Scribd
Upload
53 views

Assignment 3

This document contains tutorial problems related to linear algebra concepts such as eigenvalues, eigenvectors, diagonalization, minimal polynomials, and inner products. Some key problems include finding the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of various linear operators on R2 and R3, determining if a matrix is diagonalizable, computing minimal polynomials, finding orthogonal and orthonormal bases, and verifying various functions define inner products on vector spaces. Many problems involve applying concepts like the Gram-Schmidt process to compute bases.

Uploaded by

jadhavbhavesh1131
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
53 views

Assignment 3

This document contains tutorial problems related to linear algebra concepts such as eigenvalues, eigenvectors, diagonalization, minimal polynomials, and inner products. Some key problems include finding the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of various linear operators on R2 and R3, determining if a matrix is diagonalizable, computing minimal polynomials, finding orthogonal and orthonormal bases, and verifying various functions define inner products on vector spaces. Many problems involve applying concepts like the Gram-Schmidt process to compute bases.

Uploaded by

jadhavbhavesh1131
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 2

Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur

Department of Mathematics

Tutorial Sheet-3 Linear Algebra and Partial Differential Equations (MAL210)

1. Let T be a linear operator. Then the following are equivalent.


(i) A scalar λ is an eigenvalue of T .
(ii) The linear operator λI − T is singular.
(iii) The scalar λ is a root of the characteristic polynomial ∆(t) of T .

2. Suppose v1 , v2 , ..., vn are nonzero eigenvectors of a linear operator T belonging to dis-


tinct eigenvalues λ1 , λ2 , ..., λn . Then v1 , v2 , ..., vn are linearly independent.

3. Suppose the characteristic polynomial ∆(t) of T is a product of n distinct factors, say,


∆(t) = (t − a1 )(t − a2 )...(t − an ). Then T can be represented by the diagonal matrix
D = dig(a1 , a2 , ..., an ).

4. Let A be a real symmetric matrix. Then each root λ of its characteristic polynomial is
real.

5. Let T : R3 → R3 be defined by T (x, y, z) = (4x + y − z, 2x + 5y − 2z, x + y + 2z).


(a) Find all eigenvalues of T .
(b) Find a maximal set S of linearly independent eigenvectors of A.
(c) Is T diagonalizable? If yes, find P such that D = P −1 T P is diagonal.

6. Find the minimal polynomial m(t) of


 
2 2 −5
A = 3 7 −15 
1 2 −4

7. Let F, G : R3 → R3 be linear operator defined as F (x, y, z) = (4x − 2y + 2z, 6x −


3y + 4z, 3x − 2y + 3z) and G(x, y, z) = (3x − 2y + 2z, 4x − 4y + 6z, 2x − 3y + 5z). The
characteristic polynomial of both operator is ∆(t) = (t − 2)(t − 1)2 . Find the minimal
polynomial m(t) of each linear operator.

8. For each of the following operator: T : R2 → R2 , find all eigenvalues and corresponding
linearly independent eigenvactors:
(a) T (x, y) = (2x − 3y, 2x − 5y)
(b) T (x, y) = (2x + 4y, −x + 6y)
(c) T (x, y) = (x − 4y, 3x − 7y)
When possible, find the nonsingular matrix P that diagonalizes T .

9. Let T : R2 → R2 be linear operator defined as T (x, y) = (2x − y, −2x + 3y)


(a) Find eigenvalues and corresponding eigenvectors.
(b) Find a nonsingular matrix P such that D = P −1 T P is diagonal.
(c) Find A8 and f (A) where f (t) = t4 − 5t3 + 7t2 − 2t + 5.

1
10. Let {e1 , ...., en } be an orthonormal bases of an inner product space V . Let P = [aij ] be
an orthogonal matrix. Then the following n Vectors form an orthonormal basis for V :
e0i = a1i e1 + a2i e2 + ... + ani en , i = 1, 2, .....n

11. Show that a 2 × 2 real symmetric matrix


   
a b a b
A= =
c d b d
is positive definite if and only if the diagonal entries a and d are positive and the
determinant |A| = ad − bc = ad − b2 is positive.
12. Verify that the following is an inner product on R2 , where u = (x1 , x2 ) and v = (y1 , y2 ):
f (u, v) = x1 y1 − 2x1 y2 − 2x2 y1 + 5x2 y2

13. Find the values of k so that the following is an inner product on R2 , where u = (x1 , x2 )
and v = (y1 , y2 ):
f (u, v) = x1 y1 − 3x1 y2 − 3x2 y1 + kx2 y2

R 1 of polynomials over R of degree ≤ 2 with inner product


14. Let V be the vector space
defined by < f, g >= 0 f (t)g(t)dt. Find a basis of the subspace W orthogonal to
h(t) = 2t + 1.
15. Find a basis of the subspace W of R4 orthogonal to u1 = (1, −2, 3, 4) and u2 =
(3, −5, 7, 8).
16. Let W be the subspace of R4 orthogonal to u1 = (1, 1, 2, 2) and u2 = (0, 1, 2, −1). Find
(a) an orthogonal basis for W , (b) an orthonormal basis for W .
17. Let U be the subspace of R4 spanned by
v1 = (1, 1, 1, 1), v2 = (1, −1, 2, 2) v3 = (1, 2, −3, −4)
(a) Apply the Gram-Schmidt algorithm to find an orthogonal and an orthonormal basis
for U .
(b) Find the projection of v = (1, 2, −3, 4) onto U .
R1
18. Consider p(t) with inner product < f, g >= −1 f (t)g(t)dt and the subspace W = P3 (t).
(a) Find an orthogonal basis for W by applying the Gram-Schmidt algorithm to
{1, t, t2 , t3 }.
(b) Find the projection of f (t) = t5 onto W .
19. Find a symmetric orthogonal matrix P whose first row is ( 31 , 32 , 32 ).
R1
20. Let V = C[0, 1] over R with inner product < x, u >= 0 x(t)u(t)dt. Let V0 = P2 . Find
best approximation for x from V0 , where x(t) is given by (i) et (ii) t3 (iii) cos t.
21. Let A be a real positive definite matrix. Then show that the function < u, v >= uT Av
is an inner product on Rn .
***

You might also like