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Bab 1. Number Systems

This document provides an outline and overview of different number systems, including: 1) Natural numbers which are positive whole numbers and closed under addition and multiplication. 2) Integers which include natural numbers along with their opposites and zero. Integers are closed under addition, subtraction, and multiplication. 3) Irrational numbers which cannot be written as a ratio of two integers and have non-repeating decimals. Examples include the square root of two. 4) Real numbers which include all rational and irrational numbers. 5) Complex numbers which are expressions of the form a + bi, where a and b are real numbers and i is the imaginary unit.

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Evi Nadilah
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70 views16 pages

Bab 1. Number Systems

This document provides an outline and overview of different number systems, including: 1) Natural numbers which are positive whole numbers and closed under addition and multiplication. 2) Integers which include natural numbers along with their opposites and zero. Integers are closed under addition, subtraction, and multiplication. 3) Irrational numbers which cannot be written as a ratio of two integers and have non-repeating decimals. Examples include the square root of two. 4) Real numbers which include all rational and irrational numbers. 5) Complex numbers which are expressions of the form a + bi, where a and b are real numbers and i is the imaginary unit.

Uploaded by

Evi Nadilah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MATHEMATICS

CHAPTER 1

NUMBER SYSTEMS
OUTLINE
1. The Natural Numbers
2. The Integers
3. The Prime Numbers
4. The Rational Numbers
5. The Irrational Numbers
6. The Real Numbers
7. The Complex Numbers
1. The Natural Numbers
• The natural numbers are 1,2,3,4,5, etc.
• There are infinitely many natural numbers
• The sum of any two natural numbers is also a natural
number (for example, 17+2000 = 2017), and the
multification of any two natural numbers is a natural
number (40×70 = 2800)
What about about division and
subtraction of natural number?
2. The Integers
• The integers are whole number that can be positive, negative, or
zero
{...,−5,−4,−3,−2,−1,0,1,2,3,4,5,...}
• The sum, multiplication, and subtraction of any two integers is
also an integer.
• What about division?
BRACKETS ( )
• Brackets should be used around negative numbers
to separate the minus sign attached to the number
from the arithmetic operation symbol
• Ex: 7 - - 3 should be written 7 – (-3)
9 x -5 should be written 9 x (-5)
3. The Prime Numbers
Prime number is natural number greater than 1 that
has no positive divisors other than 1 and itself.
(2, 3, 5, 7,….)
4. The Rational Numbers
• The rational numbers are those numbers which can
be expressed as a ratio between two integers. For
example, the fractions 1/3 and −1111/8 are both
rational numbers.
RATIOS
• If a whole number is separated into a number of
fractional parts where each fraction has the same
denominator, the numerators of the fractions form
a ratio
ROUNDING
• SIGNIFICANT FIGURES
Significant figures are counted from the first non-zero
numeral encountered starting from the left of the number
Example:
9.4534 to two significant figures is 9.5
• DECIMAL PLACES
Decimal places are counted to the right of the decimal
point and the same rules as for significant figures apply for
rounding to a specified number of decimal places
Example:
123.4467 to one decimal place is 123.4
5. The Irrational Numbers
• An irrational number is a number that cannot be written as a ratio (or
fraction). In decimal form, it never ends or repeats.
• The first such equation to be studied was 2=x2. What number times itself
equals 2?
• √2 is about 1.414, because 1.4142=1.999396, which is close to 2. But you'll
never hit exactly by squaring a fraction (or terminating decimal). The square
root of 2 is an irrational number, meaning its decimal equivalent goes on
forever, with no repeating pattern: √2 =1.41421356237309...
• Give another examples?
6. The Real Numbers
• The real numbers is the set of numbers containing
all of the rational numbers and all of the irrational
numbers.
• There are infinitely many real numbers just as there
are infinitely many numbers in each of the other
sets of numbers.
POWER

• The arithmetic operation of raising a number to a


power is devised from repetitive multiplication
• Example
10 x10 x10 x10  10 4
7. The Complex Number
• The complex numbers are the set {a+bi | a and b
are real numbers}, where i is the imaginary unit,
√−1.
We will discuss more about complex numbers
next week…

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