"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.

pdf"Modelling

Check points

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .
(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning
35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

 Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.
Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

 (a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

 (a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)
Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.
Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

 Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality
reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning
18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning
33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction
38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.
Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .
Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you
double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification
23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

 (a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)
Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.
Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

 Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality
reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning
18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning
33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction
38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.
Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .
Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you
double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification
23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

 (a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)
Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.
Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

 Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality
reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning
18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning
33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction
38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.
Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .
Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you
double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification
23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

 (a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)
Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.
Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

 Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality
reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning
18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning
33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction
38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.
Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .
Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you
double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification
23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

 (a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)
Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.
Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

 Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality
reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning
18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning
33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction
38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.
Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .
Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you
double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification
23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

 (a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)
Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.
Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

 Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality
reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning
18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning
33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction
38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.
Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .
Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you
double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification
23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

 (a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)
Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.
Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

 Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality
reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning
18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning
33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction
38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.
Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .
Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you
double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification
23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

 (a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)
Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.
Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

 Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality
reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning
18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning
33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction
38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.
Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .
Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you
double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification
23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

 (a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)
Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.
Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

 Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality
reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning
18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning
33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction
38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.
Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .
Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you
double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification
23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

 (a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)
Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.
Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

 Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality
reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning
18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning
33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction
38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.
Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .
Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you
double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification
23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

 (a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)
Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.
Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

 Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality
reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning
18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning
33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction
38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.
Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .
Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you
double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification
23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

 (a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)
Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.
Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

 Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality
reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning
18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning
33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction
38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.
Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .
Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you
double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification
23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

 (a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)
Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.
Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

 Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality
reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning
18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning
33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction
38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.
Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .
Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you
double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification
23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

 (a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)
Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.
Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

 Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality
reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning
18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning
33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction
38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.
Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .
Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you
double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification
23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

 (a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)
Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.
Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

 Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality
reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning
18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning
33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction
38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.
Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .
Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you
double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification
23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

 (a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)
Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.
Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

 Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality
reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning
18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning
33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction
38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.
Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .
Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you
double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification
23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

 (a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)
Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.
Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

 Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality
reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning
18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning
33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction
38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.
Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .
Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you
double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification
23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

 (a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)
Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.
Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

 Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality
reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning
18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning
33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction
38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.
Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .
Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you
double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification
23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

 (a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)
Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.
Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

 Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality
reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning
18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning
33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction
38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.
Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .
Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you
double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification
23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

 (a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)
Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.
Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

 Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality
reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning
18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning
33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction
38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.
Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .
Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you
double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification
23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

 (a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)
Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.
Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

 Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality
reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning
18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning
33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction
38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.
Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .
Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you
double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification
23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

 (a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)
Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.
Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

 Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality
reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning
18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning
33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction
38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.
Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .
Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you
double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification
23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

 (a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)
Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.
Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

 Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality
reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning
18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning
33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction
38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.
Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .
Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you
double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification
23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

 (a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)
Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.
Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

 Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality
reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning
18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning
33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction
38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.
Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .
Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you
double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification
23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

 (a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)
Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.
Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

 Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality
reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning
18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning
33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction
38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.
Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .
Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you
double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification
23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

 (a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)
Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.
Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

 Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality
reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning
18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning
33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction
38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.
Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .
Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you
double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification
23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

 (a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)
Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.
Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

 Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality
reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning
18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning
33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction
38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.
Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .
Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you
double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification
23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

 (a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)
Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.
Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

 Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality
reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning
18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning
33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction
38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.
Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .
Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you
double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification
23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

 (a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)
Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.
Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

 Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality
reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning
18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning
33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction
38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.
Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .
Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you
double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification
23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

 (a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)
Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.
Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

 Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality
reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning
18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning
33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction
38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.
Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .
Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you
double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification
23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

 (a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)
Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.
Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

 Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality
reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning
18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning
33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction
38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.
Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .
Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you
double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification
23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

 (a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)
Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.
Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

 Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality
reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning
18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning
33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction
38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.
Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .
Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you
double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification
23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

 (a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)
Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.
Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

 Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality
reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning
18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning
33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction
38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.
Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .
Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you
double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification
23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

 (a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)
Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.
Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

 Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality
reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning
18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning
33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction
38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.
Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .
Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you
double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification
23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

 (a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)
Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.
Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

 Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality
reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning
18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning
33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction
38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.
Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .
Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you
double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification
23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

 (a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)
Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.
Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

 Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality
reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning
18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning
33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction
38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.
Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .
Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you
double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification
23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

 (a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)
Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.
Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

 Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality
reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning
18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning
33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction
38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.
Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .
Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you
double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification
23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

 (a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)
Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.
Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

 Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality
reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning
18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning
33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction
38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.
Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .
Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you
double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification
23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

 (a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)
Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.
Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

 Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality
reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning
18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning
33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction
38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.
Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .
Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you
double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification
23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

 (a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)
Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.
Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

 Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality
reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning
18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning
33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction
38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.
Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .
Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you
double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification
23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

 (a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)
Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.
Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

 Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality
reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning
18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning
33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction
38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.
Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .
Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you
double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification
23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

 (a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)
Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.
Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

 Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality
reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning
18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning
33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction
38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.
Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .
Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you
double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification
23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

 (a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)
Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.
Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

"C:\Users\VINOD KUMAR\Downloads\MathsStandard-MS.pdf"Modelling

Check points

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning

8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics

(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

 Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning

34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.
(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality
reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning

39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.

1. Which of the following is a rule based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

2. Which of the following is a learning based learning approach?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction (e) All of these

(f) None of these

3. Which of the following are Machine learning approaches?

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning (c) Semi-supervised Learning

(d) Reinforcement Learning (e) All of these (f)None of these

4. In_____________ systems, the Al models are developed using the algorithms having predefined
data, rules patterns and relationships.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

5. The ________systems are not largely scalable.

(a) learning based (b) rule based (c) robotics (d) all of these

6. The systems require fully labelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

7. The systems can work with unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning (d) reinforcement
learning
8. The_________ systems can work with a mix of labelled and unlabelled training dataset.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

9. The systems can work with unavailable training dataset, while collecting data with repeated
interaction and training.

(a) supervised learning (b) unsupervised learning (c) semi-supervised learning

(d) reinforcement learning

10. Which of the following are a type of supervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

11. Which of the following are a type of unsupervised learning approaches?

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

12. The Classification based supervised learning systems work on data.

(a) continuous (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data (d) none of
these

13. The Regression based supervised learning systems work on

(a) continuous data (b) non-continuous/discrete (c) mix of continuous and discrete data

(d) none of these

14. The _______ based supervised learning systems can categorise data on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

15. The ______based supervised learning systems can find the relationship between two or more
variables on the basis of its training.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

16. The ___________based supervised learning systems can group unlabelled data on the basis of
their similarities or differences.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

17.___ is a learning approach that is used to identify a relationship between large amounts of
information from a data set.

(a) Classification (b) Dimensionality reduction (c) Association (d) Unsupervised learning

18. The goal of clustering a set of data is to___________

(a) choose the best data from the set

(b) divide them into groups of data that have similar features or characteristics
(c) reduce the number of input variables

(d) predict the class of data

19. The based supervised learning systems can reduce the number of input variables (ie,
complexity) while not losing the sense or meaning of the data.

(a) Classification (b) Clustering (c) Regression (d) Dimensionality reduction

20. Reinforcement learning is a special type of machine learning that is based on

(a) Unsupervised learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Award based learning (f) None of these

21. Which of the following is an application of reinforcement learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Self-driving cars (d) Image classification

22. Which of the following is an application of unsupervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

23. Which of the following is an application of supervised learning?

(a) Topic modelling (b) Recommendation system (c) Pattern recognition (d) Image classification

24. Which of the following is true about reinforcement learning ?

(a) The agent gets rewards or penalty according to the action

(b) It's an online learning

(c) The target of an agent is to maximize the rewards

(d) All of the above

25. Drawbacks of Rule-based approach is/are

• The learning is static.

• Any changes made to the original data will not be considered.

• Once trained, the model cannot improvise on the basis of feedback.

(a) All of the above statements are correct

(b) Statements (1) and (ii) are correct

(c) Statements (m) and (ii) are correct

(d) Statements (1) and (iii) are correct

26. In______ design is adaptive to change in data, which results in dynamicity of a model.

(a) Learning based Approach (b) Rule based Approach

(c) Data Acquisition (d) Data Modelling

27 .In ___________,is not a Learning based Approach where Al model gets trained on the data fed
to it and the is able to design a model which is adaptive to the change in data.

(a) Supervised Learning (b) Unsupervised Learning

(c) Reinforcement Learning (d) Enforcement Learning

28. Unsupervised Learning is divided into the following two categories. Identify the correct one .

(a) Rule based and Learning based

(b) Classification and Clustering

(c) Clustering and Dimensionality Reduction

(d) Classification and Regression

29.__________is one of the types of Supervised Learning Model, where data is classified according
to labels and data need not be continuous.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality reduction

30. Classification and Regression are ________and approach followed is___________

(a) Supervised, Learning (b) Unsupervised, Learning

(c) Reinforcement, Learning (d) Supervised, Rule based

31.____________refers to the unsupervised learning algorithm which can cluster the unknown data
according to the patterns or trends identified out of it.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality Reduction

Competency based Questions

32. The News Engines categorise articles on the same story from various online news outlets. For
example, the results of state elections could be categorised under their label for National news
(India). The news engines are based on based systems.

(a) supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) unsupervised learning (d) reinforcement learning

33........ learning provides essential features to medical imaging devices, such as image detection
classification and segmentation, used in radiology and pathology to diagnose patients quickly and
accurately while having an eye for new pattern discoveries.

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Semi-supervised learning
34. Suppose you have a dog that is not so well trained. Every time the dog messes up the living room

you reduce the amount of tasty foods you give it (punishment) and every time it behaves well, you

double the tasty snacks (reward). What will the dog eventually learn? This concept
signifies____________learning

(a) Supervised learning (b) Rule based (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
learning

35.The problem listed in the image below can be answered through___________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d)

Dimensionality reduction

36. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through__________ algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

37. The problem listed in the image below can be answered through____________algorithm.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c)Clustering (d) Dimensionality

reduction

38.Using past purchase behaviour data_______can help to discover data trends that can be used to
develop more effective cross-selling strategies. This is used to make relevant add- develop
recommendations to customers during the checkout process for online retailers.

(a) Rule based learning (b) Supervised learning (c) Unsupervised learning (d) Reinforcement
Learning
39.To make correct predictions for the weather for a location, we need to take into account various
continuous data parameters, including historical temperature data, precipitation, wind, humidity
and so on. This is required to find the prominent patterns as some earlier recognised set of patterns.
For this, the___________ supervised learning algorithm is very useful.

(a) Regression (b) Classification (c) Clustering(D) Dimensionality reduction

Solution Time

Q.1What is the purpose of modelling phase of AI project cycle ?

Ans. Modelling refers to the mathematically analysing the data and its inside relationship and with
the parameters passed , and finding ways through algorithms and repeated training to reach to
desired and expected intelligent outcomes. Modelling is the face where the AI model takes the real
shape and its training take place with the training data.

Q2. What is the difference between the rule based and learning based AI model?

Ans.2 A rule based AI model in Ai system uses rules as the knowledge representation. These rules are
coded into the system in the form of if then else statement full stop the main idea of a rule based
system is to capture the knowledge of a human experts in a specialised domain and embody it
within a computer system for stop hands in the rule base models knowledge is encoded as rules for
a stop a rule based model has fixed knowledge it does not change over time even after repeated use
of data. In other word it is a static model.

Learning base system have adoptive intelligence for stop it acquires and enhance it's
knowledge with more and more training data given to it such as either by correcting the previously
pig the knowledge rules or even picking up the new knowledge. The learning based AI model build
the rules on the fly. More and more training data they get they keep enhancing and updating their
knowledge and health these are dynamic AI models.

Q3. What is the different type of learning based models ?

Ans.Different type of learning base models are supervised learning waste model and supervised
learning based model reinforcement learning base model.

Q4. What are supervised learning models?

Ans. In supervise learning, and AI model is created using labelled training data that consist of input
data and expected output for a stop based on the training data the model Learns to produce and
output. The supervision comes in the form of feedback based on the actual output it produces so
that the model can adjust its algorithm and learning in case the produced output does not match the
expected output. After training this model is given new observations as test data to produce and
output that I really response correctly.

Q5. Name the two supervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Classification and regression are two supervised learning based techniques used by AI models.

Q6. What are unsupervised learning models ?

Ans. In unsupervised learning the machine use this unlabelled training data where you only have
input data and no corresponding output and Learns on itself without any supervision. The machine
price to find a pattern in the unlabelled data and give a response for stop these are called
unsupervised learning models because unlike supervised learning, there is no correct answers and
their is no teacher for a stop I'll got them are left to their on devices to discover and present the
interesting in structure in the data.

Q7. Name some unsupervised learning techniques used by the AI models?

Ans. Clustering dimensionality reduction and association are some unsupervised learning-based
techniques used by AI models.

Q8. Water reinforcement learning models?

Ans. Reinforcement learning refers to and AI learning approach that trains algorithms using a system
of reward and penalty for stop the learning system called agent Learns in the inter interactive
environment where the agent iteratively Sel apps and Reforms and performs actions and receives
rewards by performing correctly and penalties for performing in correctly.

Q9. What the main components are reinforcement learning system?

Ans. The main elements of an RL system are the agent or the learner second point the environment
the agent interacts with third point the policy that the agent follows to take actions 4 point the
reward signals that the agent observe upon taking actions.

Q10. Name two reinforcement learning techniques?

Ans10. Broadly there are two types of reinforcement learning positive reinforcement learning and
negative reinforcement learning .

Q11. Reinforcement learning has found applications in gaming for a stop how does it works for
example in video games?

Ans. Reinforcement learning is the data hungry for the stop that is why it works really well in video
games because one can play the games again and again and again so getting lots of data seems
feasible.