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Divide and Conquer

devide and conquer

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86 views13 pages

Divide and Conquer

devide and conquer

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odpc4979
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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| Drtoe-ano- Gnquer (246 > The ope parocligm insishes Gee steps va cx (evel ofthe Kennsion : (i). Ciside te proton tne a number of subpodbioms tal ane emaler.trsarees of the Same prctlem . C0) Congyue the sabprobeme ty scting Hem recunsively: Yh the eubprcbiom sizes ane ama enovgh, nee [ Base Case], Wi) Combine the sdrlins the subprblems nib the eclutisr. fit sce them Y brute ae the ond geinal - pidlm. perm ae is 2 Bo Pn <— Oiled nto fret exch i tbe, “Severeal szbpobim - Subpredelems ee Re K » Cutt Mbstactn : ncvicualy ae es es get Cine compen’ MeN | Fie, EO= gO TR 4. IF sate (P) Qriotel onto 2 Nbeketore in = h Ketan 8 () sebprcbioms Lach ace chviety andl 3. ESE GaN Wass, Corbiding » a } size (TY fos a 4. Divide Pinto omaltere instances fy, h,.--> lx lseb (esy) 4 5] Appl Pac (A), PAC lB), ---* vache). 6.| Rha Combine (o1c (2D, vac lB) ~- _o1e (Ps) O Wige Sind: AS ste, 4 wer Adtate, wer daeplee Sety- / bekge-seeT (4, 6te) 1. IF px ne QE: [4] <— DIVE (00) = 6] A MERGE-SORT (A, P. al ee 2 ay | nice [ tO 2] 5. | MERGE (A,B 9,7 COMBINE ‘n) = 6 (ni Cee esol “tl)= 6 (Pr) MERGE (A,P.9)n) ar MERGE i a snus gpl ecole Mt 2 meKey 3. Let 1 (1: mt4] anf R [43 +1) im 4. PRi=16% 5. | te=Alere-) | p boat es for [= 16™ extra face z RI Alef] | = 6 (m+) 8. L [mtt)=00 58 aes 9. REmtt] = ap es by ee | | S ae 12. for K=P 6 te Aetuaty 3. | oF LO? A + Tre conpshrity of Merge Sant abesn clepend om ip peomidatins Gre Gnploys apy. £00), ed ar("A)+ on), rs hs Bastese | mage cate |bbetene 8 (ng) eae) Tad | 2b 4 ) Aiolang Space = Olnr or Extn ein oom Slack space used Ls SS Gia @ i, fom Recursine coll Sk y ee sD +» Best Case ¢ Minimum ro. of Companisons =| [L/ When Al elements a < Faret eloront of K LERE[E] Carre : lll D ee nossfe Onparivens = [t= 4 Ale Le + Wavst Casa g Woxémson roof Grpartens = ee 7 BTR | When /t]-1 elements in bst L < First element of R t [xfs[sys] [z[afn [R ce ue Nan. conparcisons = (443-1) 6 » &- Way Mergin Ba errr aN eee Sim epone Boter-upp approach) yi PEPE] =| 2] FI | Re tere anray ae) We NL MAL AZ hae al fess: [3] [517] pea + Lack Gist contains me element. saga, 2m in ha ts | geo omer © | she: platen (a | er atime. | a fis: [ef[s[a[s] [ze] 9 + Let Altin] be an annoy of r citinel umbels. Seg and ACT >A] ten the pain Gp & cxted an énvetsion of A « >»counr-mv (A, ”) 1) No. of onvorsions Ste corny Ae <2,58,64> F 1. InNnv=O A. for b=1.& 1-4 A i ci 3. fon faltitén 4.| wf (av7 AG) on [ if (Nv = INvEL AL SAGl (ee) Se So, fare is 1 inversion befocon (le) 31), @9, 61) + Gohl Gd. Similanly, al all. Eniversions » io oa i so (6d) ). eee (du & 2 iy i Gand 20. ff mnlencectbons = & = maoff anverstons. FO E—1 tated nurobests = OnVerslins 2 = Qt, 2.68), & 4) Gut, Cine Complexity of the bule farce meted is th. [n= 0 (n”) + We cam reluce Line complrity from or 6 8 (nbn) using DAC « >A prachial biehlem of tnvensions : + Suppose! music site -tnies & mater your song prreferamces with others » > Yeu yank n- ere + Masic site consults tafabare te Finck pays with simélan taste . Ble [ale No. of inversions = 2 Me ETS EAB 2) 42) yoal 3[4 [2 ]|* at - Séniterisy Matne: No. of tnveraions behucen- » Aypheations of Inventions ¢ teve ratings. : aa My tank: fa ea alepa! wl Dnvensions ante = + Voting Tory. [ x Sensitivit Pe mnie “Ga reankén le te9 7 Songs (Og ane avented J 67, ¢ | + KReok segregation ) fe meta-searching bed a> te web. Rea ee — 5 Ninveng the *sntebrese an dueay. | oi) Mow Fon Ctatonative Fitosing (esestn E-Crmence) .| ener! ans > Gonling inversions using DAG: 1 Divide: Separate Get into fev preses. as. Same count. enversions on cach Half, Sash cnvexsions cvberre aaa ane tn Aiffurent talves, arel- ~ netann sum of tree quantve MERGE” ofonation tn MERGE-SORT (Asserve such, faff ts De » soRr-Ab-counT (£) I . tf (bat £ fas ove element) Ao Hos a net Retr (0, L) | fe: Dye vie. (Bie (Os AE == (NED) (ay, 4) = ‘sorT-AWb-counT (2) ——> a (9 (qe BD = MERSE-AND- -counr (4,8) ——» 6 (™) Retron: (trite aa » t) 1 2 Sr Se, Fr 4. (Ky, A) = SORT-AND- cour (A) —> + (A) n= a(n 7 pete] a a(d= a (may om a 6: os] + Counting iverson tty MERGE spon’ Aux Space gy ee oe Vaal aw A Bla fe [4 [ali (2 1 [ie |7 [23] =] 6 & a e eal L [2 le 7 iy a [4] a al eal: forte MERGE, i i z mal fe] > 8G]. be" # Inversions: ©) éb é Bi °| mae Here ane (9- i711) mumbei « When 2 is copied into L, aes ag] (“ 3y2), of inversions. So, there are, Grp cnversions » = (6-144) 6 tavontons, and so on. | oonsnst (a1, 00) Tolal. inversions = (erarztarety) he from whore My ig 3 .* ese 2.9.89,09,09 (u,14), (119), (166), (18, 18), (2, 19), (2,19). (w 19) (16,19) (1) + Not Stable, 1.0, nelative onden of e ELE, ead sort - ‘floms (3 rot preserved » ara + Not Adaptive he, tuurptt aoe doesrit improm.on = Bespite ne slows evnstease, 9 (n°) nusmifg tne, Falekeon® & often te best practical chore . fon sonting because it ts hemart y offsient_on the average and the constant factore hictlen. the 8 (myn) 0: -case i.e, (nbn a ane quite small. | Mogge sort also Has arrenage cose 0 (nlpni) , butt conetants- - Ficklem in. (non ane bigger tar tat ff quickecrt | > Bruckcont ato tas the adveontoge f sorteng inplace. [Menge sont eses O(n) aurilany pace -]- Cutetgort & turce as fastas Merge sont» GS > Guiekeort also aonks well even tn Vsateal Nerrony envinonment amd wth Gadbing slant Aolex, , endl index % Clvide: Fantitim (weannarge) the array Wee dea fy empty) eubarways Alp, 9-4] andl ABts-- 1. Ale] Ale—. 4-4] Algth ~~] Lack chmenteef AIp,..-9-4] ” © I Kar ten Al]=%- ary wel | ke ale[#]4 [2 [s [6 [4 I 2és with Ft |p { itsetfand putin (9) 9 ABS ES SR ctl eae | # Pil i = Le[s[zla]o ls ]é]4 B is ped om be ! lager pain care amatter partition: qe Fare % ane sunppel i ane. Satter portiim | 27 173 grees % Use loap imvantant & prove- -connectness Gf PARTITION . Srittalreation: Befere the inp Stands, aff the conctrtions of Gop- tmvantant are satisfred, Becaus 1 ts the pivot ancl subannays - ane empty. + Maintamanee ; While the lop 4s eurmiing., F Aly] < prot. them Aj) and AlirL) axe Se eof ard then. 6 ard, ane OP Ai) IS Pivot, then énewemserd only f° * Leumination: When te bop eu Ce cc Vi Te i[3 [8]7 5 [6/4 é UVES a 6/4 2 2 a A and ¢ ane wapyel [9 ]3 [eles p 2) e we 5/6/8 Caner SOG Le Quicksorr (4. 4-1) REC OR TE (a, ttn) 4 is placecl on-its connect position . ‘texminates, (7h, 2 Us ele in A ane partitioned inte one ff he thee cases — Ale...1) Spret; A [tr4,-- wt] > pivets ard A [re] = pivot. © Analyse of Ouickeont ¢ loeforrrance tepende om whether the partitioning ls baked ot not. « Assume au fp elements ane clistinet. Oe pete, ore ane better partitening. aporitsms for cohen cluplisate Up ee bp GP eleven eg + “Let Trlr) = Wonst case nunning tena man 3 WE Te + Th-x-D+6(5) fost case, tees cach ene Wisnst-lwe? + Sh ave sottel on pense oxtt. > Foatitiom anouned enin. on ax element | © > One stle f partition. atuays et 70 ea. 0 elements are TU) = F0) + 7 (n-L) + O(n) 2 ie i > "6 (Be)-0te Gorey | 8 (D+ Tl) + 06) 34 OF ZAR ~< rlosoty Tl) = Tlf rAln) z . po +6(n8) 2 [T= 8 le) uh M6 a ae ‘Keen tree. DREN best= Gee? (rn inkettion ony Thd= TOt Th Dre Lach subs meg ¢ spr are we ane Lu ES 3 FS alas) a Sey Gf seed pel lorments ae Mestian.»/ > ef et = fs ateays pe A 2 [Hest ase] Kean Tbe warts ler paw, fay Ti holy ne ee Cate eae atenenty, | (Tose deesy » ae a Se i) opaee L(n) = 20 ls) +00) [Lecry | iE Ula) = L (ns) +6 Cr) [untucty] eke 8 on Dohring, Ll) = 2(lr6)~« oe ln) +alr) = 24 (%-1) tor) ‘ “LOD =B(nfpn) , [tec] Wage ey eal ae 2 [As: Ke Gack Pr Our ass: OF pl tp ee lp cers vee), a Connect his we ackt nametrnieatiin Guieksont« * As lo Les te Kewcmivat Gurrenr) |: Aéetcase st 108: Lentitton around a narclm. clement . Eyed Time = Ofnlyn, + Kenneig fine & inokpenctent § te Op ip Gp eter. Mey sop practioly, ¥ No , ae newled & te mace about te oka + No pee fp elicits the éret-case teharioute. ea & oletonmined by ony the pS: (oe ne * IG han assumed in prrevious version, RANDOMIZED = PARTITION (A, P “) that all? ip ap permutations are OE t. t= RANDOM (Pn) | thy, which is rdf aluouys Crue , ca Be exchange ALA] withAGD a ue A bay a 3. netuen partion (ARI) | Cea va + Kenolom! ey, the pivof element, AN DOMIZED — QUICKSORT (A, Pte | ell ont rye cause the split of te a $e reasonably well ie aise & 4g = RANDOMIZED “PARTITION (AP. ”) Se 3 i, ~QUICKSORT Ae 02 =) 4. RANDOMIZED QUICKSORT (Go ere tt) » Aralis Let 1(n) = the nandom variable fon the numing tome f rancomiael- quieksont on an fe Fvze n, » assaming nara muimbors cite ontyperctent.. for, = 4, ~~~ OL ofine te dncticatore nardom. variable . Bec 1, Gf paarinan generates 2 Kirke be 0, otserwise. E [XJ -4P 5X20} tL PAX ALP = OF LoL, sie all splits ane - - epeally Chey, assuming clovents ate Aistenct . Se ke +8 (n)- ad aint spit @ ce mee! G 1: nx spleé 7 (mi) + rl 10). ff rt:0 sft = ("8+ r6«d) +l K=0 ® oy: Ba ee (slo + rlesci) + (9) | = elec (rloeroedt0O)] (lomty f opatin) Rae) a = Ela. E [7t9)+ 10%) +09] eo Xe choices » ie = El] +E. € [ror] + #Z 00) (se #4) ; Comey Peper) HO] = 2c rtog 1 0l0) , (Summatne Bre stato) The K-04 res fe absonbel cn the O(n) « fase: £ [100] < anfyn fox cometint a0. + Choose a. lange enaygh se Bat ann. cominates E [rey] foe Saffrientty age 7a 7 2. Lee bits FE Ay < fovgn— fmm [bpife axeorce) kag Vero) Z Z ang + O(n) [Sebetietion method | oR hey | Substitute. inatuctrve £ 42 (Lorn $0) 120) Aypotiess 7 = angn ~ (F e 3) xpress 2s closed — pesitual . K 22g a & chosen. ‘S ersuph so Get Se ee a(n). 2) Kenctomtzalin ae sont St ae “ogy 2b ype f anny Soom cnssehg oust case odes an altendly -soieted cautres * wenst case behaniourt im Ten- oe antes ele, bat nid tn Kerobmizeol- Giucekeoret-- a 49 Keumaie Glts fr veg SE ( A, re : : aL (lc em! {rhs ae vg ae : 2 > Lon urcksont : . lack Space -oflog.2) [Best Gace] 3 = a(n) [hiorst Gee [ A Ailing [Extra pace = 8(4) So, Guickeont & MANE: soxtong | . p Space = O(n) best case lanstcat] ei Pastis Gutekgont srt ainlaie eae schosip of tps incase d alugticate keys. (Fa hee parrition proceline) , 50, NO. >» Adaptive: Gutekeont is NOT adyptive, Because incase ff sondest Sp, (ts penferemance ches ro improve. overe [ist e230 - (in von A » aa sont quas ferme Leip Hoare) t translate Keussian int English. = But in “Hospes’ PARTITION proceclisre, Fast aren cline cece ese HR CoA. pirat element rather ‘than seteting the (ast ckment as pivot [as im cL RS bid Hoare [> ~~ RMT AT an ; > Coy Howe gdh Categ Peal in £782. Vie HOARE ~PARTITION Ape 7 4. x=AlP] 8.) ' REPEAT Bre tee Pop a prt a ie re 4. Wai TRE to, | UNTIL ALTZ ie KeAT Pele cs 6 he ag ay | exchange ALI] with Alp] | z- wnTite ALTE Ip ELSE RETURN | pane Sodus Stage Metiphaton¢ > Majtheatin: Given too n-bit trtegers a and 6, compute axb. Gpreot’ Sobel iay ratipbcation. pester + 6 (n*) BE operations /* Mypere. Zane 6 le- | tol « Cajeclre [Felragorev £086] = Grad sebel te omabe both inteers| pei equal roof Hits of | ol ame © ets Jol ep) x= lal ,g=10l elon . iTiestees [ease 1960] = Conpectere 700011 és false. Ten mit, gre ee ___ Civile. amt Cong vere Maltipleation + | m= [7%] a . > Bmutiy too n-Bit sntegers x alg. | a= [mmf berm + Biviole % anet y inte Gw ant figheondete bs , ; + Mattygly fore 0g, bid Infgars, necursived | kieye gyn = Adel and shift & chain. nesilts. my = 2" +6) (2" td) | Th. elt), tfnes C atest 2” (ee tad)+ ba at (part), if mL 4) Baarrone Holl Fa lO oogk a> Here, m= Ae Gs: n=8) -fro= 66] a= [ tece et J = 1900, = (000/10 moet 24 1101 C= 4 f)ttoeeol ra Chem eto cert mod 27> 000! C= [wr Adee Leftshift al ty m bib, So, x = 1000/ 1101 1{0] 000, es Pa i i sea tual peer ase TD J fon decimal rusmbens, use bse 1. 1 (m=L) Return 27 10 instead of 2. a. Ese ne ben Lio” 3 m=|Al | | ae a i 4, | a [%n] > b= xed 2” |. = [dfon],a-g7'? 5. cH ftpm] 2 aeagmaem | Ant So om. A 6.) @= muLtiPlyalare™) 5 f= mover iptyale, A, ™) a He a:= mutipLy-oac(b,em) 5 fe = MoLTIPLy-bAc (a4) Return. 272 + 2™ (qth) +f > Me Keratiube hicks To muttily two n-bid integers warty : Vvicle anol W int bw and tigh- - onclee bits. > BD compute micttle teem (be pad) Use contig berad= (ar) (erq)-ac-bd oy To m= 1 74/ b acted - pd (0-4) (e-4) a= [%Am], b= % md 2™ Jo bhewit we it.r/ c= /dAr, aay mda” ays (2%ar$) (2% +4) og te Ee eg I = Pact 2 (berad) tba = ae + ar(arslerd) -ac-bd) + ba o @ a © KARATSUBA-MULTIPLY (24,7 KARATSUBA MULTIPLY (2492) pel, ifr 4. w(n=4) T= 1 ol), f 4 2) Relmm oy ma [ZT witato: 37(1%l) eee? 3. ELSE o As | i =) Heal ca 20/ voc) 5. | a= [nfs B= xmetZ™ Ns (gy | / «Gmc sbe = o(n") WP he yd Be ” 6 c=] dfnl > a-¢ ar pales werataaka aporiton= of") me | e = Kararsvea-morrirly (2, ¢, » = We x Harvey Véon-clow Hoeven: a, | _f 2 KARATSUGA-MoLTIPLY (2.4.7) —> TW iS alngn) 2) [late 2009], e qa: kagarsvea-muerirty ( Ja-é| » |e ject], ce) Satan i wo | ( Rem aXe x ar(ert-g)tt fob Flo sign Fp Gre « Apypheations : > Seeger: © We semehimes need & cE -fvo Ca uarrbers Fo ~ Cy ty ‘ Fractiee. Bampies : @) x= 1000 , gem QD me 146128, Y= BER120. oes

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