
$finish;
end 19
 Xilinx ISE: Simulation
• In the Xilinx Project Navigator
– Save the top-level module
– On left top side, change View from
Implementation to Simulation

– Select full_adder_top in the Hierarchy pane just

below the View
– In the lower left pane, the ISim Simulator option
should appear; expand that option by clicking on
+ 20
 Xilinx ISE: Simulation
• In the Xilinx Project Navigator
– Double-click Behavioral Check Syntax under ISim
Simulator
– If you see a green tick, syntax check passed
• If not, see the errors in the dialog box at the bottom
and fix them; rerun syntax check
– Double-click Simulate Behavioral Model
– ISim will open; check the results in the bottom
box
– Click on Default.wcfg to get a visual display of
the simulation; zoom to full view

21
 Xilinx ISE: Synthesis
• Synthesis on FPGA does not require a top-
level module
– The FPGA board provides the environment
– The inputs are provided through switches and
buttons
– The outputs are observed through LEDs
– The inputs and outputs are specified through a
user constraints file (UCF)
• Close ISim and switch to ISE Project
Navigator
– Change View from Simulation to Implementation
22
 Xilinx ISE: Synthesis
• We will map the three inputs on three slide
switches in the FPGA board
• We will map the two outputs on two LEDs
• Need to know the FPGA pin numbers
connecting to the switches and the LEDs
• Refer to Xilinx Spartan-3E user guide
– https://www.xilinx.com/support/documentation/
boards_and_kits/ug230.pdf
– Download and save it for future use

23
 Xilinx ISE: Synthesis
• Pages 15 and 16 of Spartan-3E user guide
discuss the slide switches
– The UCF location constraints specify the pin
numbers (L13, L14, H18, N17) and IO standards
of the switches
– Note the location of the switches on your FPGA
board (should be in one of the corners)

– We will tie “a” to L13, “b” to L14, and “cin” to

H18 (SW0, SW1, SW2) 24
 Xilinx ISE: Synthesis
• Pages 19 and 20 of Spartan-3E user guide
discuss the discrete LEDs

– We will map “sum” to F12 and “cout” to F9

(LED0 and LED7)
– Notice location of the LEDs in your FPGA board
• Should be above the slide switches
25
 Xilinx ISE: Synthesis
• Let’s come back to the Xilinx ISE Project
Navigator and prepare the UCF
– Expand the User Constraints option in the
second pane on the left by clicking +
– Double-click I/O Pin Planning (PlanAhead) – Pre-
Synthesis

– This will launch PlanAhead (click on Yes)

26
 Xilinx ISE: Synthesis
• Close the Welcome to PlanAhead pane by
clicking Close
• In I/O Ports pane expand the Scalar ports by
clicking +
– This will list the inputs and outputs of the
full_adder module

27
 Xilinx ISE: Synthesis
• PlanAhead pin assignment
– For each input (a, b, cin), select its row, and set
Site (L13, L14, H18), check Fixed, set I/O Std to
LVTTL, and Pull Type to PULLUP
– For each output (sum, cout), select its row, and
set Site (F12 and F9), check Fixed, Set I/O Std to
LVTTL, and Drive Strength to 8

– Save by clicking the save icon located at top left

corner (below File)
– File->Exit->Ok (this will close PlanAhead) 28
 Xilinx ISE: Synthesis
• PlanAhead tip
– Ensure that all fields for a pin as specified in the
user guide are filled in
– For example, if the user guide specifies PULLUP
or PULLDOWN for a pin, you cannot leave that
unspecified in PlanAhead

29
 Xilinx ISE: Synthesis
• Return back to the ISE Project Navigator
– Next step is to synthesize and implement the
design
– Double-click on Synthesize – XST option in the
second pane on the left (below User Constraints
option which you expanded)
– Once you get a green tick indicating completion
of synthesis, you can click on Design Summary
(Synthesized) at the bottom of the pane on the
right
• See how many CLB slices and LUTs your design has
consumed
30
 Xilinx ISE: Synthesis
• In the ISE Project Navigator
– Double-click Implement Design option (just
below Synthesize – XST)
– Once this step completes successfully, you can
go back to the Design Summary (Implemented)
tab and select Pinout Report from the left menu
• Check that a, b, cin, sum, cout are mapped to the
correct pins
– Double-click Generate Programming File option
(just below Implement Design option on the
second left pane)
• This will generate the bits needed to program the
FPGA so that it can implement your design 31
 Xilinx ISE: Synthesis
• In the ISE Project Navigator
– Double-click Configure Target Device option (just
below Generate Programming File)
• Click ok
• This will launch iMPACT, the Xilinx tool for
programming the FPGA
– In the FPGA board, the JTAG jumpers need to
configured correctly first
• Page 26 of the user guide shows the correct jumper
configuration (you need to keep only the middle
jumper connected)
• DO NOT LOSE ANY OF THE JUMPERS; BEFORE
RETURNING THE BOARD, REMEMBER TO PLACE THE
JUMPERS BACK
32
 Xilinx ISE: Synthesis
• JTAG jumper configuration

33
 Xilinx ISE: Synthesis
• After doing the jumper setting, power on the
FPGA board
– The red LED beside the power switch should
light up
– Connect the USB cable between the computer
and the FPGA board
• The green LED beside the cable port on the FPGA
board should light up indicating a healthy connection
• In iMPACT menu
– Double-click on Boundary Scan
– Right-click on the main area and select Initialize
Chain; select Yes 34
 Xilinx ISE: Synthesis
• In iMPACT
– Automatically a file selection will open for
programming the FPGA
• Select
/media/CS220Labs/Lab1_1/full_adder/full_adder.bit
• It will ask you if you want to attach a PROM; say No
• Select Bypass for the next one
• Select Bypass for the next one too
– A Programming Properties selection menu will
open
• Click on Apply and then Ok
– You will see a chain of three devices
• The green one is the FPGA; the other two are memory
devices which we bypassed 35
 Xilinx ISE: Synthesis
• Right-click on the green FPGA
– Select Program
– If the FPGA is programmed correctly it will say
Program Succeeded and you will see the orange
Done LED light up
• Now the FPGA is running your hardware
– We need to give inputs and observe the outputs
– Use the slide switches to provide values for a, b,
cin
– Check if the correct LEDs glow
• This concludes the first assignment of Lab1
36
 Notes for healthy FPGA
• Always power on the FPGA after doing the
jumper setting
– Never change jumper setting with the FPGA
powered on
• Always connect the USB cable after powering
on the FPGA
• Always power off the FPGA before
disconnecting the USB cable
– Do not pull out the USB cable when the FPGA is
powered on
• Keep all jumpers connected to the board
when you are not using the board
37
 Xilinx ISE: Synthesis
• Save the iMPACT project
– /media/CS220Labs/Lab1_1/full_adder/full_adder.i
pf
• File->Exit
– Agree to save when it asks
– This will close iMPACT
• We will now start the second assignment

38
 Xilinx ISE: Assignment#2
• We will learn how to create schematics of
digital design in Xilinx
• Start a new project in Project Navigator
– File -> New Project
– Location: /media/CS220Labs/Lab1_2
– Name: full_adder_schematic
– Top-level Source Type: Schematic
– Click Next
– Select Evaluation Board
– Click Next
– Click Finish 39
 Xilinx ISE: Assignment#2
• Idea of the assignment
– We will create a Verilog module to define a two
input xor gate
– We will use this xor gate to create a schematic of
the full-adder
– Next we will simulate this by writing a Verilog
Test Fixture
– We will also synthesize it on FPGA

40
 Xilinx ISE: Assignment#2
• In Xilinx ISE Project Navigator
– Project -> New Source -> Verilog Module
• Name: myxor
• Next, Next, Finish
module myxor(x, y, z);
input x;
input y;
output z;
wire z;

assign z = (x & ~y) | (~x & y);

endmodule
41
 Xilinx ISE: Assignment#2
• In Xilinx ISE Project Navigator
– To be able to use myxor in a schematic, we need
to create a symbol for it
– Select myxor (myxor.v) in left upper pane
– Expand Design Utilities in left lower pane and
double-click Create Schematic Symbol
– Project -> New Source -> Schematic
• File name: fuller_adder_sch
• Click Next, Finish
– The schematic drawing board will open now
– You can add components by selecting the
Symbols tab at the bottom of the left pane 42
 Xilinx ISE: Assignment#2
• In Xilinx ISE Project Navigator
– Select General category and title from symbols
• Place the title box at the left bottom corner of the
drawing board
• Right-click on the title box and select Object
properties
• Put Full adder as the NameFieldText
• Click Apply and ok
– Select your project path in category and myxor
from symbol
• Place two myxor symbols on the drawing board
– Select Logic category
• From symbol, select three and2 and one or3 gates43
 Xilinx ISE: Assignment#2
• In Xilinx ISE Project Navigator
– Connect the gates to build the full adder
• Use the wiring icon to draw wires

– Use the I/O Marker icon to name the inputs and

outputs
– Right-click on a marker, select Object Properties
44
 Xilinx ISE: Assignment#2
• In Xilinx ISE Project Navigator
– Use the I/O Marker icon to name the inputs and
outputs
– Place a I/O Marker on a terminal by selecting the
I/O Marker icon and then clicking on the terminal
– Right-click on a placed marker of a terminal,
select Object Properties, change Name under
Nets
– Click Apply and then Ok
– Name the inputs a, b, cin
– Name the outputs sum, cout
– Save the schematic by clicking the save icon 45
 Xilinx ISE: Assignment#2
• In Xilinx ISE Project Navigator
– Next we will simulate the design and then
synthesize
– This procedure is same as the previous
assignment starting from slide 18
– Follow the steps from there

46